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• Buffer System For Items

  - by Ohmages

  I am going to reference this image of what I want to accomplish in JavaScript. This is the Diablo buffer system. This question may be a bit advanced (or possibly not even allowed). But I was wondering how you might go about implementing this type of system in a JavaScript game. Currently to implement such a system in JavaScript escapes me, and I am turning to SO to get some suggestions, ideas, and hopefully some insight in how I could accomplish this without being to costly on the CPU. Some thoughts of mine for implementing such a system would be to: Create DIVS within a DIV that hold each position of the inventory Go through each item you own in a container and see which DIV it belongs to Make said item images the DIVs image This type of system might possibly work if ALL items were 1x1, but for this example its not going to work out. I am at a complete lost of ideas how to even accomplish this. Although, maybe rendering directly to the canvas and checking mouse cords could work, there would more than likely be A HUGE annoyance when checking if other items are overlapping each other (meaning you cant place the item down, and possibly switching item with the cursor item ). That said, what am I left with? Do I need to makeshift my own hack system with messy code, or is there some source out there (that I don't know about) that has replicated this type of system in their own game. I would be very grateful to get some replies on how you might go about doing this, and will accept answers that can logically explain how you might implement such a system (code is not required). P.S. Id like to use pure JavaScript, and nothing else (even though it might be "reinventing the wheel", I also like to learn).

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• Javascript Isometric draw optimization

  - by hustlerinc

  I'm having trouble with isometric tiles drawing. At the moment I got an array with the tiles i want to draw. And it all works fine until i increase the size of the array. Since I draw ALL tiles on the map it really affects the game performance (obviously) :D. My problem is I'm no genius when it comes to javascript and I haven't managed to just draw what is in viewport. Should be fairly simple for an expert though because its fixed sizes etc. Canvas is 960x480 pixels, each tile 64x32. This gives 16 tiles on first row, 15 on the next etc. for a total of 16 rows. Tile 0,0 is in the top-right corner. And draws X up to down and Y right to left. Going through the tiles on the first row from left to right as +X -Y. Here is the relevant part of my drawMap() function drawMap(){ var tileW = 64; // Tile Width var tileH = 32; // Tile Height var mapX = 960-32; var mapY = -16; for(i=0;i<map.length;i++){ for(j=0;j<map[i].length;j++){ var drawTile = map[i][j]; var drawObj = objectMap[i][j]; var xpos = (i-j)*tileH + mapX; var ypos = (i+j)*tileH/2 + mapY; // Place the tiles isometric. ctx.drawImage(tileImg[drawTile],xpos,ypos); if(drawObj){ ctx.drawImage(objectImg[drawObj-1],xpos,ypos-(objectImg[drawObj- 1])); } } } } Could anyone please help me how to translate this to just draw the relevant tiles? It would be deeply appreciated.

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• Using box2d DrawDebugData with multi layer scene ?

  - by Mr.Gando

  In my Game, a Scene is composed by several layers. Each layer has different camera transformations. This way I can have a layer at z=3 (GUI), z=2 (Monsters), z=1 (scrolling background), and this 3 layers compose my whole Scene. My render loop looks something like: renderLayer() applyTransformations() renderVisibleEntities() renderChildLayers() end If I call DrawDebugData() in the render loop, the whole b2world debug data will be rendered once for each layer in my scene, this generates a mess, because the "debug boxes" get duplicated, some of them get the camera transformations applied and some of them don't, etc. What I would like to do, would be to make DrawDebugData to draw only certain debug boxes. In that way, I could call something like b2world->DrawDebugDataForLayer(int layer_id) and call that on each layer like : renderLayer() applyTransformations() renderVisibleEntities() //Only render my corresponding layer debug data b2world->DrawDebugDataForLayer(layer_id) renderChildLayers() end Is there a way to subclass b2World so I could add this functionality ( specific to my game ) ? If not, what would be the best way to achieve this (Cocos2d uses a similar scene graph approach and box2d, but I'm not sure if debugDraw works in Cocos2d... ) Thanks

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• Keypress Left is called twice in Update when key is pressed only once

  - by Simran kaur

  I have a piece of code that is changing the position of player when left key is pressed. It is inside of Update() function. I know, Update is called multiple times, but since I have an ifstatement to check if left arrow is pressed, it should update only once. I have tested using print statement that once pressed, it gets called twice. Problem: Position updated twice when key is pressed only once. Below given is the structure of my code: void Update() { if (Input.GetKeyDown (KeyCode.LeftArrow)) { print ("PRESSEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEDDDDDDDDDDDDDD"); } } I looked up on web and what was suggested id this: if (Event.current.type == EventType.KeyDown && Event.current.keyCode == KeyCode.LeftArrow) { print("pressed"); } But, It gives me an error that says: Object reference not set to instance of an object How can I fix this?

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• Working out of a vertex array for destrucible objects

  - by bobobobo

  I have diamond-shaped polygonal bullets. There are lots of them on the screen. I did not want to create a vertex array for each, so I packed them into a single vertex array and they're all drawn at once. | bullet1.xyz | bullet1.rgb | bullet2.xyz | bullet2.rgb This is great for performance.. there is struct Bullet { vector<Vector3f*> verts ; // pointers into the vertex buffer } ; This works fine, the bullets can move and do collision detection, all while having their data in one place. Except when a bullet "dies" Then you have to clear a slot, and pack all the bullets towards the beginning of the array. Is this a good approach to handling lots of low poly objects? How else would you do it?

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• Trouble with speed and vectors

  - by Eegabooga

  I'm working on adding bullets to my game. Right now I can shoot bullets in the direction that I would like from a ship by getting the ship's angle: int speed = 5; int dx = -(cos(degreesToRadians(ship.angle)) * speed); // rate of change in the x direction int dy = -(sin(degreesToRadians(ship.angle)) * speed); // rate of change in the y direction bulletPosition.addX(dx); // addX(dx) is simply bulletPosition.x += dx bulletPosition.addY(dy); The ship is pretty much the exact same thing, except I use the += operator: int dx += -(cos(degreesToRadians(angle)) * 0.15) int dy += -(sin(degreesToRadians(angle)) * 0.15); shipPosition.addX(dx); shipPosition.addY(dy); I would like to be able to add the ship's velocity to the bullet's velocity, but I'm a little confused as to how should get the speed from the ship's vector. I thought that adding the ship's dx to the bullet's dx like int dx = -(cos(degreesToRadians(ship.angle)) * speed * dx) would work because I'm adding the rate of change of the ship to the rate of change of the bullet, but that doesn't work. So here's the final question: How can I get the speed of my ship and apply it to my bullet's speed? Thanks in advance for all help :)

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• Box2D platformer movement. Are joints a good idea?

  - by Romeo

  So i smashed my brains trying to make my character move. As i wanted later in the game to add explosions and bullets it wasn't a good idea to mess with the velocity and the forces/impulses didn't work as i expected so something stuck in my mind: Is it a good idea to put at his bottom a wheel(circle) which is invisible to the player that will do the movement by rotation? I will attach this to my main body with a revolute joint but i don't really know how to make the main body and wheel body to don't collide one with each other since funny things can happen. What is your oppinion?

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• Looking for articles/books on: How do games make money? What models do they use?

  - by cable729

  I'm trying to research the ways in which games make money. I want to know more about the models they use (free/premium, trial/subscription, free-to-play with micro-transactions, etc.). In addition, I want information on which models work for which games, what models are best for which age groups, etc. I've tried my best to find information, and Google hasn't turned anything up at all. I think I'll stop by my University's library and see if there's anything there. This may seem like a broad question, but I'm looking for links and titles of books, not typed-out answers.

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• Coordinate and positioning problem on iOS with cocos2d-x

  - by Vexille

  I'm using cocos2d-x alongside with Marmalade and running some tests and tutorials before starting an actual project with them. So far things are working reasonably well on the windows simulator, Android and even on Blackberry's Playbook, but on iOS devices (iPhone and iPad) the positioning seems to be off. To make things clearer, I put together a scene that just draws an image in the middle of the screen. It worked as expected on everything else, but this is the result I got on an iPhone: To get the coordinates for the center of the screen I'm using the VisibleRect class from the TestCpp sample. It just uses sharedOpenGLView to get the visible size and visible origin, and calculate the center from that. CCSprite* test = CCSprite::create("Ball.png", CCRectMake(0, 0, 80, 80) ); test->setPosition( ccp(VisibleRect::center().x, VisibleRect::center().y) ); this->addChild(test); Also I have a noBorder policy set on AppDelegate: CCEGLView::sharedOpenGLView()->setDesignResolutionSize(designSize.width, designSize.height, kResolutionNoBorder); One funny thing is that I tried to deploy the TestCpp sample project to some iOS devices and it worked reasonably well on the iPhone, but on the iPad the application was only being drawn on a small portion of the screen - just like what happened on the iPhone when I tried using the ShowAll policy.

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• Algorithm to simplify building/structural meshes

  - by morpheus

  I am looking for an algorithm to simplify the meshes of buildings or similar structures. EDIT: I had made a comment that Hoppe's algorithm tends to make meshes more and more spherical with simplification. But, I am not sure about it, so am deleting the comment. Buildings in contrast should tend to become more and more rectangular with increasing simplification. The D3DX extensions for D3D in version 9.0 (d3dx9.lib) used to have classes to do progressive mesh simplification. See: http://doc.51windows.net/Directx9_SDK/?url=/directx9_sdk/graphics/reference/d3dx/functions/mesh/d3dxgeneratepmesh.htm http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb281243(v=vs.85).aspx

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• Infinite terrain shadows

  - by user35399

  I'm creating an infinite terrain engine, which generates the terrain either with fractals or noise. How can I make dynamic shadows for the sun on this terrain, if I don't know in advance what will be rendered in front of the sun. My terrain: The sun is the only light, it is directional, my terrain is generated on a plane which is positioned before the camera, frustum culled and fits the size of the viewing frustum. It is height mapped with generated noise texture, and using tessellation shaders on it. Video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tk6yFwYusOs Dynamic shadows with the infinite terrain.

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• Deferred contexts and inheriting state from the immediate context

  - by dreijer

  I took my first stab at using deferred contexts in DirectX 11 today. Basically, I created my deferred context using CreateDeferredContext() and then drew a simple triangle strip with it. Early on in my test application, I call OMSetRenderTargets() on the immediate context in order to render to the swap chain's back buffer. Now, after having read the documentation on MSDN about deferred contexts, I assumed that calling ExecuteCommandList() on the immediate context would execute all of the deferred commands as "an extension" to the commands that had already been executed on the immediate context, i.e. the triangle strip I rendered in the deferred context would be rendered to the swap chain's back buffer. That didn't seem to be the case, however. Instead, I had to manually pull out the immediate context's render target (using OMGetRenderTargets()) and then set it on the deferred context with OMSetRenderTargets(). Am I doing something wrong or is that the way deferred contexts work?

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• What library for octrees or kd-trees?

  - by Will

  Are there any robust performant libraries for indexing objects? It would need frustum culling and visiting objects hit by a ray as well as neighbourhood searches. I can find lots of articles showing the math for the component parts, often as algebra rather than simple C, but nothing that puts it all together (apart from perhaps Ogre, which has rather more involved and isn't so stand-alone). Surely hobby game makers don't all have to make their own octrees? (Python or C/C++ w/bindings preferred)

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• 3d Picking under reticle

  - by Wolftousen

  i'm currently trying to work out some 3d picking code that I started years ago, but then lost interested the assignment was completed (this part wasn't actually part of the assignment). I am not using the mouse coords for picking, i'm just using the position in 3d space and a ray directly out from there. A small hitch though is that I want to use a cone and not a ray. Here are the variables i'm using: float iReticleSlope = 95/3000; //inverse reticle slope float baseReticle = 1; //radius of the reticle at z = 0 float maxRange = 3000; //max range to target Quaternion orientation; //the cameras orientation Vector3d position; //the cameras position Then I loop through each object in the world: Vector3d transformed; //object position after transformations float d, r; //holder variables for(i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) { transformed = position - objects[i].position; //transform the position relative to camera orientation.multiply(transformed); //orient the object relative to the camera if(transformed.z < 0) { d = sqrt(transformed[0] * transformed[0] + transformed[1] * transformed[1]); r = -transformed[2] * iReticleSlope + objects[i].radius; if(d < r && -transformed[2] - objects[i].radius <= maxRange) { //the object is under the reticle } else { //the object is not under the reticle } } else { //the object is not under the reticle } } Now this all works fine and dandy until the window ratio doesn't match the resolution ratio. Is there any simple way to account for that

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• How to pass one float as four unsigned chars to shader by glVertexPointAttrib?

  - by Kog

  For each vertex I use two floats as position and four unsigned bytes as color. I want to store all of them in one table, so I tried casting those four unsigned bytes to one float, but I am unable to do that correctly... All in all, my tests came to one point: GLfloat vertices[] = { 1.0f, 0.5f, 0, 1.0f, 0, 0 }; glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 2 * sizeof(float), vertices); // VER1 - draws red triangle // unsigned char colors[] = { 0xff, 0, 0, 0xff, 0xff, 0, 0, 0xff, 0xff, 0, 0, // 0xff }; // glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); // glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, 4 * sizeof(GLubyte), // colors); // VER2 - draws greenish triangle (not "pure" green) // float f = 255 << 24 | 255; //Hex:0xff0000ff // float colors2[] = { f, f, f }; // glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); // glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, 4 * sizeof(GLubyte), // colors2); // VER3 - draws red triangle int i = 255 << 24 | 255; //Hex:0xff0000ff int colors3[] = { i, i, i }; glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, 4 * sizeof(GLubyte), colors3); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); Above code is used to draw one simple red triangle. My question is - why do versions 1 and 3 work correctly, while version 2 draws some greenish triangle? Hex values are one I read by marking variable during debug. They are equal for version 2 and 3 - so what causes the difference?

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• Why does my VertexDeclaration apparently not contain Position0?

  - by Phil

  I'm trying to get my code from calling each individual draw call down to using at least a VertexBuffer, and preferably an indexBuffer, but now that I'm attempting to test my code, I'm getting the error: The current vertex declaration does not include all the elements required by the current vertex shader. Position0 is missing. Which makes absolutely no sense to me, as my VertexDeclaration is: public readonly static VertexDeclaration VertexDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration( new VertexElement(0, VertexElementFormat.Vector3, VertexElementUsage.Position, 0), new VertexElement(sizeof(float) * 3, VertexElementFormat.Color, VertexElementUsage.Color, 0), new VertexElement(sizeof(float) * 3 + 4, VertexElementFormat.Vector3, VertexElementUsage.Normal, 0) ); Which clearly contains the information. I am attempting to draw with the following lines: VertexBuffer vb = new VertexBuffer(GraphicsDevice, VertexPositionColorNormal.VertexDeclaration, c.VertexList.Count, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); IndexBuffer ib = new IndexBuffer(GraphicsDevice, typeof(int), c.IndexList.Count, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); vb.SetData<VertexPositionColorNormal>(c.VertexList.ToArray()); ib.SetData<int>(c.IndexList.ToArray()); GraphicsDevice.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, vb.VertexCount, 0, c.IndexList.Count/3); Where c is a Chunk class containing an 8x8x8 array of boxes. Full code is available at https://github.com/mrbaggins/Box/tree/ProperMeshing/box/box. Relevant locations are Chunk.cs (Contains the VertexDeclaration) and Game1.cs (Draw() is in Lines 230-250). Not much else of relevance to this problem anywhere else. Note that large commented sections are from old version of drawing.

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• Do all mods simply alter game files? [on hold]

  - by Starkers

  When you install some mods you drag certain files into your game directory and replace the files. Other mods, though, come with an installer where you can set parameters first. Does the installer then go and automatically replace the certain files? At the end of the day, is that all the installation of any mod is? Is the installation of a mod simply the replacement of certain files inside the game's root directory? Do mods exist which don't fit the above statement? That install outside the game's root? Why do they do this? All the mods I can think of do just replace certain files inside the game's root. However, I know Team Fortress was spawned from a multiplayer halflife 1 mod. Do you reckon that mod installed files outside the root to enable multiplayer via a network for a single player game? How rare are these mods? Or do they not even exist? Do even extensive mods make all their changes inside the root?

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• How to store bitmaps in memory?

  - by Geotarget

  I'm working with general purpose image rendering, and high-performance image processing, and so I need to know how to store bitmaps in-memory. (24bpp/32bpp, compressed/raw, etc) I'm not working with 3D graphics or DirectX / OpenGL rendering and so I don't need to use graphics card compatible bitmap formats. My questions: What is the "usual" or "normal" way to store bitmaps in memory? (in C++ engines/projects?) How to store bitmaps for high-performance algorithms, such that read/write times are the fastest? (fixed array? with/without padding? 24-bpp or 32-bpp?) How to store bitmaps for applications handling a lot of bitmap data, to minimize memory usage? (JPEG? or a faster [de]compression algorithm?) Some possible methods: Use a fixed packed 24-bpp or 32-bpp int[] array and simply access pixels using pointer access, all pixels are allocated in one continuous memory chunk (could be 1-10 MB) Use a form of "sparse" data storage so each line of the bitmap is allocated separately, reusing more memory and requiring smaller contiguous memory segments Store bitmaps in its compressed form (PNG, JPG, GIF, etc) and unpack only when its needed, reducing the amount of memory used. Delete the unpacked data if its not used for 10 secs.

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• Possible to draw a select portion of a render target? (in XNA)

  - by TheBroodian

  I'm going to try to do this in reverse fashion and skip straight to the punch line, and then give the back story afterward: Is it possible to, after drawing a scene to a RenderTarget2D, only draw a select portion of the RenderTarget2D, if I don't want the entire thing? I'm using xTile to manage world data in my game (it's a great piece of work, colinvella [xTile's author] has made an amazing product), and for the most part it works great. xTile supports parallax effects in its layers to add some wonderful depth to 2d scenes, which was great, until I implemented a dynamic split-screen system into my game. Wanted to make a co-op game that wouldn't require players to be in close proximity to each other, so I made it so that if the players separate too far apart, the singular full-screen viewport 'snaps-apart', and is replaced by two split-screen viewports, which then smoothly transition to their respective player targets. The effect is pretty smooth aside from the part where the parallax backgrounds become skewed once the viewports split, because xTile's ratio for handling parallax effects is dependent upon viewport size. This is unfortunate, because the effect would otherwise be really snazzy, but the backgrounds become pretty heavily affected when the game goes from single-viewport to multi-viewport. So, Colinvella suggests using rendertargets to record the scene at full viewport size, and then only drawing a portion of it. But as far as I can tell, that isn't even possible? That being said, I've never even used render targets before, so I'm still learning, hence the question here.

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• What's the recommended way of doing a HUD for an android game?

  - by joxnas

  Basically the question is in the title. I'm creating a RTS game and I will need buttons like attack move / attack ground, etc. I am not using any engine. When people do games in OpenGL for android (my case), do they ever use android components to control the game or do they create their components in the game? What are the general recommended approach, if there's any? How about more complex components like scrolling lists of items , etc? I would also appreciate you to pair your answer with a brief comment about how was your experience using the approach(es) you describe. Thanks :)

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• Why do I have an error when adding states in slick?

  - by SystemNetworks

  When I was going to create another state I had an error. This is my code: public static final int play2 = 3; and public Game(String gamename){ this.addState(new mission(play2)); } and public void initStatesList(GameContainer gc) throws SlickException{ this.getState(play2).init(gc, this); } I have an error in the addState. above the above code. I don't know where is the problem. But if you want the whole code it is here: package javagame; import org.newdawn.slick.*; import org.newdawn.slick.state.*; public class Game extends StateBasedGame{ public static final String gamename = "NET FRONT"; public static final int menu = 0; public static final int play = 1; public static final int train = 2; public static final int play2 = 3; public Game(String gamename){ super(gamename); this.addState(new Menu(menu)); this.addState(new Play(play)); this.addState(new train(train)); this.addState(new mission(play2)); } public void initStatesList(GameContainer gc) throws SlickException{ this.getState(menu).init(gc, this); this.getState(play).init(gc, this); this.getState(train).init(gc, this); this.enterState(menu); this.getState(play2).init(gc, this); } public static void main(String[] args) { try{ AppGameContainer app =new AppGameContainer(new Game(gamename)); app.setDisplayMode(1500, 1000, false); app.start(); }catch(SlickException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } } //SYSTEM NETWORKS(C) 2012 NET FRONT

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• How do I separate model positions from view positions in MVC?

  - by tieTYT

  Using MVC in games (as opposed to web apps) always confuses me when it comes to the view. How am I supposed to keep the model agnostic of how the view is presenting things? I always end up giving the Model a position that holds x and y but invariably, these values end up being in units of pixels and that feels wrong. I can see the advantage* of avoiding that but how am I supposed to? This idea was suggested: Don't think of it in units of pixels, think of them in arbitrary distance units that just happen map to pixels at a 1:1 ratio. Oh, the resolution is half of what it was? We are now taking the x/y coordinates at 50% value for screen display, and your spells casting range is still 300 units long, which now is 150 pixels. But those numbers conveniently work out. What do I do if the numbers divide in such a way that I get decimal places? Floating points are unsafe. I think allowing decimal places would eventually cause really weird bugs in my game. *It'd let me write the model once and write different views depending on the device.

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• (Where) Can I learn creating art for my 2D games?

  - by Poorly paid coder

  I'm currently bad at drawing. If I want to create something looking acceptable, it usually takes me hours and hours to fiddle around just to get the basic looks right. I think that I'm not completely skill-less, I just lack simple drawing techniques.. Am I a hopeless case? Where is a good place to start out in drawing for 2D games? I'd like to be able to create acceptably good backgrounds, terrains / tilemaps, characters and weapons

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• Locomotion-system with irregular IK

  - by htaunay

  Im having some trouble with locomtions (Unity3D asset) IK feet placement. I wouldn't call it "very bad", but it definitely isn't as smooth as the Locomotion System Examples. The strangest behavior (that is probably linked to the problem) are the rendered foot markers that "guess" where the characters next step will be. In the demo, they are smooth and stable. However, in my project, they keep flickering, as if Locomotion changed its "guess" every frame, and sometimes, the automatic defined step is too close to the previous step, or sometimes, too distant, creating a very irregular pattern. The configuration is (apparently)Identical to the human example in the demo, so I guessing the problem is my model and/or animation. Problem is, I can't figure out was it is =S Has anyone experienced the same problem? I uploaded a video of the bug to help interpreting the issue (excuse the HORRIBLE quality, I was in a hurry).

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• How are trajectories calculated and transmitted to other players in Multi-Player ?

  - by giulio

  I play alot of COD4. And can see tracers for gunfire, missles, care packages fall from helicopters etc. There is alot of activity. I am curious to know the algorithm (at a high level) that manages all this action when you have 20 people on a map shooting each other to death ? This question touches on the subject but doesn't ask for a more in-depth answer as to how you the developers go about calculating and transmitting movement and collision detection for projectiles, be it missles/bullets or any other object that is flying through the air in real-time.

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