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  • Using classes for the first time,help in debugging

    - by kaushik
    here is post my code:this is no the entire code but enough to explain my doubt.please discard any code line which u find irrelavent enter code here saving_tree={} isLeaf=False class tree: global saving_tree rootNode=None lispTree=None def __init__(self,x): file=x string=file.readlines() #print string self.lispTree=S_expression(string) self.rootNode=BinaryDecisionNode(0,'Root',self.lispTree) class BinaryDecisionNode: global saving_tree def __init__(self,ind,name,lispTree,parent=None): self.parent=parent nodes=lispTree.getNodes(ind) print nodes self.isLeaf=(nodes[0]==1) nodes=nodes[1]#Nodes are stored self.name=name self.children=[] if self.isLeaf: #Leaf Node print nodes #Set the leaf data self.attribute=nodes print "LeafNode is ",nodes else: #Set the question self.attribute=lispTree.getString(nodes[0]) self.attribute=self.attribute.split() print "Question: ",self.attribute,self.name tree={} tree={str(self.name):self.attribute} saving_tree=tree #Add the children for i in range(1,len(nodes)):#Since node 0 is a question # print "Adding child ",nodes[i]," who has ",len(nodes)-1," siblings" self.children.append(BinaryDecisionNode(nodes[i],self.name+str(i),lispTree,self)) print saving_tree i wanted to save some data in saving_tree{},which i have declared previously and want to use that saving tree in the another function outside the class.when i asked to print saving_tree it printing but,only for that instance.i want the saving_tree{} to have the data to store data of all instance and access it outside. when i asked for print saving_tree outside the class it prints empty{}.. please tell me the required modification to get my required output and use saving_tree{} outside the class..

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  • Removing Item From List - during iteration - what's wrong with this idiom ?

    - by monojohnny
    As an experiment, I did this: letters=['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l'] for i in letters: letters.remove(i) print letters The last print shows that not all items were removed ? (every other was). IDLE 2.6.2 >>> ================================ RESTART ================================ >>> ['b', 'd', 'f', 'h', 'j', 'l'] >>> What's the explanation for this ? How it could this be re-written to remove every item ?

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  • filter queryset based on list, including None

    - by jujule
    Hi all I dont know if its a django bug or a feature but i have a strange ORM behaviour with MySQL. class Status(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length = 50) class Article(models.Model) status = models.ForeignKey(status, blank = True, null=True) filters = Q(status__in =[0, 1,2] ) | Q(status=None) items = Article.objects.filter(filters) this returns Article items but some have other status than requested [0,1,2,None] looking at the sql query : SELECT [..] FROM `app_article` LEFT OUTER JOIN `app_status` ON (`app_article`.`status_id` = `app_status`.`id`) WHERE (`app_article`.`status_id` IN (1, 2) OR `app_status`.`id` IS NULL) ORDER BY [...] the OR app_status.id IS NULL part seems to be the cause. if i change it to OR app_article.status_id IS NULL it works correctly. How to deal with this ? Thanx.

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  • command line arg?

    - by kaushik
    This is a module named XYZ. def func(x) ..... ..... if __name__=="__main__": print func(sys.argv[1]) Now I have imported this module in another code and want to use the func. How can i use it? import XYZ After this, where to give the argument, and syntax on how to call it, please?

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  • How i can do image CROP in OpenCV

    - by Nolik
    How i can do image crop such in PIL in OpenCV. Working example on PIL im = Image.open('0.png').convert('L') im = im.crop((1, 1, 98, 33)) im.save('_0.png') But how i can do it on OpenCV? I wanted to do so im = cv.imread('0.png', cv.CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE) (thresh, im_bw) = cv.threshold(im, 128, 255, cv.THRESH_OTSU) im = cv.getRectSubPix(im_bw, (98, 33), (1, 1)) cv.imshow('Img', im) cv.waitKey(0) But it doesnt work. I think, i wrong use getRectSubPix. If it true, please explain how i can correctly use this function. Thanks.

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  • Pickled my dictionary from ZODB but i got a less in size one?

    - by Someone Someoneelse
    I use ZODB and i want to copy my 'database_1.fs' file to another 'database_2.fs', so I opened the root dictionary of that 'database_1.fs' and I (pickle.dump) it in a text file. Then I (pickle.load) it in a dictionary-variable, in the end I update the root dictionary of the other 'database_2.fs' with the dictionary-variable. It works, but I wonder why the size of the 'database_1.fs' not equal to the size of the other 'database_2.fs'. They are still copies of each other. def openstorage(store): #opens the database data={} data['file']=filestorage data['db']=DB(data['file']) data['conn']=data['db'].open() data['root']=data['conn'].root() return data def getroot(dicty): return dicty['root'] def closestorage(dicty): #close the database after Saving transaction.commit() dicty['file'].close() dicty['db'].close() dicty['conn'].close() transaction.get().abort() then that's what i do:- import pickle loc1='G:\\database_1.fs' op1=openstorage(loc1) root1=getroot(op1) loc2='G:database_2.fs' op2=openstorage(loc2) root2=getroot(op2) >>> len(root1) 215 >>> len(root2) 0 pickle.dump( root1, open( "save.txt", "wb" )) item=pickle.load( open( "save.txt", "rb" ) ) #now item is a dictionary root2.update(item) closestorage(op1) closestorage(op2) #after I open both of the databases #I get the same keys in both databases #But `database_2.fs` is smaller that `database_2.fs` in size I mean. >>> len(root2)==len(root1)==215 #they have the same keys True Note: (1) there are persistent dictionaries and lists in the original database_1.fs (2) both of them have the same length and the same indexes.

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  • Actual SQL statement after bind variables specified

    - by bioffe
    I am trying to log every SQL statement executed from my scripts. However I contemplate one problem I can not overcome. Is there a way to compute actual SQL statement after bind variables were specified. In SQLite I had to compute the statement to be executed manually, using code below: def __sql_to_str__(self, value,args): for p in args: if type(p) is IntType or p is None: value = value.replace("?", str(p) ,1) else: value = value.replace("?",'\'' + p + '\'',1) return value It seems CX_Oracle has cursor.parse() facilities. But I can't figure out how to trick CX_Oracle to compute my query before its execution.

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  • Creating readable html with django templates

    - by rileymat
    When using Django for html templating how do I create good html markup formatting. I am trying to make use of content blocks. But the content blocks show up at different levels of indentation in different templates. How do I get the content blocks to show indented like it would be if someone was to hand write the html. I am having the same problem with newlines; I can smash all the blocks together in the template. At that point the html looks better, but the templates are unmaintainable. I guess the question is how to you create pretty html markup with the django templating system?

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  • Elegant way to add functionallity to previously defined functions

    - by Bastiaan
    How to combine two functions together I have a class controlling some hardware: class Heater() def set_power(self,dutycycle, period) ... def turn_on(self) ... def turn_off(self) And a class that connects to a database and handles all data logging fuctionallity for an experiment: class DataLogger() def __init__(self) # Record measurements and controls in a database def start(self,t) # Starts a new thread to aqcuire and reccord measuements every t secconds Now, in my program recipe.py I want to do something like: log = DataLogger() @DataLogger_decorator H1 = Heater() log.start(60) H1.set_power(10,100) H1.turn_on() sleep(10) H1.turn_off() etc Where all actions on H1 are recorded by the datalogger. I can change any of the classes involved, just looking for an elegant way to do this. Ideally the hardware functions remain separated from the database and DataLogger functions. And ideally the DataLogger is reusable for other controls and measurements.

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  • Indexing over the results returned by selenium

    - by Guy
    Hi I try to index over results returned by an xpath. For example: xpath = '//a[@id="someID"]' can return a few results. I want to get a list of them. I thought that doing: numOfResults = sel.get_xpath_count(xpath) l = [] for i in range(1,numOfResults+1): l.append(sel.get_text('(%s)[%d]'%(xpath, i))) would work because doing something similar with firefox's Xpath checker works: (//a[@id='someID'])[2] returns the 2nd result. Ideas why the behavior would be different and how to do such a thing with selenium Thanks

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  • Defining the hash of an object as the sum of hashes of its members

    - by Space_C0wb0y
    I have a class that represents undirected edges in a graph. Every edge has two members vertex1 and vertex2 representing the vertices it connects. The problem is, that an edge can be specified two directions. My idea was now to define the hash of an edge as the sum of the hashes of its vertices. This way, the direction plays no role anymore, the hash would be the same. Are there any pitfalls with that?

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  • How to get text in QlineEdit when QpushButton is pressed in a string?

    - by esafwan
    I have given my code below, have problem in implementing a function I want the text in lineedit with objectname 'host' in a string say 'shost'. when the user click the pushbutton with name 'connect'.How do i do it? I tried and failed. How to implement this function? import sys from PyQt4.QtCore import * from PyQt4.QtGui import * class Form(QDialog): def __init__(self, parent=None): super(Form, self).__init__(parent) le = QLineEdit() le.setObjectName("host") le.setText("Host") pb = QPushButton() pb.setObjectName("connect") pb.setText("Connect") layout.addWidget(le) layout.addWidget(pb) self.setLayout(layout) self.connect(pb, SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.button_click) self.setWindowTitle("Learning") def button_click(self): #i want the text in lineedit with objectname #'host' in a string say 'shost'. when the user click # the pushbutton with name connect.How do i do it? # I tried and failed. How to implement this function? app = QApplication(sys.argv) form = Form() form.show() app.exec_() Now how do i implement the function "def button_click(self):" ? I have just started with pyQt!

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  • GTK+: How do I process RadioMenuItem choice without marking it chosen? And vise versa

    - by eugene.shatsky
    In my program, I've got a menu with a group of RadioMenuItem entries. Choosing one of them should trigger a function which can either succeed or fail. If it fails, this RadioMenuItem shouldn't be marked chosen (the previous one should persist). Besides, sometimes I want to set marked item without running the choice processing function. Here is my current code: # Update seat menu list def update_seat_menu(self, seats, selected_seat=None): seat_menu = self.builder.get_object('seat_menu') # Delete seat menu items for menu_item in seat_menu: # TODO: is it a good way? does remove() delete obsolete menu_item from memory? if menu_item.__class__.__name__ == 'RadioMenuItem': seat_menu.remove(menu_item) # Fill menu with new items group = [] for seat in seats: menu_item = Gtk.RadioMenuItem.new_with_label(group, str(seat[0])) group = menu_item.get_group() seat_menu.append(menu_item) if str(seat[0]) == selected_seat: menu_item.activate() menu_item.connect("activate", self.choose_seat, str(seat[0])) menu_item.show() # Process item choice def choose_seat(self, entry, seat_name): # Looks like this is called when item is deselected, too; must check if active if entry.get_active(): # This can either succeed or fail self.logind.AttachDevice(seat_name, '/sys'+self.device_syspath, True) Chosen RadioMenuItem gets marked irrespective of the choose_seat() execution result; and the only way to set marked item without triggering choose_seat() is to re-run update_seat_menu() with selected_seat argument, which is an overkill. I tried to connect choose_seat() with 'button-release-event' instead of 'activate' and call entry.activate() in choose_seat() if AttachDevice() succeeds, but this resulted in whole X desktop lockup until AttachDevice() timed out, and chosen item still got marked.

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  • How to get attributes from parent?

    - by bribon
    Hi all, Let's say we have these classes: class Foo(object): _bar = "" def __init__(self): self.bar = "hello" def getBar(self): return self._bar def setBar(self, bar): self._bar = bar def getAttributes(self): for attr in self.__dict__: print attr bar = property(getBar, setBar) class Child(Foo): def __init__(self): super(Child, self).__init__() self.a = "" self.b = "" if I do something like: child = Child() child.getAttributes() I get all the attributes from parent and child. How could I get the attributes only from the parent? Thanks in advance!

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  • What is the proper way to check the previous value of a field before saving an object? (Using Django

    - by anonymous coward
    I have a Django Model with updated_by and an approved_by fields, both are ForeignKey fields to the built-in (auth) User models. I am aware that with updated_by, it's easy enough to simply over-ride the .save() method on the Model, and shove the request.user in that field before saving. However, for approved_by, this field should only ever be filled in when a related field (date_approved) is first filled in. I'm somewhat certain that I can check this logically, and fill in the field if the previous value was empty. What is the proper way to check the previous value of a field before saving an object? I do not anticipate that date_approved will ever be changed or updated, nor should there be any reason to ever update the approved_by entry. UPDATE: Regarding forms/validation, I should have mentioned that none of the fields in question are seen by or editable by users of the site. If I have misunderstood, I'm sorry, but I'm not sure how forms and validation apply to my question.

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  • Preventing a security breach

    - by Wiz
    I am creating a website where you "post", and the form content is saved in a MySql database, and upon loading the page, is retrieved, similar to facebook. I construct all the posts and insert raw html into a template. The thing is, as I was testing, I noticed that I could write javascript or other HTML into the form and submit it, and upon reloading, the html or JS would treated as source code, not a post. I figured that some simple encoding would do the trick, but using is not working. Is there an efficient way to prevent this type of security hole?

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  • if else-if making code look ugly any cleaner solution?

    - by Vishal
    I have around 20 functions (is_func1, is_fucn2, is_func3...) returning boolean I assume there is only one function which returns true and I want that! I am doing: if is_func1(param1, param2): # I pass 1 to following abc(1) # I pass 1 some_list.append(1) elif is_func2(param1, param2): # I pass 2 to following abc(2) # I pass 1 some_list.append(2) ... . . elif is_func20(param1, param2): ... Please note: param1 and param2 are different for each, abc and some_list take parameters depending on the function. The code looks big and there is repetition in calling abc and some_list, I can pull this login in a function! but is there any other cleaner solution? I can think of putting functions in a data structure and loop to call them.

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  • Is there an efficient way to figure out the headers, cookies, and get/post data being passed to a si

    - by kryptobs2000
    More specifically I'm looking for something, perhaps an add-on for firefox, once enabled it logs all of this information as it's passed to and from the server. I'm doing some web scripting and this would be really handy. If anyone is wondering specifically what I'm doing currently I'm trying to make a script to repost my craigslist ad every 2 days since I handle a few things on there. Might even go so far as to make a simple gui to manage the submissions. I do suspect this goes against the ToS, for that reason I don't plan to release the code. Besides cl is already bad enough with spam, I'm not trying to contribute further to it, figured I'd say what I'm doing for the sake of being honest though. I don't have any bad intentions with this, just some things I've been trying to sell an ad for my pc repair business. I've been reposting some things for months now and so often I just forget to do it.

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  • Common elements comparison between 2 lists.

    - by Daniel
    def common_elements(list1, list2): """ Return a list containing the elements which are in both list1 and list2 >>> common_elements([1,2,3,4,5,6], [3,5,7,9]) [3, 5] >>> common_elements(['this','this','n','that'],['this','not','that','that']) ['this', 'that'] """ for element in list1: if element in list2: return list(element) Got that so far, but can't seem to get it to work! Thanks

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  • Changing direction of rotation Pygame

    - by czl
    How would you change the direction of a rotating image/rect in Pygame? Applying positive and negative degree values works but it seems to only be able to rotate one direction throughout my window. Is there a way to ensure a change in direction of rotation? Perhaps change up rotation of a spinning image every 5 seconds, or if able to change the direction of the spin when hitting a X or Y axis. I've added some code below. It seems like switching movement directions is easy with rect.move_ip as long as I specify a speed and have location clause, it does what I want. Unfortunately rotation is't like that. Here I'l adding angles to make sure it spins, but no matter what I try, I'm unable to negate the rotation. def rotate_image(self): #rotate image orig_rect = self.image.get_rect() rot_image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.image, self.angle) rot_rect = orig_rect.copy() rot_rect.center = rot_image.get_rect().center rot_image = rot_image.subsurface(rot_rect).copy() return rot_image def render(self): self.screen.fill(self.bg_color) self.rect.move_ip(0,5) #Y axis movement at 5 px per frame self.angle += 5 #add 5 anglewhen the rect has not hit one of the window self.angle %= 360 if self.rect.left < 0 or self.rect.right > self.width: self.speed[0] = -self.speed[0] self.angle = -self.angle #tried to invert the angle self.angle -= 5 #trying to negate the angle rotation self.angle %= 360 self.screen.blit(self.rotate_image(),self.rect) pygame.display.flip() I would really like to know how to invert rotation of a image. You may provide your own examples.

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  • How to compare two lists with duplicated items in one list?

    - by eladc
    I need to compare list_a against many others. my problem starts when there's a duplicated item in the other lists (two k's in other_b). my goal is to filter out all the lists with the same items (up to three matching items). list_a = ['j','k','a','7'] other_b = ['k', 'j', 'k', 'q'] other_c = ['k','k','9','k'] >>>filter(lambda x: not x in list_a,other_b) ['q'] I need a way that would return ['k', 'q'], because 'k' appears only once in list_a. comparing list_a and other_c with set() isn't good for my purpose since it will return only one element: k. while I need ['k','9','k'] I hope I was clear enough. Thank you

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