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  • Getting the fractional part of a float without using modf()

    - by knight666
    Hi, I'm developing for a platform without a math library, so I need to build my own tools. My current way of getting the fraction is to convert the float to fixed point (multiply with (float)0xFFFF, cast to int), get only the lower part (mask with 0xFFFF) and convert it back to a float again. However, the imprecision is killing me. I'm using my Frac() and InvFrac() functions to draw an anti-aliased line. Using modf I get a perfectly smooth line. With my own method pixels start jumping around due to precision loss. This is my code: const float fp_amount = (float)(0xFFFF); const float fp_amount_inv = 1.f / fp_amount; inline float Frac(float a_X) { return ((int)(a_X * fp_amount) & 0xFFFF) * fp_amount_inv; } inline float Frac(float a_X) { return (0xFFFF - (int)(a_X * fp_amount) & 0xFFFF) * fp_amount_inv; } Thanks in advance!

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  • database deign advice wanted: double data entry

    - by john
    hi, I'm designing a database for capturing clinical trial data. The data are entered twice by two persons, independently and the results must be matched. What are the best database tools to use to achieve the best results. Any one has similar experiences? Your helps are highly appreciated. thanks.

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  • Mathematics and Game Programming

    - by Xfcn
    I want to program graphical 2D games more complex than the basic 2D stuff I already know. I don't want to do 3D programming. Just more complex 2D stuff. I dropped high school before I could learn a lot of stuff so I walked away with enough algebra knowledge to balance my checkbook and do some light 2D Cartesian programming. Are there any good resources out there for a guy with a limited attention span (say 20 minutes apiece for a subject I'm keenly interested in) to learn, gradually, how to do something more useful with math in programming?

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  • C++ classes use of double colon [duplicate]

    - by user2444217
    This question already has an answer here: What does the :: mean in C++? 5 answers What Does :: Mean? 3 answers I am learning C++. Now I don't fully understand what this does Some_Class::SomeClass { etc... } I would do some research for myself, but I'm not sure where to begin or what's it called. Help would be appreciated.

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  • How I can add JScroll bar to NavigableImagePanel which is an Image panel with an small navigation vi

    - by Sarah Kho
    Hi, I have the following NavigableImagePanel, it is under BSD license and I found it in the web. What I want to do with this panel is as follow: I want to add a JScrollPane to it in order to show images in their full size and let the users to re-center the image using the small navigation panel. Right now, the panel resize the images to fit them in the current panel size. I want it to load the image in its real size and let users to navigate to different parts of the image using the navigation panel. Source code for the panel: import java.awt.AWTEvent; import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Dimension; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Point; import java.awt.Rectangle; import java.awt.RenderingHints; import java.awt.Toolkit; import java.awt.event.ComponentAdapter; import java.awt.event.ComponentEvent; import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter; import java.awt.event.MouseEvent; import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener; import java.awt.event.MouseWheelEvent; import java.awt.event.MouseWheelListener; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Arrays; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JOptionPane; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.SwingUtilities; /** * @author pxt * */ public class NavigableImagePanel extends JPanel { /** * <p>Identifies a change to the zoom level.</p> */ public static final String ZOOM_LEVEL_CHANGED_PROPERTY = "zoomLevel"; /** * <p>Identifies a change to the zoom increment.</p> */ public static final String ZOOM_INCREMENT_CHANGED_PROPERTY = "zoomIncrement"; /** * <p>Identifies that the image in the panel has changed.</p> */ public static final String IMAGE_CHANGED_PROPERTY = "image"; private static final double SCREEN_NAV_IMAGE_FACTOR = 0.15; // 15% of panel's width private static final double NAV_IMAGE_FACTOR = 0.3; // 30% of panel's width private static final double HIGH_QUALITY_RENDERING_SCALE_THRESHOLD = 1.0; private static final Object INTERPOLATION_TYPE = RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR; private double zoomIncrement = 0.2; private double zoomFactor = 1.0 + zoomIncrement; private double navZoomFactor = 1.0 + zoomIncrement; private BufferedImage image; private BufferedImage navigationImage; private int navImageWidth; private int navImageHeight; private double initialScale = 0.0; private double scale = 0.0; private double navScale = 0.0; private int originX = 0; private int originY = 0; private Point mousePosition; private Dimension previousPanelSize; private boolean navigationImageEnabled = true; private boolean highQualityRenderingEnabled = true; private WheelZoomDevice wheelZoomDevice = null; private ButtonZoomDevice buttonZoomDevice = null; /** * <p>Defines zoom devices.</p> */ public static class ZoomDevice { /** * <p>Identifies that the panel does not implement zooming, * but the component using the panel does (programmatic zooming method).</p> */ public static final ZoomDevice NONE = new ZoomDevice("none"); /** * <p>Identifies the left and right mouse buttons as the zooming device.</p> */ public static final ZoomDevice MOUSE_BUTTON = new ZoomDevice("mouseButton"); /** * <p>Identifies the mouse scroll wheel as the zooming device.</p> */ public static final ZoomDevice MOUSE_WHEEL = new ZoomDevice("mouseWheel"); private String zoomDevice; private ZoomDevice(String zoomDevice) { this.zoomDevice = zoomDevice; } public String toString() { return zoomDevice; } } //This class is required for high precision image coordinates translation. private class Coords { public double x; public double y; public Coords(double x, double y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } public int getIntX() { return (int)Math.round(x); } public int getIntY() { return (int)Math.round(y); } public String toString() { return "[Coords: x=" + x + ",y=" + y + "]"; } } private class WheelZoomDevice implements MouseWheelListener { public void mouseWheelMoved(MouseWheelEvent e) { Point p = e.getPoint(); boolean zoomIn = (e.getWheelRotation() < 0); if (isInNavigationImage(p)) { if (zoomIn) { navZoomFactor = 1.0 + zoomIncrement; } else { navZoomFactor = 1.0 - zoomIncrement; } zoomNavigationImage(); } else if (isInImage(p)) { if (zoomIn) { zoomFactor = 1.0 + zoomIncrement; } else { zoomFactor = 1.0 - zoomIncrement; } zoomImage(); } } } private class ButtonZoomDevice extends MouseAdapter { public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { Point p = e.getPoint(); if (SwingUtilities.isRightMouseButton(e)) { if (isInNavigationImage(p)) { navZoomFactor = 1.0 - zoomIncrement; zoomNavigationImage(); } else if (isInImage(p)) { zoomFactor = 1.0 - zoomIncrement; zoomImage(); } } else { if (isInNavigationImage(p)) { navZoomFactor = 1.0 + zoomIncrement; zoomNavigationImage(); } else if (isInImage(p)) { zoomFactor = 1.0 + zoomIncrement; zoomImage(); } } } } /** * <p>Creates a new navigable image panel with no default image and * the mouse scroll wheel as the zooming device.</p> */ public NavigableImagePanel() { setOpaque(false); addComponentListener(new ComponentAdapter() { public void componentResized(ComponentEvent e) { if (scale > 0.0) { if (isFullImageInPanel()) { centerImage(); } else if (isImageEdgeInPanel()) { scaleOrigin(); } if (isNavigationImageEnabled()) { createNavigationImage(); } repaint(); } previousPanelSize = getSize(); } }); addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() { public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { if (SwingUtilities.isLeftMouseButton(e)) { if (isInNavigationImage(e.getPoint())) { Point p = e.getPoint(); displayImageAt(p); } } } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){ if (e.getClickCount() == 2) { resetImage(); } } }); addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionListener() { public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) { if (SwingUtilities.isLeftMouseButton(e) && !isInNavigationImage(e.getPoint())) { Point p = e.getPoint(); moveImage(p); } } public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) { //we need the mouse position so that after zooming //that position of the image is maintained mousePosition = e.getPoint(); } }); setZoomDevice(ZoomDevice.MOUSE_WHEEL); } /** * <p>Creates a new navigable image panel with the specified image * and the mouse scroll wheel as the zooming device.</p> */ public NavigableImagePanel(BufferedImage image) throws IOException { this(); setImage(image); } private void addWheelZoomDevice() { if (wheelZoomDevice == null) { wheelZoomDevice = new WheelZoomDevice(); addMouseWheelListener(wheelZoomDevice); } } private void addButtonZoomDevice() { if (buttonZoomDevice == null) { buttonZoomDevice = new ButtonZoomDevice(); addMouseListener(buttonZoomDevice); } } private void removeWheelZoomDevice() { if (wheelZoomDevice != null) { removeMouseWheelListener(wheelZoomDevice); wheelZoomDevice = null; } } private void removeButtonZoomDevice() { if (buttonZoomDevice != null) { removeMouseListener(buttonZoomDevice); buttonZoomDevice = null; } } /** * <p>Sets a new zoom device.</p> * * @param newZoomDevice specifies the type of a new zoom device. */ public void setZoomDevice(ZoomDevice newZoomDevice) { if (newZoomDevice == ZoomDevice.NONE) { removeWheelZoomDevice(); removeButtonZoomDevice(); } else if (newZoomDevice == ZoomDevice.MOUSE_BUTTON) { removeWheelZoomDevice(); addButtonZoomDevice(); } else if (newZoomDevice == ZoomDevice.MOUSE_WHEEL) { removeButtonZoomDevice(); addWheelZoomDevice(); } } /** * <p>Gets the current zoom device.</p> */ public ZoomDevice getZoomDevice() { if (buttonZoomDevice != null) { return ZoomDevice.MOUSE_BUTTON; } else if (wheelZoomDevice != null) { return ZoomDevice.MOUSE_WHEEL; } else { return ZoomDevice.NONE; } } //Called from paintComponent() when a new image is set. private void initializeParams() { double xScale = (double)getWidth() / image.getWidth(); double yScale = (double)getHeight() / image.getHeight(); initialScale = Math.min(xScale, yScale); scale = initialScale; //An image is initially centered centerImage(); if (isNavigationImageEnabled()) { createNavigationImage(); } } //Centers the current image in the panel. private void centerImage() { originX = (int)(getWidth() - getScreenImageWidth()) / 2; originY = (int)(getHeight() - getScreenImageHeight()) / 2; } //Creates and renders the navigation image in the upper let corner of the panel. private void createNavigationImage() { //We keep the original navigation image larger than initially //displayed to allow for zooming into it without pixellation effect. navImageWidth = (int)(getWidth() * NAV_IMAGE_FACTOR); navImageHeight = navImageWidth * image.getHeight() / image.getWidth(); int scrNavImageWidth = (int)(getWidth() * SCREEN_NAV_IMAGE_FACTOR); int scrNavImageHeight = scrNavImageWidth * image.getHeight() / image.getWidth(); navScale = (double)scrNavImageWidth / navImageWidth; navigationImage = new BufferedImage(navImageWidth, navImageHeight, image.getType()); Graphics g = navigationImage.getGraphics(); g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, navImageWidth, navImageHeight, null); } /** * <p>Sets an image for display in the panel.</p> * * @param image an image to be set in the panel */ public void setImage(BufferedImage image) { BufferedImage oldImage = this.image; this.image = image; //Reset scale so that initializeParameters() is called in paintComponent() //for the new image. scale = 0.0; firePropertyChange(IMAGE_CHANGED_PROPERTY, (Image)oldImage, (Image)image); repaint(); } /** * <p>resets an image to the centre of the panel</p> * */ public void resetImage() { BufferedImage oldImage = this.image; this.image = image; //Reset scale so that initializeParameters() is called in paintComponent() //for the new image. scale = 0.0; firePropertyChange(IMAGE_CHANGED_PROPERTY, (Image)oldImage, (Image)image); repaint(); } /** * <p>Tests whether an image uses the standard RGB color space.</p> */ public static boolean isStandardRGBImage(BufferedImage bImage) { return bImage.getColorModel().getColorSpace().isCS_sRGB(); } //Converts this panel's coordinates into the original image coordinates private Coords panelToImageCoords(Point p) { return new Coords((p.x - originX) / scale, (p.y - originY) / scale); } //Converts the original image coordinates into this panel's coordinates private Coords imageToPanelCoords(Coords p) { return new Coords((p.x * scale) + originX, (p.y * scale) + originY); } //Converts the navigation image coordinates into the zoomed image coordinates private Point navToZoomedImageCoords(Point p) { int x = p.x * getScreenImageWidth() / getScreenNavImageWidth(); int y = p.y * getScreenImageHeight() / getScreenNavImageHeight(); return new Point(x, y); } //The user clicked within the navigation image and this part of the image //is displayed in the panel. //The clicked point of the image is centered in the panel. private void displayImageAt(Point p) { Point scrImagePoint = navToZoomedImageCoords(p); originX = -(scrImagePoint.x - getWidth() / 2); originY = -(scrImagePoint.y - getHeight() / 2); repaint(); } //Tests whether a given point in the panel falls within the image boundaries. private boolean isInImage(Point p) { Coords coords = panelToImageCoords(p); int x = coords.getIntX(); int y = coords.getIntY(); return (x >= 0 && x < image.getWidth() && y >= 0 && y < image.getHeight()); } //Tests whether a given point in the panel falls within the navigation image //boundaries. private boolean isInNavigationImage(Point p) { return (isNavigationImageEnabled() && p.x < getScreenNavImageWidth() && p.y < getScreenNavImageHeight()); } //Used when the image is resized. private boolean isImageEdgeInPanel() { if (previousPanelSize == null) { return false; } return (originX > 0 && originX < previousPanelSize.width || originY > 0 && originY < previousPanelSize.height); } //Tests whether the image is displayed in its entirety in the panel. private boolean isFullImageInPanel() { return (originX >= 0 && (originX + getScreenImageWidth()) < getWidth() && originY >= 0 && (originY + getScreenImageHeight()) < getHeight()); } /** * <p>Indicates whether the high quality rendering feature is enabled.</p> * * @return true if high quality rendering is enabled, false otherwise. */ public boolean isHighQualityRenderingEnabled() { return highQualityRenderingEnabled; } /** * <p>Enables/disables high quality rendering.</p> * * @param enabled enables/disables high quality rendering */ public void setHighQualityRenderingEnabled(boolean enabled) { highQualityRenderingEnabled = enabled; } //High quality rendering kicks in when when a scaled image is larger //than the original image. In other words, //when image decimation stops and interpolation starts. private boolean isHighQualityRendering() { return (highQualityRenderingEnabled && scale > HIGH_QUALITY_RENDERING_SCALE_THRESHOLD); } /** * <p>Indicates whether navigation image is enabled.<p> * * @return true when navigation image is enabled, false otherwise. */ public boolean isNavigationImageEnabled() { return navigationImageEnabled; } /** * <p>Enables/disables navigation with the navigation image.</p> * <p>Navigation image should be disabled when custom, programmatic navigation * is implemented.</p> * * @param enabled true when navigation image is enabled, false otherwise. */ public void setNavigationImageEnabled(boolean enabled) { navigationImageEnabled = enabled; repaint(); } //Used when the panel is resized private void scaleOrigin() { originX = originX * getWidth() / previousPanelSize.width; originY = originY * getHeight() / previousPanelSize.height; repaint(); } //Converts the specified zoom level to scale. private double zoomToScale(double zoom) { return initialScale * zoom; } /** * <p>Gets the current zoom level.</p> * * @return the current zoom level */ public double getZoom() { return scale / initialScale; } /** * <p>Sets the zoom level used to display the image.</p> * <p>This method is used in programmatic zooming. The zooming center is * the point of the image closest to the center of the panel. * After a new zoom level is set the image is repainted.</p> * * @param newZoom the zoom level used to display this panel's image. */ public void setZoom(double newZoom) { Point zoomingCenter = new Point(getWidth() / 2, getHeight() / 2); setZoom(newZoom, zoomingCenter); } /** * <p>Sets the zoom level used to display the image, and the zooming center, * around which zooming is done.</p> * <p>This method is used in programmatic zooming. * After a new zoom level is set the image is repainted.</p> * * @param newZoom the zoom level used to display this panel's image. */ public void setZoom(double newZoom, Point zoomingCenter) { Coords imageP = panelToImageCoords(zoomingCenter); if (imageP.x < 0.0) { imageP.x = 0.0; } if (imageP.y < 0.0) { imageP.y = 0.0; } if (imageP.x >= image.getWidth()) { imageP.x = image.getWidth() - 1.0; } if (imageP.y >= image.getHeight()) { imageP.y = image.getHeight() - 1.0; } Coords correctedP = imageToPanelCoords(imageP); double oldZoom = getZoom(); scale = zoomToScale(newZoom); Coords panelP = imageToPanelCoords(imageP); originX += (correctedP.getIntX() - (int)panelP.x); originY += (correctedP.getIntY() - (int)panelP.y); firePropertyChange(ZOOM_LEVEL_CHANGED_PROPERTY, new Double(oldZoom), new Double(getZoom())); repaint(); } /** * <p>Gets the current zoom increment.</p> * * @return the current zoom increment */ public double getZoomIncrement() { return zoomIncrement; } /** * <p>Sets a new zoom increment value.</p> * * @param newZoomIncrement new zoom increment value */ public void setZoomIncrement(double newZoomIncrement) { double oldZoomIncrement = zoomIncrement; zoomIncrement = newZoomIncrement; firePropertyChange(ZOOM_INCREMENT_CHANGED_PROPERTY, new Double(oldZoomIncrement), new Double(zoomIncrement)); } //Zooms an image in the panel by repainting it at the new zoom level. //The current mouse position is the zooming center. private void zoomImage() { Coords imageP = panelToImageCoords(mousePosition); double oldZoom = getZoom(); scale *= zoomFactor; Coords panelP = imageToPanelCoords(imageP); originX += (mousePosition.x - (int)panelP.x); originY += (mousePosition.y - (int)panelP.y); firePropertyChange(ZOOM_LEVEL_CHANGED_PROPERTY, new Double(oldZoom), new Double(getZoom())); repaint(); } //Zooms the navigation image private void zoomNavigationImage() { navScale *= navZoomFactor; repaint(); } /** * <p>Gets the image origin.</p> * <p>Image origin is defined as the upper, left corner of the image in * the panel's coordinate system.</p> * @return the point of the upper, left corner of the image in the panel's coordinates * system. */ public Point getImageOrigin() { return new Point(originX, originY); } /** * <p>Sets the image origin.</p> * <p>Image origin is defined as the upper, left corner of the image in * the panel's coordinate system. After a new origin is set, the image is repainted. * This method is used for programmatic image navigation.</p>

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  • G++, compiler warnings, c++ templates

    - by Ian
    During the compilatiion of the C++ program those warnings appeared: c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../../../include/c++/3.4.5/bc:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../../../include/c++/3.4.5/bits/stl_algo.h:2317: instantiated from `void std::partial_sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Object<double>**, std::vector<Object<double>*, std::allocator<Object<double>*> > >, _Compare = sortObjects<double>]' c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../../../include/c++/3.4.5/bits/stl_algo.h:2506: instantiated from `void std::__introsort_loop(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Size, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Object<double>**, std::vector<Object<double>*, std::allocator<Object<double>*> > >, _Size = int, _Compare = sortObjects<double>]' c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../../../include/c++/3.4.5/bits/stl_algo.h:2589: instantiated from `void std::sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Object<double>**, std::vector<Object<double>*, std::allocator<Object<double>*> > >, _Compare = sortObjects<double>]' io/../structures/objects/../../algorithm/analysis/../../structures/list/ObjectsList.hpp:141: instantiated from `void ObjectsList <T>::sortObjects(unsigned int, T, T, T, T, unsigned int) [with T = double]' I do not why, because all objects have only template parameter T, their local variables are also T. The only place, where I am using double is main. There are objects of type double creating and adding into the ObjectsList... Object <double> o1; ObjectsList <double> olist; olist.push_back(o1); .... T xmin = ..., ymin = ..., xmax = ..., ymax = ...; unsigned int n = ...; olist.sortAllObjects(xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax, n); and comparator template <class T> class sortObjects { private: unsigned int n; T xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax; public: sortObjects ( const T xmin_, const T ymin_, const T xmax_, const T ymax_, const int n_ ) : xmin ( xmin_ ), ymin ( ymin_ ), xmax ( xmax_ ), ymax ( ymax_ ), n ( n_ ) {} bool operator() ( const Object <T> *o1, const Object <T> *o2 ) const { T dmax = (std::max) ( xmax - xmin, ymax - ymin ); T x_max = ( xmax - xmin ) / dmax; T y_max = ( ymax - ymin ) / dmax; ... return ....; } representing ObjectsList method: template <class T> void ObjectsList <T> ::sortAllObjects ( const T xmin, const T ymin, const T xmax, const T ymax, const unsigned int n ) { std::sort ( objects.begin(), objects.end(), sortObjects <T> ( xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax, n ) ); }

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  • Indexing with pointer C/C++

    - by Leavenotrace
    Hey I'm trying to write a program to carry out newtons method and find the roots of the equation exp(-x)-(x^2)+3. It works in so far as finding the root, but I also want it to print out the root after each iteration but I can't get it to work, Could anyone point out my mistake I think its something to do with my indexing? Thanks a million :) #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> #include <malloc.h> //Define Functions: double evalf(double x) { double answer=exp(-x)-(x*x)+3; return(answer); } double evalfprime(double x) { double answer=-exp(-x)-2*x; return(answer); } double *newton(double initialrt,double accuracy,double *data) { double root[102]; data=root; int maxit = 0; root[0] = initialrt; for (int i=1;i<102;i++) { *(data+i)=*(data+i-1)-evalf(*(data+i-1))/evalfprime(*(data+i-1)); if(fabs(*(data+i)-*(data+i-1))<accuracy) { maxit=i; break; } maxit=i; } if((maxit+1==102)&&(fabs(*(data+maxit)-*(data+maxit-1))>accuracy)) { printf("\nMax iteration reached, method terminated"); } else { printf("\nMethod successful"); printf("\nNumber of iterations: %d\nRoot Estimate: %lf\n",maxit+1,*(data+maxit)); } return(data); } int main() { double root,accuracy; double *data=(double*)malloc(sizeof(double)*102); printf("NEWTONS METHOD PROGRAMME:\nEquation: f(x)=exp(-x)-x^2+3=0\nMax No iterations=100\n\nEnter initial root estimate\n>> "); scanf("%lf",&root); _flushall(); printf("\nEnter accuracy required:\n>>"); scanf("%lf",&accuracy); *data= *newton(root,accuracy,data); printf("Iteration Root Error\n "); printf("%d %lf \n", 0,*(data)); for(int i=1;i<102;i++) { printf("%d %5.5lf %5.5lf\n", i,*(data+i),*(data+i)-*(data+i-1)); if(*(data+i*sizeof(double))-*(data+i*sizeof(double)-1)==0) { break; } } getchar(); getchar(); free(data); return(0); }

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  • Floating point arithmetic is too reliable.

    - by mcoolbeth
    I understand that floating point arithmetic as performed in modern computer systems is not always consistent with real arithmetic. I am trying to contrive a small C# program to demonstrate this. eg: static void Main(string[] args) { double x = 0, y = 0; x += 20013.8; x += 20012.7; y += 10016.4; y += 30010.1; Console.WriteLine("Result: "+ x + " " + y + " " + (x==y)); Console.Write("Press any key to continue . . . "); Console.ReadKey(true); } However, in this case, x and y are equal in the end. Is it possible for me to demonstrate the inconsistency of floating point arithmetic using a program of similar complexity, and without using any really crazy numbers? I would like, if possible, to avoid mathematically correct values that go more than a few places beyond the decimal point.

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  • Conversion of pointer-to-pointer between derived and base classes?

    - by Mike Mueller
    Regarding the following C++ program: class Base { }; class Child : public Base { }; int main() { // Normal: using child as base is allowed Child *c = new Child(); Base *b = c; // Double pointers: apparently can't use Child** as Base** Child **cc = &c; Base **bb = cc; return 0; } GCC produces the following error on the last assignment statement: error: invalid conversion from ‘Child**’ to ‘Base**’ My question is in two parts: Why is there no implicit conversion from Child** to Base**? I can make this example work with a C-style cast or a reinterpret_cast. Using these casts means throwing away all type safety. Is there anything I can add to the class definitions to make these pointers cast implicitly, or at least phrase the conversion in a way that allows me to use static_cast instead?

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  • Reducing decimal places in Delphi

    - by Hendriksen123
    I am storing a list of numbers (as Double) in a text file, then reading them out again. When I read them out of the text file however, the numbers are placed into the text box as 1.59993499 for example, instead of 1.6. AssignFile(Pipe, 'EconomicData.data'); Reset(Pipe); For i := 1 to 15 Do ReadLn(Pipe, SavedValue[i]); CloseFile(Pipe); Edit1.Text := FloatToStr(SavedValue[1]); The text in Edit1.text, from the code above, would be 1.59999... instead of the 1.6 in the text file. How can i make it so the text box displays the original value (1.6)?

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  • PHP/MySQL won't update decimal field

    - by Serhiy
    I have this query: UPDATE table_name SET field_1 = field_1 +100, field_2 = field_2 +100, field_3 = field_3 +100 WHERE id = 1 LIMIT 1; Where Field_1 is regular integer, Field_2 is decimal(15,6) and Field_3 is double(15,6). When I run this query from php script they update just field_1 and nothing happen with field_2 and field_3 they just stay as before. But when I run in phpMyAdmin it's work without any problems. I'm tried to lock tables, make round() before run update, nothing help. Please help... why I can't update decimal and float fields from php? PHP version: 5.2 Mysql version 5

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  • C++: Comparing list of doubles with some invalid values (QNAN)

    - by J.M.
    Hello, i need to compare two std::list < double , but some doubles may be invalid numbers (QNAN). If any invalid numbers are list entries the compare process won't work, because a comparison of the same invalid value will always result in 'false'. What is the easiest and most elegant way to solve the problem? My idea was to create copies of both lists, iterate through them and remove invalid values and then compare the remaining lists. The lists will typically have 20-50 values in them. Is there a more resource friendly way to solve it?

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  • Accessing appropriate array of double arrays in order of last created.

    - by Zach
    I have an array of double arrays, they are within a specified time window (8am-5pm), and are in order of last created over a period of several days. They are all timestamped and as such I have access to all C# DateTime methods. I then have a different iterative function that goes in the same order of the array of double arrays, however it isn't within a specified time window, it's 24/7. I want to access from this iterative function, the appropriate double array from the one within the window. Let's say that it's 4:30PM on DayOfYear 52, I'd like to access the last double array less than or equal to 4:30PM on DayOfYear 52. I'd expect the same double array if the time were 12:30AM on DayOfYear 53. However, if it were 9:00 AM of DayOfYear 53, well then I'd expect it to return something from the DayOfYear 53, less than or equal to 9:00AM. I think you get the idea. So I'm a having a bit of trouble grokking how to do this. Is anyone willing to offer a starting point or how they'd approach it? Edit: It is not a literal double[][], it is exactly as Anthony Pegram says: Dictionary<DateTime, double[]>

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  • How create new array which subtracts values from 2 double arrays in C#?

    - by Tomek eM
    Helou it's my problem, I have 2 array which have double values: (this is function which get back values(latitude) from richTextBox) private Tuple<double>[] szerokosc(string[] lines) { return Array.ConvertAll(lines, line => { string[] elems = line.Split(','); double we = 0.01 * double.Parse(elems[3], EnglishCulture); int stopnie = (int)we; double minuty = ((we - stopnie) * 100) / 60; double szerokosc_dziesietna = stopnie + minuty; return new Tuple<double>(Math.Round(szerokosc_dziesietna, (int)numericUpDown2.Value)); }); ; } (this part of code call function) var data1 = szerokosc(szerdlugeo_diag_gps.Lines); var data2 = szerokosc(szerdlugeo_diag_gpsglonass.Lines); What should I do, to get something like this: for example: var data3 = data1 - data2; My values in this data looks like (f.e.) data1 = (x11, x12, ... x1(n) ): 53.11818160073043, 53.11816348903661, 53.11814874695463, ... data2 = (x21, x22, ... x(2n) ): 53.11814200771546, 53.118131477652156, 53.11812263239697, 53.11811884157276, 53.11811631435644, .... I would like back data3 = (x31=x11-x21, x32=x12=x22, ... x(3n)=x(1n)-x(2n) ) It would be good if it included the following condition: if data1 = ( 1, 5, 6, 8) data2 = (1.5, 3.3) data3 = (-0.5, 1.7) not data3 = (-0.5, 1.7, 6, 8) Please help.

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  • Fast ceiling of an integer division in C / C++

    - by andand
    Given integer values x and y, C and C++ returns as the quotient q = x/y the floor of the floating point valued equivalent. I'm interestd in a method of returning the ceiling instead? For example, ceil(10/5) = 2 and ceil(11/5) = 3. The obvious approach involves something like: q = x / y; if (q * y < x) ++q; This requires an extra comparison and multiplication; and other methods I've seen (used in fact) involve casting as a float or double. Is there a more direct method that avoids the additional multiplication (or a second division) and branch, and that also avoids casting as a floating point number?

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  • C# newbie problem with variable types

    - by ile
    int newWidth = 100; int newHeight = 100; double ratio = 0; if (img1.Width > img1.Height) { ratio = img1.Width / img1.Height; newHeight = (int)(newHeight / ratio); } else { ratio = img1.Height / img1.Width; newWidth = (int)(newWidth / ratio); } Image bmp1 = img1.GetThumbnailImage(newWidth, newHeight, null, IntPtr.Zero); bmp1.Save(Server.MapPath("~/Uploads/Photos/Thumbnails/") + photo.PhotoID + ".jpg"); I always get Image with both height and width having same values (100) I am obiously doing something wrong with type conversion?

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  • Can a real number "cover" all integers within its range?

    - by macias
    Is there a guarantee that a real number (float, double, etc) can "cover" all integers within its range? By cover I mean, that for every integer within its range there is such real number that this equality holds: real == int Or in another example, let's say I have the biggest real number which is smaller than given integer. When I add "epsilon" will I get this number equal to given integer or bigger than integer? (I know that among real numbers you should not write comparisons as == for equality, I am simply asking for better understanding subject, not for coding comparisons.)

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  • log (1-var) operation in C

    - by heike
    I am trying to code this algorithm. I am stuck in the part of log((1.0-u)/u))/beta; As I understand, I can not get the result of this in C, as it will always return me with negative value log (returning imaginary value). Tried to print the result of log(1-5) for instance, it gives me with Nan. How can I get the result of double x = (alpha - log((1.0-u)/u))/beta then? Would appreciate for any pointers to solve this problem. Thank you

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  • C Different answers for a variable when running 'Debug' and 'Start without debug'

    - by Craz
    I keep getting this weird output from my code everytime I use the 'start without degugging' (ctrl-F5) as opposed to normal 'debug' (F5). When I try to find the following value of norm_differnece in debug (pressing F5) mode, it gives me the correct answer for norm_difference normdifference = 1.000000 but in 'start without debugging' (pressing ctrl-f5) the wrong output normdifference = 1456816083547664100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.000000 The following is a segment of code which is gives the output Note: X[] = is a array of stored DOUBLE values for(i=0;i<n;i++){ sum_difference += (pow((X[i*n]-X[i]),2)); } norm_difference = sqrt(norm_difference); for(i=0;i<n;i++){ sum_norm_1 += pow(X[i],2); } norm_1 = sqrt(norm_1); //Take square root of the sum of squares for the row printf("normdifference = %f \n norm_1 = %f \n",norm_difference,norm_1);

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  • Mathematically Find Max Value without Conditional Comparison

    - by Cnich
    ----------Updated ------------ codymanix and moonshadow have been a big help thus far. I was able to solve my problem using the equations and instead of using right shift I divided by 29. Because with 32bits signed 2^31 = overflows to 29. Which works! Prototype in PHP $r = $x - (($x - $y) & (($x - $y) / (29))); Actual code for LEADS (you can only do one math function PER LINE!!! AHHHH!!!) DERIVDE1 = IMAGE1 - IMAGE2; DERIVED2 = DERIVED1 / 29; DERIVED3 = DERIVED1 AND DERIVED2; MAX = IMAGE1 - DERIVED3; ----------Original Question----------- I don't think this is quite possible with my application's limitations but I figured it's worth a shot to ask. I'll try to make this simple. I need to find the max values between two numbers without being able to use a IF or any conditional statement. In order to find the the MAX values I can only perform the following functions Divide, Multiply, Subtract, Add, NOT, AND ,OR Let's say I have two numbers A = 60; B = 50; Now if A is always greater than B it would be simple to find the max value MAX = (A - B) + B; ex. 10 = (60 - 50) 10 + 50 = 60 = MAX Problem is A is not always greater than B. I cannot perform ABS, MAX, MIN or conditional checks with the scripting applicaiton I am using. Is there any way possible using the limited operation above to find a value VERY close to the max?

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  • Learning AES: the KeyBytes

    - by Tom Brito
    I got the following example from here: import java.security.Security; import javax.crypto.Cipher; import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec; public class MainClass { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Security.addProvider(new org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider()); byte[] input = "www.java2s.com".getBytes(); byte[] keyBytes = new byte[] { 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17 }; SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES"); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS7Padding", "BC"); System.out.println(new String(input)); // encryption pass cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key); byte[] cipherText = new byte[cipher.getOutputSize(input.length)]; int ctLength = cipher.update(input, 0, input.length, cipherText, 0); ctLength += cipher.doFinal(cipherText, ctLength); System.out.println(new String(cipherText)); System.out.println(ctLength); // decryption pass cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key); byte[] plainText = new byte[cipher.getOutputSize(ctLength)]; int ptLength = cipher.update(cipherText, 0, ctLength, plainText, 0); ptLength += cipher.doFinal(plainText, ptLength); System.out.println(new String(plainText)); System.out.println(ptLength); } } I imagine that the byte[] keyBytes should be random generated, so I gone to test the max size before do it. When adding one more byte 0x18 to the array, the exception raised: InvalidKeyException: Key length not 128/192/256 bits. But the original 18 bytes (from 0 to 17) are not multiple of nither 128, 192 or 256. I would like to understand the math here.. can anyone explain me? Thanks!

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  • A function where small changes in input always result in large changes in output

    - by snowlord
    I would like an algorithm for a function that takes n integers and returns one integer. For small changes in the input, the resulting integer should vary greatly. Even though I've taken a number of courses in math, I have not used that knowledge very much and now I need some help... An important property of this function should be that if it is used with coordinate pairs as input and the result is plotted (as a grayscale value for example) on an image, any repeating patterns should only be visible if the image is very big. I have experimented with various algorithms for pseudo-random numbers with little success and finally it struck me that md5 almost meets my criteria, except that it is not for numbers (at least not from what I know). That resulted in something like this Python prototype (for n = 2, it could easily be changed to take a list of integers of course): import hashlib def uniqnum(x, y): return int(hashlib.md5(str(x) + ',' + str(y)).hexdigest()[-6:], 16) But obviously it feels wrong to go over strings when both input and output are integers. What would be a good replacement for this implementation (in pseudo-code, python, or whatever language)?

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  • How to create a magic square in PHP?

    - by TerranRich
    I'd like to try my hand at creating a Magic Square in PHP (i.e. a grid of numbers that all add up to the same value), but I really don't know where to start. I know of the many methods that create magic square, such as starting "1" at a fixed position, then moving in a specific direction with each iteration. But that doesn't create a truly randomized Magic Square, which is what I'm aiming for. I want to be able to generate an N-by-N Magic Square of N² numbers where each row and column adds up to N(N²+1)/2 (e.g. a 5x5 square where all rows/columns add up to 65 — the diagonals don't matter). Can anybody provide a starting point? I don't want anybody to do the work for me, I just need to know how to start such a project? I know of one generator, written in Java (http://www.dr-mikes-math-games-for-kids.com/how-to-make-a-magic-square.html) but the last Java experience I had was over 10 years ago before I quickly abandoned it. Therefore, I don't really understand what the code is actually doing. I did notice, however, that when you generate a new square, it shows the numbers 1-25 (for a 5x5 square), in order, before quickly generating a fresh randomized square.

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  • php calculate float HELP!!

    - by apis17
    help!! i have weird math calculation here. hope someone will explain. $a = 1.85/100; $b = 1.5/100; $c = 1.1/100; $d = 0.4/100; $e = 0.4/100; $f = 0.4/100; $g = 0.4/100; $h = $a + $b + $c + $d + $e + $f + $g; echo $h*100 ."<br>"; $i = $h-$a; $i = $i-$b; $i = $i-$c; $i = $i-$d; $i = $i-$e; $i = $i-$f; $i = $i-$g; echo $i; last $i value should be 0 but it returns 6.93889390391E-18

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