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  • In a 2D tile-based game, how should NPCs and tiles reference each other?

    - by lezebulon
    I'm making a tile engine for 2D games (seen from the top). Basically the world is composed of a grid of tiles. Now I want to put for instance NPCs that can move on the map. What do you think is best: 1) each tile has a pointer to the NPC that is on its tile, or a NULL pointer 2) having a list of NPCs, and they have the coordinates of the tile they are on. 3) something else? 1) is faster for collision detection but it would use much more memory space and it is slower to find all NPCs in a map. 2) is the opposite. thanks

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  • Best practice for organizing/storing character/monster data in an RPG?

    - by eclecto
    Synopsis: Attempting to build a cross-platform RPG app in Adobe Flash Builder and am trying to figure out the best class hierarchy and the best way to store the static data used to build each of the individual "hero" and "monster" types. My programming experience, particularly in AS3, is embarrassingly small. My ultra-alpha method is to include a "_class" object in the constructor for each instance. The _class, in turn, is a static Object pulled from a class created specifically for that purpose, so things look something like this: // Character.as package { public class Character extends Sprite { public var _strength:int; // etc. public function Character(_class:Object) { _strength = _class._strength; // etc. } } } // MonsterClasses.as package { public final class MonsterClasses extends Object { public static const Monster1:Object={ _strength:50, // etc. } // etc. } } // Some other class in which characters/monsters are created. // Create a new instance of Character var myMonster = new Character(MonsterClasses.Monster1); Another option I've toyed with is the idea of making each character class/monster type its own subclass of Character, but I'm not sure if it would be efficient or even make sense considering that these classes would only be used to store variables and would add no new methods. On the other hand, it would make creating instances as simple as var myMonster = new Monster1; and potentially cut down on the overhead of having to read a class containing the data for, at a conservative preliminary estimate, over 150 monsters just to fish out the one monster I want (assuming, and I really have no idea, that such a thing might cause any kind of slowdown in execution). But long story short, I want a system that's both efficient at compile time and easy to work with during coding. Should I stick with what I've got or try a different method? As a subquestion, I'm also assuming here that the best way to store data that will be bundled with the final game and not read externally is simply to declare everything in AS3. Seems to me that if I used, say, XML or JSON I'd have to use the associated AS3 classes and methods to pull in the data, parse it, and convert it to AS3 object(s) anyway, so it would be inefficient. Right?

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  • Random enemy placement on a 2d grid

    - by Robb
    I want to place my items and enemies randomly (or as randomly as possible). At the moment I use XNA's Random class to generate a number between 800 for X and 600 for Y. It feels like enemies spawn more towards the top of the map than in the middle or bottom. I do not seed the generator, maybe that is something to consider. Are there other techniques described that can improve random enemy placement on a 2d grid?

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  • Client Side Prediction for a Look Vector

    - by Mike Sawayda
    So I am making a first person networked shooter. I am working on client-side prediction where I am predicting player position and look vectors client-side based on input messages received from the server. Right now I am only worried about the look vectors though. I am receiving the correct look vector from the server about 20 times per second and I am checking that against the look vector that I have client side. I want to interpolate the clients look vector towards the correct one that is server side over a period of time. Therefore no matter how far you are away from the servers look vector you will interpolate to it over the same amount of time. Ex. if you were 10 degrees off it would take the same amount of time as if you were 2 degrees off to be correctly lined up with the server copy. My code looks something like this but the problem is that the amount that you are changing the clients copy gets infinitesimally small so you will actually never reach the servers copy. This is because I am always calculating the difference and only moving by a percentage of that every frame. Does anyone have any suggestions on how to interpolate towards the servers copy correctly? if(rotationDiffY > ClientSideAttributes::minRotation) { if(serverRotY > clientRotY) { playerObjects[i]->collisionObject->rotation.y += (rotationDiffY * deltaTime); } else { playerObjects[i]->collisionObject->rotation.y -= (rotationDiffY deltaTime); } }

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  • Using allocators for different systems

    - by chadb
    I am going over the memory architecture for my game and even though I know my memory budgets may not be final, I at the point where I can start using them in a general sense. I know that I will need several allocators (for systems such as audio, rendering, etc) but I am unsure of how they will be accessed. I do not use singletons, so I can't just have something such as AudioManager::GetInstance().get_allocator(). Instead, I need to find a different method of usage but I am not sure of how. How can I store and call my allocators needed for several different systems over engine in an efficient manner?

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  • How do I create weapon attachments?

    - by Tron86
    My question is; I am developing a game for XNA and I am trying to create a weapon attachment for my player model. My player model loads the .md3 format and reads tags for attachment points. I am able to get the tag of my model's hand. And I am also able to get the tag of my weapon's handle. Each tag I am able to get the rotation and position of and this is how I am calculating it: Model.worldMatrix = Matrix.CreateScale(Model.scale) * Matrix.CreateRotationX(-MathHelper.PiOver2) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.PiOver2); Pretty simple, the player model has a scale and its orientation(it loads on its side so I just use a 90 degree X axis rotation, and a Y axis rotation to face away from the camera). I then calculate the torso tag on the lower body, which gives me a local coordinate at the waist. Then I take that matrix and calculate the tag_weapon in the upper body. This gives me the hand position in local space. I also get the rotation matrix from that tag that I store for later use. All this seems to work fine. Now I move onto my weapon: Matrix weaponWorld = Matrix.CreateScale(CurrentWeapon.scale) * Matrix.CreateRotationX(-MathHelper.PiOver2) * TagRotationMatrix * Matrix.CreateTranslation(HandTag.Position) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(PlayerRotation) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(CollisionBody.Position) * You may notice the weapon matrix gets rotated by 90 degress on the X axis as well. This is because they load in on their sides. Once again this seems pretty simple and follows the SRT order I keep reading about. My TagRotation matrix is the hand's rotation. HandTag.Position is its position in local space. CreateRotationY(PlayerRotation) is the player's rotation in world space, and the CollisionBody.Position is the player's world location. Everything seems to be in order, and almost works in game. However when the gun spawns and follows the player's hand it seems to be flipped on an axis every couple frames. Almost like the X or Y axis is being inversed then put right back. Its hard to explain and I am totally stumped. Even removing all my X axis fixes does nothing to solve the problem. Hopefully I explained everything enough as I am a bit new to this! Thanks!

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  • Using ImpactJS: How to set a publicly available variable

    - by Dave Voyles
    I'm trying to get an entity (a bullet, a grenade, and an explosive) from my player player. Specifically, I want the shootingRate of my bullet (how frequently it can be fired). How can I do this without having to call getEntityByType each time I fire this projectile? There has got to be a cleaner way from what I'm doing right now.... // Shooting var isShooting = ig.input.state('shoot'); if (isShooting && this.lastShootTimer.delta() > 0) { switch (this.activeWeapon) { case("EntityBullet"): ig.game.spawnEntity(this.activeWeapon, this.pos.x, this.pos.y - 10); var equipedWeap = ig.game.getEntitiesByType(EntityBullet); this.lastShootTimer.set(equippedWeap.shootingRate); console.log(equipedWeap.shootingRate); break; case("EntityGrenade"): ig.game.spawnEntity(this.activeWeapon, this.pos.x, this.pos.y +5); var equipedWeap = ig.game.getEntitiesByType(EntityGrenade); this.lastShootTimer.set(equipedWeap.shootingRate); console.log(EquipedWeap.shootingRate); break; case("EntityExplosiveBomb"): ig.game.spawnEntity(this.activeWeapon, this.pos.x, this.pos.y +5 ); var equipedWeap = ig.game.getEntitiesByType(EntityExplosiveBomb)[0]; this.lastShootTimer.set(equipedWeap.shootingRate); console.log(equipedWeap.shootingRate); break; } }

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  • How to Point sprite's direction towards Mouse or an Object [duplicate]

    - by Irfan Dahir
    This question already has an answer here: Rotating To Face a Point 1 answer I need some help with rotating sprites towards the mouse. I'm currently using the library allegro 5.XX. The rotation of the sprite works but it's constantly inaccurate. It's always a few angles off from the mouse to the left. Can anyone please help me with this? Thank you. P.S I got help with the rotating function from here: http://www.gamefromscratch.com/post/2012/11/18/GameDev-math-recipes-Rotating-to-face-a-point.aspx Although it's by javascript, the maths function is the same. And also, by placing: if(angle < 0) { angle = 360 - (-angle); } doesn't fix it. The Code: #include <allegro5\allegro.h> #include <allegro5\allegro_image.h> #include "math.h" int main(void) { int width = 640; int height = 480; bool exit = false; int shipW = 0; int shipH = 0; ALLEGRO_DISPLAY *display = NULL; ALLEGRO_EVENT_QUEUE *event_queue = NULL; ALLEGRO_BITMAP *ship = NULL; if(!al_init()) return -1; display = al_create_display(width, height); if(!display) return -1; al_install_keyboard(); al_install_mouse(); al_init_image_addon(); al_set_new_bitmap_flags(ALLEGRO_MIN_LINEAR | ALLEGRO_MAG_LINEAR); //smoother rotate ship = al_load_bitmap("ship.bmp"); shipH = al_get_bitmap_height(ship); shipW = al_get_bitmap_width(ship); int shipx = width/2 - shipW/2; int shipy = height/2 - shipH/2; int mx = width/2; int my = height/2; al_set_mouse_xy(display, mx, my); event_queue = al_create_event_queue(); al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_mouse_event_source()); al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_keyboard_event_source()); //al_hide_mouse_cursor(display); float angle; while(!exit) { ALLEGRO_EVENT ev; al_wait_for_event(event_queue, &ev); if(ev.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP) { switch(ev.keyboard.keycode) { case ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE: exit = true; break; /*case ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT: degree -= 10; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT: degree += 10; break;*/ case ALLEGRO_KEY_W: shipy -=10; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_S: shipy +=10; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_A: shipx -=10; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_D: shipx += 10; break; } }else if(ev.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_AXES) { mx = ev.mouse.x; my = ev.mouse.y; angle = atan2(my - shipy, mx - shipx); } // al_draw_bitmap(ship,shipx, shipy, 0); //al_draw_rotated_bitmap(ship, shipW/2, shipH/2, shipx, shipy, degree * 3.142/180,0); al_draw_rotated_bitmap(ship, shipW/2, shipH/2, shipx, shipy,angle, 0); //I directly placed the angle because the allegro library calculates radians, and if i multiplied it by 180/3. 142 the rotation would go hawire, not would, it actually did. al_flip_display(); al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0,0,0)); } al_destroy_bitmap(ship); al_destroy_event_queue(event_queue); al_destroy_display(display); return 0; } EDIT: This was marked duplicate by a moderator. I'd like to say that this isn't the same as that. I'm a total beginner at game programming, I had a view at that other topic and I had difficulty understanding it. Please understand this, thank you. :/ Also, while I was making a print of what the angle is I got this... Here is a screenshot:http://img34.imageshack.us/img34/7396/fzuq.jpg Which is weird because aren't angles supposed to be 360 degrees only?

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  • 2D Camera Acceleration/Lag

    - by Cyral
    I have a nice camera set up for my 2D xna game. Im wondering how I should make the camera have 'acceleration' or 'lag' so it smoothly follows the player, instead of 'exactly' like mine does now. Im thinking somehow I need to Lerp the values when I set CameraPosition. Heres my code private void ScrollCamera(Viewport viewport) { float ViewMargin = .35f; float marginWidth = viewport.Width * ViewMargin; float marginLeft = cameraPosition.X + marginWidth; float marginRight = cameraPosition.X + viewport.Width - marginWidth; float TopMargin = .3f; float BottomMargin = .1f; float marginTop = cameraPosition.Y + viewport.Height * TopMargin; float marginBottom = cameraPosition.Y + viewport.Height - viewport.Height * BottomMargin; Vector2 CameraMovement; Vector2 maxCameraPosition; CameraMovement.X = 0.0f; if (Player.Position.X < marginLeft) CameraMovement.X = Player.Position.X - marginLeft; else if (Player.Position.X > marginRight) CameraMovement.X = Player.Position.X - marginRight; maxCameraPosition.X = 16 * Width - viewport.Width; cameraPosition.X = MathHelper.Clamp(cameraPosition.X + CameraMovement.X, 0.0f, maxCameraPosition.X); CameraMovement.Y = 0.0f; if (Player.Position.Y < marginTop) //above the top margin CameraMovement.Y = Player.Position.Y - marginTop; else if (Player.Position.Y > marginBottom) //below the bottom margin CameraMovement.Y = Player.Position.Y - marginBottom; maxCameraPosition.Y = 16 * Height - viewport.Height; cameraPosition.Y = MathHelper.Clamp(cameraPosition.Y + CameraMovement.Y, 0.0f, maxCameraPosition.Y); }

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  • HTML5 Game (Canvas) - UI Techniques?

    - by Jason L.
    Hi! I'm in the process of building a JavaScript / HTML5 game (using Canvas) for mobile (Android / iPhone/ WebOS) with PhoneGap. I'm currently trying to design out how the UI and playing board should be built and how they should interact but I'm not sure what the best solution is. Here's what I can think of - Build the UI right into the canvas using things like drawImage and fillText Build parts of the UI outside of the canvas using regular DOM objects and then float a div over the canvas when UI elements need to overlap the playing board canvas. Are there any other possible techniques I can use for building the game UI that I haven't thought of? Also, which of these would be considered the "standard" way (I know HTML5 games are not very popular so there probably isn't a "standard" way yet)? And finally, which way would YOU recommend / use? Many thanks in advance!

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  • How to split a string with negative numbers using ActionScript 3.0

    - by inzombiak
    I'm having trouble loading my level. I'm using Ogmo to create my level then I import it. I have no problem converting 0's and 1's into an Array, but I can't figure out how to do the same for -1's. It separates the "-" and the "1". Any help would be great. I've posted my code and the XML files below levelXML = new XML(e.target.data); playerX = int(levelXML.Entities.Player.@x); playerY = int(levelXML.Entities.Player.@y); levelGrid = levelXML.Grid; levelGrid = levelGrid.split("\n").join(""); levelTiles = levelXML.Tiles; levelTiles = levelTiles.split("\n").join(""); levelTiles = levelTiles.split(",").join(""); tileArray = levelTiles.split(""); gridArray = levelGrid.split(""); for(i = 0; i <= 34; i++) { levelArray[i] = new Array(); for(j = 0; j <= 34; j++) { if(tileArray[j*35 + i] == 0) { gridArray[j*35+i] = -1; } var currentSymbol = gridArray[j*35+i]; levelArray[i][j] = currentSymbol; if(gridArray[j*35 + i] == 1) { wall = new Wall; addChild(wall); wall.x = i*20 + 10; wall.y = j*20 + 10; } else if(gridArray[j*35 + i] == -1) { pellet = new Pellet; addChild(pellet); pellet.x = i*20 + 10; pellet.y = j*20 + 10; } } } I know the code is very dirty, but I needed a quick fix. Grid exportMode="Bitstring" 11111111111111111111111111111111111 10000000000000000011000000000000001 10000000000000000011000000000000001 10011111001111110011001111110011001 10011111001111110011001111110011001 10011111001111110011001111110011001 10000000000000000000000000000000001 10000000000000000000000000000000001 10011111001100111111100110011111001 10011111001100000100000110011111001 10000000001100000100000110000000001 10000000001111100100111110000000001 11111111001111100100111110011111111 00000001001111100100111110010000000 00000001001100000000000110010000000 11111111001100000000000110011111111 00000000000000111111100000000000000 00000000000000100000100000000000000 11111111001100100000100110011111111 00000001001100111111100110010000000 00000001001100000000000110010000000 11111111001100111111100110011111111 10000000000000000100000000000000001 10000000000000000100000000000000001 10011111001111100100111110011111001 10000011000000000000000000011000001 10000011000000000000000000011000001 11110011001100111111100110011001111 11110011001100111111100110011001111 10000000001100000100000110000000001 10000000001100000100000110000000001 10011111111111100100111111111111001 10000000000000000000000000000000001 10000000000000000000000000000000001 11111111111111111111111111111111111 Tiles tileset="Tiles" exportMode="CSV"-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,-1 -1,-1,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1 -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1

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  • What is the recommended way to output values to FBO targets? (OpenGL 3.3 + GLSL 330)

    - by datSilencer
    I'll begin by apologizing for any dumb assumptions you might find in the code below since I'm still pretty much green when it comes to OpenGL programming. I'm currently trying to implement deferred shading by using FBO's and their associated targets (textures in my case). I have a simple (I think :P) geometry+fragment shader program and I'd like to write its Fragment Shader stage output to three different render targets (previously bound by a call to glDrawBuffers()), like so: #version 330 in vec3 WorldPos0; in vec2 TexCoord0; in vec3 Normal0; in vec3 Tangent0; layout(location = 0) out vec3 WorldPos; layout(location = 1) out vec3 Diffuse; layout(location = 2) out vec3 Normal; uniform sampler2D gColorMap; uniform sampler2D gNormalMap; vec3 CalcBumpedNormal() { vec3 Normal = normalize(Normal0); vec3 Tangent = normalize(Tangent0); Tangent = normalize(Tangent - dot(Tangent, Normal) * Normal); vec3 Bitangent = cross(Tangent, Normal); vec3 BumpMapNormal = texture(gNormalMap, TexCoord0).xyz; BumpMapNormal = 2 * BumpMapNormal - vec3(1.0, 1.0, -1.0); vec3 NewNormal; mat3 TBN = mat3(Tangent, Bitangent, Normal); NewNormal = TBN * BumpMapNormal; NewNormal = normalize(NewNormal); return NewNormal; } void main() { WorldPos = WorldPos0; Diffuse = texture(gColorMap, TexCoord0).xyz; Normal = CalcBumpedNormal(); } If my render target textures are configured as: RT1:(GL_RGB32F, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, GL_TEXTURE0, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0) RT2:(GL_RGB32F, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, GL_TEXTURE1, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1) RT3:(GL_RGB32F, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, GL_TEXTURE2, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT2) And assuming that each texture has an internal format capable of contaning the incoming data, will the fragment shader write the corresponding values to the expected texture targets? On a related note, do the textures need to be bound to the OpenGL context when they are Multiple Render Targets? From some Googling, I think there are two other ways to output to MRTs: 1: Output each component to gl_FragData[n]. Some forum posts say this method is deprecated. However, looking at the latest OpenGL 3.3 and 4.0 specifications at opengl.org, the core profiles still mention this approach. 2: Use a typed output array variable for the expected type. In this case, I think it would be something like this: out vec3 [3] output; void main() { output[0] = WorldPos0; output[1] = texture(gColorMap, TexCoord0).xyz; output[2] = CalcBumpedNormal(); } So which is then the recommended approach? Is there a recommended approach at all if I plan to code on top of OpenGL 3.3? Thanks for your time and help!

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  • Easiest way to beg users for their emails and to put them on a mailing list.

    - by kamziro
    I notice that some games I bought at one point asked me for my email address (to register an account of sorts), and from then on, every month, or everytime there are new games out by them, they send out mails to me. Ostensibly, it seems to be quite an effective way to keep your users in touch. But I suppose this would only work if you have a valid excuse for getting email address from the users (e.g for account setups). I was thinking of using incentives (such as bonus functionality in-game) to beg for user's emails, but after that, what is the easiest way to keep track of their email addresses, and to send them a mail? What software can do that for you easily? Also, is there web services for this? Not sure how much I'd trust web services not to harvest the mails instead though.

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  • Is white the best base color to start with when planning to shade sprites within Unity?

    - by SpartanDonut
    I'm looking into prototyping a game in Unity which will consist of solid square sprites / tiles. I figure I can represent different types of objects with different colors for each of the tiles in the game. I figure that I can import a single square sprite and shade it appropriately in Unity as opposed to imported squares of many different colors. My experience with adjusting the hue and saturation within Photoshop shows that white is not an easy color to change as things that are white often stay white. My testing in Unity shows that I can change the "color" of a sprite to anything other than white and the sprite is seemingly shaded appropriately, despite what I would have thought given my Photoshop experience. Since white objects do seem to take on the appropriate color shading when changed within Unity my gut tells me that this is the best base color to begin with, meaning that I can import a single white square sprite and simply adjust the color to represent different objects and object states. Is a white sprite actually the best color sprite to begin with and why does something like this work in Unity as opposed to adjusting the hue and saturation within Photoshop?

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  • Sprite Body can not stop

    - by Diken
    Hey i have issue regarding jump sprite body. In my code i am using moveLeft and moveRight Button and when i am press moveRight Button using following code if (moveRight.active==YES) { b2Vec2 force=b2Vec2(4,0); ballBody->SetLinearVelocity(force); } Its move perfectly and When i release this Button than sprite body stop using following code else { b2Vec2 force=b2Vec2(0,0); ballBody->SetLinearVelocity(force); } But when i put this else part then jump can not done. My jump code is following if (jumpSprite.active==YES) { NSLog(@"Jump Sprite"); b2Vec2 locationWorld; locationWorld=b2Vec2(0.0f,4.0f); double force=ballBody->GetMass(); ballBody->ApplyLinearImpulse(force*locationWorld, ballBody->GetWorldCenter()); } If i remove else part then jump will perform complete but sprite body can not stop after release button. So what to do?? Thanks in advance

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  • Where can I find resources for RPG Character Sprites? [closed]

    - by IcySnow
    I'm developing a turn-based 2D RPG game. Everything's going fine except the lack of characters' sprites such as moving, attacking animation, etc.... By characters I mean both human-like and monster-like creatures. Is there a website providing sprites for free? Or a program (free or paid, whichever is fine) which will let me create sprites from scratch and automatically generate the images? I tried my best to search for one but the best I've managed to find so far is http://spriters-resource.com/. However, is there something else similar and better out there?

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  • Putting a Java/Slick game on your website?

    - by MakesYouStranger
    I've made a simple little 2D game in Java using Slick and I want to embed it in my website. I'm just a little confused as to how to go about it, I'm guessing I need to export it as a WAR file? Sorry if this isn't really specific but oddly enough I couldn't find any information on this subject. I think I may lack the basic vernacular to describe my question, because most of my google and other searches turn up completely unrelated results any help would be appreciated, I just need a starting point. Thanks

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  • FPS camera specification

    - by user1095108
    I remember I once composed a FPS viewing transformation, as a composition of 3 rotations, each with an angle as a parameter. The first angle specified the left/right rotation around the y-axis, the second angle the up/down rotation around the x-axis, and the third around the z-axis. The viewing transformation was therefore specified by 3 angles. Naturally, this transformation had a gimbal lock, depending in what order the transformation were performed. What should I look at to derive my viewing transformation without the gimbal lock? I know the "lookAt" method already, but I consider that cumbersome. EDIT: MY first guess is to do the first 2 transformations to get a viewing direction and then the axis-angle rotation on this axis.

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  • Connect players with same phone language settings

    - by Abin George
    I am working on a turn-based multiplayer game using game center. The game also use Spanish localisation. It is enabled by reading the device language settings. Now my requirement is: When i start a turn based match, my opponent should have the same language setting in his/her phone as I am having. How can I make this possible. I use the following code to connect - (void)findTurnBasedMatchWithViewcontroller:(UIViewController *)viewController forDelegate:(id)argDelegate { self.delegate = argDelegate; presentingViewController = viewController; GKMatchRequest *request = [[GKMatchRequest alloc] init]; request.minPlayers = 2; request.maxPlayers = 2; [manager setCurrentGameType:kTurnBased]; GKTurnBasedMatchmakerViewController *mmvc = [[GKTurnBasedMatchmakerViewController alloc] initWithMatchRequest:request]; mmvc.turnBasedMatchmakerDelegate = self; mmvc.showExistingMatches = NO; [presentingViewController presentViewController:mmvc animated:YES completion:^(void) { }]; }

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  • Faking Display tree (Sprite) parent child relationships with rasters (BitmapData) in ActionScript 3

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    I am working with Rasters (bitmapData) and blliting (copypixels) in a 2d-game in actionscript 3. I like how you can move a sprite and it moves all it's children, and you can simultaneously move the children creating an interesting visual effect. I do not want to use rotation or scaling however cause I do not know how that can be done without hampering with performance. So I'm not simulating Sprite parent-child behavior and sticking to the movement on the (x, y) axis. What I am planning to do is create a class called RasterContainer which extends bitmapData that has a vector of children of type Raster(extending bitmapData), now I am planning to implement recursive rendering in RasterContainer, that basically copyPixels every child, only changing their (x, y) offset to reflect their parent's offset. My question is, has this been implemented in an existing framework? Is this a good plan? Do I expect a serious performance hit for using recursive methods this way?

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  • What is this type of sound effect called?

    - by Fibericon
    There is a sound typically associated with a bright flash of light, which starts with a lower whirring noise, then breaks into a higher pitched sound. What is that type of sound called? I'm not sure how to begin searching for that, so a typical name for it would be very helpful. It's something similar to what occurs at 0:41 in this youtube video (here's a link to a few seconds beforehand), where Naruto 6 tails transforms into Kyuubei in Naruto Generations.

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  • Animating sprites in HTML5 canvas

    - by fnx
    I'm creating a 2D platformer game with HTML5 canvas and javascript. I'm having a bit of a struggle with animations. Currently I animate by getting preloaded images from an array, and the code is really simple, in player.update() I call a function that does this: var animLength = this.animations[id].length; this.counter++; this.counter %= 3; if (this.counter == 2) this.spriteCounter++; this.spriteCounter %= animLength; return this.animations[id][this.spriteCounter]; There are a couple of problems with this one: When the player does 2 actions that require animating at the same time, animation speed doubles. Apparently this.counter++ is working twice at the same time. I imagine that if I start animating multiple sprites with this, the animation speed will multiply by the amount of sprites. Other issue is that I couldn't make the animation run only once instead of looping while key is held down. Someone told me that I should create a function Animation(animation id, isLooped boolean) and the use something like player.sprite = new Animation("explode", false) but I don't know how to make it work. Yes I'm a noob... :)

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  • Difficulties with rotation of a sprite

    - by Andy
    I want to program a dolphin that jumps and rotates like a real dolphin. Jumping is not the problem, but I don't know how to make the rotation. My dolphin always rests in the same angle while it jumps. But I want that it changes the rotation during the jump, like a real dolphin does. How can I improve the rotation? public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; Texture2D image, water; float Gravity = 5.0F; float Acceleration = 20.0F; Vector2 Position = new Vector2(1200,720); Vector2 Velocity; float rotation = 0; SpriteEffects flip; Vector2 Speed = new Vector2(0, 0); public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 1280; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 720; } protected override void Initialize() { base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); image = Content.Load<Texture2D>("cartoondolphin"); water = Content.Load<Texture2D>("background"); flip = SpriteEffects.None; } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { float VelocityX = 0f; float VelocityY = 0f; float time = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; KeyboardState kbState = Keyboard.GetState(); if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { rotation = 0; flip = SpriteEffects.None; VelocityX += -5f; } if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { rotation = 0; flip = SpriteEffects.FlipHorizontally; VelocityX += 5f; } // jump if the dolphin is under water if(Position.Y >= 670) { if (kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { if (flip == SpriteEffects.None) { rotation = 45; VelocityY += 40f; } else { rotation = -45; VelocityY += 40f; } } } else { VelocityY += -10f; } float deltaY = 0; float deltaX = 0; deltaY = Gravity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; deltaX += VelocityX * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; deltaY += -VelocityY * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; Speed = new Vector2(Speed.X + deltaX, Speed.Y + deltaY); Position += Speed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Velocity.X = 0; if (Position.Y + image.Height/2 > graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight) Position.Y = graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight - image.Height/2; base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(water, new Rectangle(0, graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight -100, graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth, 100), Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(image, Position, null, Color.White, MathHelper.ToRadians(rotation), new Vector2(image.Width / 2, image.Height / 2), 1, flip, 1); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } }

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  • 3D RTS pathfinding

    - by xcrypt
    I understand the A* algorithm, but I have some trouble doing it in 3D to suit the needs of my RTS Basically, in the game I'm making, there will be agents with different sizes of OBB collision boxes. I can use steering behaviours for avoiding other agents, so I don't need complete dynamic pathfinding. However, there is a problem because different agents have different collision geometry, and structures can be placed in almost any place. This means that there might be a gap between two structures where some agents can go through and some can't. A solution I have found to this problem is to do a sweep of the collision geometry of the agent from start node of the edge the pf algorithm is currently testing, to the end node of that edge. But this is probably a bit overkill since every edge the algorithm tests would also have to create and test with a collision geometry sweep. What are some reasonable approaches to this problem? I should mention that I'd prefer not to use navmeshes, I prefer waypoints because my entire system is based on it atm.

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  • Problem Implementing Texture on Libgdx Mesh of Randomized Terrain

    - by BrotherJack
    I'm having problems understanding how to apply a texture to a non-rectangular object. The following code creates textures such as this: from the debug renderer I think I've got the physical shape of the "earth" correct. However, I don't know how to apply a texture to it. I have a 50x50 pixel image (in the environment constructor as "dirt.png"), that I want to apply to the hills. I have a vague idea that this seems to involve the mesh class and possibly a ShapeRenderer, but the little i'm finding online is just confusing me. Bellow is code from the class that makes and regulates the terrain and the code in a separate file that is supposed to render it (but crashes on the mesh.render() call). Any pointers would be appreciated. public class Environment extends Actor{ Pixmap sky; public Texture groundTexture; Texture skyTexture; double tankypos; //TODO delete, temp public Tank etank; //TODO delete, temp int destructionRes; // how wide is a static pixel private final float viewWidth; private final float viewHeight; private ChainShape terrain; public Texture dirtTexture; private World world; public Mesh terrainMesh; private static final String LOG = Environment.class.getSimpleName(); // Constructor public Environment(Tank tank, FileHandle sfileHandle, float w, float h, int destructionRes) { world = new World(new Vector2(0, -10), true); this.destructionRes = destructionRes; sky = new Pixmap(sfileHandle); viewWidth = w; viewHeight = h; skyTexture = new Texture(sky); terrain = new ChainShape(); genTerrain((int)w, (int)h, 6); Texture tankSprite = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("TankSpriteBase.png")); Texture turretSprite = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("TankSpriteTurret.png")); tank = new Tank(0, true, tankSprite, turretSprite); Rectangle tankrect = new Rectangle(300, (int)tankypos, 44, 45); tank.setRect(tankrect); BodyDef terrainDef = new BodyDef(); terrainDef.type = BodyType.StaticBody; terrainDef.position.set(0, 0); Body terrainBody = world.createBody(terrainDef); FixtureDef fixtureDef = new FixtureDef(); fixtureDef.shape = terrain; terrainBody.createFixture(fixtureDef); BodyDef tankDef = new BodyDef(); Rectangle rect = tank.getRect(); tankDef.type = BodyType.DynamicBody; tankDef.position.set(0,0); tankDef.position.x = rect.x; tankDef.position.y = rect.y; Body tankBody = world.createBody(tankDef); FixtureDef tankFixture = new FixtureDef(); PolygonShape shape = new PolygonShape(); shape.setAsBox(rect.width*WORLD_TO_BOX, rect.height*WORLD_TO_BOX); fixtureDef.shape = shape; dirtTexture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("dirt.png")); etank = tank; } private void genTerrain(int w, int h, int hillnessFactor){ int width = w; int height = h; Random rand = new Random(); //min and max bracket the freq's of the sin/cos series //The higher the max the hillier the environment int min = 1; //allocating horizon for screen width Vector2[] horizon = new Vector2[width+2]; horizon[0] = new Vector2(0,0); double[] skyline = new double[width]; //TODO skyline necessary as an array? //ratio of amplitude of screen height to landscape variation double r = (int) 2.0/5.0; //number of terms to be used in sine/cosine series int n = 4; int[] f = new int[n*2]; //calculating omegas for sine series for(int i = 0; i < n*2 ; i ++){ f[i] = rand.nextInt(hillnessFactor - min + 1) + min; } //amp is the amplitude of the series int amp = (int) (r*height); double lastPoint = 0.0; for(int i = 0 ; i < width; i ++){ skyline[i] = 0; for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){ skyline[i] += ( Math.sin( (f[j]*Math.PI*i/height) ) + Math.cos(f[j+n]*Math.PI*i/height) ); } skyline[i] *= amp/(n*2); skyline[i] += (height/2); skyline[i] = (int)skyline[i]; //TODO Possible un-necessary float to int to float conversions tankypos = skyline[i]; horizon[i+1] = new Vector2((float)i, (float)skyline[i]); if(i == width) lastPoint = skyline[i]; } horizon[width+1] = new Vector2(800, (float)lastPoint); terrain.createChain(horizon); terrain.createLoop(horizon); //I have no idea if the following does anything useful :( terrainMesh = new Mesh(true, (width+2)*2, (width+2)*2, new VertexAttribute(Usage.Position, (width+2)*2, "a_position")); float[] vertices = new float[(width+2)*2]; short[] indices = new short[(width+2)*2]; for(int i=0; i < (width+2); i+=2){ vertices[i] = horizon[i].x; vertices[i+1] = horizon[i].y; indices[i] = (short)i; indices[i+1] = (short)(i+1); } terrainMesh.setVertices(vertices); terrainMesh.setIndices(indices); } Here is the code that is (supposed to) render the terrain. @Override public void render(float delta) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); // tell the camera to update its matrices. camera.update(); // tell the SpriteBatch to render in the // coordinate system specified by the camera. backgroundStage.draw(); backgroundStage.act(delta); uistage.draw(); uistage.act(delta); batch.begin(); debugRenderer.render(this.ground.getWorld(), camera.combined); batch.end(); //Gdx.graphics.getGL10().glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D); ground.dirtTexture.bind(); ground.terrainMesh.render(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN); //I'm particularly lost on this ground.step(); }

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