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  • Effective way to check if an Entity/Player enters a region/trigger

    - by Chris
    I was wondering how multiplayer games detect if you enter a special region. Let's assume there is a huge map that is so big that simply checking it would become a huge performance issue. I've seen bukkit (a modding API for Minecraft servers) firing an Event on every single move. I don't think that larger games do the same because even if you have only a few coordinates you are interested in, you have to loop through a few trigger zone to see if the player is inside your region - for every player. This seems like an extremely CPU-intense operation to me even though I've never developed something like that. Is there a special algorithm that is used by larger games to accomplish this? The only thing I could imagine is to split up the world into multiple parts and to register the event not on the movement itself but on all the parts that are covered by your area and only check for areas that are registered in the current part. And another thing I would like to know: How could you detect when someone must have entered a trigger but you never saw him directly in it since his client only sent you an move packet shortly before entering and after leaving the trigger area. Drawing a line and calculate all colliding parts seems rather CPU intensive if you have to perform it every time.

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  • How to use the zoom gesture in libgdx?

    - by user3452725
    I found the example code for the GestureListener class, but I don't understand the zoom method: private float initialScale = 1; public boolean zoom (float originalDistance, float currentDistance) { float ratio = originalDistance / currentDistance; //I get this camera.zoom = initialScale * ratio; //This doesn't make sense to me because it seems like every time you pinch to zoom, it resets to the original zoom which is 1. So basically it wouldn't 'save' the zoom right? System.out.println(camera.zoom); //Prints the camera zoom return false; } Am I not interpreting this right?

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  • JMonkey Engine (JME) load Blender scene with textures?

    - by leigero
    I am having the hardest time trying to accomplish the simplest task. I have created a floor and 4 walls (not that complicated) in Blender. I added a basic material and cloud texture so they have something to look at other than gray. When I import them into JMonkey they show up as solid white objects with no shading or depth. White silhouettes. I thought this may be a lighting issue, but I have ambient light added to the scene. I can remove that light or adjust its intensity and it has no affect on the scene. I exported all Blender files into OgreXML format, then converted them to .j3o format in JMonkey. I renamed the textures to match their corresponding mesh and this didn't do anything. Does anybody know how to create a flat object and put it into JMonkey with a texture? This sounds simple and there is absolutely no information on this. This should be step 1!

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  • Largest sphere inside a frustum

    - by Will
    How do you find the largest sphere that you can draw in perspective? Viewed from the top, it'd be this: Added: on the frustum on the right, I've marked four points I think we know something about. We can unproject all eight corners of the frusum, and the centres of the near and far ends. So we know point 1, 3 and 4. We also know that point 2 is the same distance from 3 as 4 is from 3. So then we can compute the nearest point on the line 1 to 4 to point 2 in order to get the centre? But the actual math and code escapes me. I want to draw models (which are approximately spherical and which I have a miniball bounding sphere for) as large as possible. Update: I've tried to implement the incircle-on-two-planes approach as suggested by bobobobo and Nathan Reed : function getFrustumsInsphere(viewport,invMvpMatrix) { var midX = viewport[0]+viewport[2]/2, midY = viewport[1]+viewport[3]/2, centre = unproject(midX,midY,null,null,viewport,invMvpMatrix), incircle = function(a,b) { var c = ray_ray_closest_point_3(a,b); a = a[1]; // far clip plane b = b[1]; // far clip plane c = c[1]; // camera var A = vec3_length(vec3_sub(b,c)), B = vec3_length(vec3_sub(a,c)), C = vec3_length(vec3_sub(a,b)), P = 1/(A+B+C), x = ((A*a[0])+(B*a[1])+(C*a[2]))*P, y = ((A*b[0])+(B*b[1])+(C*b[2]))*P, z = ((A*c[0])+(B*c[1])+(C*c[2]))*P; c = [x,y,z]; // now the centre of the incircle c.push(vec3_length(vec3_sub(centre[1],c))); // add its radius return c; }, left = unproject(viewport[0],midY,null,null,viewport,invMvpMatrix), right = unproject(viewport[2],midY,null,null,viewport,invMvpMatrix), horiz = incircle(left,right), top = unproject(midX,viewport[1],null,null,viewport,invMvpMatrix), bottom = unproject(midX,viewport[3],null,null,viewport,invMvpMatrix), vert = incircle(top,bottom); return horiz[3]<vert[3]? horiz: vert; } I admit I'm winging it; I'm trying to adapt 2D code by extending it into 3 dimensions. It doesn't compute the insphere correctly; the centre-point of the sphere seems to be on the line between the camera and the top-left each time, and its too big (or too close). Is there any obvious mistakes in my code? Does the approach, if fixed, work?

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  • How many vertices are needed to draw reasonably good-looking terrain?

    - by bobbaluba
    I have some pretty expensive code in my terrain vertex shader, and I am trying to figure out if it will still be fast enough. I haven't yet developed a level-of-detail system for my terrain rendering, but I can easily benchmark my code by just drawing mock triangles. My problem is, how do I know how many vertices to test with? Are there for example rendering engines that will tell me how many terrain vertices are currently on-screen? Or maybe it is possible to create a formula that will give me an estimate based on screen resolution?

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  • Cool examples of procedural pixel shader effects?

    - by Robert Fraser
    What are some good examples of procedural/screen-space pixel shader effects? No code necessary; just looking for inspiration. In particular, I'm looking for effects that are not dependent on geometry or the rest of the scene (would look okay rendered alone on a quad) and are not image processing (don't require a "base image", though they can incorporate textures). Multi-pass or single-pass is fine. Screenshots or videos would be ideal, but ideas work too. Here are a few examples of what I'm looking for (all from the RenderMonkey samples): PS - I'm aware of this question; I'm not asking for a source of actual shader implementations but instead for some inspirational ideas -- and the ones at the NVIDIA Shader Library mostly require a scene or are image processing effects. EDIT: this is an open-ended question and I wish there was a good way to split the bounty. I'll award the rep to the best answer on the last day.

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  • Friction not working for Vehicle in BulletPhysics

    - by Manmohan Bishnoi
    I am creating a vehicle using bullet-physics engine (v 2.82). I created a ground ( btBoxShape ), a box and a vehicle (following the demo). But friction between ground and vehicle wheels seems not working. As soon as the vehicle is placed in 3d world, it starts moving forward. START : Steering works for the vehicle, but engineForce and brakingForce does not work (i.e. I cannot speed-up or stop the vehicle) : I create physics world like this : void initPhysics() { broadphase = new btDbvtBroadphase(); collisionConfiguration = new btDefaultCollisionConfiguration(); dispatcher = new btCollisionDispatcher(collisionConfiguration); solver = new btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolver(); dynamicsWorld = new btDiscreteDynamicsWorld(dispatcher, broadphase, solver, collisionConfiguration); dynamicsWorld->setGravity(btVector3(0, -9.81, 0)); // Debug Drawer bulletDebugugger.setDebugMode(btIDebugDraw::DBG_DrawWireframe); dynamicsWorld->setDebugDrawer(&bulletDebugugger); //groundShape = new btStaticPlaneShape(btVector3(0, 1, 0), 1); groundShape = new btBoxShape(btVector3(50, 3, 50)); fallShape = new btBoxShape(btVector3(1, 1, 1)); // Orientation and Position of Ground groundMotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(btTransform(btQuaternion(0, 0, 0, 1), btVector3(0, -3, 0))); btRigidBody::btRigidBodyConstructionInfo groundRigidBodyCI(0, groundMotionState, groundShape, btVector3(0, 0, 0)); groundRigidBody = new btRigidBody(groundRigidBodyCI); dynamicsWorld->addRigidBody(groundRigidBody); /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Vehicle Setup /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// vehicleChassisShape = new btBoxShape(btVector3(1.f, 0.5f, 2.f)); vehicleBody = new btCompoundShape(); localTrans.setIdentity(); localTrans.setOrigin(btVector3(0, 1, 0)); vehicleBody->addChildShape(localTrans, vehicleChassisShape); localTrans.setOrigin(btVector3(3, 0.f, 0)); vehicleMotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(localTrans); //vehicleMotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(btTransform(btQuaternion(0, 0, 0, 1), btVector3(3, 0, 0))); btVector3 vehicleInertia(0, 0, 0); vehicleBody->calculateLocalInertia(vehicleMass, vehicleInertia); btRigidBody::btRigidBodyConstructionInfo vehicleRigidBodyCI(vehicleMass, vehicleMotionState, vehicleBody, vehicleInertia); vehicleRigidBody = new btRigidBody(vehicleRigidBodyCI); dynamicsWorld->addRigidBody(vehicleRigidBody); wheelShape = new btCylinderShapeX(btVector3(wheelWidth, wheelRadius, wheelRadius)); { vehicleRayCaster = new btDefaultVehicleRaycaster(dynamicsWorld); vehicle = new btRaycastVehicle(vehicleTuning, vehicleRigidBody, vehicleRayCaster); // never deactivate vehicle vehicleRigidBody->setActivationState(DISABLE_DEACTIVATION); dynamicsWorld->addVehicle(vehicle); float connectionHeight = 1.2f; bool isFrontWheel = true; vehicle->setCoordinateSystem(rightIndex, upIndex, forwardIndex); // 0, 1, 2 // add wheels // front left btVector3 connectionPointCS0(CUBE_HALF_EXTENT-(0.3*wheelWidth), connectionHeight, 2*CUBE_HALF_EXTENT-wheelRadius); vehicle->addWheel(connectionPointCS0, wheelDirectionCS0, wheelAxleCS, suspensionRestLength, wheelRadius, vehicleTuning, isFrontWheel); // front right connectionPointCS0 = btVector3(-CUBE_HALF_EXTENT+(0.3*wheelWidth), connectionHeight, 2*CUBE_HALF_EXTENT-wheelRadius); vehicle->addWheel(connectionPointCS0, wheelDirectionCS0, wheelAxleCS, suspensionRestLength, wheelRadius, vehicleTuning, isFrontWheel); isFrontWheel = false; // rear right connectionPointCS0 = btVector3(-CUBE_HALF_EXTENT+(0.3*wheelWidth), connectionHeight, -2*CUBE_HALF_EXTENT+wheelRadius); vehicle->addWheel(connectionPointCS0, wheelDirectionCS0, wheelAxleCS, suspensionRestLength, wheelRadius, vehicleTuning, isFrontWheel); // rear left connectionPointCS0 = btVector3(CUBE_HALF_EXTENT-(0.3*wheelWidth), connectionHeight, -2*CUBE_HALF_EXTENT+wheelRadius); vehicle->addWheel(connectionPointCS0, wheelDirectionCS0, wheelAxleCS, suspensionRestLength, wheelRadius, vehicleTuning, isFrontWheel); for (int i = 0; i < vehicle->getNumWheels(); i++) { btWheelInfo& wheel = vehicle->getWheelInfo(i); wheel.m_suspensionStiffness = suspensionStiffness; wheel.m_wheelsDampingRelaxation = suspensionDamping; wheel.m_wheelsDampingCompression = suspensionCompression; wheel.m_frictionSlip = wheelFriction; wheel.m_rollInfluence = rollInfluence; } } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Orientation and Position of Falling body fallMotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(btTransform(btQuaternion(0, 0, 0, 1), btVector3(-1, 5, 0))); btScalar mass = 1; btVector3 fallInertia(0, 0, 0); fallShape->calculateLocalInertia(mass, fallInertia); btRigidBody::btRigidBodyConstructionInfo fallRigidBodyCI(mass, fallMotionState, fallShape, fallInertia); fallRigidBody = new btRigidBody(fallRigidBodyCI); dynamicsWorld->addRigidBody(fallRigidBody); } I step physics world like this : // does not work vehicle->applyEngineForce(maxEngineForce, WHEEL_REARLEFT); vehicle->applyEngineForce(maxEngineForce, WHEEL_REARRIGHT); // these also do not work vehicle->setBrake(gBreakingForce, WHEEL_REARLEFT); vehicle->setBrake(gBreakingForce, WHEEL_REARRIGHT); // this works vehicle->setSteeringValue(gVehicleSteering, WHEEL_FRONTLEFT); vehicle->setSteeringValue(gVehicleSteering, WHEEL_FRONTRIGHT); dynamicsWorld->stepSimulation(1 / 60.0f, 10); However If I apply brakingForce to all 4 wheels (i.e. including WHEEL_FRONTLEFT and WHEEL_FRONTRIGHT), then my vehicle stops, but keeps sliding/moving forward very very slowly. How do I fix this ?

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  • How to I access "Deny" message from a Lidgren client?

    - by TJ Mott
    I'm using the Lidgren v3 network for a UDP client/server networking model. On the server end, I'm initializing a NetServer object with the NetIncomingMessage.ConnectionApproval message type enabled. So the client is able to successfully connect and the first packet it sends is a login packet, containing a username and password supplied by the user. The server is receiving that and doing some black magic to authenticate, and everything works up to that point. If the login fails, the server calling NetIncomingMessage.SenderConnection.Deny("Invalid Login Credentials"). I want to know how to properly receive this deny message on the client. I'm getting the message, it shows up with a message type of NetIncomingMessage.StatusChanged. If I call ReadString on that message, I get a corrupted version of the string I passed to the Deny method on the server. The type of corruption varies, I've seen odd characters in there but in every case it's truncated and is way shorter than the string I entered. Any ideas? The official documentation is sparse on this topic. I could use pointers from anyone who has successfully used the Lidgren library and uses the Accept or Deny methods. Also, if I don't do any authentication and just Approve() the connection every time, stuff actually works just fine and I'm getting reliable two-way UDP traffic. (And lastly, Stack Exchange said I don't have enough reputation to use the "Lidgren" tag....???)

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  • If I use my own normal values, should I turn off winding order culling?

    - by Phil
    I've discovered that I managed to program a series of boxes with indexed vertices in such a way that every other triangle (Half of each face) has a backwards winding order. As a result, XNA is culling half of them. However, my Vertex objects contain normal data that I have explicitly set, and I am going to implement my own backface culling shortly to reduce the size of the VertexBuffer. Should I turn off winding order culling and manage it myself, or should I make sure the winding order is consistent and let XNA handle it?

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  • DirectWrite Producing Strange Artifacts?

    - by smoth190
    I've written the basis to my UI system around Direct2D. I like it because it's fast and easy to use (even if I had to do some messy work to get it to work with DirectX11). However, I notice when using DirectWrite I'm getting strange problems with my text. As you can see, the e is a little screwwed up, and it overall looks a little bumpy. This only happens with certain fonts in certain sizes, and with certain arrangements of letters. This particular example is Verdana in size 16.0 font. Can I fix this? It's pretty annoying to change all my words and fonts because of this problem.

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  • Switching my collision detection to array lists caused it to stop working

    - by Charlton Santana
    I have made a collision detection system which worked when I did not use array list and block generation. It is weird why it's not working but here's the code, and if anyone could help I would be very grateful :) The first code if the block generation. private static final List<Block> BLOCKS = new ArrayList<Block>(); Random rnd = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis()); int randomx = 400; int randomy = 400; int blocknum = 100; String Title = "blocktitle" + blocknum; private Block block; public void generateBlocks(){ if(blocknum > 0){ int offset = rnd.nextInt(250) + 100; //500 is the maximum offset, this is a constant randomx += offset;//ofset will be between 100 and 400 int randomyoff = rnd.nextInt(80); //500 is the maximum offset, this is a constant randomy = platformheighttwo - 6 - randomyoff;//ofset will be between 100 and 400 block = new Block(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.block2), randomx, randomy); BLOCKS.add(block); blocknum -= 1; } The second is where the collision detection takes place note: the block.draw(canvas); works perfectly. It's the blocks that don't work. for(Block block : BLOCKS) { block.draw(canvas); if (sprite.bottomrx < block.bottomrx && sprite.bottomrx > block.bottomlx && sprite.bottomry < block.bottommy && sprite.bottomry > block.topry ){ Log.d(TAG, "Collided!!!!!!!!!!!!1"); } // bottom left touching block? if (sprite.bottomlx < block.bottomrx && sprite.bottomlx > block.bottomlx && sprite.bottomly < block.bottommy && sprite.bottomly > block.topry ){ Log.d(TAG, "Collided!!!!!!!!!!!!1"); } // top right touching block? if (sprite.toprx < block.bottomrx && sprite.toprx > block.bottomlx && sprite.topry < block.bottommy && sprite.topry > block.topry ){ Log.d(TAG, "Collided!!!!!!!!!!!!1"); } //top left touching block? if (sprite.toprx < block.bottomrx && sprite.toprx > block.bottomlx && sprite.topry < block.bottommy && sprite.topry > block.topry ){ Log.d(TAG, "Collided!!!!!!!!!!!!1"); } } The values eg bottomrx are in the block.java file..

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  • Asset missing problem XNA

    - by ChocoMan
    I'm using VS2010 with XNA 4.0 and I'm trying to load an FBX model with texture on the screen. The problem I'm having is this error: Missing Asset: C:\Users\ChocoMan\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\XNAGame\Documents\Visual Studio\Projects\XNAGame\XNAGameContent\Textures\texture.bmp but the actual path to the texture is C:\Users\ChocoMan\Documents\Visual Studio\Projects\XNAGame\XNAGameContent\Textures\texture.bmp Also, when I linked the texture in Maya, I used the above address. Does anyone know why VS is looking for an incorrect address that doesnt exist?

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  • Tessellation Texture Coordinates

    - by Stuart Martin
    Firstly some info - I'm using DirectX 11 , C++ and I'm a fairly good programmer but new to tessellation and not a master graphics programmer. I'm currently implementing a tessellation system for a terrain model, but i have reached a snag. My current system produces a terrain model from a height map complete with multiple texture coordinates, normals, binormals and tangents for rendering. Now when i was using a simple vertex and pixel shader combination everything worked perfectly but since moving to include a hull and domain shader I'm slightly confused and getting strange results. My terrain is a high detail model but the textured results are very large patches of solid colour. My current setup passes the model data into the vertex shader then through the hull into the domain and then finally into the pixel shader for use in rendering. My only thought is that in my hull shader i pass the information into the domain shader per patch and this is producing the large areas of solid colour because each patch has identical information. Lighting and normal data are also slightly off but not as visibly as texturing. Below is a copy of my hull shader that does not work correctly because i think the way that i am passing the data through is incorrect. If anyone can help me out but suggesting an alternative way to get the required data into the pixel shader? or by showing me the correct way to handle the data in the hull shader id be very thankful! cbuffer TessellationBuffer { float tessellationAmount; float3 padding; }; struct HullInputType { float3 position : POSITION; float2 tex : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; float3 tangent : TANGENT; float3 binormal : BINORMAL; float2 tex2 : TEXCOORD1; }; struct ConstantOutputType { float edges[3] : SV_TessFactor; float inside : SV_InsideTessFactor; }; struct HullOutputType { float3 position : POSITION; float2 tex : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; float3 tangent : TANGENT; float3 binormal : BINORMAL; float2 tex2 : TEXCOORD1; float4 depthPosition : TEXCOORD2; }; ConstantOutputType ColorPatchConstantFunction(InputPatch<HullInputType, 3> inputPatch, uint patchId : SV_PrimitiveID) { ConstantOutputType output; output.edges[0] = tessellationAmount; output.edges[1] = tessellationAmount; output.edges[2] = tessellationAmount; output.inside = tessellationAmount; return output; } [domain("tri")] [partitioning("integer")] [outputtopology("triangle_cw")] [outputcontrolpoints(3)] [patchconstantfunc("ColorPatchConstantFunction")] HullOutputType ColorHullShader(InputPatch<HullInputType, 3> patch, uint pointId : SV_OutputControlPointID, uint patchId : SV_PrimitiveID) { HullOutputType output; output.position = patch[pointId].position; output.tex = patch[pointId].tex; output.tex2 = patch[pointId].tex2; output.normal = patch[pointId].normal; output.tangent = patch[pointId].tangent; output.binormal = patch[pointId].binormal; return output; } Edited to include the domain shader:- [domain("tri")] PixelInputType ColorDomainShader(ConstantOutputType input, float3 uvwCoord : SV_DomainLocation, const OutputPatch<HullOutputType, 3> patch) { float3 vertexPosition; PixelInputType output; // Determine the position of the new vertex. vertexPosition = uvwCoord.x * patch[0].position + uvwCoord.y * patch[1].position + uvwCoord.z * patch[2].position; output.position = mul(float4(vertexPosition, 1.0f), worldMatrix); output.position = mul(output.position, viewMatrix); output.position = mul(output.position, projectionMatrix); output.depthPosition = output.position; output.tex = patch[0].tex; output.tex2 = patch[0].tex2; output.normal = patch[0].normal; output.tangent = patch[0].tangent; output.binormal = patch[0].binormal; return output; }

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  • Implementing Light Volume Front Faces

    - by cubrman
    I recently read an article about light indexed deferred rendering from here: http://code.google.com/p/lightindexed-deferredrender/ It explains its ideas in a clear way, but there was one point that I failed to understand. It in fact is one of the most interesting ones, as it explains how to implement transparency with this approach: Typically when rendering light volumes in deferred rendering, only surfaces that intersect the light volume are marked and lit. This is generally accomplished by a “shadow volume like” technique of rendering back faces – incrementing stencil where depth is greater than – then rendering front faces and only accepting when depth is less than and stencil is not zero. By only rendering front faces where depth is less than, all future lookups by fragments in the forward rendering pass will get all possible lights that could hit the fragment. Can anyone explain how exactly you need to render only front faces? Another question is why do you need the front faces at all? Why can't we simply render all the lights and store the ones that overlap at this pixel in a texture? Does this approach serves as a cut-off plane to discard lights blocked by opaque geometry?

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  • Interesting/Innovative Open Source tools for indie games [closed]

    - by Gastón
    Just out of curiosity, I want to know opensource tools or projects that can add some interesting features to indie games, preferably those that could only be found on big-budget games. EDIT: As suggested by The Communist Duck and Joe Wreschnig, I'm putting the examples as answers. EDIT 2: Please do not post tools like PyGame, Inkscape, Gimp, Audacity, Slick2D, Phys2D, Blender (except for interesting plugins) and the like. I know they are great tools/libraries and some would argue essential to develop good games, but I'm looking for more rare projects. Could be something really specific or niche, like generating realistic trees and plants, or realistic AI for animals.

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  • Issue with Mapping Textures to Models in Blender

    - by Passage
    I've been trying to texture a model using Blender, but when I draw on the UV Editor it doesn't show up on the model, and I can't draw on the model itself. I've tried saving the image and the 3D View is set to Texture. Everything seems to be in order and I've followed several tutorials, but none of them seem to work with the version I'm using (2.64-- update was necessary for import plugin) and I'm absolutely stumped. How can I draw textures to the model? If not within Blender itself, how do I export/import the textures? EDIT: Vertex Paint works, though it is insufficient for my purposes. In addition, moving to the rendered view produces a solid-color model with none of the applied textures.

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  • Drawing isometric map in canvas / javascript

    - by Dave
    I have a problem with my map design for my tiles. I set player position which is meant to be the middle tile that the canvas is looking at. How ever the calculation to put them in x:y pixel location is completely messed up for me and i don't know how to fix it. This is what i tried: var offset_x = 0; //used for scrolling on x var offset_y = 0; //used for scrolling on y var prev_mousex = 0; //for movePos function var prev_mousey = 0; //for movePos function function movePos(e){ if (prev_mousex === 0 && prev_mousey === 0) { prev_mousex = e.pageX; prev_mousey = e.pageY; } offset_x = offset_x + (e.pageX - prev_mousex); offset_y = offset_y + (e.pageY - prev_mousey); prev_mousex = e.pageX; prev_mousey = e.pageY; run = true; } player_posx = 5; player_posy = 55; ct = 19; for (i = (player_posx-ct); i < (player_posx+ct); i++){ //horizontal for (j=(player_posy-ct); j < (player_posy+ct); j++){ // vertical //img[0] is 64by64 but the graphic is 64by32 the rest is alpha space var x = (i-j)*(img[0].height/2) + (canvas.width/2)-(img[0].width/2); var y = (i+j)*(img[0].height/4); var abposx = x - offset_x; var abposy = y - offset_y; ctx.drawImage(img[0],abposx,abposy); } } Now based on these numbers the first render-able tile is I = 0 & J = 36. As numbers in the negative are not in the array. But for I=0 and J= 36 the position it calculates is : -1120 : 592 Does any one know how to center it to canvas view properly?

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  • Blur gets displaced compared to original image

    - by user1294203
    I have implemented a SSAO and I'm using a blur step to smooth it out. The problem is that the blurred texture is slightly displaced compared to the original. I'm blurring using a 4x4 kernel since that was my noise kernel in SSAO. The following is the blurring shader: float result = 0.0; for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++){ for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++){ vec2 offset = vec2(TEXEL_SIZE.x * i, TEXEL_SIZE.y * j); result += texture(aoSampler, TexCoord + offset).r; } } out_AO = vec4(vec3(0.0), result * 0.0625); Where TEXEL_SIZE is one over my window resolution. I was thinking that this is was an error based on how OpenGL counts the Texel center, so I tried displacing the texture coordinate I was using by 0.5 * TEXEL_SIZE, but there was still a slight displacement. The texture input to my blur shader, has wrap parameters: glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP); When I tell the blur shader to just output the the value of the pixel, the result is not displaced, so it must have something to do with how neighboring pixels are sampled. Any thoughts?

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  • Seeking an C/C++ OBJ geometry read/write that does not modify the representation

    - by Blake Senftner
    I am seeking a means to read and write OBJ geometry files with logic that does not modify the geometry representation. i.e. read geometry, immediately write it, and a diff of the source OBJ and the one just written will be identical. Every OBJ writing utility I've been able to find online fails this test. I am writing small command line tools to modify my OBJ geometries, and I need to write my results, not just read the geometry for rendering purposes. Simply needing to write the geometry knocks out 95% of the OBJ libraries on the web. Also, many of the popular libraries modify the geometry representation. For example, Nat Robbin's GLUT library includes the GLM library, which both converts quads to triangles, as well as reverses the topology (face ordering) of the geometry. It's still the same geometry, but if your tool chain expects a given topology, such as for rigging or morph targets, then GLM is useless. I'm not rendering in these tools, so dependencies like OpenGL or GLUT make no sense. And god forbid, do not "optimize" the geometry! Redundant vertices are on purpose for maintaining oneself on cache with our weird little low memory mobile devices.

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  • Good book or tutorial for learning how to apply integration methods

    - by Cumatru
    I'm looking to animate a graph layout using edges as springs and nodes as weights ( a node with more links will have a bigger weight ). I'm not capable of wrapping my head around the usage of mathematical and physics relations in my application. As far as i read, Runge Kutta 4 ( preferably ) or Verlet will be a good choice, but i have problems with understanding how they really work, and what physics equations should i apply. If i can't understand them, i can't use them. I'm looking for a book or a tutorial which describe the things that i need.

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  • Unity: parallel vectors and cross product, how to compare vectors

    - by Heisenbug
    I read this post explaining a method to understand if the angle between 2 given vectors and the normal to the plane described by them, is clockwise or anticlockwise: public static AngleDir GetAngleDirection(Vector3 beginDir, Vector3 endDir, Vector3 upDir) { Vector3 cross = Vector3.Cross(beginDir, endDir); float dot = Vector3.Dot(cross, upDir); if (dot > 0.0f) return AngleDir.CLOCK; else if (dot < 0.0f) return AngleDir.ANTICLOCK; return AngleDir.PARALLEL; } After having used it a little bit, I think it's wrong. If I supply the same vector as input (beginDir equal to endDir), the cross product is zero, but the dot product is a little bit more than zero. I think that to fix that I can simply check if the cross product is zero, means that the 2 vectors are parallel, but my code doesn't work. I tried the following solution: Vector3 cross = Vector3.Cross(beginDir, endDir); if (cross == Vector.zero) return AngleDir.PARALLEL; And it doesn't work because comparison between Vector.zero and cross is always different from zero (even if cross is actually [0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f]). I tried also this: Vector3 cross = Vector3.Cross(beginDir, endDir); if (cross.magnitude == 0.0f) return AngleDir.PARALLEL; it also fails because magnitude is slightly more than zero. So my question is: given 2 Vector3 in Unity, how to compare them? I need the elegant equivalent version of this: if (beginDir.x == endDir.x && beginDir.y == endDir.y && beginDir.z == endDir.z) return true;

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  • android: How to apply pinch zoom and pan to 2D GLSurfaceView

    - by mak_just4anything
    I want to apply pinch zoom and panning effect on GLSurfaceView. It is Image editor, so It would not be 3D object. I tried to implement using these following links: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/android-developers/EVNRDNInVRU Want to apply pinch and zoom to GLSurfaceView(3d Object) http://www.learnopengles.com/android-lesson-one-getting-started/ These all are links for 3D object rendering. I can not use ImageView as I need to work out with OpenGL so, had to implement it on GLSurfaceView. Suggest me or any reference links are there for such implementation. **I need it for 2D only.

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  • Issues with touch buttons in XNA (Release state to be precise)

    - by Aditya
    I am trying to make touch buttons in WP8 with all the states (Pressed, Released, Moved), but the TouchLocationState.Released is not working. Here's my code: Class variables: bool touching = false; int touchID; Button tempButton; Button is a separate class with a method to switch states when touched. The Update method contains the following code: TouchCollection touchCollection = TouchPanel.GetState(); if (!touching && touchCollection.Count > 0) { touching = true; foreach (TouchLocation location in touchCollection) { for (int i = 0; i < menuButtons.Count; i++) { touchID = location.Id; // store the ID of current touch Point touchLocation = new Point((int)location.Position.X, (int)location.Position.Y); // create a point Button button = menuButtons[i]; if (GetMenuEntryHitBounds(button).Contains(touchLocation)) // a method which returns a rectangle. { button.SwitchState(true); // change the button state tempButton = button; // store the pressed button for accessing later } } } } else if (touchCollection.Count == 0) // clears the state of all buttons if no touch is detected { touching = false; for (int i = 0; i < menuButtons.Count; i++) { Button button = menuButtons[i]; button.SwitchState(false); } } menuButtons is a list of buttons on the menu. A separate loop (within the Update method) after the touched variable is true if (touching) { TouchLocation location; TouchLocation prevLocation; if (touchCollection.FindById(touchID, out location)) { if (location.TryGetPreviousLocation(out prevLocation)) { Point point = new Point((int)location.Position.X, (int)location.Position.Y); if (prevLocation.State == TouchLocationState.Pressed && location.State == TouchLocationState.Released) { if (GetMenuEntryHitBounds(tempButton).Contains(point)) // Execute the button action. I removed the excess } } } } The code for switching the button state is working fine but the code where I want to trigger the action is not. location.State == TouchLocationState.Released mostly ends up being false. (Even after I release the touch, it has a value of TouchLocationState.Moved) And what is more irritating is that it sometimes works! I am really confused and stuck for days now. Is this the right way? If yes then where am I going wrong? Or is there some other more effective way to do this? PS: I also posted this question on stack overflow then realized this question is more appropriate in gamedev. Sorry if it counts as being redundant.

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  • Camera doesnt move on opengl qt

    - by hugo
    Here is my code, as my subject indicates i have implemented a camera but i couldnt make it move,Thanks in advance. #define PI_OVER_180 0.0174532925f define GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE 0x812F include "metinalifeyyaz.h" include include include include include include include metinalifeyyaz::metinalifeyyaz(QWidget *parent) : QGLWidget(parent) { this->setFocusPolicy(Qt:: StrongFocus); time = QTime::currentTime(); timer = new QTimer(this); timer->setSingleShot(true); connect(timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(updateGL())); xpos = yrot = zpos = 0; walkbias = walkbiasangle = lookupdown = 0.0f; keyUp = keyDown = keyLeft = keyRight = keyPageUp = keyPageDown = false; } void metinalifeyyaz::drawBall() { //glTranslatef(6,0,4); glutSolidSphere(0.10005,300,30); } metinalifeyyaz:: ~metinalifeyyaz(){ glDeleteTextures(1,texture); } void metinalifeyyaz::initializeGL(){ glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,0.5); glClearDepth(1.0f); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); GLfloat mat_specular[]={1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0}; GLfloat mat_shininess []={30.0}; GLfloat light_position[]={1.0,1.0,1.0}; glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_SHININESS,mat_shininess); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_position); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); QImage img1 = convertToGLFormat(QImage(":/new/prefix1/halisaha2.bmp")); QImage img2 = convertToGLFormat(QImage(":/new/prefix1/white.bmp")); glGenTextures(2,texture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, img1.width(), img1.height(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, img1.bits()); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[1]); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, img2.width(), img2.height(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, img2.bits()); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST); // Really nice perspective calculations } void metinalifeyyaz::resizeGL(int w, int h){ if(h==0) h=1; glViewport(0,0,w,h); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0f, static_cast<GLfloat>(w)/h,0.1f,100.0f); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); } void metinalifeyyaz::paintGL(){ movePlayer(); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); GLfloat xtrans = -xpos; GLfloat ytrans = -walkbias - 0.50f; GLfloat ztrans = -zpos; GLfloat sceneroty = 360.0f - yrot; glLoadIdentity(); glRotatef(lookupdown, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(sceneroty, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glTranslatef(xtrans, ytrans+50, ztrans-130); glLoadIdentity(); glTranslatef(1.0f,0.0f,-18.0f); glRotatef(45,1,0,0); drawScene(); int delay = time.msecsTo(QTime::currentTime()); if (delay == 0) delay = 1; time = QTime::currentTime(); timer->start(qMax(0,10 - delay)); } void metinalifeyyaz::movePlayer() { if (keyUp) { xpos -= sin(yrot * PI_OVER_180) * 0.5f; zpos -= cos(yrot * PI_OVER_180) * 0.5f; if (walkbiasangle >= 360.0f) walkbiasangle = 0.0f; else walkbiasangle += 7.0f; walkbias = sin(walkbiasangle * PI_OVER_180) / 10.0f; } else if (keyDown) { xpos += sin(yrot * PI_OVER_180)*0.5f; zpos += cos(yrot * PI_OVER_180)*0.5f ; if (walkbiasangle <= 7.0f) walkbiasangle = 360.0f; else walkbiasangle -= 7.0f; walkbias = sin(walkbiasangle * PI_OVER_180) / 10.0f; } if (keyLeft) yrot += 0.5f; else if (keyRight) yrot -= 0.5f; if (keyPageUp) lookupdown -= 0.5; else if (keyPageDown) lookupdown += 0.5; } void metinalifeyyaz::keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *event) { switch (event->key()) { case Qt::Key_Escape: close(); break; case Qt::Key_F1: setWindowState(windowState() ^ Qt::WindowFullScreen); break; default: QGLWidget::keyPressEvent(event); case Qt::Key_PageUp: keyPageUp = true; break; case Qt::Key_PageDown: keyPageDown = true; break; case Qt::Key_Left: keyLeft = true; break; case Qt::Key_Right: keyRight = true; break; case Qt::Key_Up: keyUp = true; break; case Qt::Key_Down: keyDown = true; break; } } void metinalifeyyaz::changeEvent(QEvent *event) { switch (event->type()) { case QEvent::WindowStateChange: if (windowState() == Qt::WindowFullScreen) setCursor(Qt::BlankCursor); else unsetCursor(); break; default: break; } } void metinalifeyyaz::keyReleaseEvent(QKeyEvent *event) { switch (event->key()) { case Qt::Key_PageUp: keyPageUp = false; break; case Qt::Key_PageDown: keyPageDown = false; break; case Qt::Key_Left: keyLeft = false; break; case Qt::Key_Right: keyRight = false; break; case Qt::Key_Up: keyUp = false; break; case Qt::Key_Down: keyDown = false; break; default: QGLWidget::keyReleaseEvent(event); } } void metinalifeyyaz::drawScene(){ glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // glColor3f(0,0,1); //back glVertex3f(-6,0,-4); glVertex3f(-6,-0.5,-4); glVertex3f(6,-0.5,-4); glVertex3f(6,0,-4); glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f(0.0f,0.0f,-1.0f); //front glVertex3f(6,0,4); glVertex3f(6,-0.5,4); glVertex3f(-6,-0.5,4); glVertex3f(-6,0,4); glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f(-1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); // glColor3f(0,0,1); //left glVertex3f(-6,0,4); glVertex3f(-6,-0.5,4); glVertex3f(-6,-0.5,-4); glVertex3f(-6,0,-4); glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); // glColor3f(0,0,1); //right glVertex3f(6,0,-4); glVertex3f(6,-0.5,-4); glVertex3f(6,-0.5,4); glVertex3f(6,0,4); glEnd(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//top glTexCoord2f(1.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(6,0,-4); glTexCoord2f(1.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(6,0,4); glTexCoord2f(0.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(-6,0,4); glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(-6,0,-4); glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f(0.0f,-1.0f,0.0f); //glColor3f(0,0,1); //bottom glVertex3f(6,-0.5,-4); glVertex3f(6,-0.5,4); glVertex3f(-6,-0.5,4); glVertex3f(-6,-0.5,-4); glEnd(); // glPushMatrix(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[1]); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); glTexCoord2f(1.0f,0.0f); //right far goal post front face glVertex3f(5,0.5,-0.95); glTexCoord2f(1.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(5,0,-0.95); glTexCoord2f(0.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(5,0,-1); glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(5, 0.5, -1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right far goal post back face glVertex3f(5.05,0.5,-0.95); glVertex3f(5.05,0,-0.95); glVertex3f(5.05,0,-1); glVertex3f(5.05, 0.5, -1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right far goal post left face glVertex3f(5,0.5,-1); glVertex3f(5,0,-1); glVertex3f(5.05,0,-1); glVertex3f(5.05, 0.5, -1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right far goal post right face glVertex3f(5.05,0.5,-0.95); glVertex3f(5.05,0,-0.95); glVertex3f(5,0,-0.95); glVertex3f(5, 0.5, -0.95); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right near goal post front face glVertex3f(5,0.5,0.95); glVertex3f(5,0,0.95); glVertex3f(5,0,1); glVertex3f(5,0.5, 1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right near goal post back face glVertex3f(5.05,0.5,0.95); glVertex3f(5.05,0,0.95); glVertex3f(5.05,0,1); glVertex3f(5.05,0.5, 1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right near goal post left face glVertex3f(5,0.5,1); glVertex3f(5,0,1); glVertex3f(5.05,0,1); glVertex3f(5.05,0.5, 1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right near goal post right face glVertex3f(5.05,0.5,0.95); glVertex3f(5.05,0,0.95); glVertex3f(5,0,0.95); glVertex3f(5,0.5, 0.95); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right crossbar front face glVertex3f(5,0.55,-1); glVertex3f(5,0.55,1); glVertex3f(5,0.5,1); glVertex3f(5,0.5,-1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right crossbar back face glVertex3f(5.05,0.55,-1); glVertex3f(5.05,0.55,1); glVertex3f(5.05,0.5,1); glVertex3f(5.05,0.5,-1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right crossbar bottom face glVertex3f(5.05,0.5,-1); glVertex3f(5.05,0.5,1); glVertex3f(5,0.5,1); glVertex3f(5,0.5,-1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right crossbar top face glVertex3f(5.05,0.55,-1); glVertex3f(5.05,0.55,1); glVertex3f(5,0.55,1); glVertex3f(5,0.55,-1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //left far goal post front face glVertex3f(-5,0.5,-0.95); glVertex3f(-5,0,-0.95); glVertex3f(-5,0,-1); glVertex3f(-5, 0.5, -1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right far goal post back face glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5,-0.95); glVertex3f(-5.05,0,-0.95); glVertex3f(-5.05,0,-1); glVertex3f(-5.05, 0.5, -1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right far goal post left face glVertex3f(-5,0.5,-1); glVertex3f(-5,0,-1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0,-1); glVertex3f(-5.05, 0.5, -1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right far goal post right face glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5,-0.95); glVertex3f(-5.05,0,-0.95); glVertex3f(-5,0,-0.95); glVertex3f(-5, 0.5, -0.95); glColor3f(1,1,1); //left near goal post front face glVertex3f(-5,0.5,0.95); glVertex3f(-5,0,0.95); glVertex3f(-5,0,1); glVertex3f(-5,0.5, 1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right near goal post back face glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5,0.95); glVertex3f(-5.05,0,0.95); glVertex3f(-5.05,0,1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5, 1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right near goal post left face glVertex3f(-5,0.5,1); glVertex3f(-5,0,1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0,1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5, 1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right near goal post right face glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5,0.95); glVertex3f(-5.05,0,0.95); glVertex3f(-5,0,0.95); glVertex3f(-5,0.5, 0.95); glColor3f(1,1,1); //left crossbar front face glVertex3f(-5,0.55,-1); glVertex3f(-5,0.55,1); glVertex3f(-5,0.5,1); glVertex3f(-5,0.5,-1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right crossbar back face glVertex3f(-5.05,0.55,-1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0.55,1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5,1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5,-1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right crossbar bottom face glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5,-1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5,1); glVertex3f(-5,0.5,1); glVertex3f(-5,0.5,-1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right crossbar top face glVertex3f(-5.05,0.55,-1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0.55,1); glVertex3f(-5,0.55,1); glVertex3f(-5,0.55,-1); glEnd(); // glPopMatrix(); // glPushMatrix(); // glTranslatef(0,0,0); // glutSolidSphere(0.10005,500,30); // glPopMatrix(); }

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  • About Alpha blending sprites in Direct3D9

    - by ambrozija
    I have a Direct3D9 application that is rendering ID3DXSprites. The problem I am experiencing is best described in this situation: I have a texture that is totally opaque. On top of it I draw a rectangle filled with solid color and alpha of 128. On top of the rectangle I have a text that is totally opaque. I draw all of this and get the resulting image through GetRenderTarget call. The problem is that on the resulting image, on the area where the transparent rectangle is, I have semi transparent pixels. It is not a problem that the rectangle is transparent, the problem is that the resulting image is. The question is how to setup the blending so in this situation I don't get the transparent pixels in the resulting image? I use the sprite with D3DXSPRITE_ALPHABLEND which sets the device state to D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA and D3DBLEND_INVSRCALPHA. I tried couple of combinations of SetRenderState, like D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA, D3DBLEND_DESTALPHA etc., but couldn't make it work. Thanks.

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