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  • Should I be using a game engine?

    - by Kyle
    I'm an experienced programmer, but I'm completely new to making games. I'm thinking of making an iPhone game that is similar to a 2d tower defense type game. In the web programming world, it would be a big waste of time to make a website without using some sort of web framework (eg ruby on rails). Is that the same for making games? Do people mostly use some sort of framework/game engine for making a game? If so, what are the popular ones for iOS?

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  • Lag compensation with networked 2D games

    - by Milo
    I want to make a 2D game that is basically a physics driven sandbox / activity game. There is something I really do not understand though. From research, it seems like updates from the server should only be about every 100ms. I can see how this works for a player since they can just concurrently simulate physics and do lag compensation through interpolation. What I do not understand is how this works for updates from other players. If clients only get notified of player positions every 100ms, I do not see how that works because a lot can happen in 100ms. The player could have changed direction twice or so in that time. I was wondering if anyone would have some insight on this issue. Basically how does this work for shooting and stuff like that? Thanks

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  • Having trouble with pathfinding

    - by user2144536
    I'm trying to implement pathfinding in a game I'm programming using this method. I'm implementing it with recursion but some of the values after the immediate circle of tiles around the player are way off. For some reason I cannot find the problem with it. This is a screen cap of the problem: The pathfinding values are displayed in the center of every tile. Clipped blocks are displayed with the value of 'c' because the values were too high and were covering up the next value. The red circle is the first value that is incorrect. The code below is the recursive method. //tileX is the coordinates of the current tile, val is the current pathfinding value, used[][] is a boolean //array to keep track of which tiles' values have already been assigned public void pathFind(int tileX, int tileY, int val, boolean[][] used) { //increment pathfinding value int curVal = val + 1; //set current tile to true if it hasn't been already used[tileX][tileY] = true; //booleans to know which tiles the recursive call needs to be used on boolean topLeftUsed = false, topUsed = false, topRightUsed = false, leftUsed = false, rightUsed = false, botomLeftUsed = false, botomUsed = false, botomRightUsed = false; //set value of top left tile if necessary if(tileX - 1 >= 0 && tileY - 1 >= 0) { //isClipped(int x, int y) returns true if the coordinates givin are in a tile that can't be walked through (IE walls) //occupied[][] is an array that keeps track of which tiles have an enemy in them // //if the tile is not clipped and not occupied set the pathfinding value if(isClipped((tileX - 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY - 1) * 50 + 25) == false && occupied[tileX - 1][tileY - 1] == false && !(used[tileX - 1][tileY - 1])) { pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY - 1] = curVal; topLeftUsed = true; used[tileX - 1][tileY - 1] = true; } //if it is occupied set it to an arbitrary high number so enemies find alternate routes if the best is clogged if(occupied[tileX - 1][tileY - 1] == true) pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY - 1] = 1000000000; //if it is clipped set it to an arbitrary higher number so enemies don't travel through walls if(isClipped((tileX - 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY - 1) * 50 + 25) == true) pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY - 1] = 2000000000; } //top middle if(tileY - 1 >= 0 ) { if(isClipped(tileX * 50 + 25, (tileY - 1) * 50 + 25) == false && occupied[tileX][tileY - 1] == false && !(used[tileX][tileY - 1])) { pathFindingValues[tileX][tileY - 1] = curVal; topUsed = true; used[tileX][tileY - 1] = true; } if(occupied[tileX][tileY - 1] == true) pathFindingValues[tileX][tileY - 1] = 1000000000; if(isClipped(tileX * 50 + 25, (tileY - 1) * 50 + 25) == true) pathFindingValues[tileX][tileY - 1] = 2000000000; } //top right if(tileX + 1 <= used.length && tileY - 1 >= 0) { if(isClipped((tileX + 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY - 1) * 50 + 25) == false && occupied[tileX + 1][tileY - 1] == false && !(used[tileX + 1][tileY - 1])) { pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY - 1] = curVal; topRightUsed = true; used[tileX + 1][tileY - 1] = true; } if(occupied[tileX + 1][tileY - 1] == true) pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY - 1] = 1000000000; if(isClipped((tileX + 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY - 1) * 50 + 25) == true) pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY - 1] = 2000000000; } //left if(tileX - 1 >= 0) { if(isClipped((tileX - 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY) * 50 + 25) == false && occupied[tileX - 1][tileY] == false && !(used[tileX - 1][tileY])) { pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY] = curVal; leftUsed = true; used[tileX - 1][tileY] = true; } if(occupied[tileX - 1][tileY] == true) pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY] = 1000000000; if(isClipped((tileX - 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY) * 50 + 25) == true) pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY] = 2000000000; } //right if(tileX + 1 <= used.length) { if(isClipped((tileX + 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY) * 50 + 25) == false && occupied[tileX + 1][tileY] == false && !(used[tileX + 1][tileY])) { pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY] = curVal; rightUsed = true; used[tileX + 1][tileY] = true; } if(occupied[tileX + 1][tileY] == true) pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY] = 1000000000; if(isClipped((tileX + 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY) * 50 + 25) == true) pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY] = 2000000000; } //botom left if(tileX - 1 >= 0 && tileY + 1 <= used[0].length) { if(isClipped((tileX - 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY + 1) * 50 + 25) == false && occupied[tileX - 1][tileY + 1] == false && !(used[tileX - 1][tileY + 1])) { pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY + 1] = curVal; botomLeftUsed = true; used[tileX - 1][tileY + 1] = true; } if(occupied[tileX - 1][tileY + 1] == true) pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY + 1] = 1000000000; if(isClipped((tileX - 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY + 1) * 50 + 25) == true) pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY + 1] = 2000000000; } //botom middle if(tileY + 1 <= used[0].length) { if(isClipped((tileX) * 50 + 25, (tileY + 1) * 50 + 25) == false && occupied[tileX][tileY + 1] == false && !(used[tileX][tileY + 1])) { pathFindingValues[tileX][tileY + 1] = curVal; botomUsed = true; used[tileX][tileY + 1] = true; } if(occupied[tileX][tileY + 1] == true) pathFindingValues[tileX][tileY + 1] = 1000000000; if(isClipped((tileX) * 50 + 25, (tileY + 1) * 50 + 25) == true) pathFindingValues[tileX][tileY + 1] = 2000000000; } //botom right if(tileX + 1 <= used.length && tileY + 1 <= used[0].length) { if(isClipped((tileX + 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY + 1) * 50 + 25) == false && occupied[tileX + 1][tileY + 1] == false && !(used[tileX + 1][tileY + 1])) { pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY + 1] = curVal; botomRightUsed = true; used[tileX + 1][tileY + 1] = true; } if(occupied[tileX + 1][tileY + 1] == true) pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY + 1] = 1000000000; if(isClipped((tileX + 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY + 1) * 50 + 25) == true) pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY + 1] = 2000000000; } //call the method on the tiles that need it if(tileX - 1 >= 0 && tileY - 1 >= 0 && topLeftUsed) pathFind(tileX - 1, tileY - 1, curVal, used); if(tileY - 1 >= 0 && topUsed) pathFind(tileX , tileY - 1, curVal, used); if(tileX + 1 <= used.length && tileY - 1 >= 0 && topRightUsed) pathFind(tileX + 1, tileY - 1, curVal, used); if(tileX - 1 >= 0 && leftUsed) pathFind(tileX - 1, tileY, curVal, used); if(tileX + 1 <= used.length && rightUsed) pathFind(tileX + 1, tileY, curVal, used); if(tileX - 1 >= 0 && tileY + 1 <= used[0].length && botomLeftUsed) pathFind(tileX - 1, tileY + 1, curVal, used); if(tileY + 1 <= used[0].length && botomUsed) pathFind(tileX, tileY + 1, curVal, used); if(tileX + 1 <= used.length && tileY + 1 <= used[0].length && botomRightUsed) pathFind(tileX + 1, tileY + 1, curVal, used); }

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  • How are vertex shader outs sent as inputs to the fragment shader?

    - by Jeffrey
    I'm learning some OpenGL 3.2 way of doing things and I think it's quite great, I'm actually understanding more of shaders and non-fixed pipeline in 1 week rather than those 2 years I tried to learn OpenGL fixed pipeline functions. But here's my question: From what I think I've understood the vertex shader is run for each vertexes in the VBO. But the fragments shader is run per each pixel (is that right?) which is a huge number compared to let's say 3 vertexes of a triangle. Now it seems that in the vertex shader the out variables (like colors and stuff) are passed 1 to 1 to the fragment shader. But let's say that I pass to the fragment shader the position of the vertex in the vertex shader. How is all executed? What vertex (A, B or C of the hipothetical triangle) is passed per each fragment and why?

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  • OutOfBounds Exception when creating a PolygonShape using jbox2d

    - by B3nGr33ni3r
    So here's the deal, i'm parsing a file that contains the vertices for a polygon, that i want to create in box2d. I create a new PolygonShape() and then call .set() giving it a defined array of Vec, and that defined array's .length property. I expected this to work, since the documentation for jbox2d says this method takes a Vec array, and the count of Vec objects in that array. However, it errors out, and it seems to be unrelated to my code. The error i get is Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 8 at org.jbox2d.collision.shapes.PolygonShape.set(PolygonShape.java:174) and, upon looking at that line in the jbox2d svn repository, i still cannot figure out the issue. Any help is appreciated!

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  • How to implement time traveling into a game?

    - by Billy
    I was wondering how to implement time travel into a game. Nothing super complex, just time-reversal like what's in Braid, where the user can rewind/fast forward time by 30 seconds or whatever. I searched around the web a lot, but my results usually referred to using time as in like "it's 3:00" or a timer and such. The only thing I could think of was using 2 arrays, one for the player's x position and the other for the player's y position, and then iterating through those arrays and placing the character at that position as they rewind/fast forward time. Could that work? If it would work, how large would the array have to be and how often should I store the player's x and y? If it doesn't work, what else could I try? Thanks in advance!

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  • How to adjust the shooting angle of an object

    - by Blue
    I've been trying to add an angle adjustment feature to a power bar that I got from unity3dStudents. But I can't seem to get the code right. I'm using addforce to rigidbody, it works but the power is too great. I also found that rotating the object it's shooting from changes the angle. But I don't know how to proceed from that. Can somebody show me the problem with the script below, as in how to add height to the addforce without it going to far up or to the side? Or how to change the angle of the object? var theAngle : int; var maxAngle : int = 130; var minAngle : int = 0; var angleIncreasing : boolean = false; var angleDecreasing : boolean = false; var rotationSpeed : float = 10; var ball : Rigidbody; var spawnPos : Transform; var shotForce : float = 25; function Update () { if(Input.GetKeyDown("k")){ angleIncreasing = true; angleDecreasing = false; } if(Input.GetKeyUp("k")){ angleIncreasing = false; } if(Input.GetKeyDown("l")){ angleIncreasing = false; angleDecreasing = true; } if(Input.GetKeyUp("l")){ angleDecreasing = false; } ------- if(angleIncreasing){ theAngle += Time.deltaTime * rotationSpeed; if(theAngle > maxAngle){ theAngle = maxAngle; } } if(angleDecreasing){ theAngle -= Time.deltaTime * rotationSpeed; if(theAngle < minAngle){ theAngle = minAngle; } } } function Shoot(power : float, angle : int){ ---- var forward : Vector3 = spawnPos.forward; var upward : Vector3 = spawnPos.up; pFab.AddForce(forward * power * shotForce); pFab.AddForce(upward * angle * 10); ---- }

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  • How to calculate direction from initial point and another point?

    - by Dvole
    I'm making a simple game where I shoot things from a certain point on screen (A). I tap the screen and shoot the projectile from initial point(A) to the tap point(B). But I want the projectile to move along the same path instead and fly out of bounds of the screen. How do I calculate a point that is on the same line that these two points, but further away? This is a simple math, but I can't figure it out.

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  • Problem with sprite direction and rotation

    - by user2236165
    I have a sprite called Tool that moves with a speed represented as a float and in a direction represented as a Vector2. When I click the mouse on the screen the sprite change its direction and starts to move towards the mouseclick. In addition to that I rotate the sprite so that it is facing in the direction it is heading. However, when I add a camera that is suppose to follow the sprite so that the sprite is always centered on the screen, the sprite won't move in the given direction and the rotation isn't accurate anymore. This only happens when I add the Camera.View in the spriteBatch.Begin(). I was hoping anyone could maybe shed a light on what I am missing in my code, that would be highly appreciated. Here is the camera class i use: public class Camera { private const float zoomUpperLimit = 1.5f; private const float zoomLowerLimit = 0.1f; private float _zoom; private Vector2 _pos; private int ViewportWidth, ViewportHeight; #region Properties public float Zoom { get { return _zoom; } set { _zoom = value; if (_zoom < zoomLowerLimit) _zoom = zoomLowerLimit; if (_zoom > zoomUpperLimit) _zoom = zoomUpperLimit; } } public Rectangle Viewport { get { int width = (int)((ViewportWidth / _zoom)); int height = (int)((ViewportHeight / _zoom)); return new Rectangle((int)(_pos.X - width / 2), (int)(_pos.Y - height / 2), width, height); } } public void Move(Vector2 amount) { _pos += amount; } public Vector2 Position { get { return _pos; } set { _pos = value; } } public Matrix View { get { return Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-_pos.X, -_pos.Y, 0)) * Matrix.CreateScale(new Vector3(Zoom, Zoom, 1)) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(ViewportWidth * 0.5f, ViewportHeight * 0.5f, 0)); } } #endregion public Camera(Viewport viewport, float initialZoom) { _zoom = initialZoom; _pos = Vector2.Zero; ViewportWidth = viewport.Width; ViewportHeight = viewport.Height; } } And here is my Update and Draw-method: protected override void Update (GameTime gameTime) { float elapsed = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; TouchCollection touchCollection = TouchPanel.GetState (); foreach (TouchLocation tl in touchCollection) { if (tl.State == TouchLocationState.Pressed || tl.State == TouchLocationState.Moved) { //direction the tool shall move towards direction = touchCollection [0].Position - toolPos; if (direction != Vector2.Zero) { direction.Normalize (); } //change the direction the tool is moving and find the rotationangle the texture must rotate to point in given direction toolPos += (direction * speed * elapsed); RotationAngle = (float)Math.Atan2 (direction.Y, direction.X); } } if (direction != Vector2.Zero) { direction.Normalize (); } //move tool in given direction toolPos += (direction * speed * elapsed); //change cameracentre to the tools position Camera.Position = toolPos; base.Update (gameTime); } protected override void Draw (GameTime gameTime) { graphics.GraphicsDevice.Clear (Color.Blue); spriteBatch.Begin (SpriteSortMode.BackToFront, BlendState.AlphaBlend, null, null, null, null, Camera.View); spriteBatch.Draw (tool, new Vector2 (toolPos.X, toolPos.Y), null, Color.White, RotationAngle, originOfToolTexture, 1, SpriteEffects.None, 1); spriteBatch.End (); base.Draw (gameTime); }

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  • Crash when using datablocks

    - by scorcher24
    I have really throughly searched the net and could not find any solution for this so I ask for help here. Anyway, I have this datablock in datablocks.cs: datablock t2dSceneObjectDatablock(EnemyShipConfig) { canSaveDynamicFields = "1"; Layer = "3"; size = "64 64"; CollisionActiveSend = "1"; CollisionActiveReceive = "1"; CollisionCallback = true; CollisionLayers = "3"; CollisionDetectionMode = "POLYGON"; CollisionPolyList = "0.00 -0.791 0.756 0.751 -0.746 0.732"; UsesPhysics = "0"; Rotation = "-90"; WorldLimitMode = "KILL"; WorldLimitMax = "880 360"; WorldLimitMin = "-765 -436"; minFireRate = "2000"; maxFireRate = "1200"; laserSpeed = "800"; minSpeed = "100"; maxSpeed = "150"; }; This is an exact reproduction of an object that I have manually edited in the editor. So far, I just used clone() to get as many enemies as I need, while it was out of sight. It is a r-type style shooter, so I need a variable amount of enemies. Since clone() spams my log, I decided to use datablocks, since it is also more flexible. That's what I get when I use clone(): Con::execute - 0 has no namespace: onRemoveFromScene However, once spawning begins, my game freezes and crashes: function SpawnEnemy() { //%spawnedEnemy = EnemyShipMaster.clone(true); %spawnedEnemy = new t2dStaticSprite() { class = "EnemyShip"; sceneGraph = $global_sceneGraph; datablock = "EnemyShipConfig"; imageMap = "starshipImageMap"; layer = 3; }; %speed = getRandom(%spawnedEnemy.minSpeed, %spawnedEnemy.maxSpeed); %y = getRandom(-320, 320); // Set Properties %spawnedEnemy.setPositionX(700); %spawnedEnemy.setPositionY(%y); %spawnedEnemy.setVisible(true); %spawnedEnemy.setLinearVelocityX( -%speed ); %spawnedEnemy.setTimerOn( getRandom( %spawnedEnemy.maxFireRate, %spawnedEnemy.minFireRate ) ); } // Definition of $global_sceneGraph from game.cs: $global_sceneGraph = sceneWindow2D.loadLevel(%level); As I said, it works fine when I use clone() (which is commented out here), but my log gets spammed. I really hope someone can shed some light for me, this is driving me crazy.

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  • Generating and rendering not point-like particles on GPU

    - by TravisG
    Specifically I'm talking about particles as seen (for example) in the UE4 dev video here. They're not just points and seem to have a nice shape to them that seems to follow their movement. Is it possible to create these kinds of particles (efficiently) completely on the GPU (perhaps through something like motion? Or is the only (or most efficient) way to just create a small particle texture and render small quads for each particle?

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  • Is it unprofessional to leave game resources to the open eye?

    - by ThePlan
    I'm still having problems packing my resources, after going through complicated APIs and basically just zip files which are exhausting my brain, I thought I could also pack the game with the resources visible to the human eye, in a simple folder. Would that be unprofessional? Personally, I've never even seen games do that, it would basically mean that the player could just edit whatever he wants in the game, like go in map1.txt and add an X somewhere to create a wall, or change the player sprite to a pony in MS PAINT.

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  • Good practices when optimizing HTML5/Javascript Game Developement [closed]

    - by hustlerinc
    I'm just starting out as a game developer and have created a few crappy but playable clones of classic games like pong, and bomberman. Being self taught (bless the internet) I do this by just stuffing in code to make the games work. Now I feel the time has come to create something complete, for this I need to know how a game is structured. I've searched on the web but there isn't that much to be found. The only "high-level" language I know is javascript so reading a tutorial or article based on C++ doesn't help me that much. I'm looking for good resource's pedagogically covering the theory and possibly examples (in Javascript or pseudo code that is understandable for a beginner) of how the game pieces fit together. From the start screen to asset loading and running the game loop. I'm not looking for anything complicated like reading through a 4000 line source code. All I want to learn is where, how and when the main parts of every game should be called. If you know any good resources to share, or maybe even have an answer for me I would deeply appreciate it.

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  • Android Loading Screen: How do I go about using a stack to load elements, and the option of incrementing the size counter?

    - by tom_mai78101
    I have some problems with figuring out what value I should put in the function: int value_needed_to_figure_out = X; ProgressBar.incrementProgressBy(value_needed_to_figure_out); I've been researching about loading screens and how to use them. Some examples I've seen have implemented Thread.sleep() in a Handler.post(new Runnable()) function. To me, I got most of that concept of using the Handler to update the ProgressBar, while pretending to do some heavy crunching work. So, I kept looking. I have read this thread here: How do I load chunks of data from an assest manager during a loading screen? It said that I can try using a stack it needs to load, and adding a size counter as I add elements to the stack. What does it mean? This is the part where I'm totally stumped. If anyone would provide some hints, I'll gladly appreciate it. Thanks in advance.

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  • How do I put different textures on different walls? LWJGL

    - by lehermj
    So far I have it so you are running around in a box, but all of the walls are the same texture! I've loaded up other textures for the walls (I want the walls a different texture than the floor) but it seems as if its being ignored... Here's my code: int floorTexture = glGenTextures(); { InputStream in = null; try { in = new FileInputStream("floor.png"); PNGDecoder decoder = new PNGDecoder(in); ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4 * decoder.getWidth() * decoder.getHeight()); decoder.decode(buffer, decoder.getWidth() * 4, Format.RGBA); buffer.flip(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, floorTexture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, decoder.getWidth(), decoder.getHeight(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, floorTexture); } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to find the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } catch (IOException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to load the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } finally { if (in != null) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } int wallTexture = glGenTextures(); { InputStream in = null; try { in = new FileInputStream("walls.png"); PNGDecoder decoder = new PNGDecoder(in); ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4 * decoder.getWidth() * decoder.getHeight()); decoder.decode(buffer, decoder.getWidth() * 4, Format.RGBA); buffer.flip(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, wallTexture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, decoder.getWidth(), decoder.getHeight(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, wallTexture); } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to find the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } catch (IOException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to load the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } finally { if (in != null) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } int ceilingDisplayList = glGenLists(1); glNewList(ceilingDisplayList, GL_COMPILE); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, ceilingHeight, gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, gridSize); glEnd(); glEndList(); int wallDisplayList = glGenLists(1); glNewList(wallDisplayList, GL_COMPILE); glBegin(GL_QUADS); // North wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); // West wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); // East wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(+gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(+gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); // South wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); glEnd(); glEndList(); int floorDisplayList = glGenLists(1); glNewList(floorDisplayList, GL_COMPILE); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, floorHeight, gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glEnd(); glEndList();

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  • Portal View/Projection Matrix near plane

    - by melak47
    For RenderToTexture/Camera based portal rendering, the basics seems simple enough. However, with a free camera, most of the time it is going to be looking at such portals at an angle: Now a regular near clipping plane will not always work here, it will either intersect with the wall the portal is sitting on, or possibly with objects in front of the wall. The desired near clipping plane would be aligned like the portal, producing a view volume more like this: or this in 3D: So here is my question: How does one construct or "truncate" a view/projection matrix to achieve such an off-camera-normal (near) clipping plane?

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  • How can I cleanly and elegantly handle data and dependancies between classes

    - by Neophyte
    I'm working on 2d topdown game in SFML 2, and need to find an elegant way in which everything will work and fit together. Allow me to explain. I have a number of classes that inherit from an abstract base that provides a draw method and an update method to all the classes. In the game loop, I call update and then draw on each class, I imagine this is a pretty common approach. I have classes for tiles, collisions, the player and a resource manager that contains all the tiles/images/textures. Due to the way input works in SFML I decided to have each class handle input (if required) in its update call. Up until now I have been passing in dependencies as needed, for example, in the player class when a movement key is pressed, I call a method on the collision class to check if the position the player wants to move to will be a collision, and only move the player if there is no collision. This works fine for the most part, but I believe it can be done better, I'm just not sure how. I now have more complex things I need to implement, eg: a player is able to walk up to an object on the ground, press a key to pick it up/loot it and it will then show up in inventory. This means that a few things need to happen: Check if the player is in range of a lootable item on keypress, else do not proceed. Find the item. Update the sprite texture on the item from its default texture to a "looted" texture. Update the collision for the item: it might have changed shape or been removed completely. Inventory needs to be updated with the added item. How do I make everything communicate? With my current system I will end up with my classes going out of scope, and method calls to each other all over the place. I could tie up all the classes in one big manager and give each one a reference to the parent manager class, but this seems only slightly better. Any help/advice would be greatly appreciated! If anything is unclear, I'm happy to expand on things.

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  • Load previous (last) scene used in unity3d

    - by user3666251
    Im making a 2D game for android and I made over 200 levels/scenes.I also made a game over scene that opens when the players collides with an obscale.In the GameOver scene I added a retry button which I wanna make it so it opens the last level played.Im new in Unity and scripting.I've read other similar questions but none of them fixed my issue.Anyone has any idea that could help ? Im doing this because I don't wanna create over 200 game over scenes and edit each obscale in game. Thank you. Edit : Im using javascript.

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  • Constrained A* problem

    - by Ragekit
    I've got a little problem with an A* algorithm that I need to Constrained a little bit. Basically : I use an A* to find the shortest path between 2 randomly placed room in 3D space, and then build a corridor between them. The problem I found is that sometimes it makes chimney like corridors that are not ideal, so I constrict the A* so that if the last movement was up or down, you go sideways. Everything is fine, but in some corner cases, it fails to find a path (when there is obviously one). Like here between the blue and red dot : (i'm in unity btw, but i don't think it matters) Here is the code of the actual A* (a bit long, and some redundency) while(current != goal) { //add stair up / stair down foreach(Node<GridUnit> test in current.Neighbors) { if(!test.Data.empty && test != goal) continue; //bug at arrival; if(test == goal && penul !=null) { Vector3 currentDiff = current.Data.bounds.center - test.Data.bounds.center; if(!Mathf.Approximately(currentDiff.y,0)) { //wanna drop on the last if(!coplanar(test.Data.bounds.center,current.Data.bounds.center,current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center,to.Data.bounds.center)) { continue; } else { if(Mathf.Approximately(to.Data.bounds.center.x, current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center.x) && Mathf.Approximately(to.Data.bounds.center.z, current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center.z)) { continue; } } } } if(current.Data.parentUnit != null) { Vector3 previousDiff = current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center - current.Data.bounds.center; Vector3 currentDiff = current.Data.bounds.center - test.Data.bounds.center; if(!Mathf.Approximately(previousDiff.y,0)) { if(!Mathf.Approximately(currentDiff.y,0)) { //you wanna drop now : continue; } if(current.Data.parentUnit.parentUnit != null) { if(!coplanar(test.Data.bounds.center,current.Data.bounds.center,current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center,current.Data.parentUnit.parentUnit.bounds.center)) { continue; }else { if(Mathf.Approximately(test.Data.bounds.center.x, current.Data.parentUnit.parentUnit.bounds.center.x) && Mathf.Approximately(test.Data.bounds.center.z, current.Data.parentUnit.parentUnit.bounds.center.z)) { continue; } } } } } g = current.Data.g + HEURISTIC(current.Data,test.Data); h = HEURISTIC(test.Data,goal.Data); f = g + h; if(open.Contains(test) || closed.Contains(test)) { if(test.Data.f > f) { //found a shorter path going passing through that point test.Data.f = f; test.Data.g = g; test.Data.h = h; test.Data.parentUnit = current.Data; } } else { //jamais rencontré test.Data.f = f; test.Data.h = h; test.Data.g = g; test.Data.parentUnit = current.Data; open.Add(test); } } closed.Add (current); if(open.Count == 0) { Debug.Log("nothingfound"); //nothing more to test no path found, stay to from; List<GridUnit> r = new List<GridUnit>(); r.Add(from.Data); return r; } //sort open from small to biggest travel cost open.Sort(delegate(Node<GridUnit> x, Node<GridUnit> y) { return (int)(x.Data.f-y.Data.f); }); //get the smallest travel cost node; Node<GridUnit> smallest = open[0]; current = smallest; open.RemoveAt(0); } //build the path going backward; List<GridUnit> ret = new List<GridUnit>(); if(penul != null) { ret.Insert(0,to.Data); } GridUnit cur = goal.Data; ret.Insert(0,cur); do{ cur = cur.parentUnit; ret.Insert(0,cur); } while(cur != from.Data); return ret; You see at the start of the foreach i constrict the A* like i said. If you have any insight it would be cool. Thanks

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  • Synchronise graphics and logic code

    - by Skeith
    I have a procedural approach to the game loop that runs various classes. it looks like this: continue any in progress animations check for used input apply AI move things resolve events such as collisions draw it all to screen I have seen a lot of posts about how drawing should be running separately as fast as it can, possibly in another thread. My problem is that if the drawing runs as fast as it, can what happens if it tried to draw while I'm still applying the AI or resolving a collision? It could draw the wrong thing on screen. This seems to be a well established idea so there must be an explanation to this problem as I just cant get my head around it. The only solution I have is to update the screen so fast that any errors like that get refreshed before we see them but that sounds hacky. So how does this work / how would you implement it so that they are in sync but running at different speeds?

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  • ERROR #342: DEVICE_SHADER_LINKAGE_SEMANTICNAME_NOT_FOUND

    - by Telanor
    I've stared at this for at least half an hour now and I cannot figure out what directx is complaining about. I know this error normally means you put float3 instead of a float4 or something like that, but I've checked over and over and as far as I can tell, everything matches. This is the full error message: D3D11: ERROR: ID3D11DeviceContext::DrawIndexed: Input Assembler - Vertex Shader linkage error: Signatures between stages are incompatible. The input stage requires Semantic/Index (COLOR,0) as input, but it is not provided by the output stage. [ EXECUTION ERROR #342: DEVICE_SHADER_LINKAGE_SEMANTICNAME_NOT_FOUND ] This is the vertex shader's input signature as seen in PIX: // Input signature: // // Name Index Mask Register SysValue Format Used // -------------------- ----- ------ -------- -------- ------ ------ // POSITION 0 xyz 0 NONE float xyz // NORMAL 0 xyz 1 NONE float // COLOR 0 xyzw 2 NONE float The HLSL structure looks like this: struct VertexShaderInput { float3 Position : POSITION0; float3 Normal : NORMAL0; float4 Color: COLOR0; }; The input layout, from PIX, is: The C# structure holding the data looks like this: [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct PositionColored { public static int SizeInBytes = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(PositionColored)); public static InputElement[] InputElements = new[] { new InputElement("POSITION", 0, Format.R32G32B32_Float, 0), new InputElement("NORMAL", 0, Format.R32G32B32_Float, 0), new InputElement("COLOR", 0, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 0) }; Vector3 position; Vector3 normal; Vector4 color; #region Properties ... #endregion public PositionColored(Vector3 position, Vector3 normal, Vector4 color) { this.position = position; this.normal = normal; this.color = color; } public override string ToString() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(base.ToString()); sb.Append(" Position="); sb.Append(position); sb.Append(" Color="); sb.Append(Color); return sb.ToString(); } } SizeInBytes comes out to 40, which is correct (4*3 + 4*3 + 4*4 = 40). Can anyone find where the mistake is?

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  • Separating logic and data in browser game

    - by Tesserex
    I've been thinking this over for days and I'm still not sure what to do. I'm trying to refactor a combat system in PHP (...sorry.) Here's what exists so far: There are two (so far) types of entities that can participate in combat. Let's just call them players and NPCs. Their data is already written pretty well. When involved in combat, these entities are wrapped with another object in the DB called a Combatant, which gives them information about the particular fight. They can be involved in multiple combats at once. I'm trying to write the logic engine for combat by having combatants injected into it. I want to be able to mock everything for testing. In order to separate logic and data, I want to have two interfaces / base classes, one being ICombatantData and the other ICombatantLogic. The two implementers of data will be one for the real objects stored in the database, and the other for my mock objects. I'm now running into uncertainties with designing the logic side of things. I can have one implementer for each of players and NPCs, but then I have an issue. A combatant needs to be able to return the entity that it wraps. Should this getter method be part of logic or data? I feel strongly that it should be in data, because the logic part is used for executing combat, and won't be available if someone is just looking up information about an upcoming fight. But the data classes only separate mock from DB, not player from NPC. If I try having two child classes of the DB data implementer, one for each entity type, then how do I architect that while keeping my mocks in the loop? Do I need some third interface like IEntityProvider that I inject into the data classes? Also with some of the ideas I've been considering, I feel like I'll have to put checks in place to make sure you don't mismatch things, like making the logic for an NPC accidentally wrap the data for a player. Does that make any sense? Is that a situation that would even be possible if the architecture is correct, or would the right design prohibit that completely so I don't need to check for it? If someone could help me just layout a class diagram or something for this it would help me a lot. Thanks. edit Also useful to note, the mock data class doesn't really need the Entity, since I'll just be specifying all the parameters like combat stats directly instead. So maybe that will affect the correct design.

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  • Animations not accepted in animator

    - by Lautaro
    In the official Unity Animator State Machine tutorial video animation clips are dragged out from the assets folder into the animator and dropped. I have a 3D model that i bought online to experiment with that comes with animations. I added a custom made animation as well. These all work well in my demo project. But when i add a animator to the assets and try to drag and drop animations onto it it doesnt work. I get a forbidden-sign as a mouse pointer. I try to add animations through the inspector but that does not work either. The tutorials makes it seem so easy and does not talk anything about what animations can be used. What am i doing wrong?

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  • XNA GameTime TotalGameTime slower than real time

    - by robasaurus
    I have set-up an empty test project consisting of a System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch and this in the draw method: spriteBatch.DrawString(font, gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalSeconds.ToString(), new Vector2(100, 100), Color.White); spriteBatch.DrawString(font, stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalSeconds.ToString(), new Vector2(100, 200), Color.White); The GameTime.TotalGameTime displayed is slower than the stop watch (by about 5 seconds per minute) even though GameTime.IsRunningSlowly is always false, why is this? The reason this is an issue is because I have a server which uses stopwatch and it is faster than my client game. For instance my client notifies the server it has dropped a mine which explodes in one minute. Because the stopwatch is faster the server state explodes the mine before the client and they are out of sync. I don't want to have to notify the client when the server explodes it as this would use unnecessary bandwidth.

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  • How do I multiply pixels on an SDL Surface?

    - by NoobScratcher
    Okay so I'm able to put blank pixels into a surface and also draw gradient pixels rectangles,etc But I don't know how to multiply the pixels on a surface so I was hoping someone could provide me information on this topic. I was thinking you could get the members pixel and then * it by 2 but that didn't provide results I wanted so I'm now thinking that you have to actually get to the position in bytes in one location to the left and one location to the right and then store it in memory and then * that by 2 am I correct or what? If so what is it that allows me to do that and how do I do that?

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