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• western digital caviar black. EXT4-fs error [migrated]

  - by azat

  Recently I update my HDD on desktop machine, and bought WD Caviar Black. But after I format & copy information to it (using dd), and fix partitions size: I have next errors in kern.log: Aug 27 16:04:35 home-spb kernel: [148265.326264] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 9054, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:07:11 home-spb kernel: [148421.493483] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 9045, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:17 home-spb kernel: [148546.481693] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 10299, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:17 home-spb kernel: [148546.487147] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.258711] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4345, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.277591] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.278202] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4344, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.284760] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.291983] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 9051, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.297495] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.297916] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 9050, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.297940] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.303213] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4425, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.312127] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.312487] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4424, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.317858] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.322231] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4336, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.326250] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.326599] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4335, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.332397] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.341957] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 5764, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.350709] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.351127] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 5763, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.355916] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.401055] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 10063, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.404357] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.414699] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 10073, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.420411] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.493933] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 9059, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.493956] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. One time, machine rebooted (not manually), when I turn it on, it runs fsck on /dev/sdc2 and fix some errors and some files are missing on /dev/sdc2 I'v check /dev/sdc2 for badblocks, it doesn't have it ( using e2fsck -c /dev/sdc2 ) Here is the output of fsck http://pastebin.com/D5LmLVBY What else I can do to understand what's wrong here? BTW for /dev/sdc1 no message like that, in kern.log Linux version: 3.3.0 Distributive: Debian wheezy

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• Exposing the AnyConnect HTTPS service to outside network

  - by Maciej Swic

  We have a Cisco ASA 5505 with firmware ASA9.0(1) and ASDM 7.0(2). It is configured with a public ip address, and when trying to reach it from the outside by HTTPS for AnyConnect VPN, we get the following log output: 6 Nov 12 2012 07:01:40 <client-ip> 51000 <asa-ip> 443 Built inbound TCP connection 2889 for outside:<client-ip>/51000 (<client-ip>/51000) to identity:<asa-ip>/443 (<asa-ip>/443) 6 Nov 12 2012 07:01:40 <client-ip> 50999 <asa-ip> 443 Built inbound TCP connection 2890 for outside:<client-ip>/50999 (<client-ip>/50999) to identity:<asa-ip>/443 (<asa-ip>/443) 6 Nov 12 2012 07:01:40 <client-ip> 51000 <asa-ip> 443 Teardown TCP connection 2889 for outside:<client-ip>/51000 to identity:<asa-ip>/443 duration 0:00:00 bytes 0 No valid adjacency 6 Nov 12 2012 07:01:40 <client-ip> 50999 <asa-ip> 443 Teardown TCP connection 2890 for outside:<client-ip>/50999 to identity:<asa-ip>/443 duration 0:00:00 bytes 0 No valid adjacency We finished the startup wizard and the anyconnect vpn wizard and here is the resulting configuration: Cryptochecksum: 12262d68 23b0d136 bb55644a 9c08f86b : Saved : Written by enable_15 at 07:08:30.519 UTC Mon Nov 12 2012 ! ASA Version 9.0(1) ! hostname vpn domain-name office.<redacted>.com enable password <redacted> encrypted passwd <redacted> encrypted names ip local pool vpn-pool 192.168.67.2-192.168.67.253 mask 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ! interface Ethernet0/3 ! interface Ethernet0/4 ! interface Ethernet0/5 ! interface Ethernet0/6 ! interface Ethernet0/7 ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.68.250 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address <redacted> 255.255.255.248 ! ftp mode passive dns server-group DefaultDNS domain-name office.<redacted>.com object network obj_any subnet 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm informational mtu outside 1500 mtu inside 1500 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 no arp permit-nonconnected ! object network obj_any nat (inside,outside) dynamic interface timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout pat-xlate 0:00:30 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 timeout floating-conn 0:00:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy user-identity default-domain LOCAL http server enable http 192.168.68.0 255.255.255.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart warmstart crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal DES protocol esp encryption des protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal 3DES protocol esp encryption 3des protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES protocol esp encryption aes protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES192 protocol esp encryption aes-192 protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES256 protocol esp encryption aes-256 protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec security-association pmtu-aging infinite crypto dynamic-map SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP 65535 set ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES256 AES192 AES 3DES DES crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto map inside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP crypto map inside_map interface inside crypto ca trustpoint _SmartCallHome_ServerCA crl configure crypto ca trustpoint ASDM_TrustPoint0 enrollment self subject-name CN=vpn proxy-ldc-issuer crl configure crypto ca trustpool policy crypto ca certificate chain _SmartCallHome_ServerCA certificate ca 6ecc7aa5a7032009b8cebcf4e952d491 <redacted> quit crypto ca certificate chain ASDM_TrustPoint0 certificate f678a050 <redacted> quit crypto ikev2 policy 1 encryption aes-256 integrity sha group 5 2 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 policy 10 encryption aes-192 integrity sha group 5 2 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 policy 20 encryption aes integrity sha group 5 2 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 policy 30 encryption 3des integrity sha group 5 2 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 policy 40 encryption des integrity sha group 5 2 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 enable outside client-services port 443 crypto ikev2 remote-access trustpoint ASDM_TrustPoint0 telnet timeout 5 ssh 192.168.68.0 255.255.255.0 inside ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 vpn-addr-assign local reuse-delay 60 dhcpd auto_config outside ! dhcpd address 192.168.68.254-192.168.68.254 inside ! threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics access-list no threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept ssl trust-point ASDM_TrustPoint0 inside ssl trust-point ASDM_TrustPoint0 outside webvpn enable outside enable inside anyconnect image disk0:/anyconnect-win-3.1.01065-k9.pkg 1 anyconnect image disk0:/anyconnect-linux-3.1.01065-k9.pkg 2 anyconnect image disk0:/anyconnect-macosx-i386-3.1.01065-k9.pkg 3 anyconnect profiles GM-AnyConnect_client_profile disk0:/GM-AnyConnect_client_profile.xml anyconnect enable tunnel-group-list enable group-policy GroupPolicy_GM-AnyConnect internal group-policy GroupPolicy_GM-AnyConnect attributes wins-server none dns-server value 192.168.68.254 vpn-tunnel-protocol ikev2 ssl-client default-domain value office.<redacted>.com webvpn anyconnect profiles value GM-AnyConnect_client_profile type user username <redacted> password <redacted> encrypted tunnel-group GM-AnyConnect type remote-access tunnel-group GM-AnyConnect general-attributes address-pool vpn-pool default-group-policy GroupPolicy_GM-AnyConnect tunnel-group GM-AnyConnect webvpn-attributes group-alias GM-AnyConnect enable ! class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map parameters message-length maximum client auto message-length maximum 512 policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns preset_dns_map inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect esmtp inspect sqlnet inspect skinny inspect sunrpc inspect xdmcp inspect sip inspect netbios inspect tftp inspect ip-options ! service-policy global_policy global prompt hostname context call-home reporting anonymous Cryptochecksum:12262d6823b0d136bb55644a9c08f86b : end Clearly we are missing something, but the question is, what?

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• RAID1 rebuild fails due to disk errors

  - by overlord_tm

  Quick info: Dell R410 with 2x500GB drives in RAID1 on H700 Adapter Recently one of drives in RAID1 array on server failed, lets call it Drive 0. RAID controller marked it as fault and put it offline. I replaced faulty disk with new one (same series and manufacturer, just bigger) and configured new disk as hot spare. Rebuild from Drive1 started immediately and after 1.5 hour I got message that Drive 1 failed. Server was unresponsive (kernel panic) and required reboot. Given that half hour before this error rebuild was at about 40%, I estimated that new drive is not in sync yet and tried to reboot just with Drive 1. RAID controller complained a bit about missing RAID arrays, but it found foreign RAID array on Drive 1 and I imported it. Server booted and it runs (from degraded RAID). Here is SMART data for disks. Drive 0 (the one that failed first) ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAGS VALUE WORST THRESH FAIL RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate POSR-K 200 200 051 - 1 3 Spin_Up_Time POS--K 142 142 021 - 3866 4 Start_Stop_Count -O--CK 100 100 000 - 12 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct PO--CK 200 200 140 - 0 7 Seek_Error_Rate -OSR-K 200 200 000 - 0 9 Power_On_Hours -O--CK 086 086 000 - 10432 10 Spin_Retry_Count -O--CK 100 253 000 - 0 11 Calibration_Retry_Count -O--CK 100 253 000 - 0 12 Power_Cycle_Count -O--CK 100 100 000 - 11 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count -O--CK 200 200 000 - 10 193 Load_Cycle_Count -O--CK 200 200 000 - 1 194 Temperature_Celsius -O---K 112 106 000 - 31 196 Reallocated_Event_Count -O--CK 200 200 000 - 0 197 Current_Pending_Sector -O--CK 200 200 000 - 0 198 Offline_Uncorrectable ----CK 200 200 000 - 0 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count -O--CK 200 200 000 - 0 200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate ---R-- 200 198 000 - 3 And Drive 1 (the drive which was reported healthy from controller until rebuild was attempted) ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAGS VALUE WORST THRESH FAIL RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate POSR-K 200 200 051 - 35 3 Spin_Up_Time POS--K 143 143 021 - 3841 4 Start_Stop_Count -O--CK 100 100 000 - 12 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct PO--CK 200 200 140 - 0 7 Seek_Error_Rate -OSR-K 200 200 000 - 0 9 Power_On_Hours -O--CK 086 086 000 - 10455 10 Spin_Retry_Count -O--CK 100 253 000 - 0 11 Calibration_Retry_Count -O--CK 100 253 000 - 0 12 Power_Cycle_Count -O--CK 100 100 000 - 11 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count -O--CK 200 200 000 - 10 193 Load_Cycle_Count -O--CK 200 200 000 - 1 194 Temperature_Celsius -O---K 114 105 000 - 29 196 Reallocated_Event_Count -O--CK 200 200 000 - 0 197 Current_Pending_Sector -O--CK 200 200 000 - 3 198 Offline_Uncorrectable ----CK 100 253 000 - 0 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count -O--CK 200 200 000 - 0 200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate ---R-- 100 253 000 - 0 In extended error logs from SMART I found: Drive 0 has only one error Error 1 [0] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 10282 hours (428 days + 10 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were: ER -- ST COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC -- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- -- 10 -- 51 00 18 00 00 00 6a 24 20 40 00 Error: IDNF at LBA = 0x006a2420 = 6956064 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FEATR COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- -- --------------- -------------------- 61 00 60 00 f8 00 00 00 6a 24 20 40 00 17d+20:25:18.105 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED 61 00 18 00 60 00 00 00 6a 24 00 40 00 17d+20:25:18.105 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED 61 00 80 00 58 00 00 00 6a 23 80 40 00 17d+20:25:18.105 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED 61 00 68 00 50 00 00 00 6a 23 18 40 00 17d+20:25:18.105 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED 61 00 10 00 10 00 00 00 6a 23 00 40 00 17d+20:25:18.104 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED But Drive 1 has 883 errors. I see only few last ones and all errors I can see look like this: Error 883 [18] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 10454 hours (435 days + 14 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were: ER -- ST COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC -- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- -- 01 -- 51 00 80 00 00 39 97 19 c2 40 00 Error: AMNF at LBA = 0x399719c2 = 966203842 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FEATR COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- -- --------------- -------------------- 60 00 80 00 00 00 00 39 97 19 80 40 00 1d+00:25:57.802 READ FPDMA QUEUED 2f 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 10 40 00 1d+00:25:57.779 READ LOG EXT 60 00 80 00 00 00 00 39 97 19 80 40 00 1d+00:25:55.704 READ FPDMA QUEUED 2f 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 10 40 00 1d+00:25:55.681 READ LOG EXT 60 00 80 00 00 00 00 39 97 19 80 40 00 1d+00:25:53.606 READ FPDMA QUEUED Given those errors, is there any way I can rebuild RAID back, or should I make backup, shutdown server, replace disks with new ones and restore it? What about if I dd faulty disk to new one from linux running on USB/CD? Also, if anyone have more experiences, what could be causes for those errors? Crappy controller or disks? Disks are about 1 year old, but it is pretty unbelievable to me that both would die within so short timespan.

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• Launching mysql server: same permissions for root and for user

  - by toinbis

  Hi folks, have been directed here from stackoverflow here, am reposting the question and adding my.cnf at the end of a post. so far in my 10+ years experience with linux, all the permission problems I've ever encountered, have been successfully solved with chmod -R 777 /path/where/the/problem/has/occured (every lie has a grain of truth in it :) This time the trick doesn't work, so I'm turning to you for help. I'm compiling mysql server from scratch with zc.buildout (www . buildout . org). I do launch it by executing /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe, this works. The thing is that i'll be launching this from within supervisor (supervisord . org) script, and when used on the deployment server, it'll need it to be launched with root permissions(so that nginx server, launched with the same script, would have access to 80 port). The problem is that sudo /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe, fails, generating the error, posted bellow, in mysql error log (apache and nginx works as expected). http://lists.mysql.com/mysql/216045 suggests, that "there are two errors: A missing table and a file system that mysqld doesn't have access to". Mysqldatadir and all the mysql server binary files has 777 permissions, talbe mysql.plugin does exist and has 777 permissions (why Can't open the mysql.plugin table?), "sudo touch mysql_datadir/tmp/file" does create file (why Can't create/write to file /home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir/tmp/ib4e9Huz?). chgrp -R mysql mysql_datadir and adding "root, toinbis, mysql" users to mysql group ( cat /etc/group | grep mysql outputs mysql:x:124:root,toinbis,mysql) has no effect - when i launch it as a casual user, it starts, when as a root - it fails. Does mysql server, even started as root, tries to operate as other, let's say, 'mysql' user? but even in that case, adding mysql user to mysql group and making all the mysql_datadirs files belong to mysql group should make things work smoothly. I do know that it might be a better idea to simply to launch one the nginx as root and mysql - as just a user, but this error irritated me enough so to devote enough energy so not to only "make things work", but to also make things work exactly as i wanted it initially, so to have a proof of concept that it's possible. and this is the generated error: 091213 20:02:55 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql/libexec/mysqld: Table 'plugin' is read only 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql/libexec/mysqld: Can't create/write to file '/home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir/tmp/ib4e9Huz' (Errcode: 13) 091213 20:02:55 InnoDB: Error: unable to create temporary file; errno: 13 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error. 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed. 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.sock ? 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Aborting 091213 20:02:55 [Note] /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql/libexec/mysqld: Shutdown complete 091213 20:02:55 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.pid ended My my.cnf (the basedir and datadir(including tempdir) have chmod -R 777 permissions) : [client] socket = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.sock port = 8002 [mysqld_safe] socket = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # socket = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.sock port = 8002 pid-file = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.pid basedir = /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql datadir = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir tmpdir = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir/tmp skip-external-locking bind-address = 127.0.0.1 log-error =/home/toinbis/.../runtime/logs/mysql_errorlog # # * Fine Tuning # key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 32M thread_stack = 128K thread_cache_size = 8 myisam-recover = BACKUP #max_connections = 100 #table_cache = 64 #thread_concurrency = 10 # # * Query Cache Configuration # query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_size = 16M # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. #log = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/logs/mysql_logs/mysql.log # # Error logging goes to syslog. This is a Debian improvement :) # # Here you can see queries with especially long duration #log_slow_queries = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/logs/mysql_logs/mysql-slow.log #long_query_time = 2 #log-queries-not-using-indexes # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. #server-id = 1 #log_bin = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir/mysql-bin.log #binlog_format = ROW #read_only = 0 #expire_logs_days = 10 #max_binlog_size = 100M #sync_binlog = 1 #binlog_do_db = include_database_name #binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name # # * InnoDB # innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_buffer_pool_size=64M innodb_log_file_size=16M innodb_log_buffer_size=8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 innodb_file_per_table innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1 [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 32M [mysql] #no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completion [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M Any ideas much appreciated! regards, to P.S. sorry for messy hyperlinks, it's my first post and anti-spam feature of SF doesn't allow to post them properly :)

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• Spotlight Infinite Indexing issue (external data drive)

  - by Manca Weeks

  This is an external drive, formerly a boot drive which is now in use only to access music files (sibelius, audio, midi, live, logic etc.) without transferring the data into a new boot system, partly because of the issue I am about to describe, but mostly because the majority of the data is mainly there for archival purposes. The user is a composer and prominent musician and needs to be able to rehash the data at will. I have tried several things - here is a list: - make complete filesystem clone with antonio diaz's ddrescue - run Disk Warrior on copy, repair whatever errors occurred - wipe out all ACLs on entire drive - set all permissions to the same value - wide open 777 - remove any system data (applications, system files, including hidden files to the best of my knowledge) by selecting only non-system/app data and using Carbon Copy Cloner to put only the data of interest onto a newly formatted drive - transfer data to newly formatted drive folder by folder, resetting the spotlight index in between adding each to observe for issues (interesting here is that no issues occurred except for in Documents folder - when I transferred only the Documents folder to a newly formatted drive on its own - no trouble. It appears almost as thought it may not be the content but the quantity or specific combination of data that results in problems) - use DataRescue to transfer the data to yet another newly formatted drive to expose any missed hidden files Between each of the above steps I stopped Spotlight (search for anything beginning with md in Activity Monitor - All Processes and quitting it), deleted the .Spotlight-V100 directory from the affected drive. Restart Splotlight indexing by adding drive to Spotlight privacy list and removing it. In each case the same issue occurs - Spotlight begins indexing normally (or so it seems), then the index estimated time increases, usually to 4 hours remaining. This is where it gets stuck and continues to predict 4 hours remaining but never finishes. Sometimes I can't eject the drive and have to quit the md.. processes from Activity Monitor to be able to eject the drive without Force Eject. Once I disconnect the drive after the 4 hours remaining situation - if I reattach it, Spotlight forever estimates remaining time and never gets going again. So there it is. It is apparently not a filesystem issue, not a permissions issue and not tied to any particular piece of hardware or protocol (used USB and FW drives). I have tried this on several machines (3 to be precise) and in 10.5.8 and 10.6.5. Simply disabling Spotlight on this volume is not an option because the owner has no clue where things are as the data on the volume dates back to music projects and compositions from 2003 and before. He needs to be able to query for results. Anyone got any ideas? ---update 2-6-11 Since I have not received any responses except the one below which appears to misunderstand my point, I am updating this post hoping to get more responses. I have used the terminal command sudo opensnoop -p PID where PID is the mdworker process ID to try and determine what Spotlight is doing and hopefully find the files it's having trouble with. Here's what happens: After indexing for a few hours, mdworker is gone. It no longer shows up in Activity Monitor under "All Processes" and the Terminal window with the opensnoop result stops moving. I then proceeded to execute the same command on mds to see what it was doing and here's what I get, repeatedly: 501 57 mds 21 / 501 57 mds 21 /Volumes/Sno Leppard 501 57 mds 21 /Volumes/Tiger 501 57 mds 21 /Volumes/Leppard 501 57 mds 21 /Volumes/Disk Warrior 501 57 mds 21 /Volumes/ONM Data These represent all the volumes currently mounted in the system. All except ONM Data, which is the one I am trying to index, are excluded from SPotlight indexing at the moment. The sequence above repeats over and over, with slight variation, sometimes skipping one of the volumes. Questions - what happened to mdworker? What is mds doing? I will let this run until tomorrow morning and throughout the day and monitor for any changes. Any input would be very much appreciated. Even if you're not sure what the ultimate answer is, please alert me to anything you think I may be missing. Hopefully at some point we will figure this out... Thanks, M __final edit__ I finally resolved the issue and here is how I did it. I used the terminal command "sudo opensnoop -p PID" where the PID is the process id of the processes I was monitoring. I was looking at all instances of mds and mdworker running in the system. After the third time through indexing the same data set (see info above), I contacted Apple and got to their highest level of support - they were flabbergasted as well. They advised me to install yet another default 10.6.6 system and try again. The same pattern repeated - mds and mdworker(s) would start indexing and eventually the spotlight icon would say 6 hours remaining and all mdworkers were gone, mds at 90% or so of CPU. But I did finally figure out that the first time mdworker stopped like that, the last file it touched was always in the same folder. I excluded that folder from spotlight search and the rest of the data set indexed within about 2 hours with no strange behavior or failures. I copied that folder to another machine and Spotlight barfed immediately. Exclude that folder and all is well again. I have no clue what is causing this behavior, still, but I did find a functional solution to the problem. Anyone with a similar problem - run opensnoop on all instances of mds and mdworker and wait patiently for wdworker to exit. Look at the last file it touched and exclude the enclosing folder from being indexed. I was able to repeat the issue and solution on 2 different installs and 2 different copies of the data set. Hope this helps. If we find an actual cause of the folder being such a problem (it is called MICHAEL BRECKER RECORD SOLOS and contains almost 1 GB of audio related files - performer, live, SD2 - things like that), I will edit again to let you all know. Thanks for ay attempts to help, M

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• Problem installing Ubuntu 10.04 64 bit side by side with Vista by using a bootable USB drive. What n

  - by Adam Siddhi

  What happened I decided to install Ubuntu 10.04 64 bit side by side with Vista Home Premium (I guess on another partition) with a USB stick. I found instructions on how to do this here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick To create the bootable USB drive I had to download a program called Unetbootin. That process was simple enough. All I had to do was just choose the disk image option, select the ubuntu-10.04-desktop-amd64.iso image, make sure it recognizes my USB drive and then press OK. It takes only like a few minutes to create a working bootable USB drive. Then I have to restart my computer, enter the BIOS, select my USB drive as the first boot drive, save options and continue with booting up. After this Ubuntu actually loads up. I think this is known as the Live version of Ubuntu so you can try it out before fully installing it. Any ways, on the Ubuntu 10.04 desktop I saw an installer. I click it and begin the installation process. Just so you know, I tried installing it 2 times. I will explain what happened each time: The first time I tried installing Ubuntu 10.04 I got stuck at step 4 of 7. I remember selecting the last option in the window which was Specify Partitions Manually (Advanced) I made my partition for Ubuntu like 52 gigs. I clicked forward and a little pop up window appeared saying Please Wait. So the installation process stalled on this window so I closed out of it and quit the installation process. So at this point I was worried because I had already selected the partition size and assumed it started making it. Since it stalled I had to quit out though. Anyways, once again I reached step 4 of 7 a decided to select the first option which is Install them side by side choosing between them each startup. I figured this was the safe way to go. I did that and the pop up window saying Please Wait popped up again but lasted only like 10 seconds. Then I got to I guess step 6 where it asks you to enter your desired name and password. Did that and clicked forward. The Ubuntu 10.04 installation load screen appeared and the loading bar at the bottom started filling up. So I got to 83% and stalled during the Importing other profile information (I think it was called this. I had the option to do this during I think step 6) process. So at this point I decided to get stop the installation process. I was getting very nervous. I tried to restart the computer but all that happened was that Ubuntu restarted. I finally got the computer to restart. I was pretty sure I had screwed something up big time by this point. As my computer was restarting I entered BIOS again and switched back to it booting from my main hard drive containing Vista. Saved it and continued the boot process. My worst fears were confirmed as Vista would not boot up. I mean I saw the little Microsoft Windows choppy animated green loading bar at the bottom of the screen and then boom! It decided to restart. When it restarted I had the option to run a memory test check to see if there was anything that needed to be repaired. That took like 20 minutes and at the end I saw that I did indeed have to repair something. I had to go through 2 repair processes. After each I had to restart the computer. The 2nd time it went through the repair process it said that it could not fully repair the damage. I was scared and restarted but Vista did load up. I got to my desktop and saw a message saying something like Repairs have been made, Please restart for changes to take effect I noticed that some Notification icons were missing and I could not hear volume in a video. Things were a bit funky. So I did restart and here I am. Now what?! So since I got back into Vista and thankfully have a working Internet connection I am trying to find answers to my problem (that is why I am writing this post). I am scared that I have partioned my hard drive 2 times after researching Installing Ubuntu 10.04 and seeing this post http://techie-buzz.com/foss/ubuntu-10-04-lts-installation-guide.html The author shows screen shots of installing Ubuntu 10.04. He shows the image of step 4 of 7 with a caption at the bottom. I will recreate it below: Select a partitioning option. Unless you want to format all the hard drive and install Ubuntu afresh, select the last option and proceed. Questions If I have indeed partitioned my HD 2 times (which I am sure it is), how do I get to a point where I can see all my bad, unfinished Ubuntu partitions and get rid of them? How do I clean this big mess up? & How can I ensure that this mess will not happen next time I try installing Ubuntu 10.04? Thank you Adam

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• Munin email notification

  - by Prashanth

  I am trying to get munin to notify me via email. I have configured munin and it reports critical and warning values but no alerts are being sent neither is any script being called. Can you please help me out with this? I have included part of the munin.conf below # Drop [email protected] and [email protected] an email everytime # something changes (OK -> WARNING, CRITICAL -> OK, etc) #contact.someuser.command mail -s "Munin notification" [email protected]\ contact.prashanth.command echo "Munin notification" | sendmail -t [email protected] contact.prashanth.always_send warning critical contact.root.command echo "Munin notification" | sendmail -t [email protected] contact.root.always_send warning critical contact.pipevia.command | /home/prashanth/script.sh /home/prashanth/script.sh None of this works. What am i missing here and why are emails not being sent? Thanks in advance. here is the munin-limits.log 2011/09/26 14:58:12 Opened log file 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [INFO] Starting munin-limits, getting lock /var/run/munin/munin-limits.lock 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 722. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 725. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 740. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 754. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 759. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $text in length at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 774. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $res[3] in join or string at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 777. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 722. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 725. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 740. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 754. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 759. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $text in length at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 774. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $res[15] in join or string at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 777. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 722. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 725. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 740. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 754. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 759. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $text in length at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 774. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $res[1] in join or string at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 777. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 722. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 725. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 740. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 754. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 759. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $text in length at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 774. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $res[1] in join or string at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 777. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 Baz? 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [INFO] munin-limits finished (0.02 sec) 2011/09/26 14:58:12 Command "prashanth" stderr: Munin notification - this is a test mail from the user prashanth | sendmail -t [email protected]

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• Can't log in via SSH to any accounts set to use /bin/bash as a default shell

  - by Gui Ambros

  I'm trying to install bash as the default shell on a ARM Linux running on an embedded device (Synology DS212+ NAS). But there's something really wrong, and I can't figure out what it is. Symptoms: 1) Root has /bin/bash as default shell, and can log in normally via SSH: $ grep root /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash $ ssh root@NAS root@NAS's password: Last login: Sun Dec 16 14:06:56 2012 from desktop # 2) joeuser has /bin/bash as default shell, and receives "Permission denied" when trying to log in via SSH: $ grep joeuser /etc/passwd joeuser:x:1029:100:Joe User:/home/joeuser:/bin/bash $ ssh joeuser@localhost joeuser@NAS's password: Last login: Sun Dec 16 14:07:22 2012 from desktop Permission denied, please try again. Connection to localhost closed. 3) changing joeuser's shell back to /bin/sh: $ grep joeuser /etc/passwd joeuser:x:1029:100:Joe User:/home/joeuser:/bin/sh $ ssh joeuser@localhost Last login: Sun Dec 16 15:50:52 2012 from localhost $ To make things even more strange, I can log in as joeuser using /bin/bash using the serial console (!). Also a su - joeuser as root works fine, so the bash binary itself is working fine. In an act of despair, I changed joeuser's uid to 0 on /etc/passwd, but also didn't work, so it doesn't seem to be anything permission related. Seems that bash is doing some extra checking that sshd didn't like, and blocking the connections for non-root users. Maybe some sort of sanity checking - or terminal emulation - that is triggering the SIGCHLD, but only when called via ssh. I already went through every single item on sshd_config, and also put SSHD in debug mode, but didn't find anything strange. Here's my /etc/ssh/sshd_config: LogLevel DEBUG LoginGraceTime 2m PermitRootLogin yes RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys ChallengeResponseAuthentication no UsePAM yes AllowTcpForwarding no ChrootDirectory none Subsystem sftp internal-sftp -f DAEMON -u 000 And here's the output from /usr/syno/sbin/sshd -d, showing the failed attempt of joeuser trying to log in, with /bin/bash as the shell: debug1: Config token is loglevel debug1: Config token is logingracetime debug1: Config token is permitrootlogin debug1: Config token is rsaauthentication debug1: Config token is pubkeyauthentication debug1: Config token is authorizedkeysfile debug1: Config token is challengeresponseauthentication debug1: Config token is usepam debug1: Config token is allowtcpforwarding debug1: Config token is chrootdirectory debug1: Config token is subsystem debug1: HPN Buffer Size: 87380 debug1: sshd version OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA debug1: private host key: #0 type 1 RSA debug1: read PEM private key done: type DSA debug1: private host key: #1 type 2 DSA debug1: read PEM private key done: type ECDSA debug1: private host key: #2 type 3 ECDSA debug1: rexec_argv[0]='/usr/syno/sbin/sshd' debug1: rexec_argv[1]='-d' Set /proc/self/oom_adj from 0 to -17 debug1: Bind to port 22 on ::. debug1: Server TCP RWIN socket size: 87380 debug1: HPN Buffer Size: 87380 Server listening on :: port 22. debug1: Bind to port 22 on 0.0.0.0. debug1: Server TCP RWIN socket size: 87380 debug1: HPN Buffer Size: 87380 Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22. debug1: Server will not fork when running in debugging mode. debug1: rexec start in 6 out 6 newsock 6 pipe -1 sock 9 debug1: inetd sockets after dupping: 4, 4 Connection from 127.0.0.1 port 52212 debug1: HPN Disabled: 0, HPN Buffer Size: 87380 debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 SSH: Server;Ltype: Version;Remote: 127.0.0.1-52212;Protocol: 2.0;Client: OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 debug1: permanently_set_uid: 1024/100 debug1: MYFLAG IS 1 debug1: list_hostkey_types: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: AUTH STATE IS 0 debug1: REQUESTED ENC.NAME is 'aes128-ctr' debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none SSH: Server;Ltype: Kex;Remote: 127.0.0.1-52212;Enc: aes128-ctr;MAC: hmac-md5;Comp: none debug1: REQUESTED ENC.NAME is 'aes128-ctr' debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: KEX done debug1: userauth-request for user joeuser service ssh-connection method none SSH: Server;Ltype: Authname;Remote: 127.0.0.1-52212;Name: joeuser debug1: attempt 0 failures 0 debug1: Config token is loglevel debug1: Config token is logingracetime debug1: Config token is permitrootlogin debug1: Config token is rsaauthentication debug1: Config token is pubkeyauthentication debug1: Config token is authorizedkeysfile debug1: Config token is challengeresponseauthentication debug1: Config token is usepam debug1: Config token is allowtcpforwarding debug1: Config token is chrootdirectory debug1: Config token is subsystem debug1: PAM: initializing for "joeuser" debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "localhost" debug1: PAM: setting PAM_TTY to "ssh" debug1: userauth-request for user joeuser service ssh-connection method password debug1: attempt 1 failures 0 debug1: do_pam_account: called Accepted password for joeuser from 127.0.0.1 port 52212 ssh2 debug1: monitor_child_preauth: joeuser has been authenticated by privileged process debug1: PAM: establishing credentials User child is on pid 9129 debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2. debug1: server_init_dispatch_20 debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 65536 max 16384 debug1: input_session_request debug1: channel 0: new [server-session] debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: session_open: channel 0 debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0 debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0 debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request pty-req reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req pty-req debug1: Allocating pty. debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: session_pty_req: session 0 alloc /dev/pts/1 debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request shell reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req shell debug1: Setting controlling tty using TIOCSCTTY. debug1: Received SIGCHLD. debug1: session_by_pid: pid 9130 debug1: session_exit_message: session 0 channel 0 pid 9130 debug1: session_exit_message: release channel 0 debug1: session_by_tty: session 0 tty /dev/pts/1 debug1: session_pty_cleanup: session 0 release /dev/pts/1 Received disconnect from 127.0.0.1: 11: disconnected by user debug1: do_cleanup debug1: do_cleanup debug1: PAM: cleanup debug1: PAM: closing session debug1: PAM: deleting credentials Here you have the full output of sshd -dd, together with ssh -vv. Bash: # bash --version GNU bash, version 3.2.49(1)-release (arm-none-linux-gnueabi) Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. The bash binary was cross compiled from source. I also tried using a pre-compiled binary from the Optware distribution, but had the exact same problem. I checked for missing shared libraries using objdump -x, but they're all there. Any ideas what could be causing this "Permission denied, please try again."? I'm almost diving in the bash source code to investigate, but trying to avoid hours chasing something that may be silly.

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• KVM Guest installed from console. But how to get to the guest's console?

  - by badbishop

  I'm trying to install a fully virtualized guest (Fedora 14 x86_64) on KVM (RHEL 6), using command-line only (both hypervisor and guest). It goes without errors, and without a tangible result . I'd like to know how to do a text-only installation. So, here's what I've done: # virt-install \ --name=FE --ram=756 --vcpus=1 \ --file=/var/lib/libvirt/images/FE.img --network bridge:br0 \ --nographics --os-type=linux \ --extra-args='console=tty0' -v \ --cdrom=/media/usb/Fedora-14-x86_64-Live-Desktop.iso Starting install... Creating domain... | 0 B 00:00 Connected to domain FE Escape character is ^] ÿ Now what? As I understand after googling for a couple of days, I should see the guest's output from the text installation, but nothing happens. virt-viewer cannot connect to it, kindly suggesting that I explore all the options by adding --help (which I did). If I reconnect with virsh, I see this: Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect to the console to complete the installation process. [root@v ~] # virsh console FEConnected to domain FE Escape character is ^] This shows that VM is running # virsh list Id Name State ---------------------------------- 8 FE running Qemu log: LC_ALL=C PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -S -M rhel6.0.0 -enable-kvm -m 756 -smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1 -name FE -uuid 6989d008-7c89-424c-d2d3-f41235c57a18 -nographic -nodefconfig -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=monitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/FE.monitor,server,nowait -mon chardev=monitor,mode=control -rtc base=utc -no-reboot -boot d -drive file=/var/lib/libvirt/images/FE.img,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0,format=raw,cache=none -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 -drive file=/media/usb/Fedora-14-x86_64-Live-Desktop.iso,if=none,media=cdrom,id=drive-ide0-1-0,readonly=on,format=raw -device ide-drive,bus=ide.1,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-1-0,id=ide0-1-0 -netdev tap,fd=20,id=hostnet0 -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:0a:65:8d,bus=pci.0,addr=0x2 -chardev pty,id=serial0 -device isa-serial,chardev=serial0 -usb -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 char device redirected to /dev/pts/1 Output of /etc/libvirt/qemu/FE.xml # cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/FE.xml <domain type='kvm'> <name>FE</name> <uuid>6989d008-7c89-424c-d2d3-f41235c57a18</uuid> <memory>774144</memory> <currentMemory>774144</currentMemory> <vcpu>1</vcpu> <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.0.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> <pae/> </features> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/> <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/FE.img'/> <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' unit='0'/> </disk> <disk type='block' device='cdrom'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/> <readonly/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' unit='0'/> </disk> <controller type='ide' index='0'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/> </controller> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:0a:65:8d'/> <source bridge='br0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </serial> <console type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </console> <memballoon model='virtio'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> </devices> </domain> I'm obviously missing something that many others don't, but what is it? Thanx in advance!

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• CARP: two machines think they're the master, but only on one interface

  - by Conor McDermottroe

  I have two machines, each configured identically as a firewall/load balancer for a busy website. I have set them up with CARP and pfsync on both the internal and external interfaces. The internal interface is behaving as expected (primary listed as MASTER and secondary listed as BACKUP) On both machines, the network interfaces are as follows: em0 - External interface bge0 - Internal interface bge1 - Crossover connection between both machines carp0 - Shared external interface for CARP carp1 - Shared internal interface for CARP I've rewritten the IP addresses and MAC addresses below. The networks are as follows: 10.0.1.0/24 - External network 10.0.2.0/24 - Internal network 10.0.3.0/24 - Crossover network Here's the output from ifconfig on the primary: em0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=19b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM,TSO4> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.1.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.1.255 media: Ethernet 100baseTX <full-duplex> status: active bge0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.2.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.2.255 media: Ethernet 1000baseT <full-duplex> status: active bge1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.3.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.3.255 media: Ethernet 1000baseT <full-duplex> status: active lo0: flags=80c9<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 16384 options=3<RXCSUM,TXCSUM> inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 pflog0: flags=141<UP,RUNNING,PROMISC> metric 0 mtu 33152 pfsync0: flags=0<> metric 0 mtu 1460 pfsync: syncdev: bge1 syncpeer: 10.0.3.11 maxupd: 128 carp0: flags=49<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> metric 0 mtu 1500 inet 10.0.1.5 netmask 0xffffff00 carp: MASTER vhid 1 advbase 1 advskew 0 carp1: flags=49<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> metric 0 mtu 1500 inet 10.0.2.5 netmask 0xffffff00 carp: MASTER vhid 2 advbase 1 advskew 0 And here's the /etc/rc.conf excerpt from the primary: defaultrouter="10.0.1.1" network_interfaces="em0 bge0 bge1 lo0 pfsync0" cloned_interfaces="carp0 carp1" ifconfig_em0="inet 10.0.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 100BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_bge0="inet 10.0.2.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 1000BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_bge1="inet 10.0.3.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 1000BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_carp0="vhid 1 pass [SNIP] 10.0.1.5/24" ifconfig_carp1="vhid 2 pass [SNIP] 10.0.2.5/24" pfsync_enable="YES" pfsync_syncdev="bge1" pfsync_syncpeer="10.0.3.11" And here's the output on the secondary: em0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=19b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM,TSO4> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.1.11 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.1.255 media: Ethernet 100baseTX <full-duplex> status: active bge0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.2.11 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.2.255 media: Ethernet 1000baseT <full-duplex> status: active bge1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.3.11 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.3.255 media: Ethernet 1000baseT <full-duplex> status: active lo0: flags=80c9<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 16384 options=3<RXCSUM,TXCSUM> inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 pflog0: flags=141<UP,RUNNING,PROMISC> metric 0 mtu 33152 pfsync0: flags=0<> metric 0 mtu 1460 pfsync: syncdev: bge1 syncpeer: 10.0.3.10 maxupd: 128 carp0: flags=49<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> metric 0 mtu 1500 inet 10.0.1.5 netmask 0xffffff00 carp: MASTER vhid 1 advbase 1 advskew 20 carp1: flags=49<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> metric 0 mtu 1500 inet 10.0.2.5 netmask 0xffffff00 carp: BACKUP vhid 2 advbase 1 advskew 20 And here's the /etc/rc.conf excerpt from the secondary: defaultrouter="10.0.1.1" network_interfaces="em0 bge0 bge1 lo0 pfsync0" cloned_interfaces="carp0 carp1" ifconfig_em0="inet 10.0.1.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 100BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_bge0="inet 10.0.2.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 1000BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_bge1="inet 10.0.3.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 1000BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_carp0="vhid 1 pass [SNIP] advskew 20 10.0.1.5/24" ifconfig_carp1="vhid 2 pass [SNIP] advskew 20 10.0.2.5/24" pfsync_enable="YES" pfsync_syncdev="bge1" pfsync_syncpeer="10.0.3.10" What I don't understand is, the carp status on carp0 is MASTER on both machines when the status on carp1 is as it should be (MASTER on the primary and BACKUP on the secondary). What am I missing? Where should I be looking for clues?

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• Mount TMPFS instead of ro /dev

  - by schiggn

  I am working on a ARM-Based embedded system with a custom Debian Linux based on kernel 2.6.31. In the final system, the Root file system is stored as squashfs on flash. Now, the folder /dev is created by udev, but since there is no hot plugging functionality needed and booting time is critical, I wanted to delete udev and "hard code" the /dev folder (read here, page 5). because i still need to change parameters of the devices (with ioctl /sysfs) this does not work for me in this case. so i thought of mounting a tmpfs on /dev and change the parameters there. is this possible? and how to do best? my approach would be: delete /dev from RFS create tar containing basic devices mount tmpfs /dev untar tar-file into /dev change parameters Could this work? Do you see any problems? I found out, that you can mount on top of already mounted mount point, is it somehow possible just to take data with while mounting the new file system? if so that would be very convenient! Thanks Update: I just tried that out, but I'm stuck at a certain point. I packed all my devices into devices.tar, packed it into /usr of my squashfs and added the following lines to mountkernfs.sh, which is executed right after INIT. #mount /dev on tmpfs echo -n "Mounting /dev on tmpfs..." mount -o size=5M,mode=0755 -t tmpfs tmpfs /dev mknod -m 600 /dev/console c 5 1 mknod -m 600 /dev/null c 1 3 echo "done." echo -n "Populating /dev..." tar -xf /usr/devices.tar -C /dev echo "done." This works fine on the version over NFS, if I place printf's in the code, I can see it executing, if I comment out the extracting part, its complaining about missing devices. Booting OK mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0007 mmcblk0: mmc0:0007 SD04G 3.67 GiB mmcblk0: p1 IP-Config: Unable to set interface netmask (-22). Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.1.234 Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.1.234 VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem) on device 0:14. Freeing init memory: 136K INIT: version 2.86 booting Mounting /dev on tmpfs...done. Populating /dev...done. Initializing /var...done. Setting the system clock. System Clock set to: Thu Sep 13 11:26:23 UTC 2012. INIT: Entering runlevel: 2 UBI: attaching mtd8 to ubi0 Commenting out the extraction of the tar mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0007 mmcblk0: mmc0:0007 SD04G 3.67 GiB mmcblk0: p1 IP-Config: Unable to set interface netmask (-22). Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.1.234 Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.1.234 VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem) on device 0:14. Freeing init memory: 136K INIT: version 2.86 booting Mounting /dev on tmpfs...done. Populating /dev...done. Initializing /var...done. Setting the system clock. Cannot access the Hardware Clock via any known method. Use the --debug option to see the details of our search for an access method. Unable to set System Clock to: Thu Sep 13 12:24:00 UTC 2012 ... (warning). INIT: Entering runlevel: 2 libubi: error!: cannot open "/dev/ubi_ctrl" So far so good. But if I pack the whole story into a squashfs and boot from there, it is acting strange. It's telling me while booting that it is unable to open an initial console and its throwing errors on mounting the UBIFS devices, but finally provides a login anyway. Over that my echo's are not executed. If I then log in, /dev is mounted as TMPFS as desired and all the devices reside inside. When I redo the "mount" command to mount the UBIFS partitions it is executed whitout problem and useable. From squashfs VFS: Mounted root (squashfs filesystem) readonly on device 31:15. Freeing init memory: 136K Warning: unable to open an initial console. mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0007 mmcblk0: mmc0:0007 SD04G 3.67 GiB mmcblk0: p1 UBIFS error (pid 484): ubifs_get_sb: cannot open "ubi1_0", error -19 Additionally, a part of the rest of the bootscripts is still exexuted, but not all of them. Does anyone has a clue why? Other question, is 5MB enough/too much for /dev?

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• Connecting a LAN to an OpenVPN server via a windows 7 client gateway

  - by user705142

  I've got OpenVPN set up between my windows 7 client and linux server. The goal is that I'll get secure access to a webapp running on the server from any computer on the client LAN. I'm using ccd to assign static ip addresses to each client connection, with key authentication. It's working on my client machine (10.83.41.9), and when you go to the gateway IP address (10.83.41.1), it loads up the webapp. Now I really need the other computers on the client LAN to be able to connect to the webapp as well, via the windows machine. The client has a static IP address of 192.168.2.100 on the LAN, and I've enabled IP forwarding in windows (confirmed by ipconfig /all). In my router I've forwarded 10.83.41.1 / 255.255.255.255 to 192.168.2.100. In server.conf I have.. route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 And in the office ccd.. ifconfig-push 10.83.41.9 10.83.41.10 iroute 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 The client log is as follows: Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 OpenVPN 2.2.2 Win32-MSVC++ [SSL] [LZO2] [PKCS11] built on Dec 15 2011 Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Control Channel Authentication: using 'ta.key' as a OpenVPN static key file Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Outgoing Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Incoming Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 LZO compression initialized Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1558 D:166 EF:66 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Socket Buffers: R=[8192->8192] S=[64512->64512] Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1558 D:1450 EF:58 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '9e7066d2' Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '162b04de' Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 UDPv4 link remote: 111.65.224.202:1194 Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 TLS: Initial packet from 111.65.224.202:1194, sid=ceb04c22 8cc6d151 Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=NZ/O=XXX./CN=XXX Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=NZ/O=XXX./CN=XXX Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Replay-window backtrack occurred [1] Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'AES-256-CBC' initialized with 256 bit key Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'AES-256-CBC' initialized with 256 bit key Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 [server] Peer Connection Initiated with 111.65.224.202:1194 Thu Mar 15 20:19:58 2012 SENT CONTROL [server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,route 10.83.41.1,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.83.41.9 10.83.41.10' Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 ROUTE default_gateway=192.168.2.1 Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 TAP-WIN32 device [OpenVPN] opened: \\.\Global\{B32D85C9-1942-42E2-80BA-7E0B5BB5185F}.tap Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 TAP-Win32 Driver Version 9.9 Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 TAP-Win32 MTU=1500 Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 Notified TAP-Win32 driver to set a DHCP IP/netmask of 10.83.41.9/255.255.255.252 on interface {B32D85C9-1942-42E2-80BA-7E0B5BB5185F} [DHCP-serv: 10.83.41.10, lease-time: 31536000] Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 Successful ARP Flush on interface [45] {B32D85C9-1942-42E2-80BA-7E0B5BB5185F} Thu Mar 15 20:20:04 2012 TEST ROUTES: 1/1 succeeded len=1 ret=1 a=0 u/d=up Thu Mar 15 20:20:04 2012 C:\WINDOWS\system32\route.exe ADD 10.83.41.1 MASK 255.255.255.255 10.83.41.10 Thu Mar 15 20:20:04 2012 ROUTE: CreateIpForwardEntry succeeded with dwForwardMetric1=30 and dwForwardType=4 Thu Mar 15 20:20:04 2012 Route addition via IPAPI succeeded [adaptive] Thu Mar 15 20:20:04 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed From the other machines I can ping 192.169.2.100, but not 10.83.41.1. In the how-to, it mentions "Make sure your network interface is in promiscuous mode." as well. I can't find in the windows network config, so this may or may not be part of it. Ideally this would be achieved without any special configuration the other LAN computers. Not sure how far I'm going to get on my own at this point, any ideas? Is there something I'm missing, or anything I should need to know?

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• CISCO 2911 Router configuration

  - by bala

  Device cisco 2911 router configuration support is required please. I have exchange server 2010 configured and working without any errors the problem is in cisco router configuration when exchange server sends emails out the receives WAN IP not the public ip. I have configured RDNS lookups with our MX record IP addesses that match the FQDN but all our emails are rejected because it does not match with the public ip. Receiving mails problem is not an problem all mails are coming through. i am sure i am missing something on the router configuration that does not sends the public ip, can any one help me to solve this issue. Note; I've got 1 WAN IP & 8 Public IP from ISP . Find below the running configuration. Building configuration... Current configuration : 2734 bytes ! ! Last configuration change at 06:32:13 UTC Tue Apr 3 2012 ! NVRAM config last updated at 06:32:14 UTC Tue Apr 3 2012 ! NVRAM config last updated at 06:32:14 UTC Tue Apr 3 2012 version 15.1 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec service password-encryption ! hostname BSBG-LL ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! enable secret 5 $x$xHrxxxxx5ox0 enable password 7 xx23xx5FxxE1xx044 ! no aaa new-model ! no ipv6 cef ip source-route ip cef ! ! ! ! ! ip flow-cache timeout active 1 ip domain name yourdomain.com ip name-server 213.42.20.20 ip name-server 195.229.241.222 multilink bundle-name authenticated ! ! crypto pki token default removal timeout 0 ! ! license udi pid CISCO2911/K9 ! ! username bsbg ! ! ! ! ! ! interface Embedded-Service-Engine0/0 no ip address shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.0.9 255.255.255.0 ip flow ingress ip nat inside ip virtual-reassembly in duplex auto speed 100 no cdp enable ! interface GigabitEthernet0/1 ip address 213.42.xx.x2 255.255.255.252 ip nat outside ip virtual-reassembly in duplex auto speed auto no cdp enable ! interface GigabitEthernet0/2 no ip address shutdown duplex auto speed auto ! ip forward-protocol nd ! no ip http server no ip http secure-server ! ip nat inside source list 120 interface GigabitEthernet0/1 overload ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 25 94.56.89.100 25 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 53 94.56.89.100 53 extendable ip nat inside source static udp 192.168.0.4 53 94.56.89.100 53 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 110 94.56.89.100 110 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 443 94.56.89.100 443 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 587 94.56.89.100 587 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 995 94.56.89.100 995 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 3389 94.56.89.100 3389 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 443 94.56.89.101 443 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.12 80 94.56.89.102 80 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.12 443 94.56.89.102 443 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.12 3389 94.56.89.102 3389 extendable ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 213.42.69.41 ! access-list 120 permit ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 any ! ! ! control-plane ! ! ! line con 0 exec-timeout 5 0 line aux 0 line 2 no activation-character no exec transport preferred none transport input all transport output pad telnet rlogin lapb-ta mop udptn v120 ssh stopbits 1 line vty 0 4 password 7 xx64xxD530D26086Dxx login transport input all ! scheduler allocate 20000 1000 end

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• SSH not working over IPSec tunnel (Strongswan)

  - by PattPatel

  I configured a small network on a cloud virtual machine. This virtual machine has a static IP address assigned to eth0 interface that I'll call $EXTIP. mydomain.com points to $EXTIP. Inside, I have some linux containers, that get their ip through DHCP in the Subnet 10.0.0.0/24 (i called the virtual interface nat ). They run some services that can be reached through DNAT. Then I wanted to connect to these containers through an IPSec tunnel, so I configured StrongSwan. ipsec.conf: conn %default dpdaction=none rekey=no conn remote keyexchange=ikev2 ike=######## left=[$EXTIP] leftsubnet=10.0.1.0/24,10.0.0.0/24 leftauth=pubkey lefthostaccess=yes leftcert=########.pem leftfirewall=yes leftid="#########" right=%any rightsourceip=10.0.1.0/24 rightauth=######## rightid=%any rightsendcert=never eap_identity=%any auto=add type=tunnel Everything works fine, IPSec clients get IPs of the 10.0.1.0/24 subnet and can reach the containers subnet. My problem is that I'm not able to get SSH connections over the tunnel. It simply does not work, ssh client does not produce any output. Sniffing with tcpdump gives: tcpdump: 09:50:29.648206 ARP, Request who-has 10.0.0.1 tell mydomain.com, length 28 09:50:29.648246 ARP, Reply 10.0.0.1 is-at 00:ff:aa:00:00:01 (oui Unknown), length 28 09:50:29.648253 IP mydomain.com.54869 > 10.0.0.1.ssh: Flags [S], seq 4007849772, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 1151153 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0 09:50:29.648296 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [S.], seq 2809522632, ack 4007849773, win 14480, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 11482992 ecr 1151153,nop,wscale 6], length 0 09:50:29.677225 IP mydomain.com.54869 > 10.0.0.1.ssh: Flags [.], ack 2809522633, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 1151162 ecr 11482992], length 0 09:50:29.679370 IP mydomain.com.54869 > 10.0.0.1.ssh: Flags [P.], seq 0:23, ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 1151162 ecr 11482992], length 23 09:50:29.679403 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [.], ack 24, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 11483002 ecr 1151162], length 0 09:50:29.684337 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [P.], seq 1:32, ack 24, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 11483003 ecr 1151162], length 31 09:50:29.685471 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [.], seq 32:1480, ack 24, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 11483003 ecr 1151162], length 1448 09:50:29.685519 IP mydomain.com > 10.0.0.1: ICMP mydomain.com unreachable - need to frag (mtu 1422), length 556 09:50:29.685567 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [.], seq 32:1402, ack 24, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 11483003 ecr 1151162], length 1370 09:50:29.685572 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [.], seq 1402:1480, ack 24, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 11483003 ecr 1151162], length 78 09:50:29.714601 IP mydomain.com.54869 > 10.0.0.1.ssh: Flags [.], ack 32, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 1151173 ecr 11483003], length 0 09:50:29.714642 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [P.], seq 1480:1600, ack 24, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 11483012 ecr 1151173], length 120 09:50:29.723649 IP mydomain.com.54869 > 10.0.0.1.ssh: Flags [P.], seq 1393:1959, ack 32, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 1151174 ecr 11483003], length 566 09:50:29.723677 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [.], ack 24, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 11483015 ecr 1151173,nop,nop,sack 1 {1394:1960}], length 0 09:50:29.725688 IP mydomain.com.54869 > 10.0.0.1.ssh: Flags [.], ack 1480, win 251, options [nop,nop,TS val 1151177 ecr 11483003], length 0 09:50:29.952394 IP 10.0.0.1.ssh > 10.0.1.2.54869: Flags [P.], seq 1480:1600, ack 24, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 11483084 ecr 1151173,nop,nop,sack 1 {1394:1960}], length 120 09:50:29.981056 IP mydomain.com.54869 > 10.0.0.1.ssh: Flags [.], ack 1600, win 251, options [nop,nop,TS val 1151253 ecr 11483084,nop,nop,sack 1 {1480:1600}], length 0 If you need it this is my iptables configuration file: iptables: *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [144:9669] :FORWARD DROP [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [97:15649] :interfacce-trusted - [0:0] :porte-trusted - [0:0] -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -j interfacce-trusted -A FORWARD -j porte-trusted -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-unreachable -A FORWARD -d 10.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -d 10.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -m state --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -d 10.0.0.3/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1234 -m state --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A interfacce-trusted -i nat -j ACCEPT -A porte-trusted -d 10.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A porte-trusted -d 10.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A porte-trusted -d 10.0.0.3/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1234 -j ACCEPT COMMIT *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [10:600] :INPUT ACCEPT [10:600] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [4:268] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [18:1108] -A PREROUTING -d [$EXTIP] -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.1:80 -A PREROUTING -d [$EXTIP] -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.1:443 -A PREROUTING -d [$EXTIP] -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8069 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.3:1234 -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/24 -o eth0 -m policy --dir out --pol ipsec -j ACCEPT -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.1.0/24 -o nat -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT Probably I'm missing something stupid... Thanks in advance for helping :))

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• sshd running but no PID file

  - by dunxd

  I'm recently started using monit to monitor the status of sshd on my CentOS 5.4 server. This works fine, but every so often monit reports that sshd is no longer running. This isn't true - I am still able to login to the server via ssh, however I note the following: There is no longer any PID file at /var/run/sshd.pid - after a reboot this file exists. Once it is gone, restarting sshd via service sshd restart does not create the PID file. sudo service sshd status reports openssh-daemon is stopped - again, restarting sshd does not change this, but a reboot does. sudo service sshd stop reports failed, presumably because of the missing PID file. Any idea what is going on? Update sudo netstat -lptun gives the following output relating to port 22 tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 20735/sshd Killing the process with this PID as suggested by @Henry and then starting sshd via service results in service sshd status recognising the process by PID again. Would still like to understand this better. RPM verify suggested by a couple of answerers shows this: sudo rpm -vV openssh openssh-server openssh-clients | grep 'S\.5' S.5....T c /etc/pam.d/sshd S.5....T c /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/pam.d/sshd has the following contents: #%PAM-1.0 auth include system-auth account required pam_nologin.so account include system-auth password include system-auth session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke session include system-auth #session required pam_loginuid.so Should that last line be commented out? Update Here's the output of @YannickGirouard 's script: $ sudo ./sshd_test Searching for the process listening on port 22... Found the following PID: 21330 Command line for PID 21330: /usr/sbin/sshd Listing process(es) relating to PID 21330: UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 21330 1 0 14:04 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd Listing RPM information about openssh packages: Name : openssh Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 4.3p2 Vendor: CentOS Release : 72.el5_7.5 Build Date: Tue 30 Aug 2011 12:34:14 AM BST Install Date: Sun 06 Nov 2011 12:50:57 AM GMT Build Host: builder10.centos.org Group : Applications/Internet Source RPM: openssh-4.3p2-72.el5_7.5.src.rpm Size : 745390 License: BSD Signature : DSA/SHA1, Fri 02 Sep 2011 01:13:01 AM BST, Key ID a8a447dce8562897 URL : http://www.openssh.com/portable.html Summary : The OpenSSH implementation of SSH protocol versions 1 and 2 ------------------------------------------------------ Name : openssh-clients Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 4.3p2 Vendor: CentOS Release : 72.el5_7.5 Build Date: Tue 30 Aug 2011 12:34:14 AM BST Install Date: Sun 06 Nov 2011 12:51:04 AM GMT Build Host: builder10.centos.org Group : Applications/Internet Source RPM: openssh-4.3p2-72.el5_7.5.src.rpm Size : 871132 License: BSD Signature : DSA/SHA1, Fri 02 Sep 2011 01:13:01 AM BST, Key ID a8a447dce8562897 URL : http://www.openssh.com/portable.html Summary : The OpenSSH client applications ------------------------------------------------------ Name : openssh-server Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 4.3p2 Vendor: CentOS Release : 72.el5_7.5 Build Date: Tue 30 Aug 2011 12:34:14 AM BST Install Date: Sun 06 Nov 2011 12:51:04 AM GMT Build Host: builder10.centos.org Group : System Environment/Daemons Source RPM: openssh-4.3p2-72.el5_7.5.src.rpm Size : 492478 License: BSD Signature : DSA/SHA1, Fri 02 Sep 2011 01:13:01 AM BST, Key ID a8a447dce8562897 URL : http://www.openssh.com/portable.html Summary : The OpenSSH server daemon ------------------------------------------------------ However, I've since got things working by killing the process and starting afresh, as suggested by @Henry below, so perhaps I am no longer seeing the same thing. Will try again if I am seeing the issue again after next reboot. Update - 14 March Monit alerted me that sshd had disappeared, and again I am able to ssh onto the server. So now I can run the script $ sudo ./sshd_test Searching for the process listening on port 22... Found the following PID: 2208 Command line for PID 2208: /usr/sbin/sshd Listing process(es) relating to PID 2208: UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 2208 1 0 Mar13 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd root 1885 2208 0 21:50 ? 00:00:00 sshd: dunx [priv] Listing RPM information about openssh packages: Name : openssh Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 4.3p2 Vendor: CentOS Release : 72.el5_7.5 Build Date: Tue 30 Aug 2011 12:34:14 AM BST Install Date: Sun 06 Nov 2011 12:50:57 AM GMT Build Host: builder10.centos.org Group : Applications/Internet Source RPM: openssh-4.3p2-72.el5_7.5.src.rpm Size : 745390 License: BSD Signature : DSA/SHA1, Fri 02 Sep 2011 01:13:01 AM BST, Key ID a8a447dce8562897 URL : http://www.openssh.com/portable.html Summary : The OpenSSH implementation of SSH protocol versions 1 and 2 ------------------------------------------------------ Name : openssh-clients Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 4.3p2 Vendor: CentOS Release : 72.el5_7.5 Build Date: Tue 30 Aug 2011 12:34:14 AM BST Install Date: Sun 06 Nov 2011 12:51:04 AM GMT Build Host: builder10.centos.org Group : Applications/Internet Source RPM: openssh-4.3p2-72.el5_7.5.src.rpm Size : 871132 License: BSD Signature : DSA/SHA1, Fri 02 Sep 2011 01:13:01 AM BST, Key ID a8a447dce8562897 URL : http://www.openssh.com/portable.html Summary : The OpenSSH client applications ------------------------------------------------------ Name : openssh-server Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 4.3p2 Vendor: CentOS Release : 72.el5_7.5 Build Date: Tue 30 Aug 2011 12:34:14 AM BST Install Date: Sun 06 Nov 2011 12:51:04 AM GMT Build Host: builder10.centos.org Group : System Environment/Daemons Source RPM: openssh-4.3p2-72.el5_7.5.src.rpm Size : 492478 License: BSD Signature : DSA/SHA1, Fri 02 Sep 2011 01:13:01 AM BST, Key ID a8a447dce8562897 URL : http://www.openssh.com/portable.html Summary : The OpenSSH server daemon ------------------------------------------------------ Again, when I look for /var/run/sshd.pid I don't find it. $ cat /var/run/sshd.pid cat: /var/run/sshd.pid: No such file or directory $ sudo netstat -anp | grep sshd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2208/sshd $ sudo kill 2208 $ sudo service sshd start Starting sshd: [ OK ] $ cat /var/run/sshd.pid 3794 $ sudo service sshd status openssh-daemon (pid 3794) is running... Is it possible that sshd is restarting and not creating a pidfile for some reason?

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• Software: Launching League of Legends spectator mode from Command Line (Mac)

  - by Alex Popov

  Background: tl;dr at the end League of Legends has a spectator mode, in which you can watch someone else's game (essentially a replay) with a 3 minute delay. Popular LoL website OP.GG has figured out a clever way of hosting these spectator games on their own servers, thereby making them replayable, as opposed to only being available while the game is on (as Riot does it). If you request a replay from OP.GG, it sends a batch file which looks for where the League is situated and then the magic happens: @start "" "League of Legends.exe" "8394" "LoLLauncher.exe" "" "spectator fspectate.op.gg:4081 tjJbtRLQ/HMV7HuAxWV0XsXoRB4OmFBr 1391881421 NA1" This works fine on Windows. I'm trying to get it to work on Mac (which has an official client). First I tried running the same command by hand, (split for convenience) /Applications/ ... /LeagueOfLegends.app/ ... /LeagueofLegends 8393 LoLLauncher \ /Applications/ ... /LolClient spectator fspectate.op.gg:4081 tjJbtRLQ/HMV7HuAxWV0XsXoRB4OmFBr 1391881421 NA1 Running this, however, just starts the LoLLauncher, which closes all the active League processes. The exactly same thing happens if I just call /Applications/ ... /LeagueOfLegends.app/ ... /LeagueofLegends Next I tried seeing what actually happens when Spectator mode is initiated so I ran $ ps -axf | grep -i lol which showed UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD 503 3085 1 0 Wed02pm ?? 0:00.00 (LolClient) 503 24607 1 0 9:19am ?? 0:00.98 /Applications/League of Legends.app/Contents/LOL/RADS/system/UserKernel.app/Contents/MacOS/UserKernel updateandrun lol_launcher LoLLauncher.app 503 24610 24607 0 9:19am ?? 1:08.76 /Applications/League of Legends.app/Contents/LoL/RADS/projects/lol_launcher/releases/0.0.0.122/deploy/LoLLauncher.app/Contents/MacOS/LoLLauncher 503 24611 24610 0 9:19am ?? 1:23.02 /Applications/League of Legends.app/Contents/LoL/RADS/projects/lol_air_client/releases/0.0.0.127/deploy/bin/LolClient -runtime .\ -nodebug META-INF\AIR\application.xml .\ -- 8393 503 24927 24610 0 9:44am ?? 0:03.37 /Applications/League of Legends.app/Contents/LoL/RADS/solutions/lol_game_client_sln/releases/0.0.0.117/deploy/LeagueOfLegends.app/Contents/MacOS/LeagueofLegends 8394 LoLLauncher /Applications/League of Legends.app/Contents/LoL/RADS/projects/lol_air_client/releases/0.0.0.127/deploy/bin/LolClient spectator 216.133.234.17:8088 Yn1oMX/n3LpXNebibzUa1i3Z+s2HV0ul 1400781241 NA1 Of Interest: there is (LolClient) which I cannot kill by it's PID. UserKernel updateandrun lol_launcher LoLLauncher.app is launched first. LoLLauncher is launched by the UserKernel (as we can see from the PPID) The very long command (PID: 24927) is how Spectator mode is launched, and is also launched by UserKernel. Spectator mode is launched in exactly the same way that the OP.GG .bat wanted to, with the only difference that Spectator mode connects to Riot instead of OP.GG's spectate server. I tried attaching GDB to the LolClient, but I couldn't get anything meaningful from it since it's an Adobe AIR application (and I've never used GDB with code other than mine own). Next I ran dtruss -a -b 100m -f -p $PID on everything I could think of: the LolClient, the LolLauncher and the UserKernel and skimmed the half a million lines produced. I found stuff like the GET request used to get the information of the game to spectate, but I could not see any launch of the equivalent of League of Legends.exe with spectator options. Finally, I ran lsof | grep -i lol to see if anything else was opened in the process, but didn't find anything that seemed appropriate. Open were UserKernel, LolLauncher, LolClient, Adobe AIR, LeagueofLegends and then Bugsplat, all of which are expected. None of this seemed especially relevant to figuring out how LeagueofLegends was opened into spectator mode. It obviously can be done, since Spectator mode is accessible from within the client. It seems likely that it can be done from the CLI, since Windows can do it and the clients are supposed to equals. Unless I'm missing something in the difference between how UNIX and Windows handle CLI application launches. My question is if there are any other things I can try to figure out how to launch Spectator mode myself. tl;dr: Trying to get into spectator mode from the CLI. It's possible on Windows (see first code block) but it just restarts League on Mac. What else can I try to find what call is made, and how to reproduce it? PS: Please let me know how I can improve this question or its formatting, I'd love to use StackOverflow/SuperUser, but as the guys said on the podcast this week (Ep. 59) it's very intimidating. Sorry for posting this on StackOverflow the first time :(

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• Linux Kernel crash mutex_lock_slowpath "blocked for more than 120 seconds". What to do?

  - by Roddick

  I have out-of-the box Debian Lenny with non-custom kernel 2.6.26-2-amd64. Brand new server that is used to 5% of it's potential, CPU and Disk-wise. Meaning it probably not crashing because of overload. every few days it freezes with hundreds of these messages in console log: : [284847.828428] INFO: task apache2:12473 blocked for more than 120 seconds. : [284847.868468] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. : [284847.912759] apache2 D ffff8101bc6b7ab0 0 12473 14358 : [284847.912763] ffff810160d5bc50 0000000000000082 ffff8101c0002e40 0000000000000000 : [284847.912766] ffff8101a7c42950 ffff810327d92810 ffff8101a7c42bd8 0000000400000044 : [284847.912770] ffff8101c0002e40 00000000000612d0 0000000000000000 00000040000612d0 : [284847.912773] Call Trace: : [284847.912786] [<ffffffff80429b0d>] __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x64/0x9b : [284847.912790] [<ffffffff80429972>] mutex_lock+0xa/0xb : [284847.912794] [<ffffffff802a20b9>] do_lookup+0x82/0x1c1 : [284847.912800] [<ffffffff802a4271>] __link_path_walk+0x87a/0xd19 : [284847.912805] [<ffffffff80295844>] kmem_getpages+0x96/0x15f : [284847.912808] [<ffffffff80295fb7>] ____cache_alloc_node+0x6d/0x106 : [284847.912814] [<ffffffff802a4756>] path_walk+0x46/0x8b : [284847.912819] [<ffffffff802a4a82>] do_path_lookup+0x158/0x1cf : [284847.912822] [<ffffffff802a3879>] getname+0x140/0x1a7 : [284847.912827] [<ffffffff802a53f1>] __user_walk_fd+0x37/0x4c : [284847.912831] [<ffffffff8029e381>] vfs_lstat_fd+0x18/0x47 : [284847.912840] [<ffffffff8029e3c9>] sys_newlstat+0x19/0x31 : [284847.912848] [<ffffffff8020beda>] system_call_after_swapgs+0x8a/0x8f Almost all traces has __mutex_lock_slowpath as top-level. Only some has different trace: : [284847.737386] INFO: task apache2:12472 blocked for more than 120 seconds. : [284847.777551] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. : [284847.824881] apache2 D ffff8101bc6b7ab0 0 12472 14358 : [284847.824886] ffff8101b9cc1c50 0000000000000086 ffffffffa0131e0a 0000000000000002 : [284847.824889] ffff8102e7454300 ffff810324c6cad0 ffff8102e7454588 0000000000000000 : [284847.824893] 0000000000000001 0000000000000296 0000000000000003 ffff8101b9cc1c58 : [284847.824896] Call Trace: : [284847.828403] [<ffffffffa0131e0a>] :ext3:__ext3_journal_dirty_metadata+0x1e/0x46 : [284847.828412] [<ffffffff80429b0d>] __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x64/0x9b : [284847.828418] [<ffffffff80429972>] mutex_lock+0xa/0xb : [284847.828421] [<ffffffff802a20b9>] do_lookup+0x82/0x1c1 : [284847.828427] [<ffffffff802a4271>] __link_path_walk+0x87a/0xd19 : [284847.828428] [<ffffffff80271296>] find_lock_page+0x1f/0x8a : [284847.828428] [<ffffffff80273182>] filemap_fault+0x1c2/0x33c : [284847.828428] [<ffffffff802a4756>] path_walk+0x46/0x8b : [284847.828428] [<ffffffff802a4a82>] do_path_lookup+0x158/0x1cf : [284847.828428] [<ffffffff802a3879>] getname+0x140/0x1a7 : [284847.828428] [<ffffffff802a53f1>] __user_walk_fd+0x37/0x4c : [284847.828428] [<ffffffff8029e381>] vfs_lstat_fd+0x18/0x47 : [284847.828428] [<ffffffff8029e3c9>] sys_newlstat+0x19/0x31 : [284847.828428] [<ffffffff8020beda>] system_call_after_swapgs+0x8a/0x8f kernel: [1912668.466347] INFO: task apache2:17984 blocked for more than 120 seconds. [1912668.507035] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. : [1912668.555165] apache2 D ffff8101c5637ba0 0 17984 17282 : [1912668.596752] ffff810166a7dd30 0000000000000086 0000000000000000 ffff810166a7dcd8 : [1912668.643341] ffff8101c563c880 ffff81024505f000 0000000000000002 ffff810166a7dd68 : [1912668.699566] 0000000000000086 00000000000cb1a0 0000000000000000 ffff81017f344d60 : [1912668.744773] Call Trace: : [1912668.761754] [<ffffffff8022a3ed>] pick_next_task_fair+0x6e/0x7a : [1912668.829311] [<ffffffff802be0e2>] bio_alloc_bioset+0x89/0xd9 : [1912668.861930] [<ffffffff8024ac3a>] getnstimeofday+0x39/0x98 : [1912668.897005] [<ffffffff802710f6>] sync_page+0x0/0x41 : [1912668.927868] [<ffffffff80429487>] io_schedule+0x5c/0x9e : [1912668.960286] [<ffffffff80271132>] sync_page+0x3c/0x41 : [1912668.991756] [<ffffffff804295fa>] __wait_on_bit_lock+0x36/0x66 : [1912669.031757] [<ffffffff802710e3>] __lock_page+0x5e/0x64 : [1912669.064191] [<ffffffff802461d3>] wake_bit_function+0x0/0x23 : [1912669.100100] [<ffffffff80281bc5>] handle_mm_fault+0x5e4/0x8de : [1912669.134531] [<ffffffff802461a5>] autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x2e : [1912669.174623] [<ffffffff802aa108>] fcntl_setlk+0x1cf/0x291 : [1912669.210623] [<ffffffff802461a5>] autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x2e : [1912669.246923] [<ffffffff802a677f>] sys_fcntl+0x280/0x2f7 After googling for "mutex_lock_slowpath" I can only find the Kernel mailing list discussions that this issue was introduced in some commit. Wthout reference to verison. Discussions as recent as Jan 25, 2011. The Kernel I am using is form Debian Lenny, year ago. What should I do? Is this bug even fixed in kernel? if it's such obvious bug why it happens so rarely? Should I download latest kernel from kernel.org and upgrade? Should I use Debian backports to install new "Approved" kernel? Am I missing something? What to do?

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• In Exim, is RBL spam rejected prior to being scanned by SpamAssassin?

  - by user955664

  I've recently been battling spam issues on our mail server. One account in particular was getting hammered with incoming spam. SpamAssassin's memory use is one of our concerns. What I've done is enable RBLs in Exim. I now see many rejection notices in the Exim log based on the various RBLs, which is good. However, when I run Eximstats, the numbers seem to be the same as they were prior to the enabling of the RBLs. I am assuming because the email is still logged in some way prior to the rejection. Is that what's happening, or am I missing something else? Does anyone know if these emails are rejected prior to being processed by SpamAssassin? Or does anyone know how I'd be able to find out? Is there a standard way to generate SpamAssassin stats, similar to Eximstats, so that I could compare the numbers? Thank you for your time and any advice. Edit: Here is the ACL section of my Exim configuration file ###################################################################### # ACLs # ###################################################################### begin acl # ACL that is used after the RCPT command check_recipient: # to block certain wellknown exploits, Deny for local domains if # local parts begin with a dot or contain @ % ! / | deny domains = +local_domains local_parts = ^[.] : ^.*[@%!/|] # to restrict port 587 to authenticated users only # see also daemon_smtp_ports above accept hosts = +auth_relay_hosts condition = ${if eq {$interface_port}{587} {yes}{no}} endpass message = relay not permitted, authentication required authenticated = * # allow local users to send outgoing messages using slashes # and vertical bars in their local parts. # Block outgoing local parts that begin with a dot, slash, or vertical # bar but allows them within the local part. # The sequence \..\ is barred. The usage of @ % and ! is barred as # before. The motivation is to prevent your users (or their virii) # from mounting certain kinds of attacks on remote sites. deny domains = !+local_domains local_parts = ^[./|] : ^.*[@%!] : ^.*/\\.\\./ # local source whitelist # accept if the source is local SMTP (i.e. not over TCP/IP). # Test for this by testing for an empty sending host field. accept hosts = : # sender domains whitelist # accept if sender domain is in whitelist accept sender_domains = +whitelist_domains # sender hosts whitelist # accept if sender host is in whitelist accept hosts = +whitelist_hosts accept hosts = +whitelist_hosts_ip # envelope senders whitelist # accept if envelope sender is in whitelist accept senders = +whitelist_senders # accept mail to postmaster in any local domain, regardless of source accept local_parts = postmaster domains = +local_domains # accept mail to abuse in any local domain, regardless of source accept local_parts = abuse domains = +local_domains # accept mail to hostmaster in any local domain, regardless of source accept local_parts = hostmaster domains =+local_domains # OPTIONAL MODIFICATIONS: # If the page you're using to notify senders of blocked email of how # to get their address unblocked will use a web form to send you email so # you'll know to unblock those senders, then you may leave these lines # commented out. However, if you'll be telling your senders of blocked # email to send an email to [email protected], then you should # replace "errors" with the left side of the email address you'll be # using, and "example.com" with the right side of the email address and # then uncomment the second two lines, leaving the first one commented. # Doing this will mean anyone can send email to this specific address, # even if they're at a blocked domain, and even if your domain is using # blocklists. # accept mail to [email protected], regardless of source # accept local_parts = errors # domains = example.com # deny so-called "legal" spammers" deny message = Email blocked by LBL - to unblock see http://www.example.com/ # only for domains that do want to be tested against RBLs domains = +use_rbl_domains sender_domains = +blacklist_domains # deny using hostname in bad_sender_hosts blacklist deny message = Email blocked by BSHL - to unblock see http://www.example.com/ # only for domains that do want to be tested against RBLs domains = +use_rbl_domains hosts = +bad_sender_hosts # deny using IP in bad_sender_hosts blacklist deny message = Email blocked by BSHL - to unblock see http://www.example.com/ # only for domains that do want to be tested against RBLs domains = +use_rbl_domains hosts = +bad_sender_hosts_ip # deny using email address in blacklist_senders deny message = Email blocked by BSAL - to unblock see http://www.example.com/ domains = +use_rbl_domains senders = +blacklist_senders # By default we do NOT require sender verification. # Sender verification denies unless sender address can be verified: # If you want to require sender verification, i.e., that the sending # address is routable and mail can be delivered to it, then # uncomment the next line. If you do not want to require sender # verification, leave the line commented out #require verify = sender # deny using .spamhaus deny message = Email blocked by SPAMHAUS - to unblock see http://www.example.com/ # only for domains that do want to be tested against RBLs domains = +use_rbl_domains dnslists = sbl.spamhaus.org # deny using ordb # deny message = Email blocked by ORDB - to unblock see http://www.example.com/ # # only for domains that do want to be tested against RBLs # domains = +use_rbl_domains # dnslists = relays.ordb.org # deny using sorbs smtp list deny message = Email blocked by SORBS - to unblock see http://www.example.com/ # only for domains that do want to be tested against RBLs domains = +use_rbl_domains dnslists = dnsbl.sorbs.net=127.0.0.5 # Next deny stuff from more "fuzzy" blacklists # but do bypass all checking for whitelisted host names # and for authenticated users # deny using spamcop deny message = Email blocked by SPAMCOP - to unblock see http://www.example.com/ hosts = !+relay_hosts domains = +use_rbl_domains !authenticated = * dnslists = bl.spamcop.net # deny using njabl deny message = Email blocked by NJABL - to unblock see http://www.example.com/ hosts = !+relay_hosts domains = +use_rbl_domains !authenticated = * dnslists = dnsbl.njabl.org # deny using cbl deny message = Email blocked by CBL - to unblock see http://www.example.com/ hosts = !+relay_hosts domains = +use_rbl_domains !authenticated = * dnslists = cbl.abuseat.org # deny using all other sorbs ip-based blocklist besides smtp list deny message = Email blocked by SORBS - to unblock see http://www.example.com/ hosts = !+relay_hosts domains = +use_rbl_domains !authenticated = * dnslists = dnsbl.sorbs.net!=127.0.0.6 # deny using sorbs name based list deny message = Email blocked by SORBS - to unblock see http://www.example.com/ domains =+use_rbl_domains # rhsbl list is name based dnslists = rhsbl.sorbs.net/$sender_address_domain # accept if address is in a local domain as long as recipient can be verified accept domains = +local_domains endpass message = "Unknown User" verify = recipient # accept if address is in a domain for which we relay as long as recipient # can be verified accept domains = +relay_domains endpass verify=recipient # accept if message comes for a host for which we are an outgoing relay # recipient verification is omitted because many MUA clients don't cope # well with SMTP error responses. If you are actually relaying from MTAs # then you should probably add recipient verify here accept hosts = +relay_hosts accept hosts = +auth_relay_hosts endpass message = authentication required authenticated = * deny message = relay not permitted # default at end of acl causes a "deny", but line below will give # an explicit error message: deny message = relay not permitted # ACL that is used after the DATA command check_message: accept

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• western digital caviar black. EXT4-fs error

  - by azat

  Recently I update my HDD on desktop machine, and bought WD Caviar Black. But after I format & copy information to it (using dd), and fix partitions size: I have next errors in kern.log: Aug 27 16:04:35 home-spb kernel: [148265.326264] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 9054, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:07:11 home-spb kernel: [148421.493483] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 9045, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:17 home-spb kernel: [148546.481693] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 10299, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:17 home-spb kernel: [148546.487147] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.258711] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4345, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.277591] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.278202] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4344, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.284760] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.291983] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 9051, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.297495] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.297916] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 9050, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.297940] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.303213] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4425, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.312127] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.312487] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4424, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.317858] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.322231] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4336, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.326250] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.326599] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 4335, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.332397] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.341957] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 5764, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.350709] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.351127] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 5763, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:42 home-spb kernel: [148572.355916] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.401055] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 10063, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.404357] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.414699] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 10073, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.420411] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.493933] EXT4-fs error (device sdc2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:739: group 9059, 32254 clusters in bitmap, 32258 in gd Aug 27 16:09:43 home-spb kernel: [148572.493956] JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sdc2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. One time, machine rebooted (not manually), when I turn it on, it runs fsck on /dev/sdc2 and fix some errors and some files are missing on /dev/sdc2 I'v check /dev/sdc2 for badblocks, it doesn't have it ( using e2fsck -c /dev/sdc2 ) Here is the output of fsck http://pastebin.com/D5LmLVBY What else I can do to understand what's wrong here? BTW for /dev/sdc1 no message like that, in kern.log Linux version: 3.3.0 Distributive: Debian wheezy

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• Ubuntu 10.04 recognizing USB 2.0 external HD as USB 1.1

  - by btucker

  When I connect the USB 2.0 drive I see this: usb 1-4.3: new full speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 5 so I know it's getting seen as USB 1.1. usb-devices shows that it really is USB 2.0 and connected to a USB 2.0 hub: T: Bus=01 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=03 Cnt=01 Dev#= 2 Spd=12 MxCh= 4 D: Ver= 2.00 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1 P: Vendor=05e3 ProdID=0608 Rev=77.61 S: Product=USB2.0 Hub C: #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=e0 MxPwr=100mA I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=hub T: Bus=01 Lev=02 Prnt=02 Port=01 Cnt=01 Dev#= 4 Spd=12 MxCh= 0 D: Ver= 2.00 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1 P: Vendor=13fd ProdID=1340 Rev=02.10 S: Manufacturer=Generic S: Product=External C: #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=c0 MxPwr=2mA I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=08(stor.) Sub=06 Prot=50 Driver=usb-storage It seems the problem is that root hub is: T: Bus=01 Lev=00 Prnt=00 Port=00 Cnt=00 Dev#= 1 Spd=12 MxCh=10 D: Ver= 1.10 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1 P: Vendor=1d6b ProdID=0001 Rev=02.06 S: Manufacturer=Linux 2.6.32-25-server ohci_hcd S: Product=OHCI Host Controller S: SerialNumber=0000:00:02.0 C: #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=e0 MxPwr=0mA I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=hub And there's no mention of ehci_hcd. lsusb -t gives me: /: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ohci_hcd/10p, 12M |__ Port 4: Dev 2, If 0, Class=hub, Driver=hub/4p, 12M |__ Port 2: Dev 4, If 0, Class=stor., Driver=usb-storage, 12M |__ Port 3: Dev 5, If 0, Class=stor., Driver=usb-storage, 12M |__ Port 6: Dev 3, If 0, Class=stor., Driver=usb-storage, 12M It seems like I'm missing something which would allow the OS to see USB 2.0 devices. Can anyone point me in the right direction? EDIT Full lsusb -v output: Bus 001 Device 005: ID 13fd:1340 Initio Corporation Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 64 idVendor 0x13fd Initio Corporation idProduct 0x1340 bcdDevice 2.10 iManufacturer 1 Generic iProduct 2 External iSerial 3 57442D574341595930323337 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 32 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0xc0 Self Powered MaxPower 2mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 2 bInterfaceClass 8 Mass Storage bInterfaceSubClass 6 SCSI bInterfaceProtocol 80 Bulk (Zip) iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0040 1x 64 bytes bInterval 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0040 1x 64 bytes bInterval 0 Device Qualifier (for other device speed): bLength 10 bDescriptorType 6 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 64 bNumConfigurations 1 Device Status: 0x0001 Self Powered Bus 001 Device 002: ID 05e3:0608 Genesys Logic, Inc. USB-2.0 4-Port HUB Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 9 Hub bDeviceSubClass 0 Unused bDeviceProtocol 0 Full speed (or root) hub bMaxPacketSize0 64 idVendor 0x05e3 Genesys Logic, Inc. idProduct 0x0608 USB-2.0 4-Port HUB bcdDevice 77.61 iManufacturer 0 iProduct 1 USB2.0 Hub iSerial 0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 25 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0xe0 Self Powered Remote Wakeup MaxPower 100mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 9 Hub bInterfaceSubClass 0 Unused bInterfaceProtocol 0 Full speed (or root) hub iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0001 1x 1 bytes bInterval 255 Hub Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 41 nNbrPorts 4 wHubCharacteristic 0x00e0 Ganged power switching Ganged overcurrent protection Port indicators bPwrOn2PwrGood 50 * 2 milli seconds bHubContrCurrent 100 milli Ampere DeviceRemovable 0x00 PortPwrCtrlMask 0xff Hub Port Status: Port 1: 0000.0100 power Port 2: 0000.0103 power enable connect Port 3: 0000.0103 power enable connect Port 4: 0000.0100 power Device Qualifier (for other device speed): bLength 10 bDescriptorType 6 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 9 Hub bDeviceSubClass 0 Unused bDeviceProtocol 1 Single TT bMaxPacketSize0 64 bNumConfigurations 1 Device Status: 0x0001 Self Powered Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 1.10 bDeviceClass 9 Hub bDeviceSubClass 0 Unused bDeviceProtocol 0 Full speed (or root) hub bMaxPacketSize0 64 idVendor 0x1d6b Linux Foundation idProduct 0x0001 1.1 root hub bcdDevice 2.06 iManufacturer 3 Linux 2.6.32-25-server ohci_hcd iProduct 2 OHCI Host Controller iSerial 1 0000:00:02.0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 25 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0xe0 Self Powered Remote Wakeup MaxPower 0mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 9 Hub bInterfaceSubClass 0 Unused bInterfaceProtocol 0 Full speed (or root) hub iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0002 1x 2 bytes bInterval 255 Hub Descriptor: bLength 11 bDescriptorType 41 nNbrPorts 10 wHubCharacteristic 0x0002 No power switching (usb 1.0) Ganged overcurrent protection bPwrOn2PwrGood 1 * 2 milli seconds bHubContrCurrent 0 milli Ampere DeviceRemovable 0x00 0x00 PortPwrCtrlMask 0xff 0xff Hub Port Status: Port 1: 0000.0100 power Port 2: 0000.0100 power Port 3: 0000.0100 power Port 4: 0000.0103 power enable connect Port 5: 0000.0100 power Port 6: 0000.0103 power enable connect Port 7: 0000.0100 power Port 8: 0000.0100 power Port 9: 0000.0100 power Port 10: 0000.0100 power Device Status: 0x0003 Self Powered Remote Wakeup Enabled

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• Build and migrated to software raid (mdadm) on GPT disk, now can't assemble array

  - by John H

  mdadm, gpt issues, unrecognized partitions. Simplified question: How do I get mdadm to recognize GPT partitions? I have been attempting to convert/copy my Ubuntu 11.10 OS from a single drive to software raid 1. I have done similar in the past, but in this case, I was adding in a drive that has been configured for GPT and I tried to work with that without fully looking into the implications. Currently, I have a non-booting mdadm RAID 1 array of /dev/md127 (the OS assigned that and it keeps picking up). I am booting off of live USB keys, currently System Rescue CD from sysresccd. While gdisk and parted can see all the partitions, most of the OS utilities do not, including mdadm. My main goal is just to make the raid array accessible so I can get pull the data and start fresh (without using GPT). /dev/md127 /dev/sda /dev/sda1 <- GPT type partition /dev/sda1 <- exists within the GPT part, member of md127 /dev/sda2 <- exists within the GPT part, empty /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 <- GPT type partition /dev/sdb1 <- exists within the GPT part, member of md127 History: POINT A: The original OS was install on sda (actually /dev/sda6). I used a the Ubuntu live usb to add sdb. I got warning from fdisk about GPT so I used gdisk to create a raid partition (sdb1) and mdadm to create a raid1 mirror with a missing drive. I had many issues getting this working (including being unable to get grub to install) but I eventually got it to boot using grub on sda and /dev/md127 off of sdb. So at point A, I had copied my OS from sda6 to md127 on sdb. I then booted into a rescue mode and attempted to get a bootloader onto sdb, which failed. I then discovered my mistake: I had installed the raid onto sdb instead of sdb1, essentially overwriting the sdb1 partition. POINT B: I now had two copies of my data- one on md127/sdb, and one on sda. I destroyed data on sda and created a new GPT table on sda. I then created sda1 for the raid array, and sda2 for a scratch partition. I added sda1 into the raid array and let it rebuild. md127 now covered /dev/sdb and /dev/sda1 as fully active and synced. POINT C: I rebooted onto linux rescue again and was still able to access the raid array. I then removed /dev/sdb from the array and created /dev/sdb1 for the raid. I added sdb1 to the array and let it sync. I was able to mount and access /dev/md127 without issues. Once it completed, both /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1 were GPT partitions and actively syncing. POINT D (current): I rebooted again to test if the array would boot and grub failed to load. I booted off of my live thumb drive and found that I can no longer assemble the raid array. mdadm doesn't see the required partitions. -- root@freshdesk /root % uname -a Linux freshdesk 3.0.24-std251-amd64 #2 SMP Sat Mar 17 12:08:55 UTC 2012 x86_64 AMD Athlon(tm) II X4 645 Processor AuthenticAMD GNU/Linux === /proc/partitions and parted look good: root@freshdesk /root % cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 7 0 301788 loop0 8 0 976762584 sda 8 1 732579840 sda1 8 2 244181703 sda2 8 16 732574584 sdb 8 17 732573543 sdb1 8 32 7876607 sdc 8 33 7873349 sdc1 (parted) print all Model: ATA ST31000528AS (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 750GB 750GB ext4 2 750GB 1000GB 250GB Linux/Windows data Model: ATA SAMSUNG HD753LJ (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 750GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 750GB 750GB ext4 Linux RAID raid Model: SanDisk SanDisk Cruzer (scsi) Disk /dev/sdc: 8066MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 31.7kB 8062MB 8062MB primary fat32 boot, lba === # no sda2, and I double the sdb1 is the one shown in parted root@freshdesk /root % blkid /dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/sda1: UUID="75dd6c2d-f0a8-4302-9da4-792cc7d72355" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdc1: LABEL="PENDRIVE" UUID="1102-3720" TYPE="vfat" /dev/sdb1: UUID="2dd89f15-65bb-ff88-e368-bf24bd0fce41" TYPE="linux_raid_member" root@freshdesk /root % mdadm -E /dev/sda1 mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sda1. # this is probably a result of me attempting to force the array up, putting superblocks on the GPT partition root@freshdesk /root % mdadm -E /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 2dd89f15:65bbff88:e368bf24:bd0fce41 Creation Time : Fri Mar 30 19:25:30 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 732568320 (698.63 GiB 750.15 GB) Array Size : 732568320 (698.63 GiB 750.15 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 127 Update Time : Sat Mar 31 12:39:38 2012 State : clean Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 1 Checksum : a7d038b3 - correct Events : 20195 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 2 8 17 2 spare /dev/sdb1 0 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 1 0 0 1 faulty removed 2 2 8 17 2 spare /dev/sdb1 === root@freshdesk /root % mdadm -A /dev/md127 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 mdadm: no recogniseable superblock on /dev/sda1 mdadm: /dev/sda1 has no superblock - assembly aborted root@freshdesk /root % mdadm -A /dev/md127 /dev/sdb1 mdadm: cannot open device /dev/sdb1: Device or resource busy mdadm: /dev/sdb1 has no superblock - assembly aborted

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• How can a single disk in a hardware SATA RAID-10 array bring the entire array to a screeching halt?

  - by Stu Thompson

  Prelude: I'm a code-monkey that's increasingly taken on SysAdmin duties for my small company. My code is our product, and increasingly we provide the same app as SaaS. About 18 months ago I moved our servers from a premium hosting centric vendor to a barebones rack pusher in a tier IV data center. (Literally across the street.) This ment doing much more ourselves--things like networking, storage and monitoring. As part the big move, to replace our leased direct attached storage from the hosting company, I built a 9TB two-node NAS based on SuperMicro chassises, 3ware RAID cards, Ubuntu 10.04, two dozen SATA disks, DRBD and . It's all lovingly documented in three blog posts: Building up & testing a new 9TB SATA RAID10 NFSv4 NAS: Part I, Part II and Part III. We also setup a Cacit monitoring system. Recently we've been adding more and more data points, like SMART values. I could not have done all this without the awesome boffins at ServerFault. It's been a fun and educational experience. My boss is happy (we saved bucket loads of $$$), our customers are happy (storage costs are down), I'm happy (fun, fun, fun). Until yesterday. Outage & Recovery: Some time after lunch we started getting reports of sluggish performance from our application, an on-demand streaming media CMS. About the same time our Cacti monitoring system sent a blizzard of emails. One of the more telling alerts was a graph of iostat await. Performance became so degraded that Pingdom began sending "server down" notifications. The overall load was moderate, there was not traffic spike. After logging onto the application servers, NFS clients of the NAS, I confirmed that just about everything was experiencing highly intermittent and insanely long IO wait times. And once I hopped onto the primary NAS node itself, the same delays were evident when trying to navigate the problem array's file system. Time to fail over, that went well. Within 20 minuts everything was confirmed to be back up and running perfectly. Post-Mortem: After any and all system failures I perform a post-mortem to determine the cause of the failure. First thing I did was ssh back into the box and start reviewing logs. It was offline, completely. Time for a trip to the data center. Hardware reset, backup an and running. In /var/syslog I found this scary looking entry: Nov 15 06:49:44 umbilo smartd[2827]: Device: /dev/twa0 [3ware_disk_00], 6 Currently unreadable (pending) sectors Nov 15 06:49:44 umbilo smartd[2827]: Device: /dev/twa0 [3ware_disk_07], SMART Prefailure Attribute: 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate changed from 171 to 170 Nov 15 06:49:45 umbilo smartd[2827]: Device: /dev/twa0 [3ware_disk_10], 16 Currently unreadable (pending) sectors Nov 15 06:49:45 umbilo smartd[2827]: Device: /dev/twa0 [3ware_disk_10], 4 Offline uncorrectable sectors Nov 15 06:49:45 umbilo smartd[2827]: Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error Nov 15 06:49:45 umbilo smartd[2827]: # 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 6576 3421766910 Nov 15 06:49:45 umbilo smartd[2827]: # 2 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 6087 3421766910 Nov 15 06:49:45 umbilo smartd[2827]: # 3 Short offline Completed: read failure 10% 5901 656821791 Nov 15 06:49:45 umbilo smartd[2827]: # 4 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 5818 651637856 Nov 15 06:49:45 umbilo smartd[2827]: So I went to check the Cacti graphs for the disks in the array. Here we see that, yes, disk 7 is slipping away just like syslog says it is. But we also see that disk 8's SMART Read Erros are fluctuating. There are no messages about disk 8 in syslog. More interesting is that the fluctuating values for disk 8 directly correlate to the high IO wait times! My interpretation is that: Disk 8 is experiencing an odd hardware fault that results in intermittent long operation times. Somehow this fault condition on the disk is locking up the entire array Maybe there is a more accurate or correct description, but the net result has been that the one disk is impacting the performance of the whole array. The Question(s) How can a single disk in a hardware SATA RAID-10 array bring the entire array to a screeching halt? Am I being naïve to think that the RAID card should have dealt with this? How can I prevent a single misbehaving disk from impacting the entire array? Am I missing something?

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• Windows XP - Repairing Corrupt System32\Config\System File

  - by SimonTewsi

  My apologies for this long post. I would like to describe the mess I'm in then ask some questions about how to fix it: Starting up my Windows XP SP1 machine I got the following message: Windows could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt: \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SYSTEM Tried restarting several times with same results then Googled the problem. Tried the fix described here: http://icrontic.com/articles/repair%5Fwindows%5Fxp (since my CPU does not have XD buffer overflow protection I did not set /NOEXECUTE=OPTIN as OS Load Option). This did not work. I then found another fix for the problem on hardwareanalysis.com: Basically, boot to dos prompt (or recovery console if available) and make backups of the following files:- c:\windows\system32\config\system (to c:\windows\tmp\system.bak) c:\windows\system32\config\software (to c:\windows\tmp\software.bak) c:\windows\system32\config\sam (to c:\windows\tmp\sam.bak) c:\windows\system32\config\security (to c:\windows\tmp\security.bak) c:\windows\system32\config\default (to c:\windows\tmp\default.bak) then delete the above files (not the backups!) then copy the above files in c:\windows\repair to the c:\windows\system32\config directory restart your computer This did work (and I wish I'd done it first, since it was completely reversible, unlike the first method). However, afterwards I found that all the user accounts on the PC were gone. I resurrected them by copying the backed up security file back into the system32\config folder (I may have copied the SAM file from backup as well, I cannot remember clearly now). Now the PC boots up and I can log in. However things are still not right. I tried to alter one of the user accounts and found I could not access the User Accounts in the Control Panel. Microsoft KB 919292 had a fix for the problem. However, the fix failed with a Windows Installer error: The Windows Installer Service could not be accessed. This can occur if you are running Windows in safe mode, or if Windows Installer is not correctly installed. Contact your support personnel for assistance. Windows Installer 3.1 was already installed. I reinstalled it but continued to get the Windows Installer error whenever I tried to run the fix in KB 919292. I have since noticed another three problems: 1) Several applications on the PC no longer run, eg Microsoft Word. Shortcuts no longer seem to do anything and if I run the executables directly (eg for Word by running C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office10\Winword.exe) I get a message similar to: "Microsoft Word has not been installed for the current user. Please run setup to install the application." even though the executable is clearly visible in Windows Explorer (and even though Word actually opens - the error dialog appears after Word has opened. Clicking OK to the error dialog closes Word). 2) One or the other of the two fixes I tried for the original problem caused new user profiles to be created. eg My old user profile under the Documents and Settings folder was Simon. The old one still exists but there is now a new one called Simon.DBQ2515. Obviously the new one is being used because Opera (my browser that still works) no longer sees the bookmarks file under my old profile. 3) Probably as a result of fooling around with the Security file, when I try to boot off the Windows XP CD and run the Recovery Console I am now asked for the administrator password. The only problem is there is no administrator account on the PC. There is one account, LocalAdmin, that has administrative rights but when I entered the password for that account it did not work. It is so long since I originally set up the PC that I cannot remember if the original administrator account ever had a password and, if so, what it was. So, my question is: How can I fix this mess? In particular: 1) Having tried the two fixes linked to above, have I irrepairably damaged the Windows instance, requiring a clean reinstallation of Windows + all applications, or should it be possible to get the machine working correctly again without such drastic measures? 2) Is there any way to get around the administrator password so I can use the Recovery Console again, given that there is no account called "administrator" and the password for the one account with admin privileges does not work (and that, before I started the second fix, I was not asked for an administrator password)? 3) Is there any easy way to fix the problem with the applications that think they are not installed? 4) Is there any easy way to fix the problem of the Windows Installer that does not work, even if reinstalled? Cheers Simon

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• Nginx & Apache Cannot get try_files to work with permalinks

  - by tcherokee

  I have been working on this for the past two weeks not and for some reason I cannot seem to get nginx's try_files to work with my wordpress permalinks. I am hoping someone will be able to tell me where I am going wrong and also hopefully tell me if I made any major errors with my configurations as well (I am an nginx newbie... but learning :) ). Here are my Configuration files nginx.conf user www-data; worker_processes 4; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 768; # multi_accept on; } http { ## # Basic Settings ## sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; # server_tokens off; # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; # server_name_in_redirect off; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; ## # Logging Settings ## # Defines the cache log format, cache log location # and the main access log location. log_format cache '***$time_local ' '$upstream_cache_status ' 'Cache-Control: $upstream_http_cache_control ' 'Expires: $upstream_http_expires ' '$host ' '"$request" ($status) ' '"$http_user_agent" ' ; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; } mydomain.com.conf server { listen 123.456.78.901:80; # IP goes here. server_name www.mydomain.com mydomain.com; #root /var/www/mydomain.com/prod; index index.php; ## mydomain.com -> www.mydomain.com (301 - Permanent) if ($host !~* ^(www|dev)) { rewrite ^/(.*)$ $scheme://www.$host/$1 permanent; } # Add trailing slash to */wp-admin requests. rewrite /wp-admin$ $scheme://$host$uri/ permanent; # All media (including uploaded) is under wp-content/ so # instead of caching the response from apache, we're just # going to use nginx to serve directly from there. location ~* ^/(wp-content|wp-includes)/(.*)\.(jpg|png|gif|jpeg|css|js|m$ root /var/www/mydomain.com/prod; } # Don't cache these pages. location ~* ^/(wp-admin|wp-login.php) { proxy_pass http://backend; } location / { if ($http_cookie ~* "wordpress_logged_in_[^=]*=([^%]+)%7C") { set $do_not_cache 1; } proxy_cache_key "$scheme://$host$request_uri $do_not_cache"; proxy_cache main; proxy_pass http://backend; proxy_cache_valid 30m; # 200, 301 and 302 will be cached. # Fallback to stale cache on certain errors. # 503 is deliberately missing, if we're down for maintenance # we want the page to display. #try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?q=$uri$args; #try_files $uri =404; proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_504 http_404; } # Cache purge URL - works in tandem with WP plugin. # location ~ /purge(/.*) { # proxy_cache_purge main "$scheme://$host$1"; # } # No access to .htaccess files. location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } } # End server gzip.conf # Gzip Configuration. gzip on; gzip_disable msie6; gzip_static on; gzip_comp_level 4; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; proxy.conf # Set proxy headers for the passthrough proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_max_temp_file_size 0; client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; proxy_connect_timeout 90; proxy_send_timeout 90; proxy_read_timeout 90; proxy_buffer_size 4k; proxy_buffers 4 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status; backend.conf upstream backend { # Defines backends. # Extracting here makes it easier to load balance # in the future. Needs to be specific IP as Plesk # doesn't have Apache listening on localhost. ip_hash; server 127.0.0.1:8001; # IP goes here. } cache.conf # Proxy cache and temp configuration. proxy_cache_path /var/www/nginx_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=main:10m max_size=1g inactive=30m; proxy_temp_path /var/www/nginx_temp; proxy_cache_key "$scheme://$host$request_uri"; proxy_redirect off; # Cache different return codes for different lengths of time # We cached normal pages for 10 minutes proxy_cache_valid 200 302 10m; proxy_cache_valid 404 1m; The two commented out try_files in location \ of the mydomain config files are the ones I tried. This error I found in the error log can be found below. ...rewrite or internal redirection cycle while internally redirecting to "/index.php" Thanks in advance

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• GitLab on a fresh Ubuntu 13 EC2 instance

  - by Polly

  I've spun up a fresh Amazon EC2 instance for a micro Ubuntu 13 server to be used as a GitLab server. I know the specs are a little low, but it should serve well for my purposes. It has an elastic (static) IP address that I have created an A record for git.mydomain.com. The first thing I did to the instance was add 1GB of swap to keep it happy from a memory perspective. I then set the hostname of the box to be git.mydomain.com and followed https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/blob/6-2-stable/doc/install/installation.md to the letter. Everything seems to have worked, except for the web server side of things. Doing a gitlab:check shows the following: Checking Environment ... Git configured for git user? ... yes Has python2? ... yes python2 is supported version? ... yes Checking Environment ... Finished Checking GitLab Shell ... GitLab Shell version >= 1.7.4 ? ... OK (1.7.4) Repo base directory exists? ... yes Repo base directory is a symlink? ... no Repo base owned by git:git? ... yes Repo base access is drwxrws---? ... yes update hook up-to-date? ... yes update hooks in repos are links: ... can't check, you have no projects Running /home/git/gitlab-shell/bin/check Check GitLab API access: /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:878:in `initialize': Connection refused - connect(2) (Errno::ECONNREFUSED) from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:878:in `open' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:878:in `block in connect' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.0.0/timeout.rb:52:in `timeout' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:877:in `connect' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:862:in `do_start' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:851:in `start' from /home/git/gitlab-shell/lib/gitlab_net.rb:62:in `get' from /home/git/gitlab-shell/lib/gitlab_net.rb:29:in `check' from /home/git/gitlab-shell/bin/check:11:in `<main>' gitlab-shell self-check failed Try fixing it: Make sure GitLab is running; Check the gitlab-shell configuration file: sudo -u git -H editor /home/git/gitlab-shell/config.yml Please fix the error above and rerun the checks. Checking GitLab Shell ... Finished Checking Sidekiq ... Running? ... yes Number of Sidekiq processes ... 1 Checking Sidekiq ... Finished Checking GitLab ... Database config exists? ... yes Database is SQLite ... no All migrations up? ... yes GitLab config exists? ... yes GitLab config outdated? ... no Log directory writable? ... yes Tmp directory writable? ... yes Init script exists? ... yes Init script up-to-date? ... yes projects have namespace: ... can't check, you have no projects Projects have satellites? ... can't check, you have no projects Redis version >= 2.0.0? ... yes Your git bin path is "/usr/bin/git" Git version >= 1.7.10 ? ... yes (1.8.3) Checking GitLab ... Finished It seems like I'm very nearly there. Searching on this error I have only found advice that unfortunately hasn't helped. I'm not using any kind of SSL setup, which a lot of the posts I found were about. I have tried appending 127.0.0.1 git.mydomain.com to /etc/hosts and giving the instance a reboot but there was no change. My config/gitlab.yml file has host: git.mydomain.com in it, and my gitlab-shell/config.yml has gitlab_url: "http://git.mydomain.com/" in it. I'm sure I'm missing something simple, but I've been through every relevant link I can find and have had no positive results; thank you in advance for any help!

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