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• EMC/Legato/Networker Failed to recover files : Cross Platform Recovery not supported.

  - by marc.riera

  Software used to backup: EMC / Legato Networker legato server : windows legato clients: same hardware (2 years ago fedora something , now ubuntu ) Trying to recover from an old client, which is no longer available. So this is the thing. On 07/20/2008 we backed up a samba server(fedora something) to a tape , setting 1 year as browse policy and retention policy. Now this tape is recyclable. We took down the dns name. We deleted the legato client configuration. That legato client was reinstalled and is doing other stuff on ubuntu 10.04, with a different name but same ip. Now, 2 years and some month later #### Now we need to recover a folder from 2008 backup, on the fedora-samba-server. First thing, legato does not show the client name because the config was deleted. We create it again. We just set the old dns back on track, pointing the same ip, where the old server was, same MAC address ;). We created a new 'old client configuration' pointing to the new server. (different legato ip for client "I suppose" ) The ssid where the needed folder is on 2 tapes, 20 and 22. The index for that backup is on tape 21. We put this tapes on the jukebox (IBMT4000) -- not important for the issue -- All three tapes expired its browsable and recoverable time. So they are on recyclable. We get the clone id from the ssid with following command: mminfo -avot -q "ssid=<ssid>" -r cloneid We set the tapes to notrecyclable nsrmm -S <ssid>/<cloneid> -o notrecyclable We change the retention for the tapes for a future date nsrmm -S <ssid> -e 01/20/2011 We check the dates are correct : mminf -avV -q "ssid=<ssid>" -r ssbrowse(26),ssretent(26),savetime So far its OK. We close the terminal. Restart the server, just for being sure. Finally, we recover the index for that ssid where the folder should be. nsrck -L7 -t "07/20/2008" oldservername.domain.org There, we open the Networker User, select the server, select the old client as source, select the new client as destination. And this is what I get. imgur image of output -- http://i.imgur.com/1nOr8.png Should I understand that I need to install whatsoever operating system that was running on the old "linux server"/"networker client" to be able to restore 26Mb of files? thanks

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• Nginx Proxying to Multiple IP Addresses for CMS' Website Preview

  - by Matthew Borgman

  First-time poster, so bear with me. I'm relatively new to Nginx, but have managed to figure out what I've needed... until now. Nginx v1.0.15 is proxying to PHP-FPM v.5.3.10, which is listening at http://127.0.0.1:9000. [Knock on wood] everything has been running smoothly in terms of hosting our CMS and many websites. Now, we've developed our CMS and configured Nginx such that each supported website has a preview URL (e.g. http://[WebsiteID].ourcms.com/) where the site can be, you guessed it, previewed in those situations where DNS doesn't yet resolve to our server, etc. Specifically, we use Nginx's Map module (http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpMapModule) and a regular expression in the server_name of the CMS' server{ } block to 1) lookup a website's primary domain name from its preview URL and then 2) forward the request to the "matched" primary domain. The corresponding Nginx configuration: map $host $h { 123.ourcms.com www.example1.com; 456.ourcms.com www.example2.com; 789.ourcms.com www.example3.com; } and server { listen [OurCMSIPAddress]:80; listen [OurCMSIPAddress]:443 ssl; root /var/www/ourcms.com; server_name ~^(.*)\.ourcms\.com$; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/conf.d/ourcms.com.chained.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/conf.d/ourcms.com.key; location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1/; proxy_set_header Host $h; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } (Note: I do realize that the regex in the server_name should be "tighter" for security reasons and match only the format of the website ID (i.e. a UUID in our case).) This configuration works for 99% of our sites... except those that have a dedicated IP address for an installed SSL certificate. A "502 Bad Gateway" is returned for these and I'm unsure as to why. This is how I think the current configuration works for any requests that match the regex (e.g. http://123.ourcms.com/): Nginx looks up the website's primary domain from the mapping, and as a result of the proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1 directive, passes the request back to Nginx itself, which since the proxied request has a hostname corresponding to the website's primary domain name, via the proxy_set_header Host $h directive, Nginx handles the request as if it was as direct request for that hostname. Please correct me if I'm wrong in this understanding. Should I be proxying to those website's dedicated IP addresses? I tried this, but it didn't seem to work? Is there a setting in the Proxy module that I'm missing? Thanks for the help. MB

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• Sharing folder in a Virtual Private Windows Server 2008 R2 ?

  - by Triztian

  See Edit 2: Hello all, seems my involvement with computers has grown and I've found my self in the need to access a shared folder on a server. I've read some documentation and managed to set up the folder as a share, for this I created a local group and for now just one local user that has access to the share, the folder is in the public user folder and it's permissions should be (and I believe they are) read/write. The problem is that I can't connect from a remote machine I mean I don't know how the way it should be accessed, the server has a public IP and we use it also as a host to our website I don't know if that affects it though, the folder will be used as the "keeper" for the QuickBooks company files and has the database server manager installed. I've tried setting up a VPN Connection to the but no success. The server has a domain name a "http://www.example.com" that redirects to our website, I am unsure if it could be accessed that way, also the share has a location displayed when I right-click properties Heres what I've tried Setting up a VPN Connection (Windows Vista and 7) Got to the point where I got asked for credential and entered the user I created (which is not an admin) but I got a "Connection fail error 800" I suppose this is because in the domain field I entered the servers workgroup. right-click add network connection (Windows 7) Went through the wizard until I reached the point of entering the location, tried many things, the name in the share's properties(\\SOMETHING\Share), the http://www.example.com , the IP address I'm quite unfamiliar with this, so I have my guesses: Since the group and user are local they do not have access to the folder. The firewall in the server is blocking my connection. Anyways, any help and guidence is truly appreciated. EDIT 1: As @tony roth pointed out it may be a security fail, an I commented it out to management and said that that is not an issue, so please bare with me. EDIT 2: I've found out that the real question could be streamlined to "Sharing folder in a Virtual Private Server?", as thats what we have, a virtual private windows server 2008 R2, and I would like to know how to make it show like a normal folder in the client computer. Thanks again for all of your support.

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• Kernel-mode Authentication: 401 errors when accessing site from remote machines

  - by CJM

  I have several Classic ASP sites that use Integrated Windows Authentication and Kerberos delegation. They work OK on the live servers (recently moved to a Server 2008/IIS7 servers), but do not work fully on my development PC or my development server. The IIS on both machines were configured through an IIS web deployment tool package which was exported from an old machine; the deployment didn't work perfectly, and I had to tinker a bit to get the sites working. When accessing the apps locally on either machine, they work fine; when accessing from another machine, the user is prompted by a username/password dialog, and regardless of what you enter, ultimately it results in a 401 (Unauthorised) error. I've tried comparing the configuration of these machines against similar live servers (that all work fine), and they seem generally comparable (given that none of the live servers are yet on IIS7.5 (Windows 7/Server 2008 R2). These applications run in a common application pool which uses a special domain user as it's identity - this user has similar permissions on the live and development machines. On IIS6 platforms, to enable kerberos delegation, I needed to set up some SPNs for this user, and they are still in place (even though I don't believe they are needed any longer for IIS7+ due to kernel-mode authentication), Furthermore, this account is enabled for Kerberos delegation in Active Directory, as is each machine I am dealing with. I'm considering the possibility that the deployment might have made changes/failed to make changes to the IIS configuration thus causing this problem. Perhaps a complete rebuild (minus another web deployment attempt) would solve the problem, but I'd rather fix (thus understand) the current problem. Any ideas so far? I've just had another attempt at fixing this issue, and I've made some progress, but I don't have a complete fix...yet. I've discovered that if I access the sites via IP address (than via NetBIOS name), I get the same dialog, except that it accepts my credentials and thus the application works - not quite a fix, but a useful step. More interestingly, I discovered that if I disable Kernel-mode authentication (in IIS Manager Website Authentication Advanced Settings), the applications work perfectly. My foggy understanding is that this is effectively working in the pre-IIS7 way. A reasonable short-term solution, but consider the following explicit advice from IIS on this issue: By default, IIS enables kernel-mode authentication, which may improve authentication performance and prevent authentication problems with application pools configured to use a custom identity. As a best practice, do not disable this setting if Kerberos authentication is used in your environment and the application pool is configured to use a custom identity. Clearly, this is not the way my applications should be working. So what is the issue?

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• How to Setup Ubuntu Mail Server with Google Apps?

  - by Apreche

  I have a domain, let's call it foobar.com. All of the MX records for foobar.com point to Google's mail servers because I am using Google Apps for your domain to manage it. It's great because everyone gets all the advantages of GMail, but our e-mail addresses aren't @gmail.com. I also have a server. Primarily, it's a web server, but it also serves other things. One of the things it serves is the web site for foobar.com and also sites for various virtual hosts such as shop.foobar.com and forum.foobar.com. The server is running Ubuntu 8.04, because I like using LTS releases in production. The thing is, there are various applications running on the server that need the ability to send out emails. Various applications, like the cron jobs, send me e-mails in case of errors. Some of the web applications need to send e-mail to users when they forget their passwords, to confirm new registered users, etc. Lastly, it's nice to be able to send e-mail from the command line using the mail command, or mutt. How can I setup the mail on the web server to go through the Google apps mail servers? I don't need the web server to receive mail, though that would be cool. I do need it to be able to send mail as any legitimate address @foobar.com. That way the forum application can send mails with [email protected] in the from field, and the ecommerce application will have [email protected] in the from field. Also, by sending the mail through the Google servers, we can avoid a lot of the problems with the e-mails being blocked by various spam filters on the web. Google's SMTP servers are trusted a lot more than mine would be. I'm pretty good with administering Linux systems, but I am absolutely brain dead when it comes to e-mail. I need step by step directions from beginning to end on how to set this up. I need to know every thing to install, and every single change to the configuration files that is necessary. I have tried following various howtos and guides in the past, but none of them were quite right. Either they didn't work at all, or they offered a configuration that is not what I wanted. Please help. Thanks.

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• iptables : how to correctly allow incoming and outgoing traffic for certain ports?

  - by Rubytastic

  Im trying to get incoming and outgoing traffic to be enabled on specific ports, because I block everything at the end of the iptables rules. INPUT and FORWARD reject. What would be the appropiate way to open certain ports for all traffic incoming and outgoing? From docs I found below but one has to really define both lines? iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 22 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT I try to open ports for xmpp service and some other deamons running on server. Rules: *filter # Allow all loopback (lo0) traffic and drop all traffic to 127/8 that doesn't use lo0 -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT # Accept all established inbound connections -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow all outbound traffic - you can modify this to only allow certain traffic -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT # Allow HTTP # Prevent DDOS attacks (http://blog.bodhizazen.net/linux/prevent-dos-with-iptables/) # Disallow HTTPS -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW -m limit --limit 50/minute --limit-burst 200 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -m limit --limit 50/second --limit-burst 50 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP # Allow SSH connections # The -dport number should be the same port number you set in sshd_config -A INPUT -p tcp -s <myip> --dport ssh -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -s <myip> --dport 5984 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ssh -j REJECT # Attempt to block portscans # Anyone who tried to portscan us is locked out for an entire day. -A INPUT -m recent --name portscan --rcheck --seconds 86400 -j DROP -A FORWARD -m recent --name portscan --rcheck --seconds 86400 -j DROP # Once the day has passed, remove them from the portscan list -A INPUT -m recent --name portscan --remove -A FORWARD -m recent --name portscan --remove # These rules add scanners to the portscan list, and log the attempt. -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 139 -m recent --name portscan --set -j LOG --log-prefix "Portscan:" -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 139 -m recent --name portscan --set -j DROP -A FORWARD -p tcp -m tcp --dport 139 -m recent --name portscan --set -j LOG --log-prefix "Portscan:" -A FORWARD -p tcp -m tcp --dport 139 -m recent --name portscan --set -j DROP # Stop smurf attacks -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type address-mask-request -j DROP -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type timestamp-request -j DROP -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp -j DROP # Drop excessive RST packets to avoid smurf attacks -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags RST RST -m limit --limit 2/second --limit-burst 2 -j ACCEPT # Don't allow pings through -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j DROP # Log iptables denied calls -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7 # Reject all other inbound - default deny unless explicitly allowed policy -A INPUT -j REJECT -A FORWARD -j REJECT COMMIT

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• Deployment/provisioning tool for commercial applications (not developed in-house)

  - by mfinni

  I help manage a few hosted commercial applications, and we have a lot of manual processes involved when doing new customer-instance deployments into the shared (multitenant) environment. Allow me to describe the most relevant features, and then we can talk about the tools. We have an application on AIX, that requires dozens of changes to config files (some plain text, some XML) as well as a good number of commands to be run on multiple servers - some to start the new instance, some to restart our shared authentication and reporting engines, etc. The config changes follow templates, of course. The servers in question will also depend on the initial conditions specified by the implementer/deployer - we may choose to deploy a given customer to our servers in Europe, or one set of servers may be active-active whereas a different set of servers is active-passive - in short, there's a lot of complications. We have another application that run on IIS 6 and SQL. The DBAs don't want any automation of the SQL components and that's fine with me, but automating the IIS bit would be great. For a new customer instance, we make a filesystem copy of a template Virtual Directory target named after the new customer, make a new AppPool to match, edit a VirDir template .xml file to replace the filepaths and AppPool names with the new ones, and then make a new VirDir from the modified template XML to point to the new filesystem folder and app pool. For the first case, something like ControlTier or Chef might be good. For the second, the new(ish) Web Deploy from MS would probably do a good job. Has anyone used these tools or others to do something similar for applications? More of a nice-to-have, not a fixed requirement - Has anyone used anything that works on both platforms? I'm looking for something free, because the official word is that within a year, we will have whatever HP has renamed the OpsWare suite, which should be able to do stuff like this. Edit - based on someone's suggestion, looking at CFengine for the AIX application, it doesn't seem to address my pain. The problem isn't keeping a given config synced across dozens of servers, we have rsync for that. The problem is that onboarding a new customer instance touches dozens of files, putting pieces of the same or similar information into them - some are new stanzas in existing files, some are new files, and some are new directories. This is a several-hours-long process that is also error-prone because it's mostly done by hand. I guess I'm looking for config-file generation and management. I have built a small Perl script to do something similar for a much smaller case - it binds a CSV file into variables, and then does a copy-and-search-and-replace from a set of template config files. I could probably do the same here.

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• Transient network dropout for Xen DomU's

  - by Stephen C

  We've got a CentOS server running a cluster of virtuals. Occasionally the cluster's internal network drops out for a minute or so ... and then comes back. The problem is somehow related to the actual network traffic, but it is not a simple load issue. (The system is generally lightly loaded, and the problem occurs irrespective of actual load.) The setup: CentOS 5.6 on Dom0, various CentOS on the DomU's Hardware - a Dell R710 with a BroadCom NextXpress 2 NIC (sigh) using the latest drivers for the NIC from BroadCom Xen configured to use network-bridge and vif-bridge Some iptable tweaks to route an unrelated port to one of the virtuals. The system has one externally visible IP address, and Dom0 runs an Apache httpd configured with a number of virtual hosts each of which reverse proxies to web servers running on the virtuals. (The virtuals have to be NAT'ed, primarily because we don't have enough allocated public IP addresses.) The symptoms: Works fine most of the time. When someone tries to UPLOAD a large file to one virtuals, the internal network drops out ... for all virtuals: The Dom0 httpd sees a network timeout talking to the backend server on the virtual and reports a 502. A previously established ssh connection from Dom0 to any of the DomU's freezes. Our monitoring shows ping failures for traffic between virtuals. The Xen consoles to the DomU's do not freeze. No log messages in any log files that I can see, on either Dom0 or the DomU's ... apart from the Dom0 httpd logs. After a minute or so, the problem clears by itself. This is 100% reproducible. What we've tried: Downloading, building and installing the latest BNX2 driver on Dom0 Turning off MSI on the NIC - adding "options bnx2 disable_msi=1" to /etc/modprobe.conf Turning off tcp segmentation offload - "ethtool -K eth0 tso off". Sacrificing a black rooster at midnight. I've exhausted all my options apart from switching to KVM ... or slaughtering more roosters. Any suggestions?

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• What Are All the Variables Necessary to Create Blackbox Logs for Nginx?

  - by Alan Gutierrez

  There's an article out there, Profiling LAMP Applications with Apache's Blackbox Logs, that describes how to create a log that records a lot of detailed information missing in the common and combined log formats. This information is supposed to help you resolve performance issues. As the author notes "While the common log-file format (and the combined format) are great for hit tracking, they aren't suitable for getting hardcore performance data." The article describes a "blackbox" log format, like a blackbox flight recorder on an aircraft, that gathers information used to profile server performance, missing from the hit tracking log formats: Keep alive status, remote port, child processes, bytes sent, etc. LogFormat "%a/%S %X %t \"%r\" %s/%>s %{pid}P/%{tid}P %T/%D %I/%O/%B" blackbox I'm trying to recreate as much of the format for Nginx, and would like help filling in the blanks. Here's what Nginx blackbox format would look like, the unmapped Apache directives have question marks after their names. access_log blackbox '$remote_addr/$remote_port X? [$time_local] "$request"' 's?/$status $pid/0 T?/D? I?/O?/B?' Here's a table of the variables I've been able to map from the Nginx documentation. %a = $remote_addr - The IP address of the remote client. %S = $remote_port - The port of the remote client. %X = ? - Keep alive status. %t = $time_local - The start time of the request. %r = $request - The first line of request containing method verb, path and protocol. %s = ? - Status before any redirections. %>s = $status - Status after any redirections. %{pid}P = $pid - The process id. %{tid}P = N/A - The thread id, which is non-applicable to Nignx. %T = ? - The time in seconds to handle the request. %D = ? - The time in milliseconds to handle the request. %I = ? - The count of bytes received including headers. %O = ? - The count of bytes sent including headers. %B = ? - The count of bytes sent excluding headers, but with a 0 for none instead of '-'. Looking for help filling in the missing variables, or confirmation that the missing variables are in fact, unavailable in Nginx.

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• SCCM SP2 - OOB Management Certificates Problems

  - by Achinoam

  I have a vPro client computer with AMT 4.0. It was importeed successfully via the Import OOB Computers wizard, and after sending a "Hello- packet" it became provisioned. (The SCCM GUI displays AMT Status: Provisioned). But when I try to perform power operations on this machine, they always fail with the following lines in the log: AMT Operation Worker: Wakes up to process instruction files 7/29/2009 10:59:29 AM 2176 (0x0880) AMT Operation Worker: Wait 20 seconds... 7/29/2009 10:59:29 AM 2176 (0x0880) Auto-worker Thread Pool: Work thread 3884 started 7/29/2009 10:59:29 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) session params : https:/ / amt4.domaindemo.com:16993 , 11001 7/29/2009 10:59:29 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) ERROR: Invoke(invoke) failed: 80020009argNum = 0 7/29/2009 10:59:31 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) Description: A security error occurred 7/29/2009 10:59:31 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) Error: Failed to Invoke CIM_BootConfigSetting::ChangeBootOrder_INPUT action. 7/29/2009 10:59:31 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) AMT Operation Worker: AMT machine amt4.domaindemo.com can't be waken up. Error code: 0x80072F8F 7/29/2009 10:59:31 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) Auto-worker Thread Pool: Warning, Failed to run task this time. Will retry(1) it 7/29/2009 10:59:31 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) After investigation, I've seen that the problem occurs already on the 2nd stage of the provisioning: Start 2nd stage provision on AMT device amt4.domaindemo.com. 8/2/2009 4:55:12 PM 2944 (0x0B80) session params : https: / / amt4.domaindemo.com:16993 , 11001 8/2/2009 4:55:12 PM 2944 (0x0B80) Delete existing ACLs... 8/2/2009 4:55:12 PM 2944 (0x0B80) ERROR: Invoke(invoke) failed: 80020009argNum = 0 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) Description: A security error occurred 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) Error: Cannot Enumerate User Acl Entries. 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) Error: CSMSAMTProvTask::StartProvision Fail to call AMTWSManUtilities::DeleteACLs 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) Error: Can not finish WSMAN call with target device. 1. Check if there is a winhttp proxy to block connection. 2. Service point is trying to establish connection with wireless IP address of AMT firmware but wireless management has NOT enabled yet. AMT firmware doesn't support provision through wireless connection. 3. For greater than 3.x AMT, there is a known issue in AMT firmware that WSMAN will fail with FQDN longer than 44 bytes. (MachineId = 17) 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) STATMSG: ID=7208 SEV=E LEV=M SOURCE="SMS Server" COMP="SMS_AMT_OPERATION_MANAGER" SYS=JE-DEV-MS0 SITE=JR1 PID=1756 TID=2944 GMTDATE=Sun Aug 02 14:55:14.281 2009 ISTR0="amt4.domaindemo.com" ISTR1="amt4.domaindemo.com" ISTR2="" ISTR3="" ISTR4="" ISTR5="" ISTR6="" ISTR7="" ISTR8="" ISTR9="" NUMATTRS=0 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) This error is consistent with all the other 2nd stage provisioning tasks. (Add ACLs, Enable Web UI, etc.) I've opened the certification authority, and I see that the certificates were issued to the SCCM Site server instead of the AMT client! What could be the reason for this failure? What is the problematic definition for the certificate? Thank you in advance!!!

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• How Can We Create Blackbox Logs for Nginx?

  - by Alan Gutierrez

  There's an article out there, Profiling LAMP Applications with Apache's Blackbox Logs, that describes how to create a log that records a lot of detailed information missing in the common and combined log formats. This information is supposed to help you resolve performance issues. As the author notes "While the common log-file format (and the combined format) are great for hit tracking, they aren't suitable for getting hardcore performance data." The article describes a "blackbox" log format, like a blackbox flight recorder on an aircraft, that gathers information used to profile server performance, missing from the hit tracking log formats: Keep alive status, remote port, child processes, bytes sent, etc. LogFormat "%a/%S %X %t \"%r\" %s/%>s %{pid}P/%{tid}P %T/%D %I/%O/%B" blackbox I'm trying to recreate as much of the format for Nginx, and would like help filling in the blanks. Here's what Nginx blackbox format would look like, the unmapped Apache directives have question marks after their names. access_log blackbox '$remote_addr/$remote_port X? [$time_local] "$request"' 's?/$status $pid/0 T?/D? I?/$bytes_sent/$body_bytes_sent' Here's a table of the variables I've been able to map from the Nginx documentation. %a = $remote_addr - The IP address of the remote client. %S = $remote_port - The port of the remote client. %X = ? - Keep alive status. %t = $time_local - The start time of the request. %r = $request - The first line of request containing method verb, path and protocol. %s = ? - Status before any redirections. %>s = $status - Status after any redirections. %{pid}P = $pid - The process id. %{tid}P = N/A - The thread id, which is non-applicable to Nignx. %T = ? - The time in seconds to handle the request. %D = $request_time - The time in milliseconds to handle the request. %I = ? - The count of bytes received including headers. %O = $bytes_sent - The count of bytes sent including headers. %B = $body_bytes_sent - The count of bytes sent excluding headers, but with a 0 for none instead of '-'. Looking for help filling in the missing variables, or confirmation that the missing variables are in fact, unavailable in Nginx.

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• OpenVPN multiple servers on the same subnet, high availability

  - by andre

  Hey everyone. Let me start by saying that my Linux experience isn't super awesome but I can usually find my way around things easily. Over at work we have an OpenVPN setup that's been due for some improvement for a while now. The main server (tap mode) runs in our office, behind a rather slow DSL connection. The main problem is that, since I'm usually out of the office, every time I want to access something on the virtual network I have to go through that server to get anywhere else. We have two servers up on 100 Mbit connections that we use for development and production purposes, about 3 more servers in the office (one of them behind a different T1 line for VOIP) and about two dozen clients who use the network on a daily basis from various locations. We've had situations where network routing (outside of our control) would not allow people to reach our main OpenVPN server whilst the other locations were connectable. Also any time someone outside the office wants to fetch something from any of the servers (say, a 500 MB code repository), a whopping 20 KB/s download speed is just unacceptable these days (did I mention slow DSL? ok). We had to implement traffic shaping on this server since maxing out this connection was fairly trivial. I had the thought of running two (or more) OpenVPN servers in the network. These would have to have the same subnet though, as our application relies on virtual network's IP addresses for some of its core functionality. The clients would also preferably retain the same IP addresses but that's not vital. For simplicity, lets call the current server office and the second server I'm setting up, cloud. Call the server on the T1 phone. This proved to be rather complex because as soon as I connect to cloud, I cannot see office. Any routes to a server that would go through office also do not work while I'm connected to cloud (no ping, nothing) and vice-versa. There's no rules for iptables that would be blocking the traffic either. Recently I came across this article on linuxjournal but the solution they provide seems to only cover the use of two servers and somewhat outdated (can't even find much documentation, their wiki is offline). They also state that adding more servers would be a complex task. Ideally I would like to keep the existing server office running the virtual network and also run the OpenVPN daemon on the cloud and phone servers (100 Mbit and very reliable connection, respectively) so that we're on safe ground in case of a hardware failure, DSL failure, etc. So, in essence, I'm looking for a highly available OpenVPN solution (fix, patch, hack, tweak, whatever you want to call it) that will accept connections on multiple hosts (2 or more) whilst keeping the same IP address subnet regardless of the server to which you connect to. Thanks for reading and sorry for the long post, I hope it gets the point across :P

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• Excessive Outbound DNS Traffic

  - by user1318414

  I have a VPS system which I have had for 3 years on one host without issue. Recently, the host started sending an extreme amount of outbound DNS traffic to 31.193.132.138. Due to the way that Linode responded to this, I have recently left Linode and moved to 6sync. The server was completely rebuilt on 6sync with the exception of postfix mail configurations. Currently, the daemons run are as follows: sshd nginx postfix dovecot php5-fpm (localhost only) spampd (localhost only) clamsmtpd (localhost only) Given that the server was 100% rebuilt, I can't find any serious exploits against the above stated daemons, passwords have changed, ssh keys don't even exist on the rebuild yet, etc... it seems extremely unlikely that this is a compromise which is being used to DoS the address. The provided IP is noted online as a known SPAM source. My initial assumption was that it was attempting to use my postfix server as a relay, and the bogus addresses it was providing were domains with that IP registered as their nameservers. I would imagine given my postfix configuration that DNS queries for things such as SPF information would come in with equal or greater amount than the number of attempted spam e-mails sent. Both Linode and 6Sync have said that the outbound traffic is extremely disproportionate. The following is all the information I received from Linode regarding the outbound traffic: 21:28:28.647263 IP 97.107.134.33.32775 > 31.193.132.138.53: 28720 op8+% [b2&3=0x4134] [17267a] [30550q] [28773n] [14673au][|domain] 21:28:28.647264 IP 97.107.134.33 > 31.193.132.138: udp 21:28:28.647264 IP 97.107.134.33.32775 > 31.193.132.138.53: 28720 op8+% [b2&3=0x4134] [17267a] [30550q] [28773n] [14673au][|domain] 21:28:28.647265 IP 97.107.134.33 > 31.193.132.138: udp 21:28:28.647265 IP 97.107.134.33.32775 > 31.193.132.138.53: 28720 op8+% [b2&3=0x4134] [17267a] [30550q] [28773n] [14673au][|domain] 21:28:28.647266 IP 97.107.134.33 > 31.193.132.138: udp 6sync cannot confirm whether or not the recent spike in outbound traffic was to the same IP or over DNS, but I have presumed as such. For now my server is blocking the entire 31.0.0.0/8 subnet to help deter this while I figure it out. Anyone have any idea what is going on?

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• Reasons for missing IP info in `last` output on pts logins?

  - by Mike Pennington

  I have five CentOS 6 linux systems at work, and encountered a rather strange issue that only seems to happen with my userid across all the linux systems I have... This is an example of the problem from entries I excepted from the last command... mpenning pts/19 Fri Nov 16 10:32 - 10:35 (00:03) mpenning pts/17 Fri Nov 16 10:21 - 10:42 (00:21) bill pts/15 sol-bill.local Fri Nov 16 10:19 - 10:36 (00:16) mpenning pts/1 192.0.2.91 Fri Nov 16 10:17 - 10:49 (12+00:31) kkim14 pts/14 192.0.2.225 Thu Nov 15 18:02 - 15:17 (4+21:15) gduarte pts/10 192.0.2.135 Thu Nov 15 12:33 - 08:10 (11+19:36) gduarte pts/9 192.0.2.135 Thu Nov 15 12:31 - 08:10 (11+19:38) kkim14 pts/0 :0.0 Thu Nov 15 12:27 - 15:17 (5+02:49) gduarte pts/6 192.0.2.135 Thu Nov 15 11:44 - 08:10 (11+20:25) kkim14 pts/13 192.0.2.225 Thu Nov 15 09:56 - 15:17 (5+05:20) kkim14 pts/12 192.0.2.225 Thu Nov 15 08:28 - 15:17 (5+06:49) kkim14 pts/11 192.0.2.225 Thu Nov 15 08:26 - 15:17 (5+06:50) dspencer pts/8 192.0.2.130 Wed Nov 14 18:24 still logged in mpenning pts/18 alpha-console-1. Mon Nov 12 14:41 - 14:46 (00:04) You can see two of my pts login entries above that do not have a source IP address associated with them. My CentOS machines have as many as six other users that share the systems, but the mpenning userid is the only one that has this issue. Approximately 5% of my logins see this issue, but no other usernames exhibit this behavior. Questions Given the kind of scripts I keep on these systems (which control much of our network infrastructure), I'm a little spooked by this and would like to understand what would cause my logins to occasionally miss source addresses. Is there anything (other than malicious activity) that would reasonably explain the behavior? Other than bash history timestamping, are there other things I can do to track the issue down? Informational Since this started happening, I enabled bash history time-stamping (i.e. HISTTIMEFORMAT="%y-%m-%d %T " in .bash_profile) and also added a few other bash history hacks; however, that does not give clues to what happened during the previous occurrences. All the systems run CentOS 6.3... [mpenning@typo ~]$ uname -a Linux typo.local 2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Sep 25 21:43:11 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [mpenning@typo ~]$ EDIT If I use last -i mpenning, I see entries like this... mpenning pts/19 0.0.0.0 Fri Nov 16 10:32 - 10:35 (00:03) mpenning pts/17 0.0.0.0 Fri Nov 16 10:21 - 10:42 (00:21)

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• Switch flooding when bonding interfaces in Linux

  - by John Philips

  +--------+ | Host A | +----+---+ | eth0 (AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA) | | +----+-----+ | Switch 1 | (layer2/3) +----+-----+ | +----+-----+ | Switch 2 | +----+-----+ | +----------+----------+ +-------------------------+ Switch 3 +-------------------------+ | +----+-----------+----+ | | | | | | | | | | eth0 (B0:B0:B0:B0:B0:B0) | | eth4 (B4:B4:B4:B4:B4:B4) | | +----+-----------+----+ | | | Host B | | | +----+-----------+----+ | | eth1 (B1:B1:B1:B1:B1:B1) | | eth5 (B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5) | | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+ +------------------------------+ Topology overview Host A has a single NIC. Host B has four NICs which are bonded using the balance-alb mode. Both hosts run RHEL 6.0, and both are on the same IPv4 subnet. Traffic analysis Host A is sending data to Host B using some SQL database application. Traffic from Host A to Host B: The source int/MAC is eth0/AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA, the destination int/MAC is eth5/B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5. Traffic from Host B to Host A: The source int/MAC is eth0/B0:B0:B0:B0:B0:B0, the destination int/MAC is eth0/AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA. Once the TCP connection has been established, Host B sends no further frames out eth5. The MAC address of eth5 expires from the bridge tables of both Switch 1 & Switch 2. Switch 1 continues to receive frames from Host A which are destined for B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5. Because Switch 1 and Switch 2 no longer have bridge table entries for B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5, they flood the frames out all ports on the same VLAN (except for the one it came in on, of course). Reproduce If you ping Host B from a workstation which is connected to either Switch 1 or 2, B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5 re-enters the bridge tables and the flooding stops. After five minutes (the default bridge table timeout), flooding resumes. Question It is clear that on Host B, frames arrive on eth5 and exit out eth0. This seems ok as that's what the Linux bonding algorithm is designed to do - balance incoming and outgoing traffic. But since the switch stops receiving frames with the source MAC of eth5, it gets timed out of the bridge table, resulting in flooding. Is this normal? Why aren't any more frames originating from eth5? Is it because there is simply no other traffic going on (the only connection is a single large data transfer from Host A)? I've researched this for a long time and haven't found an answer. Documentation states that no switch changes are necessary when using mode 6 of the Linux interface bonding (balance-alb). Is this behavior occurring because Host B doesn't send any further packets out of eth5, whereas in normal circumstances it's expected that it would? One solution is to setup a cron job which pings Host B to keep the bridge table entries from timing out, but that seems like a dirty hack.

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• Change Logon DPI setting in Windows 8.1

  - by jmc302005

  I love how M$ keeps making decisions for me about how I want my desktop to look. Now they have added per-user dpi settings. The problem this has created is that there is no adjustable dpi setting for the Lock/Logon screen. Let me explain. you can change the dpi setting to be the same across all displays and this does affect the icons and font on the lock/logon screen. However it does not affect any app/program that can run on the lock/logon screen. Ex. I use a 44" flat screen tv for my monitor on my desktop. Big enough for me to sit in my recliner and use my comp. But I don't have a wireless keyboard. And it sucks having the wire from the keyboard running across the floor. Plus I really don't want to keep a keyboard next to me. So I use the on screen keyboard for logging in and quick typing (search, web address, etc.) So the problem is that with the new dpi setup my on screen keyboard takes up nearly half the screen. Does M$ think we are all blind? Oh no I remember they think desktops should look like tablets and phones. I tried looking through the registry to see if I could find a setting for it. In the key HKEY_USERS.DEFAULT\Control Panel\Desktop there is a string value named "LogicalDPIOverride" with a value of -1. I have a feeling this is where I can fix the issue. I tried changing the value to 0 and to 1 with no change in the result. Instead I noticed that after logging out and back in the -1 value was back in the registry. So now M$ has also added a way for us to not be able to change a setting in the registry. They are making it harder and harder for us power users to be able to do anything with the settings in windows. Soon we will all have the same exact Windows with absolutely no customization. ok sorry for the quick rant. The real question here is. How can I change this defualt dpi crap? Can I use the LogPixels string that worked for dpi in Windows 7? Here are 2 Screen shots 1 of the Lock Screen and 1 of the Logon Screen http://i.imgur.com/6RM5ufE.jpg http://i.imgur.com/cnY5bmm.jpg Please any help will be appreciated.

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• Some questions regarding Hostname

  - by user481913

  I just bought a new VPS hosting plan and i have a few questions. Hope someone here can clear the doubts for me. 1) Is it necessary to have a real domain for a vps hostname? I suppose i can just use a non-real domain like anydomain.com and something like 'server' for the computer name. Therefore i'll end up with something like server.anydomain.com as the vps's hostname. I want to do this for the sake of putting in a hostname to configure the vps to get it going . So, since this non-real domain name does not need to be publicly accessible i don't need to register or own it and instead access the server by the ip address. Is that correct? But i suppose that this also depends upon if my web host allows that? 2)I would also like to run some real sites with real domain names on this vps, so can i just configure the zone file on the primary nameserver and make entries for these domains and point an A record at the Vps's IP to make them publicly accessible over the internet? For example for my 1st domain i could make an entry like this: $TTL 86400 mydomain1.com. IN SOA ns1.mywebhost.com. \ admin.mydomain1.com. ( 2004011522 ; Serial no., based on date 21600 ; Refresh after 6 hours 3600 ; Retry after 1 hour 604800 ; Expire after 7 days 3600 ; Minimum TTL of 1 hour ) server IN A 200._._._ ns1.mywebhost.com. IN A 216._._._ ns2.mywebhost.com. IN A 205._._._ @ IN NS ns1.mywebhost.com. @ IN NS ns2.mywebhost.com. @ IN MX 10 server www IN CNAME server server IN CNAME @ (so this particular line tells the nameserver to point the url mydomain1.com to server.anydomain.com at the particular ip addresss in the A record.... is that right?) Similarly for my 2nd domain i could have a similar entry : $TTL 86400 mydomain2.com. IN SOA ns1.mywebhost.com. \ admin.mydomain2.com. (..... ............................so on........ ......................................... ......................................... ......................................... ......................................... ......................................... Is that correct? 3) Suppose for my vps hostname, i ignorantly chose a domain that someone else alreadys owns , however i think that it won't affect the public accessibility of the real domain or website since only the real owner of the domain has the rights to provide for the nameservers addresses in the TLD registeries through his Domian Registerar? Is that correct? 4)Can i change my vps's hostname later? Would this create any complications?

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• Why does writing a file to an NFS share send a COMMIT operation to the NFS server?

  - by Antonis Christofides

  I have a Debian squeeze (2.6.32-5-amd64) which is at the same time a NFS4 server and client (it mounts itself through NFS4). The local directory that leads directly to disk is /nfs4exports/mydir, whereas /nfs4mounts/mydir is the same thing mounted through NFS, using the machine's external IP address. Here is the line from fstab: 192.168.1.75:/mydir /nfs4mounts/mydir nfs4 soft 0 0 I have an application that writes many small files. If I write directly to /nfs4exports/mydir, it writes thousands of files per second; but if I write to /nfs4mounts/mydir, it writes 4 files per second or so. I can greatly increase speed if I add async to /etc/exports. (Writing a single large file to the NFS-mounted directory goes at more than 100 MB/s.) I examine the server statistics and I see that whenever a file is written, it is "committed" (this also happens with NFSv3): root@debianvboxtest:~# mount -t nfs4 192.168.1.75:/mydir /mnt root@debianvboxtest:~# nfsstat|grep -A 2 'nfs v4 operations' Server nfs v4 operations: op0-unused op1-unused op2-future access close commit 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 10 4% 1 0% 1 0% root@debianvboxtest:~# echo 'hello' >/mnt/test1056 root@debianvboxtest:~# nfsstat|grep -A 2 'nfs v4 operations' Server nfs v4 operations: op0-unused op1-unused op2-future access close commit 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 11 4% 2 0% 2 0% Now in the RFC, I read this: The COMMIT operation is similar in operation and semantics to the POSIX fsync(2) system call that synchronizes a file's state with the disk (file data and metadata is flushed to disk or stable storage). COMMIT performs the same operation for a client, flushing any unsynchronized data and metadata on the server to the server's disk or stable storage for the specified file. I don't understand why the client commits. I don't think that the "echo" shell built-in command runs fsync; if echo wrote to a local file and then the machine went down, the file might be lost. In contrast, the NFS client appears to be sending a COMMIT upon completion of the echo. Why? I am reluctant to use the async NFS server option, because it would apparently ignore COMMIT. I feel as if I had a local filesystem and I had to choose between syncing every file upon close and ignoring fsync altogether. What have I understood wrong?

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• Keep source IP after NAT

  - by John Miller

  Until today I used a cheapy router so I can share my internet connection and keep a webserver online too, while using NAT. Users IP ($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) was fine, I was seeing class A IPs of users. But as traffic grown up everyday, I had to install a Linux Server (Debian) to share my Internet Connection, because my old router couldn't keep the traffic anymore. I shared the internet via IPTABLES using NAT, but now, after forwarding port 80 to my webserver, now instead of seeing real users IP, I see my Gateway IP (Linux Internal IP) as any user IP Address. How to solve this issue? I edited my post, so I can paste the rules I'm currently using. #!/bin/sh #I made a script to set the rules #I flush everything here. iptables --flush iptables --table nat --flush iptables --delete-chain iptables --table nat --delete-chain iptables -F iptables -X # I drop everything as a general rule, but this is disabled under testing # iptables -P INPUT DROP # iptables -P OUTPUT DROP # these are the loopback rules iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT # here I set the SSH port rules, so I can connect to my server iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 513:65535 --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 22 --dport 513:65535 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # These are the forwards for 80 port iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -s 0/0 -d xx.xx.xx.xx --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 192.168.42.3:80 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -d xx.xx.xx.xx -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.42.3 iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -s 192.168.42.3 --sport 80 -j ACCEPT # These are the forwards for bind/dns iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p udp -s 0/0 -d xx.xx.xx.xx --dport 53 -j DNAT --to 192.168.42.3:53 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -d xx.xx.xx.xx -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.42.3 iptables -A FORWARD -p udp -s 192.168.42.3 --sport 53 -j ACCEPT # And these are the rules so I can share my internet connection iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0:1 -j ACCEPT If I delete the MASQUERADE part, I see my real IP while echoing it with PHP, but I don't have internet. How to do, to have internet and see my real IP while ports are forwarded too? ** xx.xx.xx.xx - is my public IP. I hid it for security reasons.

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• Nginx + Passenger running a RoR app is returning 401 when 302 is expected

  - by DBruns

  I've got a RoR app running on Passenger on top of Nginx. I'm using devise for my authentication method and have a link that gets sent in an email to users that requires authentication to view. If a user clicks the link from Outlook, and IE is the default browser, IE makes an HTTP request using the following headers: GET http://www.company.com/custom_layouts/108 HTTP/1.1 Accept: */* Accept-Language: en-us User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E) Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Connection: Keep-Alive Host: www.company.com Returning: HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized Content-Type: /; charset=utf-8 Transfer-Encoding: chunked Connection: keep-alive Status: 401 X-Powered-By: Phusion Passenger (mod_rails/mod_rack) 2.2.15 WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Application" Cache-Control: no-cache X-UA-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1 Set-Cookie: _vxwer_session=[sessionstr]; path=/; HttpOnly X-Runtime: 0.011918 Server: nginx/0.7.67 + Phusion Passenger 2.2.15 (mod_rails/mod_rack) 31 You need to sign in or sign up before continuing. 0 When the exact same URL is typed into the address bar, it does this: GET http://www.company.com/custom_layouts/108 HTTP/1.1 Accept: image/jpeg, application/x-ms-application, image/gif, application/xaml+xml, image/pjpeg, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */* Accept-Language: en-US User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E) Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Connection: Keep-Alive Host: www.company.com Returning: HTTP/1.1 302 Found Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Transfer-Encoding: chunked Connection: keep-alive Status: 302 X-Powered-By: Phusion Passenger (mod_rails/mod_rack) 2.2.15 Location: http://www.company.com/users/sign_in Cache-Control: no-cache X-UA-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1 Set-Cookie: _xswer_session=[session_info_here]; path=/; HttpOnly X-Runtime: 0.010798 Server: nginx/0.7.67 + Phusion Passenger 2.2.15 (mod_rails/mod_rack) 6f <html><body>You are being <a href="http://www.company.com/users/sign_in">redirected</a>.</body></html> 0 I expect them to return the same thing regardless.

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• 40k Event Log Errors an hour Unknown Username or bad password

  - by ErocM

  I am getting about 200k of these an hour: An account failed to log on. Subject: Security ID: SYSTEM Account Name: TGSERVER$ Account Domain: WORKGROUP Logon ID: 0x3e7 Logon Type: 4 Account For Which Logon Failed: Security ID: NULL SID Account Name: administrator Account Domain: TGSERVER Failure Information: Failure Reason: Unknown user name or bad password. Status: 0xc000006d Sub Status: 0xc0000064 Process Information: Caller Process ID: 0x334 Caller Process Name: C:\Windows\System32\svchost.exe Network Information: Workstation Name: TGSERVER Source Network Address: - Source Port: - Detailed Authentication Information: Logon Process: Advapi Authentication Package: Negotiate Transited Services: - Package Name (NTLM only): - Key Length: 0 This event is generated when a logon request fails. It is generated on the computer where access was attempted. The Subject fields indicate the account on the local system which requested the logon. This is most commonly a service such as the Server service, or a local process such as Winlogon.exe or Services.exe. The Logon Type field indicates the kind of logon that was requested. The most common types are 2 (interactive) and 3 (network). The Process Information fields indicate which account and process on the system requested the logon. The Network Information fields indicate where a remote logon request originated. Workstation name is not always available and may be left blank in some cases. The authentication information fields provide detailed information about this specific logon request. - Transited services indicate which intermediate services have participated in this logon request. - Package name indicates which sub-protocol was used among the NTLM protocols. - Key length indicates the length of the generated session key. This will be 0 if no session key was requested. On my server... I changed my adminstrative username to something else and since then I've been inidated with these messages. I found on http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc787567(v=WS.10).aspx that the 4 means "Batch logon type is used by batch servers, where processes may be executing on behalf of a user without their direct intervention." which really doesn't shed any light on it for me. I checked the services and they are all logging in as local system or network service. Nothing for administrator. Anyone have any idea how I tell where these are coming from? I would assume this is a program that is crapping out... Thanks in advance!

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• How did what appears to be a virus get on my computer? (explanation of situation enclosed)

  - by Massimo

  My system is Windows XP SP3, updated with the latest patches. The PC is connected to a Cisco 877 ADSL router, which does NAT from the internal network to its single static public IP address. There are no forwarded ports, and the router's management console can only be accessed from the inside. I was doing two things: working on a remote office machine via VPN and browsing some web pages on the Cisco web site. The remote network is absolutely safe (it's a lab network, four virtual servers, no publicly accessible services and no users at all; also, none of what I'm going to describe ever happened there). The Cisco web site... well, I suppose is quite safe, too. Suddenly, something happened. Strange popups appears anywhere; programs claiming they're "antimalware", "antispyware" et so on begins autoinstalling; fake Windows Update and Security Center icons pop up in the system tray. svchost.exe began crashing repeatedly. Then, finally, after some minutes of this... BSOD. And, upon rebooting, BSOD again. Even in safe mode. Ok, that was obviously some virus/trojan/whatever. I had to install a new copy of Windows on another partition to clean things up. I found strange executables, services and DLLs almost anywhere. Amongst the other things, user32.dll and ndis.sys had been replaced. A fake software called "Antimalware Doctor" had been installed. There were services with completely random names or even GUIDs (!), and also ones called "IpSect" and "Darkness". There were executable files without an .exe extension. There were even two boot-class drivers, which I'm quite sure are the ones that finally caused the system to crash. A true massacre. Ok, now the questions: What the hell was that?!? It was something more than a simple virus! How did it manage to attack my computer, as I am behind a firewall and was not doing anything even only potentially harmful on the web at the time?

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• Ping Unknown Host on CentOS at EC2

  - by organicveggie

  Weird problem. We have a collection of servers running CentOS 5 on EC2. The setup includes two DNS servers and two LDAP servers. DNS has a CNAME pointing at the primary LDAP server. One machine (and only one machine) is giving me problems. I can ssh into the server using LDAP authentication. But once I'm on the machine, ping won't resolve the LDAP host even though DNS seems to work fine. Here's ping: $ ping ldap.mycompany.ec2 ping: unknown host ldap.mycompany.ec2 Here's the output of dig: $ dig ldap.mycompany.ec2 ; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_5.3 <<>> ldap.studyblue.ec2 ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 2893 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ldap.mycompany.ec2. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: ldap.mycompany.ec2. 3600 IN CNAME ec2-hostname.compute-1.amazonaws.com. ec2-hostname.compute-1.amazonaws.com. 55 IN A aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd ;; Query time: 12 msec ;; SERVER: 10.32.159.xxx#53(10.32.159.xxx) ;; WHEN: Tue May 31 11:16:30 2011 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 107 And here is resolv.conf: $ cat /etc/resolv.conf search mycompany.ec2 nameserver 10.32.159.xxx nameserver 10.244.19.yyy And here is my hosts file: $ cat /etc/hosts 10.122.15.zzz bamboo4 bamboo4.mycompany.ec2 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain And here's nsswitch.conf $ cat /etc/nsswitch.conf passwd: files ldap shadow: files ldap group: files ldap sudoers: ldap files hosts: files dns bootparams: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files ethers: files netmasks: files networks: files protocols: files rpc: files services: files netgroup: files ldap publickey: nisplus automount: files ldap aliases: files nisplus So DNS works the way I would expect. And I can ping the ldap server by ip address. And I can even access the box with SSH using LDAP authentication. Any suggestions?

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• Error sending email to alias with Postfix

  - by Burning the Codeigniter

  I'm on Ubuntu 11.04 64bit. I'm trying to set up Postfix on my VPS, which has been configured but when I send an email to an alias e.g. [email protected] it will send it to [email protected]. Now when I sent the email from my GMail account, I got this returned: Delivery to the following recipient failed permanently: [email protected] Technical details of permanent failure: Google tried to deliver your message, but it was rejected by the recipient domain. We recommend contacting the other email provider for further information about the cause of this error. The error that the other server returned was: 550 550 #5.1.0 Address rejected [email protected] (state 14). ----- Original message ----- DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20120113; h=mime-version:date:message-id:subject:from:to:content-type; bh=R1WtjVRWywfkWCR2g4QKbSjAfUaU9DAAMKbg9UAWqvs=; b=FiSfdhEaV4pEq/76ENlH4tvOgm35Ow3ulRg06kDYrIQTaDf3eOEgfSEgH25PjZuAj/ 7Hg1CL++o6Rt/tl80ZiR2AWekhA0zIn2JkqE7KssMG7WbBmMmbf8V9KDo2jOw+mZv+C/ KDKsQ65AudBZ/NYLDDpTT7MkKf8DzqeGCKj9MAct6sHDoC0wCciXYxNfTf+MKxrZvRHQ oICTkH5LOugKW9wEjPF2AoO8X0qgYmTLYeSUtXxu46VeNKRBGmdRkkpPOoJlQN9ank7i SW6kU6M9bk2bYOgKwV/YPsaantmYlu1XdmYx+kWeJkNJAyYOfXfZZ8WUJhbbFFD9bZCi m/hw== MIME-Version: 1.0 Received: by 10.101.3.5 with SMTP id f5mr783908ani.86.1334247306547; Thu, 12 Apr 2012 09:15:06 -0700 (PDT) Received: by 10.236.73.136 with HTTP; Thu, 12 Apr 2012 09:15:06 -0700 (PDT) Date: Thu, 12 Apr 2012 17:15:06 +0100 Message-ID: <CAN+9S2aB=xjiDxVZx3qYZoBMFD4XuadUyR_3OYWaxw1ecrZmOQ@mail.gmail.com> Subject: Test Email From: My Name <[email protected]> To: [email protected] Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=001636c597eabfd21504bd7da8fd Now that I don't understand why it isn't working, my aliases are set up correctly - I see no error messages being produced in /var/log/mail.log or any other mail logs, which makes it harder for me to debug. This is my postfix configuration (postconf -n): alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no config_directory = /etc/postfix inet_interfaces = all mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION" mailbox_size_limit = 0 mydestination = $mydomain, $myhostname, localhost, localhost.localdomain, localhost mydomain = domain.com myhostname = localhost mynetworks = 192.168.1.0/24 127.0.0.0/8 readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes Does anyone know how to solve this specific issue?

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• Some domain names not resolving on local network

  - by Solignis

  I am not really sure where to start with this one... I have a small network setup with some linux servers (Ubuntu 11.04 Server). 2 servers are running BIND 9 (NS01, NS02), they are configured as master and slave respectively. 1 server is running Zimbra ZCS 7.1.1 (MX01), it has a private BIND 9 server running to achieve a split DNS configuration. This DNS server does not interact with the other two, it forwards queries it can resolve to the other 2 that is it. No zone transfers. Zimbra is hosting 3 domains at the moment, solignis.local, solignis.com, campbellsurvey.net. The problem From with in my network I cannot connect to mail.campbellsurvey.net. When I mean I cannot connect, I mean if I open firefox and type https://mail.campbellsurvey.net I go nowhere, the address is supposed to connect to my Zimbra webmail. But it goes nowhere, the odd thing is if I try the same task from outside of the network it brings the website up like normal. If I try to create an account in thunderbird to connect to the same server using IMAP4 or POP3 I get an error saying that thunderbird cannot find the domain name. Even the zimbra client fails too. It is like from with in my own walls that campbellsurvey.net does not exist. But if step outside I can get it work with no problem at all. I had thought maybe the problem was with the DNS server (BIND 9), so just to eliminate it as a possibility I configured a windows server I use for VMware VCenter as a DNS server to see what would happen. The result was the same, its like something is preventing connections to those domains, but I have checked various firewalls and such. I checked port forwards, etc. So I am running out of ideas I know this is not a lot of information to work from and I can give more details about certain things as needed. I am just trying to figure out what could be going wrong. Any help you could offer would be much appreciated.

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