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• "Find all tiles connected to this one" project

  - by Omega

  Remember MS Paint? The bucket tool? If you used it and clicked on a pixel, all pixels connected to this pixel that are the same are affected. The theory is, I suppose, to check if there is any pixel adjacent to the selected one. If such pixel is the same type as the selected one, check for more adjacent pixels in this one, and so on. I want to implement something similar in VB.NET. Basically I have a 2D array map which represents the map. Let's assume there are only two types of tile: 0 and 1. Now, I got pretty much everything ready: I got my 2d map and I can tell which tile is clicked and tell what array indexes are the ones that represent such tile. Now for the "painting" process. Whenever I think about it, I can't figure a convenient way to execute such iteration. Can someone help me choosing a correct design/way/tip to achieve this?

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• can I store an id value in array of float type ?

  - by srikanth rongali

  I used, for(id value in values) to get the value from an NSArray. Now I want to store it in 2 dimensional float array[][]. When I try to assign the values to array it is giving error:incompatible types in assignment. I tried to cast the value but I got error: pointer value used where a floating point value was expected. I need to store the values in an 2 dimensional array . How can I make it ? Thank You. @implementation fromFileRead1 NSString *fileNameString; int numberOfEnemies, numberOfValues; -(id)init { if( (self = [super init]) ) { NSString *path = @"/Users/sridhar/Desktop/Projects/exampleOnFile2/enemyDetals.txt"; NSString *contentsOfFile = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path]; NSArray *lines = [contentsOfFile componentsSeparatedByString:@"\n"]; numberOfEnemies = [lines count]; NSLog(@"The number of Lines: %d", numberOfEnemies); for (id line in lines) { NSLog(@"Line %@", line ); NSString *string1 = line; NSArray *split1 = [string1 componentsSeparatedByString:@","]; numberOfValues = [split1 count]; NSLog(@"The number of values in Row: %d", numberOfValues); for (id value in split1) { NSLog(@"value %@", value); float value1; value1 = [split1 objectAtIndex:2]); NSLog(@"VAlue of Value1 at index 2: %f", value1 ); } } } return self; } @end In enemyDetal.txt I have 1,3,3 2,3,2.8 10,2,1.6

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• short-cutting equality checking in F#?

  - by John Clements

  In F#, the equality operator (=) is generally extensional, rather than intensional. That's great! Unfortunately, it appears to me that F# does not use pointer equality to short-cut these extensional comparisons. For instance, this code: type Z = MT | NMT of Z ref // create a Z: let a = ref MT // make it point to itself: a := NMT a // check to see whether it's equal to itself: printf "a = a: %A\n" (a = a) ... gives me a big fat segmentation fault[*], despite the fact that 'a' and 'a' both evaluate to the same reference. That's not so great. Other functional languages (e.g. PLT Scheme) get this right, using pointer comparisons conservatively, to return 'true' when it can be determined using a pointer comparison. So: I'll accept the fact that F#'s equality operator doesn't use short-cutting; is there some way to perform an intensional (pointer-based) equality check? The (==) operator is not defined on my types, and I'd love it if someone could tell me that it's available somehow. Or tell me that I'm wrong in my analysis of the situation: I'd love that, too... [*] That would probably be a stack overflow on Windows; there are things about Mono that I'm not that fond of...

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• Difference between the address space of parent process and its child process in Linux?

  - by abbas1707

  Hi, I am confused about it. I have read that when a child is created by a parent process, child gets a copy of its parent's address space. What it means here by copy? If i use code below, then it prints same addresses of variable 'a' which is on heap in all cases. i.e in case of child and parent. So what is happening here? #include <sys/types.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main () { pid_t pid; int *a = (int *)malloc(4); printf ("heap pointer %p\n", a); pid = fork(); if (pid < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "Fork Failed"); exit(-1); } else if (pid == 0) { printf ("Child\n"); printf ("in child heap pointer %p\n", a); } else { wait (NULL); printf ("Child Complete\n"); printf ("in parent heap pointer %p\n", a); exit(0); } }

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• Why can a public class not inherit from a less visible one?

  - by Dan Tao

  I apologize if this question has been asked before. I've searched SO somewhat and wasn't able to find it. I'm just curious what the rationale behind this design was/is. Obviously I understand that private/internal members of a base type cannot, nor should they, be exposed through a derived public type. But it seems to my naive thinking that the "hidden" parts could easily remain hidden while some base functionality is still shared and a new interface is exposed publicly. I'm thinking of something along these lines: Assembly X internal class InternalClass { protected virtual void DoSomethingProtected() { // Let's say this method provides some useful functionality. // Its visibility is quite limited (only to derived types in // the same assembly), but at least it's there. } } public class PublicClass : InternalClass { public void DoSomethingPublic() { // Now let's say this method is useful enough that this type // should be public. What's keeping us from leveraging the // base functionality laid out in InternalClass's implementation, // without exposing anything that shouldn't be exposed? } } Assembly Y public class OtherPublicClass : PublicClass { // It seems (again, to my naive mind) that this could work. This class // simply wouldn't be able to "see" any of the methods of InternalClass // from AssemblyX directly. But it could still access the public and // protected members of PublicClass that weren't inherited from // InternalClass. Does this make sense? What am I missing? }

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• Segmentation Fault

  - by Biranchi

  Hi All, I have the following piece of code for getting the hostname and IP address, #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <netdb.h> /* This is the header file needed for gethostbyname() */ #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { struct hostent *he; if (argc!=2){ printf("Usage: %s <hostname>\n",argv[0]); exit(-1); } if ((he=gethostbyname(argv[1]))==NULL){ printf("gethostbyname() error\n"); exit(-1); } printf("Hostname : %s\n",he->h_name); /* prints the hostname */ printf("IP Address: %s\n",inet_ntoa(*((struct in_addr *)he->h_addr))); /* prints IP address */ } but i am getting a warning and segmentation fault as host.c: In function ‘main’: host.c:24: warning: format ‘%s’ expects type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘int’ What is the error in the code ?? Thanks

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• How do I split ONE array to two separate arrays based on magnitude size and a threshold?

  - by youhaveaBigego

  I have an array which has BIG numbers and small numbers in it. I got it from after running a log from WireShark. It is the total number of Bytes of TCP traffic. But Wireshark does not discriminate(it would actually try, and hence it will tell you the traffic stats of ALL types of traffic, but since This is how the Array look like : @Array=qw(10912980 10924534 10913356 10910304 10920426 10900658 10911266 10912088 10928972 10914718 10920770 10897774 10934258 10882186 10874126 8531 8217 3876 8147 8019 68157 3432 3350 3338 3280 3280 7845 7869 3072 3002 2828 8397 1328 1280 1240 1194 1193 1192 1194 6440 1148 1218 4236 1161 1100 1102 1148 1172 6305 1010 5437 3534 4623 4669 3617 4234 959 1121 1121 1075 3122 3076 1020 3030 628 2938 2938 1611 1611 1541 1541 1541 1541 1541 1541 1541 1541 1541 1541 1541 1541 583 370 178) When you look at these this array carefully, one thing is obvious to the human eye. There are really BIG numbers and small numbers. (Basically what I am saying is, there is the 1% class and low income class, no middle class). I want to split the array to two different arrays. That would require me to set a threshold. Array 1 should be ONLY the BIG numbers (10924534-10874126), and array 2 should be the smaller numbers (68157-178). Btw, the array is not sorted. User will NOT input the threshold, and hence should be determined smartly.

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• Detect that the onscreen keyboard has been displayed on Windows Phone 7

  - by David_001

  Simple question: How do I detect that the onscreen keyboard has been displayed on windows mobile 7? Is there an event I can add a listener to? It takes up about half the screen and I want to scroll the view up when it gets displayed... EDIT: A comment below indicates more clearly what I'm trying to do: I have a textbox input, and as the user types into it an autocomplete dropdown appears below it (like google suggest). By default, the active control (the textbox) scrolls into view when focussed, and the onscreen keyboard is directly below it. The onscreen keyboard appears in front of my autocomplete dropdown - what I want to do is make the screen scroll a little further up, so there's some room for my dropdown to be shown. The windows phone UI design guidelines say: "When the keyboard is deployed, the application should scroll to ensure the active edit control and the caret are in view". This happens fine, it's just the non-active dropdown gets hidden behind the onscreen keyboard. The guidelines also say that an application can choose to show the onscreen keyboard, and can also choose to close it. At the moment i'm stuck, and I don't think (based on my research and the replies to this question) that it's possible to detect that the onscreen keyboard has been displayed. I'm moving my investigation to see if it's possible to determine the "visible area" of the page (width & height in pixels for example), and combine this with an onfocus for the textbox... not sure if this will prove fruitful though.

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• Is there command-line tool to extract typedef, structure, enumeration, variable, function from a C or C++ file?

  - by FooF

  I am desiring a command-line tool to extract a definition or declaration (typedef, structure, enumeration, variable, or function) from a C or C++ source file. Also a way to replace an existing definition/declaration would be handy (after transforming the extracted definition by a user-submitted script). Is there such generic tool available, or is some resonably close approximation of such a tool? Scriptability and ability to hook-up with user created scripts or programs is of importance here, although I am academically curious of GUI programs too. Open source solutions for Unix/Linux camp are preferred (although I am curious of Windows and OS X tools too). Primary language interests are C and C++ but more generic solution would be even better (I think we do not need super accurate parsing capabilities for finding, extracting and replacing a definition in a program source file). Sample Use Cases (extra - for the curious mind): Given deeply nested structs and variable (array) initializations of these types, suppose there is a need to change a struct definition by adding or reordering fields or rewriting the variable/array definitions in more readable format without introducing errors resulting from manual labor. This would work by extracting the old initializations, then using a script/program to write the new initializations to replace the old ones. For implementing a code browsing tool - extract a definition. Decorative code generation (e.g. logging function entries / returns). Scripted code structuring (e.g. extract this and that thing and put in different place without change - version control commit comment could document the command to perform this operation to make it evident and verifiable that nothing changed). Note about tags: More accurate tag than code-generation would be code-transformation but it does not exist.

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• What new Unicode functions are there in C++0x?

  - by luiscubal

  It has been mentioned in several sources that C++0x will include better language-level support for Unicode(including types and literals). If the language is going to add these new features, it's only natural to assume that the standard library will as well. However, I am currently unable to find any references to the new standard library. I expected to find out the answer for these answers: Does the new library provide standard methods to convert UTF-8 to UTF-16, etc.? Does the new library allowing writing UTF-8 to files, to the console (or from files, from the console). If so, can we use cout or will we need something else? Does the new library include "basic" functionality such as: discovering the byte count and length of a UTF-8 string, converting to upper-case/lower-case(does this consider the influence of locales?) Finally, are any of these functions are available in any popular compilers such as GCC or Visual Studio? I have tried to look for information, but I can't seem to find anything? I am actually starting to think that maybe these things aren't even decided yet(I am aware that C++0x is a work in progress).

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• How to give "Share with" option while opening documents in iphone mail

  - by rishabh

  So I've been going through the "Document Interaction Programming Topics for iOS". I've been able to achieve the "Open with myapp" option through Mail, was wondering how can I change the option to "Share with myapp" depending upon the file types specified? This is what I've tried: <key>CFBundleDocumentTypes</key> <array> <dict> <key>CFBundleTypeName</key> <string>Document</string> <key>LSHandlerRank</key> <string>Alternate</string> <key>CFBundleTypeRole</key> <string>Owner</string> <key>LSItemContentTypes</key> <array> <string>public.data</string> </array> </dict> </array>

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• Is there a Java data structure that is effectively an ArrayList with double indicies and built-in in

  - by Bob Cross

  I am looking for a pre-built Java data structure with the following characteristics: It should look something like an ArrayList but should allow indexing via double-precision rather than integers. Note that this means that it's likely that you'll see indicies that don't line up with the original data points (i.e., asking for the value that corresponds to key "1.5"). As a consequence, the value returned will likely be interpolated. For example, if the key is 1.5, the value returned could be the average of the value at key 1.0 and the value at key 2.0. The keys will be sorted but the values are not ensured to be monotonically increasing. In fact, there's no assurance that the first derivative of the values will be continuous (making it a poor fit for certain types of splines). Freely available code only, please. For clarity, I know how to write such a thing. In fact, we already have an implementation of this and some related data structures in legacy code that I want to replace due to some performance and coding issues. What I'm trying to avoid is spending a lot of time rolling my own solution when there might already be such a thing in the JDK, Apache Commons or another standard library. Frankly, that's exactly the approach that got this legacy code into the situation that it's in right now.... Is there such a thing out there in a freely available library?

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• casting char[][] to char** causes segfault?

  - by Earlz

  Ok my C is a bit rusty but I figured I'd make my next(small) project in C so I could polish back up on it and less than 20 lines in I already have a seg fault. This is my complete code: #define ROWS 4 #define COLS 4 char main_map[ROWS][COLS+1]={ "a.bb", "a.c.", "adc.", ".dc."}; void print_map(char** map){ int i; for(i=0;i<ROWS;i++){ puts(map[i]); //segfault here } } int main(){ print_map(main_map); //if I comment out this line it will work. puts(main_map[3]); return 0; } I am completely confused as to how this is causing a segfault. What is happening when casting from [][] to **!? That is the only warning I get. rushhour.c:23:3: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘print_map’ from incompatible pointer type rushhour.c:13:7: note: expected ‘char **’ but argument is of type ‘char (*)[5]’ Are [][] and ** really not compatible pointer types? They seem like they are just syntax to me.

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• calculating change (over a period) for a dated field

  - by morpheous

  I have two tables with the following schema: CREATE TABLE sales_data ( sales_time date NOT NULL, product_id integer NOT NULL, sales_amt double NOT NULL ); CREATE TABLE date_dimension ( id integer NOT NULL, datestamp date NOT NULL, day_part integer NOT NULL, week_part integer NOT NULL, month_part integer NOT NULL, qtr_part integer NOT NULL, year_part integer NOT NULL, ); I want to write two types of queries that will allow me to calculate: period on period change (e.g. week on week change) change in period on period change (e.g. change in week on week change) I would prefer to write this in ANSI SQL, since I dont want to be tied to any particular db. [Edit] In light of some of the comments, if I have to be tied to a single database (in terms of SQL dialect), it will have to be PostgreSQL The queries I want to write are of the form (pseudo SQL of course): Query Type 1 (Period on Period Change) ======================================= a). select product_id, ((sd2.sales_amt - sd1.sales_amt)/sd1.sales_amt) as week_on_week_change from sales_data sd1, sales_data sd2, date_dimension dd where {SOME CRITERIA) b). select product_id, ((sd2.sales_amt - sd1.sales_amt)/sd1.sales_amt) as month_on_month_change from sales_data sd1, sales_data sd2, date_dimension dd where {SOME CRITERIA) Query Type 2 (Change in Period on Period Change) ================================================= a). select product_id, ((a2.week_on_week_change - a1.week_on_week_change)/a1.week_on_week_change) as change_on_week_on_week_change from (select product_id, ((sd2.sales_amt - sd1.sales_amt)/sd1.sales_amt) as week_on_week_change from sales_data sd1, sales_data sd2, date_dimension dd where {SOME CRITERIA) as a1), (select product_id, ((sd2.sales_amt - sd1.sales_amt)/sd1.sales_amt) as week_on_week_change from sales_data sd1, sales_data sd2, date_dimension dd where {SOME CRITERIA) as a2) WHERE {SOME OTHER CRITERIA}

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• VB.NET Button Issue

  - by Michael

  I am having problem with a button the code of my button is. Private Sub btnCalculateCosts_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnCalculateCosts.Click it handles: ' This Calculate Costs button click event handler edits the ' registration(costs) form to ensure it contains valid data. ' Then, after passing control to the business class, it ' displays the registration cost. Dim objCourse As Course Dim objCourseCostsFile As Course Dim InputError As Boolean = False ' Is student ID entered properly If Me.txtCorporateID.MaskFull = False Then MessageBox.Show("Enter your Corporate ID in the Corporate ID box", _ "Error") Me.txtCorporateID.Clear() Me.txtCorporateID.Focus() InputError = True ' Is student name entered properly ElseIf Me.txtFirstName.TextLength < 1 Or _ Me.txtFirstName.Text < "A" Then MessageBox.Show("Please enter your first name in the First Name box", "Error") Me.txtFirstName.Clear() Me.txtFirstName.Focus() InputError = True ' Is number of units entered properly ElseIf Me.txtLastName.TextLength < 1 Or _ Me.txtLastName.Text < "A" Then MessageBox.Show("Please enter your last name in the Last Name box", "Error") Me.txtLastName.Clear() Me.txtLastName.Focus() InputError = True ' Is number of units entered properly ElseIf Not IsNumeric(Me.txtNumberOfDays.Text) Then MessageBox.Show("Enter the units in the Number of Units box", _ "Error") Me.txtNumberOfDays.Clear() Me.txtNumberOfDays.Focus() InputError = True ' Has 1-4 units been entered ElseIf Convert.ToInt32(Me.txtNumberOfDays.Text) < 1 _ Or Convert.ToInt32(Me.txtNumberOfDays.Text) > 4 Then MessageBox.Show("Units must be 1 - 4", "Error") Me.txtNumberOfDays.Clear() Me.txtNumberOfDays.Focus() InputError = True End If ' If no input error, process the registration costs If Not InputError Then If Me.radPreConferenceCourse.Checked = False Then objCourse = New Course(txtCorporateID.Text, txtFirstName.Text, txtLastName.Text, txtNumberOfDays.Text) Me.lblCosts.Visible = True Me.lblCosts.Text = "Total Conference Costs Are: " _ & (objCourse.ComputeCosts()).ToString("C2") Else objCourse = New Course(txtCorporateID.Text, txtFirstName.Text, txtLastName.Text, txtNumberOfDays.Text, g) Me.lblCosts.Visible = True Me.lblCosts.Text = "Total Conference Costs Are: " _ & (objCourse.ComputeCosts()).ToString("C2") Receiving the error: Handles clause requrieres a WithEvents variable defined in the containing type or one of its base types.

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• How should I map an abstract class with simple xml in Java?

  - by spderosso

  Hi, I want to achieve the following xml using simple xml framework (http://simple.sourceforge.net/): <events> <course-added date="01/01/2010"> ... </course-added> <course-removed date="01/02/2010"> .... </course-removed> <student-enrolled date="01/02/2010"> ... </student-enrolled> </events> I have the following (but it doesn't achieve the desired xml): @Root(name="events") class XMLEvents { @ElementList(inline=true) ArrayList<XMLEvent> events = Lists.newArrayList(); ... } abstract class XMLEvent { @Attribute(name="date") String dateOfEventFormatted; ... } And different type of XMLNodes that have different information (but are all different types of events) @Root(name="course-added") class XMLCourseAdded extends XMLEvent{ @Element(name="course") XMLCourseLongFormat course; .... } @Root(name="course-removed") class XMLCourseRemoved extends XMLEvent { @Element(name="course-id") String courseId; ... } How should I do the mapping or what should I change in order to be able to achieve de desired xml? Thanks!

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• Do I need to using locking against integers in c++ threads

  - by Shane MacLaughlin

  The title says it all really. If I am accessing a single integer type (e.g. long, int, bool, etc...) in multiple threads, do I need to use a synchronisation mechanism such as a mutex to lock them. My understanding is that as atomic types, I don't need to lock access to a single thread, but I see a lot of code out there that does use locking. Profiling such code shows that there is a significant performance hit for using locks, so I'd rather not. So if the item I'm accessing corresponds to a bus width integer (e.g. 4 bytes on a 32 bit processor) do I need to lock access to it when it is being used across multiple threads? Put another way, if thread A is writing to integer variable X at the same time as thread B is reading from the same variable, is it possible that thread B could end up a few bytes of the previous value mixed in with a few bytes of the value being written? Is this architecture dependent, e.g. ok for 4 byte integers on 32 bit systems but unsafe on 8 byte integers on 64 bit systems? Edit: Just saw this related post which helps a fair bit.

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• MDX: Filtering a member set by a measure's table values

  - by oyvinro

  I have some numbers in a fact table, and have generated a measure which use the SUM aggregator to summarize the numbers. But the problem is that I only want to sum the numbers that are higher than, say 10. I tried using a generic expression in the measure definition, and that works of course, but the problem is that I need to be able to dynamically set that value, because it's not always 10, meaning users should be able to select it themselves. More specifically, my current MDX looks like this: WITH SET [Email Measures] AS '{[Measures].[Number Of Answered Cases], [Measures].[Max Expedition Time First In Case], [Measures].[Avg Expedition Times First In Case], [Measures].[Number Of Incoming Email Requests], [Measures].[Avg Number Of Emails In Cases], [Measures].[Avg Expedition Times Total],[Measures].[Number Of Answered Incoming Emails]}' SET [Organizations] AS '{[Organization.Id].[860]}' SET [Operators] AS '{[Operator.Id].[3379],[Operator.Id].[3181]}' SET [Email Accounts] AS '{[Email Account.Id].[6]}' MEMBER [Time.Date].[Date Period] AS Aggregate ({[Time.Date].[2008].[11].[11] :[Time.Date].[2009].[1].[2] }) MEMBER [Email.Type].[Email Types] AS Aggregate ({[Email.Type].[0]}) SELECT {[Email Measures]} ON columns, [Operators] ON rows FROM [Email_Fact] WHERE ( [Time.Date].[Date Period] ) Now, the member in question is the calculated member [Avg Expedition Times Total]. This member takes in two measures; [Sum Expedition Times] and [Nr of Expedition Times] and splits one on the other to get the average, all this presently works. However, I want [Sum Expedition Times] to only summarize values over or under a parameter of my/the user's wish. How do I filter the numbers [Sum Expedition Times] iterates through, rather than filtering on the sum that the measure gives me in the end?

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• Returning JSON or XML for Exceptions in Jersey

  - by Dominic

  My goal is to have an error bean returned on a 404 with a descriptive message when a object is not found, and return the same MIME type that was requested. I have a look up resource, which will return the specified object in XML or JSON based on the URI (I have setup the com.sun.jersey.config.property.resourceConfigClass servlet parameter so I dont need the Accept header. My JAXBContextResolver has the ErrorBean.class in its list of types, and the correct JAXBContext is returned for this class because I can see in the logs). eg: http://foobar.com/rest/locations/1.json @GET @Path("{id}") @Produces({MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, MediaType.APPLICATION_XML}) public Location getCustomer(@PathParam("id") int cId) { //look up location from datastore .... if (location == null) { throw new NotFoundException("Location" + cId + " is not found"); } } And my NotFoundException looks like this: public class NotFoundException extends WebApplicationException { public NotFoundException(String message) { super(Response.status(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND). entity(new ErrorBean( message, Response.Status.NOT_FOUND.getStatusCode() ) .build()); } } The ErrorBean is as follows: @XmlRootElement(name = "error") public class ErrorBean { private String errorMsg; private int errorCode; //no-arg constructor, property constructor, getter and setters ... } However, I'm always getting a 204 No Content response when I try this. I have hacked around, and if I return a string and specify the mime type this works fine: public NotFoundException(String message) { super(Response.status(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND). entity(message).type("text/plain").build()); } I have also tried returning an ErrorBean as a resource. This works fine: {"errorCode":404,"errorMsg":"Location 1 is not found!"}

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• Is this a good way to generically deserialize objects?

  - by Damien Wildfire

  I have a stream onto which serialized objects representing messages are dumped periodically. The objects are one of a very limited number of types, and other than the actual sequence of bytes that arrives, I have no way of knowing what type of message it is. I would like to simply try to deserialize it as an object of a particular type, and if an exception is thrown, try again with the next type. I have an interface that looks like this: public interface IMessageHandler<T> where T : class, IMessage { T Handle(string message); } // elsewhere: // (These are all xsd.exe-generated classes from an XML schema.) public class AppleMessage : IMessage { ... } public class BananaMessage : IMessage { ... } public class CoconutMessage : IMessage { ... } Then I wrote a GenericHandler<T> that looks like this: public class GenericHandler<T> : IMessageHandler<T> where T: class, IMessage { public class MessageHandler : IMessageHandler { T IMessageHandler.Handle(string message) { T result = default(T); try { // This utility method tries to deserialize the object with an // XmlSerializer as if it were an object of type T. result = Utils.SerializationHelper.Deserialize<T>(message); } catch (InvalidCastException e) { result = default(T); } return result; } } } Two questions: Using my GenericHandler<T> (or something similar to it), I'd now like to populate a collection with handlers that each handle a different type. Then I want to invoke each handler's Handle method on a particular message to see if it can be deserialized. If I get a null result, move onto the next handler; otherwise, the message has been deserialized. Can this be done? Is there a better way to deserialize data of unknown (but restricted) type?

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• in haskell, why do I need to specify type constraints, why can't the compiler figure them out?

  - by Steve

  Consider the function, add a b = a + b This works: *Main> add 1 2 3 However, if I add a type signature specifying that I want to add things of the same type: add :: a -> a -> a add a b = a + b I get an error: test.hs:3:10: Could not deduce (Num a) from the context () arising from a use of `+' at test.hs:3:10-14 Possible fix: add (Num a) to the context of the type signature for `add' In the expression: a + b In the definition of `add': add a b = a + b So GHC clearly can deduce that I need the Num type constraint, since it just told me: add :: Num a => a -> a -> a add a b = a + b Works. Why does GHC require me to add the type constraint? If I'm doing generic programming, why can't it just work for anything that knows how to use the + operator? In C++ template programming, you can do this easily: #include <string> #include <cstdio> using namespace std; template<typename T> T add(T a, T b) { return a + b; } int main() { printf("%d, %f, %s\n", add(1, 2), add(1.0, 3.4), add(string("foo"), string("bar")).c_str()); return 0; } The compiler figures out the types of the arguments to add and generates a version of the function for that type. There seems to be a fundamental difference in Haskell's approach, can you describe it, and discuss the trade-offs? It seems to me like it would be resolved if GHC simply filled in the type constraint for me, since it obviously decided it was needed. Still, why the type constraint at all? Why not just compile successfully as long as the function is only used in a valid context where the arguments are in Num? Thank you.

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• Passing a string to a function in C++

  - by Chef Flambe

  I want to pass a string like "Celcius" into a function that I have but I keep getting errors tossed back at me from the Function. System::Console::WriteLine' : none of the 19 overloads could convert all the argument types I figure I just have something simple wrong. Can someone point out my mistake please? Using MS Visual C++ 2010 I've posted the offending code. The other functions (not posted) work fine. void PrintResult( double result, std::string sType ); // Print result and string // to the console //============================================================================================= // start of main //============================================================================================= void main( void ) { ConsoleKeyInfo CFM; // Program Title and Description ProgramDescription(); // Menu Selection and calls to data retrieval/calculation/result Print CFM=ChooseFromMenu(); switch(CFM.KeyChar) // ************************************************************ { //* case '1' : PrintResult(F2C(GetTemperature()),"Celsius"); //* break; //* //* case '2' : PrintResult(C2F(GetTemperature()),"Fahrenheit"); //* break; //* //* default : Console::Write("\n\nSwitch : Case !!!FAILURE!!!"); //* } //************************************************************ system("pause"); return; } //Function void PrintResult( double result, std::string sType ) { Console::WriteLine("\n\nThe converted temperature is {0:F2} degrees {1}\n\n",result,sType); return; }

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• refactoring my code. My headers (Header Guard Issues)

  - by numerical25

  I had a post similar to this awhile ago based on a error I was getting. I was able to fix it but since then I been having trouble doing things because headers keep blocking other headers from using code. Honestly, these headers are confusing me and if anyone has any resources that will address these types of issues, that will be helpful. What I essentially want to do is be able to have rModel.h be included inside RenderEngine.h. every time I add rModel.h to RenderEngine.h, rModel.h is no longer able to use RenderEngine.h. (rModel.h has a #include of RenderEngine.h as well). So in a nutshell, RenderEngine and rModel need to use each others functionalities. On top of all this confusion, the Main.cpp needs to use RenderEngine. stdafx.h #include "targetver.h" #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN // Exclude rarely-used stuff from Windows headers // Windows Header Files: #include <windows.h> // C RunTime Header Files #include <stdlib.h> #include <malloc.h> #include <memory.h> #include <tchar.h> #include "resource.h" main.cpp #include "stdafx.h" #include "RenderEngine.h" #include "rModel.h" // Global Variables: RenderEngine go; rModel *g_pModel; ...code........... rModel.h #ifndef _MODEL_H #define _MODEL_H #include "stdafx.h" #include <vector> #include <string> #include "rTri.h" #include "RenderEngine.h" ........Code RenderEngine.h #pragma once #include "stdafx.h" #include "d3d10.h" #include "d3dx10.h" #include "dinput.h" #include "rModel.h" .......Code......

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• C++ universal data type

  - by Gokul

  I have a universal data type, which is passed by value, but does not maintain the type information. We store only pointers and basic data types(like int, float etc) inside this. Now for the first time, we need to store std::string inside this. So we decided to convert it into std::string* and store it. Then comes the problem of destruction. We don't like to copy the std::string every time. So i am thinking of an approach like this. Say the data type looks like this class Atom { public : enum flags { IS_STRING, IS_EMPTY, HAS_GOT_COPIED, MARKER }; private: void* m_value; std::bitset<MARKER> m_flags; public: ..... Atom( Atom& atm ) { atm.m_flags.set( HAS_GOT_COPIED ); ..... } ..... ~Atom() { if( m_flags.test(IS_STRING) && !m_flags.test(HAS_GOT_COPIED) ) { std::string* val = static_cast<std::string*>(m_value); delete val; } } }; Is this a good approach to find out whether there is no more reference to std::string*? Any comments.. Thanks, Gokul.

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• Most Efficient way to deal with multiple CCSprites?

  - by nardsurfer

  I have four different types of objects within my environment(box2d), each type of object having multiple instances of itself, and would like to find the most efficient way to deal with adding and manipulating all the CCSprites. The sprites are all from different files, so would it be best to create each sprite and add it to a data structure (NSMutableArray) or would I use a CCSpriteBatchNode even though each CCSprite file is different (for each type of object)? Thanks. @interface LevelScene : CCLayer { b2World* world; GLESDebugDraw *m_debugDraw; CCSpriteBatchNode *ballBatch; CCSpriteBatchNode *blockBatch; CCSpriteBatchNode *springBatch; CCSprite *goal; } +(id) scene; // adds a new sprite at a given coordinate -(void) addNewBallWithCoords:(CGPoint)p; // loads the objects (blocks, springs, and the goal), returns the Level Object -(Level) loadLevel:(int)level; @end or using NSMutableArray objects within the Level object... @interface zLevel : zThing { NSMutableArray *springs; NSMutableArray *blocks; NSMutableArray *balls; zGoal *goal; int levelNumber; } @property(nonatomic,retain)NSMutableArray *springs; @property(nonatomic,retain)NSMutableArray *blocks; @property(nonatomic,retain)NSMutableArray *balls; @property(nonatomic,retain)zGoal *goal; @property(nonatomic,assign)int levelNumber; -(void)initWithLevel:(int)level; -(void)loadLevelThings; @end

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