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  • How to store bitmaps in memory?

    - by Geotarget
    I'm working with general purpose image rendering, and high-performance image processing, and so I need to know how to store bitmaps in-memory. (24bpp/32bpp, compressed/raw, etc) I'm not working with 3D graphics or DirectX / OpenGL rendering and so I don't need to use graphics card compatible bitmap formats. My questions: What is the "usual" or "normal" way to store bitmaps in memory? (in C++ engines/projects?) How to store bitmaps for high-performance algorithms, such that read/write times are the fastest? (fixed array? with/without padding? 24-bpp or 32-bpp?) How to store bitmaps for applications handling a lot of bitmap data, to minimize memory usage? (JPEG? or a faster [de]compression algorithm?) Some possible methods: Use a fixed packed 24-bpp or 32-bpp int[] array and simply access pixels using pointer access, all pixels are allocated in one continuous memory chunk (could be 1-10 MB) Use a form of "sparse" data storage so each line of the bitmap is allocated separately, reusing more memory and requiring smaller contiguous memory segments Store bitmaps in its compressed form (PNG, JPG, GIF, etc) and unpack only when its needed, reducing the amount of memory used. Delete the unpacked data if its not used for 10 secs.

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  • Rain drops on screen

    - by user1075940
    I am trying to make simple rain drop effect on screen.Something like this http://fc00.deviantart.net/fs20/f/2007/302/5/6/Rain_drops_by_rockraikar.png My idea is to: Create small drop shaped normal textures,randomly put few on screen,apply texture perturbation and mix with current frame pixels. Here are my questions: -Does this idea even have sense?How professionals do this effect?Everything from text to code will be appreciated -How to pass pixels to shader of already rendered frame?

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  • Must all AI states be able to react to any event?

    - by Prog
    FSMs implemented with the State design pattern are a common way to design AI agents. I am familiar with the State design pattern and know how to implement it. How is this used in games to design AI agents? Consider a simplified class Monster, representing an AI agent: class Monster { State state; // other fields omitted public void update(){ // called every game-loop cycle state.execute(this); } public void setState(State state){ this.state = state; } // irrelevant stuff omitted } There are several State subclasses implementing execute() differently. So far, classic State pattern. AI agents are subject to environmental effects and other objects communicating with them. For example, an AI agent might tell another AI agent to attack (i.e. agent.attack()). Or a fireball might tell an AI agent to fall down. This means that the agent must have methods such as attack() and fallDown(), or commonly some message receiving mechanism to understand such messages. With an FSM, the current State of the agent should be the one taking care of such method calls - i.e. the agent delegates to the current state upon every event. Is this correct? If correct, how is this done? Are all states obligated by their superclass to implement methods such as attack(), fallDown() etc., so the agent can always delegate to them on almost every event? Or is it done in some other way?

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  • How to solve problems with movement in simple tile based multiplayer game?

    - by Murlo
    I'm making a simple tile based 2D multiplayer game in JavaScript using socket.io where you can move one tile every 200 ms. The two solutions I've tried are as follows: The client sends "walk one tile north" every 200 ms. Problem: People can easily hack the client to send the action more often. The client sends "walking north" and "stopped walking". Problem: Sometimes the player moves extra steps when "stopped walking" doesn't arrive in time. Do you know a way around these problems or is there a better way to do it? EDIT: Regarding the first solution I've tried adding validation on the server to check if it has been 200 ms since last movement. The problem is that latency still encourages people just to spam the action as much as possible, giving them an unfair advantage.

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  • Am I missing something about these considerations about Leaderboard's database's schema?

    - by misiMe
    I just finished to develop a mobile game, now I want to implement an online leaerboard using mysql. I'm wondering about the database's schema, I thought about some possibilities: (I didn't got in detail with syntax because my question is just about the logic of it) Name: string; Score: integer I thought to ask the name just the first time. If, in the future, you will modify that, it will call just an update to the name associated with your id. Leaderboard(ID, Name, Score) ID: integer autoincrement, PrimaryKey With this kind of idea maybe the db will grow fast because if you choose everytime a different name for the score, it will add a new entry. Leaderboard(PhoneId, Name, Score) Here PhoneId will be the unique identifier of the phone, PrimaryKey. A con of this choice is that if you want to play with your friends' phone, you can't put a different name for the score. Leaderboard(Name, Score) Here Name is PrimaryKey. With that, if you enter a name that already exists, you will be prompted to choose another one. Do you agree with this considerations? What will you do? Am I missing something?

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  • Looking for articles/books on: How do games make money? What models do they use?

    - by cable729
    I'm trying to research the ways in which games make money. I want to know more about the models they use (free/premium, trial/subscription, free-to-play with micro-transactions, etc.). In addition, I want information on which models work for which games, what models are best for which age groups, etc. I've tried my best to find information, and Google hasn't turned anything up at all. I think I'll stop by my University's library and see if there's anything there. This may seem like a broad question, but I'm looking for links and titles of books, not typed-out answers.

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  • c# scripting execution with xna (actions take more than 1 frame)

    - by user658091
    I'm trying to figure out how to implement c# scripting into my game (XNA with C#). I will be using C# as the scripting language. My question is, how to call functions that take more than 1 frame to finish? For example: class UserScript : Script { public override void execute(Game game) { //script must wait for dialog to be closed game.openDialog("This is a dialog"); //script should'nt wait for this int goldToGive = 100; goldToGive += 100; game.addGold(goldToGive); // //script should wait for cinematic to end game.startCinematic("name_of_cinematic"); //doesn't wait game.addGold(100); } } I found that you can do that with yield, but I'm not sure if it's the correct way (It's from 2010, the article mentioned no longer exists). http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3540231/implementing-a-simple-xml-based-scripting-language-for-an-xna-game Is yield the answer? If so, can anyone point me any examples/tutorials/books? I haven't found any regarding my situation. If not, what approach should I take? or am I better off with multi-threading?

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  • How do I scroll in the physical world?

    - by Esteban Quintero
    I am using andengine to make a game where a sprite (player) is going up across the stage, this is my world. final Rectangle ground = new Rectangle(0, CAMERA_HEIGHT - 2, CAMERA_WIDTH, 2, vertexBufferObjectManager); final Rectangle roof = new Rectangle(0, 0, CAMERA_WIDTH, 2, vertexBufferObjectManager); final Rectangle left = new Rectangle(0, 0, 2, CAMERA_HEIGHT, vertexBufferObjectManager); final Rectangle right = new Rectangle(CAMERA_WIDTH - 2, 0, 2, CAMERA_HEIGHT, vertexBufferObjectManager); final FixtureDef wallFixtureDef = PhysicsFactory.createFixtureDef(0, 0.5f, 0.5f); PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, ground, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef); PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, roof, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef); PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, left, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef); PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, right, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef); /* Create two sprits and add it to the scene. */ this.mScene.setBackground(autoParallaxBackground); this.mScene.attachChild(ground); this.mScene.attachChild(roof); this.mScene.attachChild(left); this.mScene.attachChild(right); this.mScene.registerUpdateHandler(this.mPhysicsWorld); The problem is that if the sprite reaches up and hits the wall, as I scroll here?

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  • Working out of a vertex array for destrucible objects

    - by bobobobo
    I have diamond-shaped polygonal bullets. There are lots of them on the screen. I did not want to create a vertex array for each, so I packed them into a single vertex array and they're all drawn at once. | bullet1.xyz | bullet1.rgb | bullet2.xyz | bullet2.rgb This is great for performance.. there is struct Bullet { vector<Vector3f*> verts ; // pointers into the vertex buffer } ; This works fine, the bullets can move and do collision detection, all while having their data in one place. Except when a bullet "dies" Then you have to clear a slot, and pack all the bullets towards the beginning of the array. Is this a good approach to handling lots of low poly objects? How else would you do it?

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  • Path Finding for an Arena based map in 3D using NavMesh

    - by Happybirthday
    I have a 3D arena map (consider a small island surrounded by water on all sides) for a multiplayer Tank fight game. The moveable areas are marked using a Navigation Mesh made by the Arena designer. My question is what would be the best way for navigation in such an environment ? Specially considering the case when there is a Bridge at the center of the arena and you could walk under it or even above it ? If suppose the enemy is standing at the top of the Bridge and my AI is at one of the edges of the map ? How can it know whether the enemy is above or below the bridge and how can it navigate till it ?

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  • I want to learn to program in SDL C++where do i start? I want to learn only what i need to to start making 2d games [on hold]

    - by user2644399
    Lazyfoo of Lazyfoo.net of the SDL 2d tutorial wrote that in order for me to start game programming in SDL, I need to know these concepts well; Operators, Controls, Loops, Functions, Structures, Arrays, References, Pointers, Classes, Objects how to use a template and Bitwise and/or. I want to know the fastest way to learn as much as I need of basic c++ that would allow me to make 2d games. Thanks in advance.

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  • Algorithm to simplify building/structural meshes

    - by morpheus
    I am looking for an algorithm to simplify the meshes of buildings or similar structures. EDIT: I had made a comment that Hoppe's algorithm tends to make meshes more and more spherical with simplification. But, I am not sure about it, so am deleting the comment. Buildings in contrast should tend to become more and more rectangular with increasing simplification. The D3DX extensions for D3D in version 9.0 (d3dx9.lib) used to have classes to do progressive mesh simplification. See: http://doc.51windows.net/Directx9_SDK/?url=/directx9_sdk/graphics/reference/d3dx/functions/mesh/d3dxgeneratepmesh.htm http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb281243(v=vs.85).aspx

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  • Why do we use the Pythagorean theorem in game physics?

    - by Starkers
    I've recently learned that we use Pythagorean theorem a lot in our physics calculations and I'm afraid I don't really get the point. Here's an example from a book to make sure an object doesn't travel faster than a MAXIMUM_VELOCITY constant in the horizontal plane: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = <any number>; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = MAXIMUM_VELOCITY * MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; function animate(){ var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; } } Let's try this with some numbers: An object is attempting to move 5 units in x and 5 units in z. It should only be able to move 5 units horizontally in total! MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5 * 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 25; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); var squared_horizontal_velocity = 5 * 5 + 5 * 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 25 + 25; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 50; // if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 50 <= 25 ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 50 / 25; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Now this works well, but we can do the same thing without Pythagoras: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity; var horizontal_velocity = 5 + 5; var horizontal_velocity = 10; // if( horizontal_velocity >= MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 10 >= 5 ){ scalar = horizontal_velocity / MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 10 / 5; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Benefits of doing it without Pythagoras: Less lines Within those lines, it's easier to read what's going on ...and it takes less time to compute, as there are less multiplications Seems to me like computers and humans get a better deal without Pythagorean theorem! However, I'm sure I'm wrong as I've seen Pythagoras' theorem in a number of reputable places, so I'd like someone to explain me the benefit of using Pythagorean theorem to a maths newbie. Does this have anything to do with unit vectors? To me a unit vector is when we normalize a vector and turn it into a fraction. We do this by dividing the vector by a larger constant. I'm not sure what constant it is. The total size of the graph? Anyway, because it's a fraction, I take it, a unit vector is basically a graph that can fit inside a 3D grid with the x-axis running from -1 to 1, z-axis running from -1 to 1, and the y-axis running from -1 to 1. That's literally everything I know about unit vectors... not much :P And I fail to see their usefulness. Also, we're not really creating a unit vector in the above examples. Should I be determining the scalar like this: // a mathematical work-around of my own invention. There may be a cleverer way to do this! I've also made up my own terms such as 'divisive_scalar' so don't bother googling var divisive_scalar = (squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY); var divisive_scalar = ( 50 / 25 ); var divisive_scalar = 2; var multiplicative_scalar = (divisive_scalar / (2*divisive_scalar)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / (2*2)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / 4); var multiplicative_scalar = 0.5; x_velocity = x_velocity * multiplicative_scalar x_velocity = 5 * 0.5 x_velocity = 2.5 Again, I can't see why this is better, but it's more "unit-vector-y" because the multiplicative_scalar is a unit_vector? As you can see, I use words such as "unit-vector-y" so I'm really not a maths whiz! Also aware that unit vectors might have nothing to do with Pythagorean theorem so ignore all of this if I'm barking up the wrong tree. I'm a very visual person (3D modeller and concept artist by trade!) and I find diagrams and graphs really, really helpful so as many as humanely possible please!

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  • Multiplayer tile based movement synchronization

    - by Mars
    I have to synchronize the movement of multiple players over the Internet, and I'm trying to figure out the safest way to do that. The game is tile based, you can only move in 4 directions, and every move moves the sprite 32px (over time of course). Now, if I would simply send this move action to the server, which would broadcast it to all players, while the walk key is kept being pressed down, to keep walking, I have to take this next command, send it to the server, and to all clients, in time, or the movement won't be smooth anymore. I saw this in other games, and it can get ugly pretty quick, even without lag. So I'm wondering if this is even a viable option. This seems like a very good method for single player though, since it's easy, straight forward (, just take the next movement action in time and add it to a list), and you can easily add mouse movement (clicking on some tile), to add a path to a queue, that's walked along. The other thing that came to my mind was sending the information that someone started moving in some direction, and again once he stopped or changed the direction, together with the position, so that the sprite will appear at the correct position, or rather so that the position can be fixed if it's wrong. This should (hopefully) only make problems if someone really is lagging, in which case it's to be expected. For this to work out I'd need some kind of queue though, where incoming direction changes and stuff are saved, so the sprite knows where to go, after the current movement to the next tile is finished. This could actually work, but kinda sounds overcomplicated. Although it might be the only way to do this, without risk of stuttering. If a stop or direction change is received on the client side it's saved in a queue and the char keeps moving to the specified coordinates, before stopping or changing direction. If the new command comes in too late there'll be stuttering as well of course... I'm having a hard time deciding for a method, and I couldn't really find any examples for this yet. My main problem is keeping the tile movement smooth, which is why other topics regarding synchronization of pixel based movement aren't helping too much. What is the "standard" way to do this?

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  • Flixel: doesn't light tile up

    - by Arno
    i'm creating a game with flixel, and I want to have a effect when you mouse over a tile, I tried implementing it, and this is what it gives: public class GameState extends FlxState { private var block:EmptyBlock; public function GameState() { } override public function create():void { for (var i:Number = 0; i < 30; i++) { block = new EmptyBlock(i, 20); block.create(); } } override public function update():void { block.update(); super.update(); } } } GameState class and here is the EmptyBlock class: public class EmptyBlock { private var x:int; private var y:int; private var row:FlxRect public function EmptyBlock(x:int, y:int ) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } public function create():void { row = new FlxRect(x, y, 32, 32); trace ("Created block at" + x + y); } public function update():void { if (FlxG.mouse.screenX == row.x) { if (FlxG.mouse.screenY == row.y) { var outline:FlxSprite = new FlxSprite(row.x, row.y).makeGraphic(row.width, row.height, 0x002525); } } } } }

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  • Avatar creation / dressing feature

    - by milesmeow
    What is the effort required to use a game engine such as Unreal or Unity, etc. and create an avatar customization features...complete with clothes. The user should be able to customize the body features and the clothes need to then fit onto the customized body. What is needed? Can you create one set of 3D models for clothes and somehow programatically have the clothes adapt to the body shape? I.e. The same shirt model will be able to fit on a skinny person vs. someone with a big beer belly. How difficult is this? What are the steps needed to implement this avatar creation/dressing feature. I'm basically talking about something like in Rockband 3.

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  • What library for octrees or kd-trees?

    - by Will
    Are there any robust performant libraries for indexing objects? It would need frustum culling and visiting objects hit by a ray as well as neighbourhood searches. I can find lots of articles showing the math for the component parts, often as algebra rather than simple C, but nothing that puts it all together (apart from perhaps Ogre, which has rather more involved and isn't so stand-alone). Surely hobby game makers don't all have to make their own octrees? (Python or C/C++ w/bindings preferred)

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  • Correct way to use Farseer Physics in XNA

    - by user1640602
    I am using Farseer Physics for my 2D sidescroller game and I'm not sure how to proceed with it. I currently have a Sprite class (handles nothing but graphics), a GameObject class (contains specific object info like hit points), a World object which contains the list of Bodies, and a Level object which contains all of these objects. Originally I was trying to keep track of the Sprites, GameObjects, and Bodies separately because I felt that would provide loose coupling but it quickly became a headache. So my new idea was to add a Sprite member to the GameObject class but I'm still not sure how to maintain the Bodies because they have to communicate with GameObject. Specifically, my issue is this: The position of the Body is used to draw the Sprite inside of the Level. In order to do that I would have to maintain a link between GameObjects and Bodies. Is this correct or is there a better way to architect my game? If any of this is unclear please ask and I'll try to clarify. Thank you in advance for any help.

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  • Generating tileable terrain using Perlin Noise [duplicate]

    - by terrorcell
    This question already has an answer here: How do you generate tileable Perlin noise? 9 answers I'm having trouble figuring out the solution to this particular algorithm. I'm using the Perlin Noise implementation from: https://code.google.com/p/mikeralib/source/browse/trunk/Mikera/src/main/java/mikera/math/PerlinNoise.java Here's what I have so far: for (Chunk chunk : chunks) { PerlinNoise noise = new PerlinNoise(); for (int y = 0; y < CHUNK_SIZE_HEIGHT; ++y) { for (int x = 0; x < CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH; ++x) { int index = get1DIndex(y, CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH, x); float val = 0; for (int i = 2; i <= 32; i *= i) { double n = noise.tileableNoise2(i * x / (float)CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH, i * y / (float)CHUNK_SIZE_HEIGHT, CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH, CHUNK_SIZE_HEIGHT); val += n / i; } // chunk tile at [index] gets set to the colour 'val' } } } Which produces something like this: Each chunk is made up of CHUNK_SIZE number of tiles, and each tile has a TILE_SIZE_WIDTH/HEIGHT. I think it has something to do with the inner-most for loop and the x/y co-ords given to the noise function, but I could be wrong. Solved: PerlinNoise noise = new PerlinNoise(); for (Chunk chunk : chunks) { for (int y = 0; y < CHUNK_SIZE_HEIGHT; ++y) { for (int x = 0; x < CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH; ++x) { int index = get1DIndex(y, CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH, x); float val = 0; float xx = x * TILE_SIZE_WIDTH + chunk.x; float yy = y * TILE_SIZE_HEIGHT + chunk.h; int w = CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH * TILE_SIZE_WIDTH; int h = CHUNK_SIZE_HEIGHT * TILE_SIZE_HEIGHT; for (int i = 2; i <= 32; i *= i) { double n = noise.tileableNoise2(i * xx / (float)w, i * yy / (float)h, w, h); val += n / i; } // chunk tile at [index] gets set to the colour 'val' } } }

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  • Changing direction after collision

    - by Balint
    In the first tutorial for GameMaker (catch the clown), I want to set the direction of the clown after the collision with the wall. I want to do it by pressing the wall object with the mouse (before the collision, to set the angle parameter). For example by pressing only once the wall object it would change the clown's direction after collision by 45 degrees, twice by 90 degrees, and so on. How can I do that?

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  • Fast determination of whether objects are onscreen in 2D

    - by Ben Ezard
    So currently, I have this in each object's renderer's update method: float a = transform.position.x * Main.scale; float b = transform.position.y * Main.scale; float c = Camera.main.transform.position.x * Main.scale; float d = Camera.main.transform.position.y * Main.scale; onscreen = a + width - c > 0 && a - c < GameView.width && b + height - d > 0 && b - d < GameView.height; transform.position is a 2D vector containing the game engine's definition of where the object is - this is then multiplied by Main.scale to translate that coordinate into actual screen space Similarly, Camera.main.transform.position is the in-engine representation of where the main camera is, and this is also multiplied by Main.scale The problem is, as my game is tile-based, thousands of these updates get called every frame, just to determine whether or not each object should be drawn - how can I improve this please?

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  • Non-unique display names?

    - by Davy8
    I know of at least big title game (Starcraft II) that doesn't require unique display names, so it would seem like it can work in at least some circumstance. Under what situations does allowing non-unique display names work well? When does it not work well? Does it come down to whether or not impersonation of someone else is a problem? The reasons I believe it works for Starcraft II is that there isn't any kind of in-game trading of virtual goods and other than "for kicks" there isn't much incentive to impersonate someone else in the game. There's also ladder rankings so even trying to impersonate a pro is easily detectable unless you're on a similar skill level. What are some other cases where it makes sense to specifically allow or disallow duplicate display names? (I have no idea what to tag this as. I went with game-design because I needed at least 1 tag and I don't have rep to create new ones yet.)

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  • Alternatives to the GPL

    - by Bane
    I made a game, and I am currently making a game engine. I want them both to be completely free and open source. What license should I choose? I was reading a bit on GPL, but that seems to be more suited for system code and libraries, AFAIK, as it doesn't permit the use of code for proprietorial software - which, in turn, implies that the code can be used in the first place. I can see that, obviously, game engines can be considered libraries, and therefor be used, but what about game code? Is there an alternative to GPL?

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  • Terrain square loading

    - by AndroidXTr3meN
    Games like Skyrim, Morrowind, and more are using quads or square to divide the terrain if im correct. The player is always at #5 1 | 2 | 3 4 | 5 | 6 7 | 8 | 9 So whenever you cross the border you unload and load the new "areas" But if the user goes just over the edge and then the second after goes back previous area a lot of unnecessary loading and unloading is done. Is there a general approach to this because I dont think games like skyrim have this issue? Cheers!

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  • HLSL Shader not working right?

    - by dvds414
    Okay so I have this shader for ambient occlusion. It loads to world correctly, but it just shows all the models as being white. I do not know why. I am just running the shader while the model is rendering, is that correct? or do I need to make a render target or something? if so then how? I'm using C++. Here is my shader. float sampleRadius; float distanceScale; float4x4 xProjection; float4x4 xView; float4x4 xWorld; float3 cornerFustrum; struct VS_OUTPUT { float4 pos : POSITION; float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0; float3 viewDirection : TEXCOORD1; }; VS_OUTPUT VertexShaderFunction( float4 Position : POSITION, float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0) { VS_OUTPUT Out = (VS_OUTPUT)0; float4 WorldPosition = mul(Position, xWorld); float4 ViewPosition = mul(WorldPosition, xView); Out.pos = mul(ViewPosition, xProjection); Position.xy = sign(Position.xy); Out.TexCoord = (float2(Position.x, -Position.y) + float2( 1.0f, 1.0f ) ) * 0.5f; float3 corner = float3(-cornerFustrum.x * Position.x, cornerFustrum.y * Position.y, cornerFustrum.z); Out.viewDirection = corner; return Out; } texture depthTexture; texture randomTexture; sampler2D depthSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <depthTexture>; ADDRESSU = CLAMP; ADDRESSV = CLAMP; MAGFILTER = LINEAR; MINFILTER = LINEAR; }; sampler2D RandNormal = sampler_state { Texture = <randomTexture>; ADDRESSU = WRAP; ADDRESSV = WRAP; MAGFILTER = LINEAR; MINFILTER = LINEAR; }; float4 PixelShaderFunction(VS_OUTPUT IN) : COLOR0 { float4 samples[16] = { float4(0.355512, -0.709318, -0.102371, 0.0 ), float4(0.534186, 0.71511, -0.115167, 0.0 ), float4(-0.87866, 0.157139, -0.115167, 0.0 ), float4(0.140679, -0.475516, -0.0639818, 0.0 ), float4(-0.0796121, 0.158842, -0.677075, 0.0 ), float4(-0.0759516, -0.101676, -0.483625, 0.0 ), float4(0.12493, -0.0223423, -0.483625, 0.0 ), float4(-0.0720074, 0.243395, -0.967251, 0.0 ), float4(-0.207641, 0.414286, 0.187755, 0.0 ), float4(-0.277332, -0.371262, 0.187755, 0.0 ), float4(0.63864, -0.114214, 0.262857, 0.0 ), float4(-0.184051, 0.622119, 0.262857, 0.0 ), float4(0.110007, -0.219486, 0.435574, 0.0 ), float4(0.235085, 0.314707, 0.696918, 0.0 ), float4(-0.290012, 0.0518654, 0.522688, 0.0 ), float4(0.0975089, -0.329594, 0.609803, 0.0 ) }; IN.TexCoord.x += 1.0/1600.0; IN.TexCoord.y += 1.0/1200.0; normalize (IN.viewDirection); float depth = tex2D(depthSampler, IN.TexCoord).a; float3 se = depth * IN.viewDirection; float3 randNormal = tex2D( RandNormal, IN.TexCoord * 200.0 ).rgb; float3 normal = tex2D(depthSampler, IN.TexCoord).rgb; float finalColor = 0.0f; for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) { float3 ray = reflect(samples[i].xyz,randNormal) * sampleRadius; //if (dot(ray, normal) < 0) // ray += normal * sampleRadius; float4 sample = float4(se + ray, 1.0f); float4 ss = mul(sample, xProjection); float2 sampleTexCoord = 0.5f * ss.xy/ss.w + float2(0.5f, 0.5f); sampleTexCoord.x += 1.0/1600.0; sampleTexCoord.y += 1.0/1200.0; float sampleDepth = tex2D(depthSampler, sampleTexCoord).a; if (sampleDepth == 1.0) { finalColor ++; } else { float occlusion = distanceScale* max(sampleDepth - depth, 0.0f); finalColor += 1.0f / (1.0f + occlusion * occlusion * 0.1); } } return float4(finalColor/16, finalColor/16, finalColor/16, 1.0f); } technique SSAO { pass P0 { VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 VertexShaderFunction(); PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 PixelShaderFunction(); } }

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