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  • Shadowmap first phase and shaders

    - by KaiserJohaan
    I am using OpenGL 3.3 and am tryin to implement shadow mapping using cube maps. I have a framebuffer with a depth attachment and a cube map texture. My question is how to design the shaders for the first pass, when creating the shadowmap. This is my vertex shader: in vec3 position; uniform mat4 lightWVP; void main() { gl_Position = lightWVP * vec4(position, 1.0); } Now, do I even need a fragment shader in this shader pass? from what I understand after reading http://www.opengl.org/wiki/Fragment_Shader, by default gl_FragCoord.z is written to the currently attached depth component (to which my cubemap texture is bound to). Thus I shouldnt even need a fragment shader for this pass and from what I understand, there is no other work to do in the fragment shader other than writing this value. Is this correct?

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  • Reacting to rectangle on rectangle collisions

    - by mcjohnalds45
    I don't know how to react to collisions between two axis aligned rectangles that have x, y, width and height values (x and y are from the centre of the box) to make them simply not overlap. I figured I'd just make them move away from each other depending on how far they intersect in the opposite direction (left, right, up or down) of where they collided. If I check for collisions only on the x axis or only on the y axis it works fine, but when checking for both collisions crazy stuff happens. This code executes when the first box collides with the second. It's in lua but feel free to answer in anything that isn't to too counter-intuitive. if box1.x < box2.x then box1.x = box1.x + box2.x - box1.x - (box1.width / 2) - (box2.width / 2) end if box1.x > box2.x then box1.x = box1.x - (box1.x - box2.x - (box1.width / 2) - (box2.width / 2)) end if box1.y < box2.y then box1.y = box1.y + box2.y - box1.y - (box1.height / 2) - (box2.height / 2) end if box1.y > box2.y then box1.y = box1.y - (box1.y - box2.y - (box1.height / 2) - (box2.height / 2)) end

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  • How to create a reasonably sized urban area manually but efficiently

    - by Overv
    I have a game concept that only really works in an urban area that is of reasonable scale and diversity. In terms of what it should look like, think GTA, in terms of the size think more like a small neighbourhood with residents and a few local shops, perhaps a supermarket. I'm mostly experienced in programming and not at all with modelling, texturing or drawing, but I've found that SketchUp allows me to design interesting looking buildings that I model after real world buildings in my own neighbourhood. Designing these buildings and other objects can take from a few tens of minutes to a few hours. My question is: what is the best approach for a one man army like me who does manage to model buildings to create an interesting city environment in a reasonable amount of time? My game will not be based on procedural generation, the environment will actually be modelled like GTA cities.

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  • How much server bandwidth does an average RTS game require per month?

    - by Nat Weiss
    My friend and I are going to write a multiplayer, multiplatform RTS game and are currently analyzing the costs of going with a client-server architecture. The game will have a small map with mostly characters, not buildings (think of DotA or League of Legends). The authoritative game logic will run on the server and message packet sizes will be highly optimized. We'd like to know approximately how much server bandwidth our proposed RTS game would use on a monthly basis, considering these theoretical constants: 100 concurrent users maximum 8 players maximum per game 10 ticks per second Bonus: If you can tell us approximately how much server RAM this kind of game would use that would also help a great deal. Thanks in advance.

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  • how to use opengl blend mode/functions to brighten/darken a texture.

    - by Jigar
    Tried this code, but the texture didnot get any lighter. try { texture = TextureLoader.getTexture("png", Game.class.getResourceAsStream("/brick.png"), true, GL_NEAREST); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } GL11.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture.getTextureID()); glEnable(GL_BLEND); glBlendFunc(GL_CONSTANT_ALPHA, GL_CONSTANT_ALPHA); GL14.glBlendColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f); glColor4f(1, 1, 1, 0.5f); GL11.glBegin(GL11.GL_QUADS); // Start Drawing Quads // Front Face GL11.glNormal3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Normal Pointing Towards Viewer GL11.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); GL11.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); // Point 1 (Front) GL11.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); GL11.glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); // Point 2 (Front) GL11.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); GL11.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Point 3 (Front) GL11.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); GL11.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Point 4 (Front) glEnd();

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  • Beginner question about vertex arrays in OpenGL

    - by MrDatabase
    Is there a special order in which vertices are entered into a vertex array? Currently I'm drawing single textures like this: glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName); glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, vertices); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, coordinates); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4); where vertices has four "xy pairs". This is working fine. As a test I doubled the sizes of the vertices and coordinates arrays and changed the last line above to: glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 8); since vertices now contains eight "xy pairs". I do see two textures (the second is intentionally offset from the first). However the textures are now distorted. I've tried passing GL_TRIANGLES to glDrawArrays instead of GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP but this doesn't work either. I'm so new to OpenGL that I thought it's best to just ask here :-) Cheers!

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  • Creating smooth lighting transitions using tiles in HTML5/JavaScript game

    - by user12098
    I am trying to implement a lighting effect in an HTML5/JavaScript game using tile replacement. What I have now is kind of working, but the transitions do not look smooth/natural enough as the light source moves around. Here's where I am now: Right now I have a background map that has a light/shadow spectrum PNG tilesheet applied to it - going from darkest tile to completely transparent. By default the darkest tile is drawn across the entire level on launch, covering all other layers etc. I am using my predetermined tile sizes (40 x 40px) to calculate the position of each tile and store its x and y coordinates in an array. I am then spawning a transparent 40 x 40px "grid block" entity at each position in the array The engine I'm using (ImpactJS) then allows me to calculate the distance from my light source entity to every instance of this grid block entity. I can then replace the tile underneath each of those grid block tiles with a tile of the appropriate transparency. Currently I'm doing the calculation like this in each instance of the grid block entity that is spawned on the map: var dist = this.distanceTo( ig.game.player ); var percentage = 100 * dist / 960; if (percentage < 2) { // Spawns tile 64 of the shadow spectrum tilesheet at the specified position ig.game.backgroundMaps[2].setTile( this.pos.x, this.pos.y, 64 ); } else if (percentage < 4) { ig.game.backgroundMaps[2].setTile( this.pos.x, this.pos.y, 63 ); } else if (percentage < 6) { ig.game.backgroundMaps[2].setTile( this.pos.x, this.pos.y, 62 ); } // etc... (sorry about the weird spacing, I still haven't gotten the hang of pasting code in here properly) The problem is that like I said, this type of calculation does not make the light source look very natural. Tile switching looks too sharp whereas ideally they would fade in and out smoothly using the spectrum tilesheet (I copied the tilesheet from another game that manages to do this, so I know it's not a problem with the tile shades. I'm just not sure how the other game is doing it). I'm thinking that perhaps my method of using percentages to switch out tiles could be replaced with a better/more dynamic proximity forumla of some sort that would allow for smoother transitions? Might anyone have any ideas for what I can do to improve the visuals here, or a better way of calculating proximity with the information I'm collecting about each tile? (PS: I'm reposting this from Stack Overflow at someone's suggestion, sorry about the duplicate!)

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  • Orthographic Projection with variable FOV

    - by cubrman
    We are building agame with orthographic view. The problem we face is the fact that with different resolution you can see different area of the game world. E.g. if you have higher resolution you can see more around you. To solve this we currently use a common scale factor that every model is scaled by, depending on resolution. But this has drawbacks when drawing shadows - I cannot set a higher view angle for the orthographic shadow camera, while when using the perspective shadow camera I get significantly worse shadow quality. So the question is is there any way to controll FOV when using orthographic projection, or, more specifically, what is the easiest way to scale the world uniformly up or down with orthographic projection matrix? I saw that in 3ds MAX you can control FOV for an orthographic camera I wonder how they implemented it.

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  • Any significant performance cost to using BlendState.Premultiplied?

    - by Donutz
    Normally I guess you'd use BlendState.AlphaBlend because normally when you load your textures through the pipeline they're already premultiplied. However, if you're loading textures at runtime from PNGs or some such, you have to loop through the pixels and premultiply them, which can take a long time if you've got a lot of textures to load. So it looks (haven't tried it) like using BlendState.Premultiplied instead of BlendState.AlphaBlend should handle non-premultiplied textures and produce the same visual result, without all the startup costs. I have to wonder if there's a non-obvious cost to doing this, like a huge drop in performance or something. Anyone know?

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  • 2D Car Simulation with Throttle Linear Physics

    - by James
    I'm trying to make a simulation game for an automatic cruise control system. The system simulates a car on varying inclinations and throttle speeds. I've coded up to the car physics but these do note make sense. The dynamics of the simulation are specified as follows: a = V' - V T = (k1)V + ?(k2) + ma V' = (1 - (k1 / m) V) + T - ( k2 / m) * ? Where T = throttle position k1 = viscous friction V = speed V' = next speed ? = angle of incline k2 = m g sin ? a = acceleration m = mass Notice that the angle of incline in the equation is not chopped up by sin or cos. Even the equation for acceleration isn't right. Can anyone correct them or am I misinterpreting the physics?

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  • How to model interentity membership in entity-component architecture?

    - by croxis
    I'm falling in love with simple grace of entity-component design, although I still have issues breaking from MVC and OOP practices. Some of my game entities have membership relationships with each other (ex: a player is a member of a city, a city is a member of a nation), and I am unsure on the best way to implement it. My initial reaction is to have a a MemberOfCity component that points to the appropriate city component, but components are suppose to have no references to each other. My other option is to have a System do it, but that would require the system to persist data outside of a component. Is there a clean way to do this in an entity-component design, or am I trying to use a hammer on a screw and should use a hybrid/another approach?

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  • 2D camera perspective projection from 3D coordinates -- HOW?

    - by Jack
    I am developing a camera for a 2D game with a top-down view that has depth. It's almost a 3D camera. Basically, every object has a Z even though it is in 2D, and similarly to parallax layers their position, scale and rotation speed vary based on their Z. I guess this would be a perspective projection. But I am having trouble converting the objects' 3D coordinates into the 2D space of the screen so that everything has correct perspective and scale. I never learned matrices though I did dig the topic a bit today. I tried without using matrices thanks to this article but every attempt gave awkward results. I'm using ActionScript 3 and Flash 11+ (Starling), where the screen coordinates work like this: Left-handed coordinates system illustration I can explain further what I did if you want to help me sort out what's wrong, or you can directly tell me how you would do it properly. In case you prefer the former, read on. These are images showing the formulas I used: upload.wikimedia.org/math/1/c/8/1c89722619b756d05adb4ea38ee6f62b.png upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/4/0/d4069770c68cb8f1aa4b5cfc57e81bc3.png (Sorry new users can't post images, but both are from the wikipedia article linked above, section "Perspective projection". That's where you'll find what all variables mean, too) The long formula is greatly simplified because I believe a normal top-down 2D camera has no X/Y/Z rotation values (correct ?). Then it becomes d = a - c. Still, I can't get it to work. Maybe you could explain what numbers I should put in a(xyz), c(xyz), theta(xyz), and particularly, e(xyz) ? I don't quite get how e is different than c in my case. c.z is also an issue to me. If the Z of the camera's target object is 0, should the camera's Z be something like -600 ? ( = focal length of 600) Whatever I do, it's wrong. I only got it to work when I used arbitrary calculations that "looked" right, like most cameras with parallax layers seem to do, but that's fake! ;) If I want objects to travel between Z layers I might as well do it right. :) Thanks a lot for your help!

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  • What 2D game engines are there available for C++?

    - by dysoco
    I just realized there are not C++ 2D Game Engines that I know of. For example, something like Pygame in Python, or Slick2D in Java. We have the following: SDL - Too low level, not a Game Engine SFML - Handles more things than SDL and it's more modern, but still not a Game Engine. I like it, but I have found it a little bit buggy with the 2.0 version. Irrlitch - It's a Game Engine, but 3D focused. Ogre3D - Same as Irrlitch Allegro - This is a Game Engine, but it's C based, I'd like a modern C++ library. Monocle Engine - This looks like what I need... but sadly there is no Documentation, no community... nothing, all I have is the Github repo. So, do you know any ? I'd like to use C++, not C#, not Java: I'm just more comfortable with C++.

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  • Setting Krypton Light to Screen Pixels

    - by Adam Jerrett
    So a few days back, I started playing around with Krypton XNA for 2D lighting in my game. I noticed in general, that spawning a light at (0,0) with Krypton causes the light to appear in, pretty much, the centre of the game screen. Is there any way to change this so a Krypton light's "starting point" at [0,0] would spawn at the top left of the screen, and thus follow the standard screen co-ordinates for position? I ask because currently I'm busy working on my game where my spawn point is [512,512]. With hard code, the closest I've got to the light being "central" to this point is the vector position [12,-20], which makes no sense and is impossible to craft, mathematically, if I want the light to move with the camera (the position [480,512] maps roughly to [10,-20]). So, is there any way to "normalise" the krypton lights to use standard screen co-ordinates? If you guys can, play around with the demo from the site and please see if you can find anything out about it. Documentation on the engine is rather scarce, so it's difficult to find anything relevant to my "pixel-perfect" need. It might just also be something in the code with regards to the matrices that I'm not fully understanding. Any help would be useful. Thanks.

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  • Inverse projection: question about w coordinate

    - by fayeWilly
    I have to perform in shader an inverse projection from a u/v of a render target. What I do is: Get NDC as 2*(u,v,depth) - 1 Then world space as tmp = (P*V)^-1 * (NDC,1.0); world space = tmp/tmp.w; This apparently works, but I am confused about the w division there. Why this work? Shouldn't be a multiplication by a w somewhere (as in the "forward" pipeline there is the perpsective division?) Thank you, Faye

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  • What is the practical use of IBOs / degenerate vertex in OpenGL?

    - by 0xFAIL
    Vertices in 3D models CAN get cut in the process of optimizing 3D geometry, (degenerate vertices) by 3D graphics software (Blender, ...) when exporting because they aren't needed when reusing a vertex for multiple triangles. (In the current case 3D data is exported from Blender as .ply and read by a simple application that displays the 3D model) Every vertex has a few attributes like position, color, normal, tangent,... But the data for each vertex that is cut through the vertex sharing is lost and is missing in the vertex shader. Modern shader techniques like Bump or Normal mapping require normals/tangents per vertex which are also cut. To use complex shader techniques IBOs must not be used? Or is there a way to use IBOs and retain the data per vertex that was origionally lost?

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  • XNA clip plane effect makes models black

    - by user1990950
    When using this effect file: float4x4 World; float4x4 View; float4x4 Projection; float4 ClipPlane0; void vs(inout float4 position : POSITION0, out float4 clipDistances : TEXCOORD0) { clipDistances.x = dot(position, ClipPlane0); clipDistances.y = 0; clipDistances.z = 0; clipDistances.w = 0; position = mul(mul(mul(position, World), View), Projection); } float4 ps(float4 clipDistances : TEXCOORD0) : COLOR0 { clip(clipDistances); return float4(0, 0, 0, 0); } technique { pass { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 vs(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 ps(); } } all models using this are rendered black. Is it possible to render them correctly?

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  • How can I achieve strong typing with a component messaging system?

    - by Vaughan Hilts
    I'm looking at implementing a messaging system in my entity component system. I've deduced that I can use an event / queue for passing messages, but right now, I just use a generic object and cast out the data I want. I also considered using a dictionary. I see a lot of information on this, but they all involve a lot of casting and guessing. Is there any way to do this elegantly and keep strong typing on my messages?

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  • Ideas for time-keeping in a webbased RPG?

    - by ashy_32bit
    I'm assigned a task of doing the preliminary research stuff for a web-based MMO RPG. Now my buggiest problem here is "web based" vs "MMO RPG". I did some research about time keeping systems and I'm totally confused as how exactly something as real-time as an MMO-RPG can work on some pull-only (unidirectional) platform like HTTP. I know there is also a turn-based alternative to time keeping but can it work in an MMO setting ? EDIT: Take a battle for example, player A (human) wants to attack Player B (also human) in the open. How does it work when when player A issues the "attack" command on player B ? how do I inform player B that he is being attacked ? and then how exactly the battle goes on between the two in an HTTP based communication channel? To my knowledge this is impossible unless you resort to another technology (HTML is 1-way, that is you can just ask server and get response, server can't update you unless being asked to. this is very well-known and simply explained). So I though maybe I can somehow change the whole timekeeping model from real-time to a more non-real-time model (towards a turn based RPG for example) and somehow work around the whole problem of "interactivity". EDIT2: It is not that I don't wanna use any server side technologies. For sure it is not gonna work client-side-only even for the most trivial of the multi-player games, let alone an RPG. So sure there would be a (probably complex) server side component to it (the so called Game Engine I suppose). The problem is not the technology that implements the logic (game mechanics) bits but the communication technology and how it limits the game mechanics abilities (like how real-time or turn based it is gonna be). HTTP is a request-response protocol meaning you get served only if you ask for it (explicitly send a GET or POST request to the server). HTTP server can not inform you if anything of interest happens in the game world unless you refresh the page (as some suggested) or you use some bi-directional tech (totally different animals) like Flash, WebSock, HTML5 etc etc. So maybe the question is: Is it possible to implement a MMORPG using only HTML5/PHP and no periodic page refreshes? if so what would be rules to make it an MMO-RPG? Can't explain it any clearer. Sorry :D

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  • Creating an interactive grid for a puzzle game

    - by Noupoi
    I am trying to make a slitherlink game, and am not too sure how to approach creating the game, more specifically the grid structure on which the puzzle will be played on. This is what a empty and completed slitherlink grid would look like: The numbers in the squares are sort of clues and the areas between the dots need to be clickable: I would like to create the game in VB .NET. What data structures should I try to use, and would it be beneficial using any frameworks such as XNA?

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  • Drawing a sprite or text causes the OpenGl rendering to 'disappear' in SFML

    - by Ken
    I'm using some SFML built in functions to draw sprites and text as an overlay on top of some OpenGL rending in an SFML RenderWindow. The opengl rendering appears fine until I add the code to draw the sprites or text. The sprite or text drawing causes the OpenGL stuff to disappear. The follow code show what I'm trying to do sf::RenderWindow window(sf::VideoMode(viewport.width,viewport.height,32), "SFML Window"); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glOrtho(0,viewport.width,0,viewport.height,0,1); while (window.pollEvent(Event)) { //event handling... //begin drawing glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); glColor3f(col.x,col.y,col.z); for(int i=0;i<3;i++) glVertex2f(pos.x+verts[i].x,pos.y+verts[i].y); glEnd(); // adding this line causes all the previous opengl triangles not to appear window.draw("Sometext"); window.display(); }

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  • Simple Math Multiplayer game - is Ajax sufficient?

    - by Christian Strang
    I'm planning to create a simple math multiplayer game and I plan to just use Ajax for the server/client communication but I'm not sure if this is sufficient or if I need a socket server. The game will look like this: 2-4 users all get a simple math task (like: "37 + 14") they have to solve it as fast as possible first user who solves it is the winner I will track the time for each user, since the game started, on the client side and everytime a user gives an answer, the answer and the passed time will be send to the server. Additionally I'll add a function which will check every 3 seconds if the other users finished, how much time they needed and who won. Do you think this is possible just using Ajax? What alternatives are there?

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  • Creating a level editor event system

    - by Vaughan Hilts
    I'm designing a level editor for game, and I'm trying to create sort of an 'event' system so I can chain together things. If anyone has used RPG Maker, I'm trying to do similar to their system. Right now, I have an 'EventTemplate' class and a bunch of sub-classed 'EventNodes' which basically just contain properties of their data. Orginally, the IAction and IExecute interface performed logic but it was moved into a DLL to share between the two projects. Question: How can I abstract logic from data in this case? Is my model wrong? Isn't cast typing expensive to parse these actions all the time? Should I write a 'Processor' class to execute these all? But then these actions that can do all sorts of things need to interact with all sorts of sub-systems.

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  • AndEngine Box2d game

    - by OneMoreVladimir
    I'm developing a 2d survival shooter using Box2d extension and I've got some questions: I have two AnalogOnScreenControls. Their listeners modify both sprites and bodies. I receive TouchEventPool was exhausted and as their number grows the game crashes accidently. I've tried to put the modification of the bodies and sprites on the UpdateThread but that does not solve the problem. What could be the cause? I have a class that at the beginnig of the game loads all the textures. After I relaunch the game activity several times I receive Unable to find Phys Addr for and "green color" interface. But that doesn't happen if I clear the memory manually through the Task Manager before relaunch What could be the cause? I unload my atlas at the end of the game. The game sometimes crashes at start with NullPointerException in onResumeGame. The solution suggested is to set android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize" but my device is API 10 so it doesn't have screenSize property and orientation only does not seem to help, because the game starts in portrait mode at times (though landscape is set in the code)

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  • JavaScript 3D space ship rotation

    - by user36202
    I am working with a fairly low-level JavaScript 3D API (not Three.js) which uses euler angles for rotation. In most cases, euler angles work quite well for doing things like aligning buildings, operating a hovercraft, or looking around in the first-person. However, in space there is no up or down. I want to control the ship's roll, pitch, and yaw. To do that, some people would use a local coordinate system or a permenant matrix or quaternion or whatever to represent the ship's angle. However, since I am not most people and am using a library that deals exclusively in euler angles, I will be using relative angles to represent how to rotate the ship in space and getting the resulting non-relative euler angles. For you math nerds, that means I need to convert 3 euler angles (with Y being the vertical axis, X representing the pitch, and Z representing a roll which is unaffected by the other angles, left-handed system) into a 3x3 orientation matrix, do something fancy with the matrix, and convert it back into the 3 euler angles. Euler to matrix to euler. Somebody has posted something similar to this on SO (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1217775/rotating-a-spaceship-model-for-a-space-simulator-game) but he ended up just working with a matrix. This will not do for me. Also, I am using JavaScript, not C++. What I want essentially are the functions do_roll, do_pitch, and do_yaw which only take in and put out euler angles. Many thanks.

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