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• Munin "Available entropy" when using adress space layout randomization

  - by clawspoon

  Having just configured munin for statistics logging on my gentoo server (hardened profile), I am noticing that my "Available entropy" is consitently in the 200-300 range. This seems way to low, so I checked it manually using the command $ cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail 3544 Odd. Consistently very low values in Munin and practically filled up when checking manually. After thinking about the problem for a while I came to the conclusion that the problem is probably that I'm using Adress Space Layout Randomization which is using the entropy when running commands/programs. Since Munin runs a whole slew of programs all the entropy is used up, and Munin then measures how much entropy there is, resulting in the low values. Does anyone have any experience with this? How can this be avoided?

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• Sound plays on headphones and speakers with Lenovo ThinkPad L512 + Ubuntu 10

  - by Oscar Godson

  The only thing really missing from this install is this issue with the sound. I've searched all over the forums and i found one thing where you get the model and codecs and write them to a file, however, I can't seem to find what my "model" is because none of the postings have anything about Lenovo laptops. Here is the command they all asked for: Code: cat /proc/asound/card0/codec#* | grep Codec Codec: Realtek ALC269 Codec: Intel G45 DEVIBX With that info, how do I get the model, and how do I get my speakers to stop playing when headphones are plugged in. Also, I don't have any software installed like pulse audio either, so it's not that. Thanks so much to whoever can answer this... The Ubuntu forums are nearly useless... ive never gotten a correct answer back on that site.

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• Modify PATH variable for X11 during log-in

  - by user1028435

  I am working on some lab computers (read: no administrative rights) that, if I log in, I need to change the PATH variable as X11 starts. The reason is that I need to change the PATH variable at this time, as opposed to later, is that the Print Screen command seems to "bind" during login (forgive my bad explanation of this). Currently, I have a .bashrc script as a workaround: #!/bin/bash export PATH=/home/username/bin:$PATH I can make it work by starting a new X, but I was wondering if it is possible to change upon login. cat /etc/redhat-release tells me my distribution is: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client release 5.8 (Tikanga)

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• Cygwin creates files with special (shared) icons on windows

  - by barjonah

  I use cygwin to transfer files between linux and windows machines. Everytime I transfer a file to a windows machine it adds an extra shared user icon on the file's or folder's icon itself. This also happens if I create a file from cygwin on windows using pretty much any command: echo, vim, nano, cat. This is what the cygwin-created folders (and files) look like. This is what a normal folder (or file) looks like. I'm thinking it has to do with permission, because I'd have to chmod it everytime if I want other applications to access the files or folders on windows. How can I tell cygwin to create regular ol' files just like a user or any program would?

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• Ubuntu server 12.04.03 not checking disk partitions on reboot?

  - by jamesc

  My MOTD is showing: *** /dev/md2 will be checked for errors at next reboot *** *** /dev/md1 will be checked for errors at next reboot *** *** /dev/md3 will be checked for errors at next reboot *** However, a standard sudo shutdown -r now does not appear to check the disks and the message remains. My guess is that the partitions 'should' be checked and that they are not being... so how can I get Ubuntu to check the partitions at reboot and keep things nice and safe? Update - this is the output of cat /etc/fstab proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 /dev/md/0 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/md/1 /boot ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/md/2 / ext4 defaults 0 0 /dev/md/3 /home ext4 defaults 0 0 Update 2 - One message gone... Using @christianwolff's suggestions... sudo rm /var/lib/update-notifier/fsck-at-reboot sudo touch /forcefsck sudo shutdown -r now And now the motd is down to *** /dev/md1 will be checked for errors at next reboot *** *** /dev/md3 will be checked for errors at next reboot *** So 'md2(ext4)' has been checked and the message updated.

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• Mail being sent as root on Ubuntu 14.04

  - by Benjamin Allison

  I'm really struggling with this. I'm trying to set up this server to send mail using Gmail's SMTP. Google keeps bouncing the messages, saying that that Authentication is required: smtp.gmail.com[74.125.196.109]:25: 530-5.5.1 Authentication Required. Learn more at smtp.gmail.com[74.125.196.109]:25: 530 5.5.1 http://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?answer=14257 But it seems my server is trying to send mail as [email protected]. I'm baffled. Here's what I've done so far: Updated mail.cf relayhost = [smtp.gmail.com]:587 smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/cacert.pem smtp_use_tls = yes Created /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd: [smtp.gmail.com]:587 [email protected]:password Then did the following: sudo chmod 400 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd sudo postmap /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd cat /etc/ssl/certs/Thawte_Premium_Server_CA.pem | sudo tee -a /etc/postfix/cacert.pem service postfix restart I can't for the life me get a mail message to send, or change the default mail user from [email protected] to [email protected] (FWIW, I'm using Google Apps, that's why it's not a .gmail address).

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• Looking for Unix tool/script that, given an input path, will compress every batch of uncompressed 100MB text files into a single gzip file

  - by newToFlume

  I have a dump of thousands of small text files (1-5MB) large, each containing lines of text. I need to "batch" them up, so that each batch is of a fixed size - say 100MB, and compress that batch. Now that batch could be: A single file that is just a 'cat' of the contents of the individual text files, or Just the individual text files themselves Caveats: unix split -b will not work here as I need to keep lines of text intact. Using the lines option is a bit complicated as there is a large variance in the number of bytes in each line. The files need not be a fixed size strictly, as long as it's within 5% of the requested size The lines are critical, and should not be lost: I need to confirm that the input made its way to output without loss - what rolling checksum (something like CRC32, BUT better/"stronger" in face of collisions) A script should do nicely, but this seems like a task someone has done before, and it would be nice to see some code (preferably python or ruby) that does atleast something similar.

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• Ubuntu 12.04: Unable to add or delete a user named 'mysql'

  - by Afaque H

  I am trying to install MySql on Ubuntu 12.04 but the installation is failing with the error: "Can't change to run as user 'mysql'. Check if the user 'mysql' exits." So I go ahead type in the command : 'cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql' and result is null. I try to add a user 'mysql' by issuing the command 'useradd mysql'/. But it fails with the message: 'useradd: user 'mysql' already exists'. When I try to delete the user 'mysql' using the command 'userdel mysql' it also fails with the message "userdel: cannot remove entry 'mysql' from /etc/passwd." Can anyone explain me what's going on and suggest a solution.

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• Boot Loop contiues [closed]

  - by user1894750

  I am facing boot loop. My backend Linux works flawlessly, But the Zygote and System server does not workout. I can still use ADB and LIVE cat .. ps show that both Zygote and system_server process are there, But boot animation remains forever !! I have : 1 Wiped Data + Cache Partition 2 System Partition has been RESTORED.. There is NO PERMISSION problem... I think that there is *problem with Zygote and System_server ..* my device: Karbonn A9+ Dual Core Snap Dragon 1.2 Ghz Ram 386MB OS : ICS 4.04 Any suggestions ??

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• TOP CPU usage for whole system

  - by heike

  I am using a machine that has using cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l returning 8 I am trying to load the server using a load generator that I wrote, and capture the behaviour of TOP command for idle (as the software that is tested on server runs on ROOT). Doing the load as an increasing step function, I capture the idle state every second, and see the result. Strange thing is that when I increase the load every 1 minute, the idle state is infact increasing (??). This honestly does not make sense .. I thought with more load, the idle state will decrease, and the cpu usage will increase. Is there any reasonable explanation for this behaviour, maybe for the server utilization itself? Thanks for any feedback -- ok, no idea for the down vote. but I try to find this behaviour a lot, can not find any reasonable things to explain this ..

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• Redirect physical keyboard input to SSH

  - by Dimme

  I'm having a raspberry pi running debian linux and I have an RFID reader connected to it. The RFID reader behaves like a keyboard. Every time I scan a tag it types then number of the tag and then carriage return. My problem is that I want to redirect the output of the RFID reader to my SSH session. That means anything that is typed to the physical keyboard of the pi should be displayed in my SSH window. I have tried with: cat /dev/tty0 but it wont work because the user is not logged in. Is there a way to disable the login screen after the pi boots and then redirect all input through SSH?

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• Shell Script to Start Mysql Server if not running

  - by user103373

  I have written a shell script to start mysql server & send a mail to admin user if it's restarted via shell script. What i am facing an issue if I run this shell script on terminal it's work perfectly & If same script runs via cronjob it's only sending the mail to the user & problem remains same. Is this problem relates to permission & how can i resolve it. Shell Script-------- #!/bin/bash EMAIL="[email protected]" SERVICE='mysql' if ps ax | grep -v grep | grep $SERVICE > /dev/null then echo "$SERVICE service running, everything is fine" else echo "$SERVICE is not running" /etc/init.d/mysql start cat <<EOF | msmtp -a gmail $EMAIL Subject: "Alert (Test Server) : Mysql Service is not running (Manually Restarted)" Mysql Server Restarted at: `date` EOF EXIT I am using msmtp for sending mail to the user on ubuntu 12.04 Server.

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• Asterisk is hacking itself [duplicate]

  - by Shirker

  This question already has an answer here: How do I deal with a compromised server? 11 answers I've got some strange logs on my asterisk (and there a lot of extensions were tried): chan_sip.c: Failed to authenticate device 6006<sip:[email protected]>;tag=f106f3fe but IP XX.XX.XX.39 is its OWN IP! cat /etc/asterisk/* | grep 6006 returns nothing. asterisk -rv Asterisk 11.4.0 How its possible, that its hacks itself? And how could I trace, where it comes from?

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• Trac permission denied for SVN repo

  - by plesatejvlk

  I'm running Apache2,SVN & Trac on OpenSUSE. SVN works like a charm. I've initialized trac environment for one of my SVN repositories for trac to show source code in it's repo browser and I set the repository up in the Trac web admin. I also ran the trac-admin resync for that repo without problems. Trouble is when I open the Trac repo browser I get: "can't open file: /srv/svn/repos/myrepo/format, access denied)" error. I checked the permissions and: apache runs as wwwrun tracd runs as wwwrun the whole subtree /srv/svn/... belongs to svn group and the group has rw perms all the way down to the "format" file wwwrun is in the svn group I also did the perms check: $ sudo -u wwwrun cat /srv/svn/repos/myrepo/format and got it printed out without trouble. So in my opinion there shoud not be any permission conflict. Any idea what else to check? Thanks in advance!

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• How to connect another computer to the router

  - by Call Me Dummy

  I already have a Windows 7 PC connected to my NETGEAR WGR614v10 router and I am able to use internet in that computer. Now I need to connect one of my old computer to the router to share the internet. It's also running Windows 7. I already connected it to the router via a CAT-5 cable but I am not able to use internet. The first computer was set up by a technician. Its IP address is 192.168.1.3, and the default gateway is 192.168.1.1. On the second PC, I changed the IPv4 to 192.168.1.4 and default gateway and preferred DNS to 192.168.1.1, but it's not working. What can I do?

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• Automatic profile load on boot

  - by AnthonyW

  Is there any way to configure a computer to login automatically at bootup and then IMMEDIATELY switch users? The purpose is to trigger the profile loading process for the assumed user so that when they go to login, their profile loads instantaneously. Yet, the immediate user switch means that the login password is still required before any actual use. A few of the attempts I have made require storing the password in plain-text for the system to use. Needless to say that is undesireable. I have been looking for this solution for years; if anyone knows of a better solution to skinning this cat I am all ears. EDIT: tsdiscon command will Lock the workstation.

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• Solaris kstat sdX disk nread counter value decreasing

  - by mykhal

  I get strange disk io nread (bytes read) counter values (from kstat) on Solaris. Example of collected nread value for sd6 disk collected in 30s interval (command kstat -n sd6): 768579416 768579416 768579416 768579416 768579416 768579416 768579416 768496080 768496080 768496080 768496080 768496080 768496080 768496080 768496080 768530896 768530896 768447560 768447560 768447560 One would suppose that the relative read bytes count can't be negative.. I wonder what can couse this situation and whether there is more reliable disk io data available. Some info about the system: machine:~ # uname -a SunOS machine 5.10 Generic_127112-11 i86pc i386 i86pc machine:~ # cat /etc/release Solaris 10 11/06 s10x_u3wos_10 X86 Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Assembled 14 November 2006

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• Clearing the terminal before displaying MOTD

  - by user1417933

  When I connect to my SSH server, it prompts me for the user name and password. After I have authenticated, it will display my MOTD, then show user prompt, like this: Using username "root". Authenticating with public key "everssh" this is my motd root@debian:~# I want to edit some file so that the screen is cleared before the MOTD prints (so basically calling the clear command would do). I heard that the MOTD is displayed by using cat /etc/motd in a startup file, however after searching around I can't find where it is called from. Does anyone know how I can find it?

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• Mac OS X keeps "old" environment variable around

  - by Xymak1y

  So far I had /Applications/play-1.2.5/ added to my $PATH variable. Now I'm working with 2.2.1, which I installed in /Applications/play-2.2.1 and changed in ~/.bash_profile (which is getting sourced at startup). However, when printing $PATH, 1.2.5 is somehow still around: mbp:~ user$ echo $PATH /usr/local/share/npm/bin:/Applications/play-2.2.1:/usr/local/heroku/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/Applications/play-1.2.5:/Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/bin/:/opt/X11/bin As far as I now, I only entered $PATH variables in .bash_profile, which looks like this: mbp:~ user$ cat .bash_profile source ~/.git-completion.bash ### Added by the Heroku Toolbelt export PATH="/usr/local/heroku/bin:$PATH" ### Play Framework export PATH="/Applications/play-2.2.1:$PATH" export PATH="/usr/local/share/npm/bin:$PATH" I'm also not sure where the XAMPP extension to the variable comes from. Can I see somewhere which other files are being sourced on startup?

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• High system cpu load (%sys), system locks

  - by Mark

  For the last two weeks we are having intermittent severe spikes in system cpu usage (shown as %sys), which last for maybe half a minute, locking most processes, including ssh. I've been trying to figure this out, but atop doesn't show anything relevant (system usage for processes it shows is insignificant), spikes are intermittent and I could not reproduce the spike using any workload for the web application this webserver hosts. If you have any ideas on how to debug high %sys and (sometimes) %si CPU usage, please share them. System specs (don't know if any of this is relevant): Dedicated server, CentOS 6, core i7 950, consistent 4 to 8 GB RAM free at any time, hard drives are in RAID-1. Additional info: dmesg output doesn't change between spikes /var/log/messages doesn't change between spikes Here is cat /proc/vmstat Here is output of mpstat 1 during a typical spike Add 07.11.11: looks like simple reboot restored system state, and we might never know what caused the disturbance in first place.

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• Dump vim screen into a file

  - by user18151

  I need to dump whatever is seen on the vim screen as it is, with colors and everything. Is there a way do to id. I am hoping that ncurses uses the same escape sequence for colors as bash. So when I'll do cat on the file that I've dumped the screen to, I should get the same output as the vim file. I want to use it in the scenario when I am doing a side by side colorful diff of files and need to print them. If anyone knows of any other side-by-side colorful diff programs, please feel free to mention in the comments (not answers because I am hoping that this question will be answered so that it can be used by others).

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• Managing multiple ssh keys

  - by Mathijs Kwik

  I have a lot of ssh keys, they are all passphrase protected and managed by ssh-agent. As a result of this, I am now getting "Too many authentication failures" on some connections. As has been explained on this site before, this is because ssh will try all keys the agent throws at it. The proposed solution is to use IdentitiesOnly in the config, together with an IdentityFile. While this indeed stops offering wrong keys, it seems it completely disables the agent in full, so now I have to type the passphrase on every connection. I could not find clear info about this. Does IdentitiesOnly just disable getting keys from ssh-agent in full? Or should it just block out the keys that aren't mentioned? Thanks, Mathijs # here's my config ~% cat .ssh/config Host bluemote HostName some.host.com IdentitiesOnly yes IdentityFile /home/mathijs/.ssh/keys/bluebook_ecdsa # I had the key loaded into the agent, shown here ~% ssh-add -L ecdsa-sha2-nistp521 SOME_LONG_BASE64_NUMBER== /home/mathijs/.ssh/keys/bluebook_ecdsa # but it doesn't seem to get used ~% ssh bluemote Enter passphrase for key '/home/mathijs/.ssh/keys/bluebook_ecdsa':

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• What's the best practice for taking MySQL dump, encrypting it and then pushing to s3?

  - by HalogenCreative

  This current project requires that the DB be dumped, encrypted and pushed to s3. I'm wondering what might be some "best practices" for such a task. As of now I'm using a pretty straight ahead method but would like to have some better ideas where security is concerned. Here is the start of my script: mysqldump -u root --password="lepass" --all-databases --single-transaction > db.backup.sql tar -c db.backup.sql | openssl des3 -salt --passphrase foopass > db.backup.tarfile s3put backup/db.backup.tarfile db.backup.tarfile # Let's pull it down again and untar it for kicks s3get surgeryflow-backup/db/db.backup.tarfile db.backup.tarfile cat db.backup.tarfile | openssl des3 -d -salt --passphrase foopass |tar -xvj Obviously the problem is that this script everything an attacker would need to raise hell. Any thoughts, critiques and suggestions for this task will be appreciated.

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• How can I set `less` or `more` max lines (scrollable height) limit/boundary in linux?

  - by Rudie

  (Sorry for the title. Any suggestions?) I've set my commandline PS1 to cover 3 lines: white space user, server and pwd $ or # to input I think less (or more?) is configured to break after window's height - 1, because when I do a $ git log, the first two lines are invisible at the top of the window and the rest is scrollable. I'm not sure who handles this scrolling and its configuration, but I assume GIT uses less/more. Where can I configure that my scrollable window is window height - 3 lines and not window height - 1? More info: If I cat lines.txt | less with a 23 line file, it shows the entire file and no scrolling. If I do the same with a 24 line file, it doesn't show line 1 (and no scrolling). With 25 lines: doesn't show lines 1 and 2 (and no scrolling). With 26 lines: shows line 1 and scrolling! The less breakpoint is at the wrong height...

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• Pressing zero key brings up lock/switch user screen in W7

  - by qinghua

  This issue started after my cat walked all over the keyboard... Whenever I press the "zero" key, the screen goes black and I'm taken to the lock/switch user screen. The other functions of the key work fine - it can produce ) and / like usual. Numlock is off, and as far as I know, my computer doesn't have Function Lock. If I log out of my user account and sign in as a guest, the "zero" works again, but if I create a new user profile, it doesn't work. I get the same issue when I hit "zero" using the on-screen keyboard. My keyboard layout is set to US English. I've uninstalled and reinstalled the ATK package, and updated my keyboard drivers. I have an ASUS U43JC-X1 laptop running Windows 7, and I haven't installed any new programs lately.

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