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  • Problem with memset after an instance of a user defined class is created and a file is opened

    - by Liberalkid
    I'm having a weird problem with memset, that was something to do with a class I'm creating before it and a file I'm opening in the constructor. The class I'm working with normally reads in an array and transforms it into another array, but that's not important. The class I'm working with is: #include <vector> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; class PreProcess { public: PreProcess(char* fileName,char* outFileName); void SortedOrder(); private: vector< vector<double > > matrix; void SortRow(vector<double> &row); char* newFileName; vector< pair<double,int> > rowSorted; }; The other functions aren't important, because I've stopped calling them and the problem persists. Essentially I've narrowed it down to my constructor: PreProcess::PreProcess(char* fileName,char* outFileName):newFileName(outFileName){ ifstream input(fileName); input.close(); //this statement is inconsequential } I also read in the file in my constructor, but I've found that the problem persists if I don't read in the matrix and just open the file. Essentially I've narrowed it down to if I comment out those two lines the memset works properly, otherwise it doesn't. Now to the context of the problem I'm having with it: I wrote my own simple wrapper class for matrices. It doesn't have much functionality, I just need 2D arrays in the next part of my project and having a class handle everything makes more sense to me. The header file: #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Matrix{ public: Matrix(int r,int c); int &operator()(int i,int j) {//I know I should check my bounds here return matrix[i*columns+j]; } ~Matrix(); const void Display(); private: int *matrix; const int rows; const int columns; }; Driver: #include "Matrix.h" #include <string> using namespace std; Matrix::Matrix(int r,int c):rows(r),columns(c) { matrix=new int[rows*columns]; memset(matrix,0,sizeof(matrix)); } const void Matrix::Display(){ for(int i=0;i<rows;i++){ for(int j=0;j<columns;j++) cout << (*this)(i,j) << " "; cout << endl; } } Matrix::~Matrix() { delete matrix; } My main program runs: PreProcess test1(argv[1],argv[2]); //test1.SortedOrder(); Matrix test(10,10); test.Display(); And when I run this with the input line uncommented I get: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1371727776 32698 -1 0 0 0 0 0 6332656 0 -1 -1 0 0 6332672 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1371732704 32698 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I really don't have a clue what's going on in memory to cause this, on a side note if I replace memset with: for(int i=0;i<rows*columns;i++) *(matrix+i) &= 0x0; Then it works perfectly, it also works if I don't open the file. If it helps I'm running GCC 64-bit version 4.2.4 on Ubuntu.I assume there's some functionality of memset that I'm not properly understanding.

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  • Qt - reloading widget contents

    - by bullettime
    I'm trying to modify the fridge magnets example by adding a button that will reload the widget where the draggable labels are drawn, reflecting any changes made to the text file it reads. I defined another class that would contain the button and the DragWidget object, so there would be an instance of this class instead of DragWidget in main(): class wrapWidget: public QWidget { public: wrapWidget(); }; wrapWidget::wrapWidget() { QGridLayout *gridlayout = new QGridLayout(); DragWidget *w = new DragWidget(); QPushButton *b = new QPushButton("refresh"); gridlayout ->addWidget(w,0,0); gridlayout ->addWidget(b,1,0); setLayout(gridlayout ); connect(b,SIGNAL(clicked()),w,SLOT(draw())); } The call to connect is where I'm trying to do the refresh thing. In the original fridge magnets example, all the label drawing code was inside the constructor of the DragWidget class. I moved that code to a public method that I named 'draw()', and called this method from the constructor instead. Here's DragWidget definition and implementation: #include <QWidget> QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE class QDragEnterEvent; class QDropEvent; QT_END_NAMESPACE class DragWidget : public QWidget { public: DragWidget(QWidget *parent = 0); public slots: void draw(); protected: void dragEnterEvent(QDragEnterEvent *event); void dragMoveEvent(QDragMoveEvent *event); void dropEvent(QDropEvent *event); void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event); void paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event); }; DragWidget::DragWidget(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent) { draw(); QPalette newPalette = palette(); newPalette.setColor(QPalette::Window, Qt::white); setPalette(newPalette); setMinimumSize(400, 100);//qMax(200, y)); setWindowTitle(tr("Fridge Magnets")); setAcceptDrops(true); } void DragWidget::draw(){ QFile dictionaryFile(":/dictionary/words.txt"); dictionaryFile.open(QFile::ReadOnly); QTextStream inputStream(&dictionaryFile); int x = 5; int y = 5; while (!inputStream.atEnd()) { QString word; inputStream >> word; if (!word.isEmpty()) { DragLabel *wordLabel = new DragLabel(word, this); wordLabel->move(x, y); wordLabel->show(); wordLabel->setAttribute(Qt::WA_DeleteOnClose); x += wordLabel->width() + 2; if (x >= 245) { x = 5; y += wordLabel->height() + 2; } } } } I thought that maybe calling draw() as a slot would be enough to reload the labels, but it didn't work. Putting the draw() call inside the widget's overriden paintEvent() instead of the constructor didn't work out as well, the program would end up in an infinite loop. What I did was obviously not the right way of doing it, so what should I be doing instead?

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  • How to make Spring accept fluent (non-void) setters?

    - by Chris
    Hi, I have an API which I am turning into an internal DSL. As such, most methods in my PoJos return a reference to this so that I can chain methods together declaratively as such (syntactic sugar). myComponent .setID("MyId") .setProperty("One") .setProperty2("Two") .setAssociation(anotherComponent) .execute(); My API does not depend on Spring but I wish to make it 'Spring-Friendly' by being PoJo friendly with zero argument constructors, getters and setters. The problem is that Spring seems to not detect my setter methods when I have a non-void return type. The return type of this is very convenient when chaining together my commands so I don't want to destroy my programmatic API just be to compatible with Spring injection. Is there a setting in Spring to allow me to use non-void setters? Chris

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  • How to make Spring accept non-void setters?

    - by Chris
    Hi, I have an API which I am turning into an internal DSL. As such, most methods in my PoJos return a reference to this so that I can chain methods together declaratively as such (syntactic sugar). myComponent .setID("MyId") .setProperty("One","1") .setProperty("Two","2") .setAssociation(anotherComponent) .execute(); My API does not depend on Spring but I wish to make it 'Spring-Friendly' by being PoJo friendly with zero argument constructors, getters and setters. The problem is that Spring seems to not detect my setter methods when I have a non-void return type. The return type of this is very convenient when chaining together my commands so I don't want to destroy my programmatic API just be to compatible with Spring injection. Is there a setting in Spring to allow me to use non-void setters? Chris

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  • Chain LINQ IQueryable, and end with Stored Procedure

    - by Alex
    I'm chaining search criteria in my application through IQueryable extension methods, e.g.: public static IQueryable<Fish> AtAge (this IQueryable<Fish> fish, Int32 age) { return fish.Where(f => f.Age == age); } However, I also have a full text search stored procedure: CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[Fishes_FullTextSearch] @searchtext nvarchar(4000), @limitcount int AS SELECT Fishes.* FROM Fishes INNER JOIN CONTAINSTABLE(Fishes, *, @searchtext, @limitcount) AS KEY_TBL ON Fishes.Id = KEY_TBL.[KEY] ORDER BY KEY_TBL.[Rank] The stored procedure obviously doesn't return IQueryable, however, is it possible to somehow limit the result set for the stored procedure using IQueryable's? I'm envisioning something like .AtAge(5).AboveWeight(100).Fishes_FulltextSearch("abc"). In this case, the fulltext search should execute on a smaller subset of my Fishes table (narrowed by Age and Weight). Is something like this possible? Sample code?

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  • named_scope or find_by_sql?

    - by keruilin
    I have three models: User Award Trophy The associations are: User has many awards Trophy has many awards Award belongs to user Award belongs to trophy User has many trophies through awards Therefore, user_id is a fk in awards, and trophy_id is a fk in awards. In the Trophy model, which is an STI model, there's a trophy_type column. I want to return a list of users who have been awarded a specific trophy -- (trophy_type = 'GoldTrophy'). Users can be awarded the same trophy more than once. (I don't want distinct results.) Can I use a named_scope? How about chaining them? Or do I need to use find_by_sql? Either way, how would I code it?

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  • Application of a rule based expert system

    - by simon
    Hi, The company I am working now has developed a Rule-based Expert System. It is a web-based system and supports Flow Chart, Decision Table, Fuzzy Rules and Forward Chaining Rules. It is something like iLog but less complex and powerful. However, one serious problem we are facing now is that we have NO CUSTOMER so far. We have spent 4 yrs to develop that product. Because my company is a start-up and has no reference, no one is confident in our product. Without feedback, we cannot improve our product. I am wondering if we should change our product into SAAS and make it free for people to try, or it has NO MARKET at all. (I will lose my job then..) Please give me some suggestions. Many Thanks!

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  • Hash Table: Should I increase the element count on collisions?

    - by Nazgulled
    Hi, Right now my hash tables count the number of every element inserted into the hash table. I use this count, with the total hash table size, to calculate the load factor and when it reaches like 70%, I rehash it. I was thinking that maybe I should only count the inserted elements with fills an empty slot instead of all of them. Cause the collision method I'm using is separate chaining. The factor load keeps increasing but if there can be a few collisions leaving lots of empty slots on the hash table. You are probably thinking that if I have that many collisions, maybe I'm not using the best hashing method. But that's not the point, I'm using one of the know hashing algorithms out there, I tested 3 of them on my sample data and selected the one who produced less collisions. My question still remains. Should I keep counting every element inserted, or just the ones that fill an empty slot in the Hash Table?

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  • Is it a missing implementation with JPA implementation of hibernate??

    - by Jegan
    Hi all, On my way in understanding the transaction-type attribute of persistence.xml, i came across an issue / discrepency between hibernate-core and JPA-hibernate which looks weird. I am not pretty sure whether it is a missing implementation with JPA of hibernate. Let me post the comparison between the outcome of JPA implementation and the hibernate implementation of the same concept. Environment Eclipse 3.5.1 JSE v1.6.0_05 Hibernate v3.2.3 [for hibernate core] Hibernate-EntityManger v3.4.0 [for JPA] MySQL DB v5.0 Issue 1.Hibernate core package com.expt.hibernate.core; import java.io.Serializable; public final class Student implements Serializable { private int studId; private String studName; private String studEmailId; public Student(final String studName, final String studEmailId) { this.studName = studName; this.studEmailId = studEmailId; } public int getStudId() { return this.studId; } public String getStudName() { return this.studName; } public String getStudEmailId() { return this.studEmailId; } private void setStudId(int studId) { this.studId = studId; } private void setStudName(String studName) { this.studName = stuName; } private void setStudEmailId(int studEmailId) { this.studEmailId = studEmailId; } } 2. JPA implementaion of Hibernate package com.expt.hibernate.jpa; import java.io.Serializable; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table; @Entity @Table(name = "Student_Info") public final class Student implements Serializable { @Id @GeneratedValue @Column(name = "STUD_ID", length = 5) private int studId; @Column(name = "STUD_NAME", nullable = false, length = 25) private String studName; @Column(name = "STUD_EMAIL", nullable = true, length = 30) private String studEmailId; public Student(final String studName, final String studEmailId) { this.studName = studName; this.studEmailId = studEmailId; } public int getStudId() { return this.studId; } public String getStudName() { return this.studName; } public String getStudEmailId() { return this.studEmailId; } } Also, I have provided the DB configuration properties in the associated hibernate-cfg.xml [in case of hibernate core] and persistence.xml [in case of JPA (hibernate entity manager)]. create a driver and perform add a student and query for the list of students and print their details. Then the issue comes when you run the driver program. Hibernate core - output Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.InstantiationException: No default constructor for entity: com.expt.hibernate.core.Student at org.hibernate.tuple.PojoInstantiator.instantiate(PojoInstantiator.java:84) at org.hibernate.tuple.PojoInstantiator.instantiate(PojoInstantiator.java:100) at org.hibernate.tuple.entity.AbstractEntityTuplizer.instantiate(AbstractEntityTuplizer.java:351) at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.instantiate(AbstractEntityPersister.java:3604) .... .... This exception is flashed when the driver is executed for the first time itself. JPA Hibernate - output First execution of the driver on a fresh DB provided the following output. DEBUG SQL:111 - insert into student.Student_Info (STUD_EMAIL, STUD_NAME) values (?, ?) 17:38:24,229 DEBUG SQL:111 - select student0_.STUD_ID as STUD1_0_, student0_.STUD_EMAIL as STUD2_0_, student0_.STUD_NAME as STUD3_0_ from student.Student_Info student0_ student list size == 1 1 || Jegan || [email protected] second execution of the driver provided the following output. DEBUG SQL:111 - insert into student.Student_Info (STUD_EMAIL, STUD_NAME) values (?, ?) 17:40:25,254 DEBUG SQL:111 - select student0_.STUD_ID as STUD1_0_, student0_.STUD_EMAIL as STUD2_0_, student0_.STUD_NAME as STUD3_0_ from student.Student_Info student0_ Exception in thread "main" javax.persistence.PersistenceException: org.hibernate.InstantiationException: No default constructor for entity: com.expt.hibernate.jpa.Student at org.hibernate.ejb.AbstractEntityManagerImpl.throwPersistenceException(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:614) at org.hibernate.ejb.QueryImpl.getResultList(QueryImpl.java:76) at driver.StudentDriver.main(StudentDriver.java:43) Caused by: org.hibernate.InstantiationException: No default constructor for entity: com.expt.hibernate.jpa.Student .... .... Could anyone please let me know if you have encountered this sort of inconsistency? Also, could anyone please let me know if the issue is a missing implementation with JPA-Hibernate? ~ Jegan

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  • Evaluating Django Chained QuerySets Locally

    - by jnadro52
    Hello All: I am hoping someone can help me out with a quick question I have regarding chaining Django querysets. I am noticing a slow down because I am evaluating many data points in the database to create data trends. I was wondering if there was a way to have the chained filters evaluated locally instead of hitting the database. Here is a (crude) example: pastries = Bakery.objects.filter(productType='pastry') # <--- will obviously always hit DB, when evaluated cannoli = pastries.filter(specificType='cannoli') # <--- can this be evaluated locally instead of hitting the DB when evaluated, as long as pastries was evaluated? I have checked the docs and I do not see anything specifying this, so I guess it's not possible, but I wanted to check with the 'braintrust' first ;-). BTW - I know that I can do this myself by implementing some methods to loop through these datapoints and evaluate the criteria, but there are so many datapoints that my deadline does not permit me manually implementing this. Thanks in advance.

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  • Why is the this-pointer needed to access inherited attributes?

    - by Shadow
    Hi, assume the following class is given: class Base{ public: Base() {} Base( const Base& b) : base_attr(b.base_attr) {} void someBaseFunction() { .... } protected: SomeType base_attr; }; When I want a class to inherit from this one and include a new attribute for the derived class, I would write: class Derived: public Base { public: Derived() {} Derived( const Derived& d ) : derived_attr(d.derived_attr) { this->base_attr = d.base_attr; } void SomeDerivedFunction() { .... } private: SomeOtherType derived_attr; }; This works for me (let's ignore eventually missing semicolons or such please). However, when I remove the "this-" in the copy constructor of the derived class, the compiler complains that "'base_attr' was not declared in this scope". I thought that, when inheriting from a class, the protected attributes would then also be accessible directly. I did not know that the "this-" pointer was needed. I am now confused if it is actually correct what I am doing there, especially the copy-constructor of the Derived-class. Because each Derived object is supposed to have a base_attr and a derived_attr and they obviously need to be initialized/set correctly. And because Derived is inheriting from Base, I don't want to explicitly include an attribute named "base_attr" in the Derived-class. IMHO doing so would generally destroy the idea behind inheritance, as everything would have to be defined again. EDIT Thank you all for the quick answers. I completely forgot the fact that the classes actually are templates. Please, see the new examples below, which are actually compiling when including "this-" and are failing when omiting "this-" in the copy-constructor of the Derived-class: Base-class: #include <iostream> template<class T> class Base{ public: Base() : base_attr(0) {} Base( const Base& b) : base_attr(b.base_attr) {} void baseIncrement() { ++base_attr; } void printAttr() { std::cout << "Base Attribute: " << base_attr << std::endl; } protected: T base_attr; }; Derived-class: #include "base.hpp" template< class T > class Derived: public Base<T>{ public: Derived() : derived_attr(1) {} Derived( const Derived& d) : derived_attr(d.derived_attr) { this->base_attr = d.base_attr; } void derivedIncrement() { ++derived_attr; } protected: T derived_attr; }; and for completeness also the main function: #include "derived.hpp" int main() { Derived<int> d; d.printAttr(); d.baseIncrement(); d.printAttr(); Derived<int> d2(d); d2.printAttr(); return 0; }; I am using g++-4.3.4. Although I understood now that it seems to come from the fact that I use template-class definitions, I did not quite understand what is causing the problem when using templates and why it works when not using templates. Could someone please further clarify this?

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  • Android: Programatically Add UI Elements to a View

    - by Shivan Raptor
    My view is written as follow: package com.mycompany; import android.view.View; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.ArrayList; import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.graphics.Color; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.graphics.Paint; import android.graphics.Point; import android.hardware.Sensor; import android.hardware.SensorEvent; import android.hardware.SensorEventListener; import android.hardware.SensorManager; import android.widget.*; public class GameEngineView extends View implements SensorEventListener { GameLoop gameloop; String txt_acc; float accY; ArrayList<Point> bugPath; private SensorManager sensorManager; private class GameLoop extends Thread { private volatile boolean running = true; public void run() { while (running) { try { TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1); postInvalidate(); pause(); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { running = false; } } } public void pause() { running = false; } public void start() { running = true; run(); } public void safeStop() { running = false; interrupt(); } } public void unload() { gameloop.safeStop(); } public GameEngineView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) { super(context, attrs, defStyle); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub init(context); } public GameEngineView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub init(context); } public GameEngineView(Context context) { super(context); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub init(context); } private void init(Context context) { txt_acc = ""; // Adding SENSOR sensorManager=(SensorManager)context.getSystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE); // add listener. The listener will be HelloAndroid (this) class sensorManager.registerListener(this, sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER), SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL); // Adding UI Elements : How ? Button btn_camera = new Button(context); btn_camera.setLayoutParams(new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT)); btn_camera.setClickable(true); btn_camera.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { System.out.println("clicked the camera."); } }); gameloop = new GameLoop(); gameloop.run(); } @Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); System.out.println("Width " + widthMeasureSpec); setMeasuredDimension(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub // super.onDraw(canvas); Paint p = new Paint(); p.setColor(Color.WHITE); p.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); p.setAntiAlias(true); p.setTextSize(30); canvas.drawText("|[ " + txt_acc + " ]|", 50, 500, p); gameloop.start(); } public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor,int accuracy){ } public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event){ if(event.sensor.getType()==Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER){ //float x=event.values[0]; accY =event.values[1]; //float z=event.values[2]; txt_acc = "" + accY; } } } I would like to add a Button to the scene, but I don't know how to. Can anybody give me some lights? UPDATE: Here is my Activity : public class MyActivity extends Activity { private GameEngineView gameEngine; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); // add Game Engine gameEngine = new GameEngineView(this); setContentView(gameEngine); gameEngine.requestFocus(); } }

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  • java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: bitmap size exceeds VM budget

    - by Angel
    Hi, I am trying to change the layout of my application from portrait to landscape and vice-versa. But if i do it frequently or more than once then at times my application crashes.. Below is the error log. Please suggest what can be done? < 01-06 09:52:27.787: ERROR/dalvikvm-heap(17473): 1550532-byte external allocation too large for this process. 01-06 09:52:27.787: ERROR/dalvikvm(17473): Out of memory: Heap Size=6471KB, Allocated=4075KB, Bitmap Size=9564KB 01-06 09:52:27.787: ERROR/(17473): VM won't let us allocate 1550532 bytes 01-06 09:52:27.798: DEBUG/skia(17473): --- decoder-decode returned false 01-06 09:52:27.798: DEBUG/AndroidRuntime(17473): Shutting down VM 01-06 09:52:27.798: WARN/dalvikvm(17473): threadid=3: thread exiting with uncaught exception (group=0x4001e390) 01-06 09:52:27.807: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): Uncaught handler: thread main exiting due to uncaught exception 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{}: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #2: Error inflating class 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2596) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2621) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleRelaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:3812) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.app.ActivityThread.access$2300(ActivityThread.java:126) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1936) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4595) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:521) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:860) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:618) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): Caused by: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #2: Error inflating class 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:513) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneLayoutInflater.onCreateView(PhoneLayoutInflater.java:56) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:563) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:385) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:320) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:276) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow.setContentView(PhoneWindow.java:207) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.app.Activity.setContentView(Activity.java:1629) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at onCreate(Game.java:98) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1047) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2544) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): ... 12 more 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.widget.LinearLayout.(LinearLayout.java:92) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.constructNative(Native Method) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:446) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:500) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): ... 22 more 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: bitmap size exceeds VM budget 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.nativeDecodeAsset(Native Method) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeStream(BitmapFactory.java:464) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeResourceStream(BitmapFactory.java:340) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.graphics.drawable.Drawable.createFromResourceStream(Drawable.java:697) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.content.res.Resources.loadDrawable(Resources.java:1705) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.content.res.TypedArray.getDrawable(TypedArray.java:548) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.view.View.(View.java:1850) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.view.View.(View.java:1799) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): at android.view.ViewGroup.(ViewGroup.java:296) 01-06 09:52:27.857: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(17473): ... 26 more

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  • Jquery: syntax for inserting a function

    - by kelly
    I'm trying to integrate an animation by using the bezier path plug-in and I can't seem to implement it right. Stripped down, here's what I have: $('#next2btn').live('click', function(){ $(this).attr('id','next3btn'); $('#content2').show(300, function() { $('#account').fadeTo(500,1.0) var arc_params = { center: [278,120], radius: 186, start: -90, end: 90, dir: -1 }; }); $("#account").animate({path : new $.path.arc(arc_params)},1000); }); So, I'm trying to add this piece of code into what I have: var arc_params = { center: [278,120], radius: 186, start: -90, end: 90, dir: -1 }; }); $("#account").animate({path : new $.path.arc(arc_params)},1000) which works on its own as does the other. I'm thinking it's something about declaring that variable and where I do that. I'm essentially chaining a few different animations/actions upon a button click. Thanks for any insight- kj

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  • Rails advanced queries with join and sum calculation

    - by Dustin Brewer
    I have two models: companies and expenses. Companies have many expenses and expenses belong to companies. My expense model has an 'amount' column. I was wondering if there is a way to perform a find based on a date range and the amount column of the expenses. Something like top 3 companies by total expense amounts over a 7 day period. I've tried for the better part of the day to get this to work, I've attempted joins, chaining named scopes, raw sql, etc. and I'm not having any luck. Thanks for the help.

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  • Android JSon Array is not working with Maplocations class

    - by user1505962
    I am developing a map application in android i have made maplocation class to pass latitude and longitude and using Json Array to fetch data from MYSQl to display in map.But When I run application it crashed unfortunantely here is my log cat 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): FATAL EXCEPTION: main 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.icons.draw.view/com.icons.draw.view.DrawIcons}: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #6: Error inflating class com.icons.draw.view.LocationViewers 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1647) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1663) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1500(ActivityThread.java:117) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:931) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:130) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3683) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:507) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:839) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:597) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): Caused by: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #6: Error inflating class com.icons.draw.view.LocationViewers 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:518) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:570) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:623) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:408) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:320) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:276) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow.setContentView(PhoneWindow.java:207) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.app.Activity.setContentView(Activity.java:1657) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at com.icons.draw.view.DrawIcons.onCreate(DrawIcons.java:16) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1047) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1611) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): ... 11 more 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.constructNative(Native Method) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:415) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:505) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): ... 21 more 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at org.json.JSONTokener.nextCleanInternal(JSONTokener.java:112) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at org.json.JSONTokener.nextValue(JSONTokener.java:90) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at org.json.JSONArray.<init>(JSONArray.java:87) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at org.json.JSONArray.<init>(JSONArray.java:103) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at com.icons.draw.view.LocationViewers.getMapLocations(LocationViewers.java:102) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at com.icons.draw.view.LocationViewers.init(LocationViewers.java:65) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): at com.icons.draw.view.LocationViewers.<init>(LocationViewers.java:45) 07-07 14:02:26.423: E/AndroidRuntime(366): ... 24 more And Here is My JSOn Array and loop code to make markers double LAT; double LANG; String INFO; public List<MapLocation> getMapLocations() { if (mapLocations == null) { try{ jArray = new JSONArray(result); JSONObject json_data=null; for(int i=0;i<jArray.length();i++){ json_data = jArray.getJSONObject(i); LAT=json_data.getDouble("lat"); LANG=json_data.getDouble("lang"); INFO=json_data.getString("info"); mapLocations = new ArrayList<MapLocation>(); mapLocations.add(new MapLocation(INFO,LAT,LANG)); } } catch(JSONException e1){ Toast.makeText(getContext(), "No Vehicles Found" ,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } catch (ParseException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } } return mapLocations; } Please Help to Remove this error

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  • Chain dynamically created dropdowns with JQuery

    - by ricardocasares
    I'm building some kind of indefinite filters for an app, and I'm havin this problem when I clone some selects. The things is this selects are chained between them, trough the Chained Selects jQuery plugin. The problem is that every time I clone the selects, the chaining stops working, and I've tryed everything, such as .live() to make it work, but it seems I'm out of luck :D Here you have a sample of what I'm talking about, http://jsfiddle.net/7K2Eu/63/ At first, the selects chain normally, but when I clone the form, they stop working, except for the first row of selects. Thank you!!

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  • Can a rake task know about the other tasks in the invocation chain?

    - by andrewdotnich
    Rake (like make) is able to have many targets/tasks specified on invocation. Is it possible for a rake task to access the list of tasks the user invoked, in order to do its job? Scenario: Consider a Rake-based build tool. A help task would like to know what tasks were also specified in order to print their usage and halt the build process. The benefit of this as opposed to rake-style parameter passing are cleaner syntax (rake help build instead of rake help task=build) and chaining (rake help build run_tests would print usage for both).

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  • Reordering Variadic Parameters

    - by void-pointer
    I have come across the need to reorder a variadic list of parameters that is supplied to the constructor of a struct. After being reordered based on their types, the parameters will be stored as a tuple. My question is how this can be done so that a modern C++ compiler (e.g. g++-4.7) will not generate unnecessary load or store instructions. That is, when the constructor is invoked with a list of parameters of variable size, it efficiently pushes each parameter into place based on an ordering over the parameters' types. Here is a concrete example. Assume that the base type of every parameter (without references, rvalue references, pointers, or qualifiers) is either char, int, or float. How can I make it so that all the parameters of base type char appear first, followed by all of those of base type int (which leaves the parameters of base type float last). The relative order in which the parameters were given should not be violated within sublists of homogeneous base type. Example: foo::foo() is called with arguments float a, char&& b, const float& c, int&& d, char e. The tuple tupe is std::tuple<char, char, int, float, float>, and it is constructed like so: tuple_type{std::move(b), e, std::move(d), a, c}. Consider the struct defined below, and assume that the metafunction deduce_reordered_tuple_type is already implemented. How would you write the constructor so that it works as intended? If you think that the code for deduce_reodered_tuple_type, would be useful to you, I can provide it; it's a little long. template <class... Args> struct foo { // Assume that the metafunction deduce_reordered_tuple_type is defined. typedef typename deduce_reordered_tuple_type<Args...>::type tuple_type; tuple_type t_; foo(Args&&... args) : t_{reorder_and_forward_parameters<Args>(args)...} {} }; Edit 1 The technique I describe above does have applications in mathematical frameworks that make heavy use of expression templates, variadic templates, and metaprogramming in order to perform aggressive inlining. Suppose that you wish to define an operator that takes the product of several expressions, each of which may be passed by reference, reference to const, or rvalue reference. (In my case, the expressions are conditional probability tables and the operation is the factor product, but something like matrix multiplication works suitably as well.) You need access to the data provided by each expression in order to evaluate the product. Consequently, you must move the expressions passed as rvalue references, copy the expressions passed by reference to const, and take the addresses of expressions passed by reference. Using the technique I describe above now poses several benefits. Other expressions can use uniform syntax to access data elements from this expression, since all of the heavy-lifting metaprogramming work is done beforehand, within the class. We can save stack space by grouping the pointers together and storing the larger expressions towards the end of the tuple. Implementing certain types of queries becomes much easier (e.g. check whether any of the pointers stored in the tuple aliases a given pointer). Thank you very much for your help!

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  • Python - Is it possible to get the name of the chained function?

    - by user1326876
    I'm working on a class that basically allows for method chaining, for setting some attrbutes for different dictionaries stored. The syntax is as follows: d = Test() d.connect().setAttrbutes(Message=Blah, Circle=True, Key=True) But there can also be other instances, so, for example: d = Test() d.initialise().setAttrbutes(Message=Blah) Now I believe that I can overwrite the "setattrbutes" function; I just don't want to create a function for each of the dictionary. Instead I want to capture the name of the previous chained function. So in the example above I would then be given "connect" and "initialise" so I know which dictionary to store these inside. I hope this makes sense. Any ideas would be greatly appreciated :)

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  • Arduino: Putting servos in my class causes them to rotate all the way to one side

    - by user2526712
    I am trying to create a new class that controls two servos. My code compiles just fine. However, when I run it, the servos just turn all the way to one direction. This seems to happen when I try instantiating the class (when in the constructor, I attach the servos in the class to pins). In My class's header file, I have [UPDATED] #ifndef ServoController_h #define ServoController_h #include "Arduino.h" #include <Servo.h> class ServoController { public: ServoController(int rotateServoPin, int elevateServoPin); void rotate(int degrees); void elevate(int degrees); private: Servo rotateServo; Servo elevateServo; int elevationAngle; int azimuthAngle; }; #endif Code so far for my Class: #include "Arduino.h" #include "ServoController.h" ServoController::ServoController(int rotateServoPin, int elevateServoPin) { azimuthAngle = 0; elevationAngle = 0; elevateServo.attach(elevateServoPin); rotateServo.attach(rotateServoPin); } void ServoController::rotate(int degrees) { //TO DO rotateServo.write(degrees); } void ServoController::elevate(int degrees) { //TO DO elevateServo.write(degrees); } And finally my arduino sketch so far is just: #include <ServoController.h> #include <Servo.h> ServoController sc(2 , 3); void setup() { } void loop() { } I'm pretty sure the circuit I am using is fine, since if I do not use my class, and just use the servo library directly in my arduino file, the servos move correctly. any ideas why this might happen? [UPDATE] I actually got this working. In my constructor, I have removed the lines to attach the servos to pins. Instead, I have added another method to my class which does the attachment. ServoController::ServoController(int rotateServoPin, int elevateServoPin) { azimuthAngle = 0; elevationAngle = 0; // elevateServo.attach(elevateServoPin); // rotateServo.attach(rotateServoPin); } void ServoController::attachPins(int rotateServoPin, int elevateServoPin) { azimuthAngle = 0; elevationAngle = 0; elevateServo.attach(elevateServoPin); rotateServo.attach(rotateServoPin); } I then call this in my sketch's setup() function: void setup() { sc.attachPins(2,3); } It seems like if I attach my servos outside of the setup() function, my problem occurs. [UPDATE July 27 9:13PM] Verified something with another test: I created a new sketch where I attached a servo before setup(): #include <Servo.h> Servo servo0; servo0.attach(2); void setup() { } void loop() // this function runs repeatedly after setup() finishes { servo0.write(90); delay(2000); servo0.write(135); delay(2000); servo0.write(45); delay(2000); } When I try to compile, Arduino throws an error: "testservotest:4: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '.' token" So there was an error, but it was not thrown when the attach method was called from a class Thanks very much

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  • What is a good java data structure for storing nested items (like cities in states)?

    - by anotherAlan
    I'm just getting started in Java and am looking for advice on a good way to store nested sets of data. For example, I'm interested in storing city population data that can be accessed by looking up the city in a given state. (Note: eventually, other data will be stored with each city as well, this is just the first attempt at getting started.) The current approach I'm using is to have a StateList Object which contains a HashMap that stores State Objects via a string key (i.e. HashMap<String, State>). Each State Object contains its own HashMap of City Objects keyed off the city name (i.e. HashMap<String, City>). A cut down version of what I've come up with looks like this: // TestPopulation.java public class TestPopulation { public static void main(String [] args) { // build the stateList Object StateList sl = new StateList(); // get a test state State stateAl = sl.getState("AL"); // make sure it's there. if(stateAl != null) { // add a city stateAl.addCity("Abbeville"); // now grab the city City cityAbbevilleAl = stateAl.getCity("Abbeville"); cityAbbevilleAl.setPopulation(2987); System.out.print("The city has a pop of: "); System.out.println(Integer.toString(cityAbbevilleAl.getPopulation())); } // otherwise, print an error else { System.out.println("That was an invalid state"); } } } // StateList.java import java.util.*; public class StateList { // define hash map to hold the states private HashMap<String, State> theStates = new HashMap<String, State>(); // setup constructor that loads the states public StateList() { String[] stateCodes = {"AL","AK","AZ","AR","CA","CO"}; // etc... for (String s : stateCodes) { State newState = new State(s); theStates.put(s, newState); } } // define method for getting a state public State getState(String stateCode) { if(theStates.containsKey(stateCode)) { return theStates.get(stateCode); } else { return null; } } } // State.java import java.util.*; public class State { // Setup the state code String stateCode; // HashMap for cities HashMap<String, City> cities = new HashMap<String, City>(); // define the constructor public State(String newStateCode) { System.out.println("Creating State: " + newStateCode); stateCode = newStateCode; } // define the method for adding a city public void addCity(String newCityName) { City newCityObj = new City(newCityName); cities.put(newCityName, newCityObj); } // define the method for getting a city public City getCity(String cityName) { if(cities.containsKey(cityName)) { return cities.get(cityName); } else { return null; } } } // City.java public class City { // Define the instance vars String cityName; int cityPop; // setup the constructor public City(String newCityName) { cityName = newCityName; System.out.println("Created City: " + newCityName); } public void setPopulation(int newPop) { cityPop = newPop; } public int getPopulation() { return cityPop; } } This is working for me, but I'm wondering if there are gotchas that I haven't run into, or if there are alternate/better ways to do the same thing. (P.S. I know that I need to add some more error checking in, but right now, I'm focused on trying to figure out a good data structure.) (NOTE: Edited to change setPop() and getPop() to setPopulation() and getPopulation() respectively to avoid confucsion)

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  • Any good idioms for error handling in straight C programs?

    - by Will Hartung
    Getting back in to some C work. Many of my functions look like this: int err = do_something(arg1, arg2, arg3, &result); With the intent the result gets populated by the function, and the return value is the status of the call. The darkside is you get something naive like this: int err = func1(...); if (!err) { err = func2(...); if (!err) { err = func3(...); } } return err; I could macro it I suppose: #define ERR(x) if (!err) { err = (x) } int err = 0; ERR(func1(...)); ERR(func2(...)); ERR(func3(...)); return err; But that only works if I'm chaining function calls, vs doing other work. Obviously Java, C#, C++ have exceptions that work very well for these kinds of things. I'm just curious what other folks do and how other folks do error handling in their C programs nowadays.

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  • Demystifying Silverlight Dependency Properties

    - by dwahlin
    I have the opportunity to teach a lot of people about Silverlight (amongst other technologies) and one of the topics that definitely confuses people initially is the concept of dependency properties. I confess that when I first heard about them my initial thought was “Why do we need a specialized type of property?” While you can certainly use standard CLR properties in Silverlight applications, Silverlight relies heavily on dependency properties for just about everything it does behind the scenes. In fact, dependency properties are an essential part of the data binding, template, style and animation functionality available in Silverlight. They simply back standard CLR properties. In this post I wanted to put together a (hopefully) simple explanation of dependency properties and why you should care about them if you’re currently working with Silverlight or looking to move to it.   What are Dependency Properties? XAML provides a great way to define layout controls, user input controls, shapes, colors and data binding expressions in a declarative manner. There’s a lot that goes on behind the scenes in order to make XAML work and an important part of that magic is the use of dependency properties. If you want to bind data to a property, style it, animate it or transform it in XAML then the property involved has to be a dependency property to work properly. If you’ve ever positioned a control in a Canvas using Canvas.Left or placed a control in a specific Grid row using Grid.Row then you’ve used an attached property which is a specialized type of dependency property. Dependency properties play a key role in XAML and the overall Silverlight framework. Any property that you bind, style, template, animate or transform must be a dependency property in Silverlight applications. You can programmatically bind values to controls and work with standard CLR properties, but if you want to use the built-in binding expressions available in XAML (one of my favorite features) or the Binding class available through code then dependency properties are a necessity. Dependency properties aren’t needed in every situation, but if you want to customize your application very much you’ll eventually end up needing them. For example, if you create a custom user control and want to expose a property that consumers can use to change the background color, you have to define it as a dependency property if you want bindings, styles and other features to be available for use. Now that the overall purpose of dependency properties has been discussed let’s take a look at how you can create them. Creating Dependency Properties When .NET first came out you had to write backing fields for each property that you defined as shown next: Brush _ScheduleBackground; public Brush ScheduleBackground { get { return _ScheduleBackground; } set { _ScheduleBackground = value; } } Although .NET 2.0 added auto-implemented properties (for example: public Brush ScheduleBackground { get; set; }) where the compiler would automatically generate the backing field used by get and set blocks, the concept is still the same as shown in the above code; a property acts as a wrapper around a field. Silverlight dependency properties replace the _ScheduleBackground field shown in the previous code and act as the backing store for a standard CLR property. The following code shows an example of defining a dependency property named ScheduleBackgroundProperty: public static readonly DependencyProperty ScheduleBackgroundProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("ScheduleBackground", typeof(Brush), typeof(Scheduler), null);   Looking through the code the first thing that may stand out is that the definition for ScheduleBackgroundProperty is marked as static and readonly and that the property appears to be of type DependencyProperty. This is a standard pattern that you’ll use when working with dependency properties. You’ll also notice that the property explicitly adds the word “Property” to the name which is another standard you’ll see followed. In addition to defining the property, the code also makes a call to the static DependencyProperty.Register method and passes the name of the property to register (ScheduleBackground in this case) as a string. The type of the property, the type of the class that owns the property and a null value (more on the null value later) are also passed. In this example a class named Scheduler acts as the owner. The code handles registering the property as a dependency property with the call to Register(), but there’s a little more work that has to be done to allow a value to be assigned to and retrieved from the dependency property. The following code shows the complete code that you’ll typically use when creating a dependency property. You can find code snippets that greatly simplify the process of creating dependency properties out on the web. The MVVM Light download available from http://mvvmlight.codeplex.com comes with built-in dependency properties snippets as well. public static readonly DependencyProperty ScheduleBackgroundProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("ScheduleBackground", typeof(Brush), typeof(Scheduler), null); public Brush ScheduleBackground { get { return (Brush)GetValue(ScheduleBackgroundProperty); } set { SetValue(ScheduleBackgroundProperty, value); } } The standard CLR property code shown above should look familiar since it simply wraps the dependency property. However, you’ll notice that the get and set blocks call GetValue and SetValue methods respectively to perform the appropriate operation on the dependency property. GetValue and SetValue are members of the DependencyObject class which is another key component of the Silverlight framework. Silverlight controls and classes (TextBox, UserControl, CompositeTransform, DataGrid, etc.) ultimately derive from DependencyObject in their inheritance hierarchy so that they can support dependency properties. Dependency properties defined in Silverlight controls and other classes tend to follow the pattern of registering the property by calling Register() and then wrapping the dependency property in a standard CLR property (as shown above). They have a standard property that wraps a registered dependency property and allows a value to be assigned and retrieved. If you need to expose a new property on a custom control that supports data binding expressions in XAML then you’ll follow this same pattern. Dependency properties are extremely useful once you understand why they’re needed and how they’re defined. Detecting Changes and Setting Defaults When working with dependency properties there will be times when you want to assign a default value or detect when a property changes so that you can keep the user interface in-sync with the property value. Silverlight’s DependencyProperty.Register() method provides a fourth parameter that accepts a PropertyMetadata object instance. PropertyMetadata can be used to hook a callback method to a dependency property. The callback method is called when the property value changes. PropertyMetadata can also be used to assign a default value to the dependency property. By assigning a value of null for the final parameter passed to Register() you’re telling the property that you don’t care about any changes and don’t have a default value to apply. Here are the different constructor overloads available on the PropertyMetadata class: PropertyMetadata Constructor Overload Description PropertyMetadata(Object) Used to assign a default value to a dependency property. PropertyMetadata(PropertyChangedCallback) Used to assign a property changed callback method. PropertyMetadata(Object, PropertyChangedCalback) Used to assign a default property value and a property changed callback.   There are many situations where you need to know when a dependency property changes or where you want to apply a default. Performing either task is easily accomplished by creating a new instance of the PropertyMetadata class and passing the appropriate values to its constructor. The following code shows an enhanced version of the initial dependency property code shown earlier that demonstrates these concepts: public Brush ScheduleBackground { get { return (Brush)GetValue(ScheduleBackgroundProperty); } set { SetValue(ScheduleBackgroundProperty, value); } } public static readonly DependencyProperty ScheduleBackgroundProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("ScheduleBackground", typeof(Brush), typeof(Scheduler), new PropertyMetadata(new SolidColorBrush(Colors.LightGray), ScheduleBackgroundChanged)); private static void ScheduleBackgroundChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e) { var scheduler = d as Scheduler; scheduler.Background = e.NewValue as Brush; } The code wires ScheduleBackgroundProperty to a property change callback method named ScheduleBackgroundChanged. What’s interesting is that this callback method is static (as is the dependency property) so it gets passed the instance of the object that owns the property that has changed (otherwise we wouldn’t be able to get to the object instance). In this example the dependency object is cast to a Scheduler object and its Background property is assigned to the new value of the dependency property. The code also handles assigning a default value of LightGray to the dependency property by creating a new instance of a SolidColorBrush. To Sum Up In this post you’ve seen the role of dependency properties and how they can be defined in code. They play a big role in XAML and the overall Silverlight framework. You can think of dependency properties as being replacements for fields that you’d normally use with standard CLR properties. In addition to a discussion on how dependency properties are created, you also saw how to use the PropertyMetadata class to define default dependency property values and hook a dependency property to a callback method. The most important thing to understand with dependency properties (especially if you’re new to Silverlight) is that they’re needed if you want a property to support data binding, animations, transformations and styles properly. Any time you create a property on a custom control or user control that has these types of requirements you’ll want to pick a dependency property over of a standard CLR property with a backing field. There’s more that can be covered with dependency properties including a related property called an attached property….more to come.

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  • Metro: Promises

    - by Stephen.Walther
    The goal of this blog entry is to describe the Promise class in the WinJS library. You can use promises whenever you need to perform an asynchronous operation such as retrieving data from a remote website or a file from the file system. Promises are used extensively in the WinJS library. Asynchronous Programming Some code executes immediately, some code requires time to complete or might never complete at all. For example, retrieving the value of a local variable is an immediate operation. Retrieving data from a remote website takes longer or might not complete at all. When an operation might take a long time to complete, you should write your code so that it executes asynchronously. Instead of waiting for an operation to complete, you should start the operation and then do something else until you receive a signal that the operation is complete. An analogy. Some telephone customer service lines require you to wait on hold – listening to really bad music – until a customer service representative is available. This is synchronous programming and very wasteful of your time. Some newer customer service lines enable you to enter your telephone number so the customer service representative can call you back when a customer representative becomes available. This approach is much less wasteful of your time because you can do useful things while waiting for the callback. There are several patterns that you can use to write code which executes asynchronously. The most popular pattern in JavaScript is the callback pattern. When you call a function which might take a long time to return a result, you pass a callback function to the function. For example, the following code (which uses jQuery) includes a function named getFlickrPhotos which returns photos from the Flickr website which match a set of tags (such as “dog” and “funny”): function getFlickrPhotos(tags, callback) { $.getJSON( "http://api.flickr.com/services/feeds/photos_public.gne?jsoncallback=?", { tags: tags, tagmode: "all", format: "json" }, function (data) { if (callback) { callback(data.items); } } ); } getFlickrPhotos("funny, dogs", function(data) { $.each(data, function(index, item) { console.log(item); }); }); The getFlickr() function includes a callback parameter. When you call the getFlickr() function, you pass a function to the callback parameter which gets executed when the getFlicker() function finishes retrieving the list of photos from the Flickr web service. In the code above, the callback function simply iterates through the results and writes each result to the console. Using callbacks is a natural way to perform asynchronous programming with JavaScript. Instead of waiting for an operation to complete, sitting there and listening to really bad music, you can get a callback when the operation is complete. Using Promises The CommonJS website defines a promise like this (http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Promises): “Promises provide a well-defined interface for interacting with an object that represents the result of an action that is performed asynchronously, and may or may not be finished at any given point in time. By utilizing a standard interface, different components can return promises for asynchronous actions and consumers can utilize the promises in a predictable manner.” A promise provides a standard pattern for specifying callbacks. In the WinJS library, when you create a promise, you can specify three callbacks: a complete callback, a failure callback, and a progress callback. Promises are used extensively in the WinJS library. The methods in the animation library, the control library, and the binding library all use promises. For example, the xhr() method included in the WinJS base library returns a promise. The xhr() method wraps calls to the standard XmlHttpRequest object in a promise. The following code illustrates how you can use the xhr() method to perform an Ajax request which retrieves a file named Photos.txt: var options = { url: "/data/photos.txt" }; WinJS.xhr(options).then( function (xmlHttpRequest) { console.log("success"); var data = JSON.parse(xmlHttpRequest.responseText); console.log(data); }, function(xmlHttpRequest) { console.log("fail"); }, function(xmlHttpRequest) { console.log("progress"); } ) The WinJS.xhr() method returns a promise. The Promise class includes a then() method which accepts three callback functions: a complete callback, an error callback, and a progress callback: Promise.then(completeCallback, errorCallback, progressCallback) In the code above, three anonymous functions are passed to the then() method. The three callbacks simply write a message to the JavaScript Console. The complete callback also dumps all of the data retrieved from the photos.txt file. Creating Promises You can create your own promises by creating a new instance of the Promise class. The constructor for the Promise class requires a function which accepts three parameters: a complete, error, and progress function parameter. For example, the code below illustrates how you can create a method named wait10Seconds() which returns a promise. The progress function is called every second and the complete function is not called until 10 seconds have passed: (function () { "use strict"; var app = WinJS.Application; function wait10Seconds() { return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error, progress) { var seconds = 0; var intervalId = window.setInterval(function () { seconds++; progress(seconds); if (seconds > 9) { window.clearInterval(intervalId); complete(); } }, 1000); }); } app.onactivated = function (eventObject) { if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) { wait10Seconds().then( function () { console.log("complete") }, function () { console.log("error") }, function (seconds) { console.log("progress:" + seconds) } ); } } app.start(); })(); All of the work happens in the constructor function for the promise. The window.setInterval() method is used to execute code every second. Every second, the progress() callback method is called. If more than 10 seconds have passed then the complete() callback method is called and the clearInterval() method is called. When you execute the code above, you can see the output in the Visual Studio JavaScript Console. Creating a Timeout Promise In the previous section, we created a custom Promise which uses the window.setInterval() method to complete the promise after 10 seconds. We really did not need to create a custom promise because the Promise class already includes a static method for returning promises which complete after a certain interval. The code below illustrates how you can use the timeout() method. The timeout() method returns a promise which completes after a certain number of milliseconds. WinJS.Promise.timeout(3000).then( function(){console.log("complete")}, function(){console.log("error")}, function(){console.log("progress")} ); In the code above, the Promise completes after 3 seconds (3000 milliseconds). The Promise returned by the timeout() method does not support progress events. Therefore, the only message written to the console is the message “complete” after 10 seconds. Canceling Promises Some promises, but not all, support cancellation. When you cancel a promise, the promise’s error callback is executed. For example, the following code uses the WinJS.xhr() method to perform an Ajax request. However, immediately after the Ajax request is made, the request is cancelled. // Specify Ajax request options var options = { url: "/data/photos.txt" }; // Make the Ajax request var request = WinJS.xhr(options).then( function (xmlHttpRequest) { console.log("success"); }, function (xmlHttpRequest) { console.log("fail"); }, function (xmlHttpRequest) { console.log("progress"); } ); // Cancel the Ajax request request.cancel(); When you run the code above, the message “fail” is written to the Visual Studio JavaScript Console. Composing Promises You can build promises out of other promises. In other words, you can compose promises. There are two static methods of the Promise class which you can use to compose promises: the join() method and the any() method. When you join promises, a promise is complete when all of the joined promises are complete. When you use the any() method, a promise is complete when any of the promises complete. The following code illustrates how to use the join() method. A new promise is created out of two timeout promises. The new promise does not complete until both of the timeout promises complete: WinJS.Promise.join([WinJS.Promise.timeout(1000), WinJS.Promise.timeout(5000)]) .then(function () { console.log("complete"); }); The message “complete” will not be written to the JavaScript Console until both promises passed to the join() method completes. The message won’t be written for 5 seconds (5,000 milliseconds). The any() method completes when any promise passed to the any() method completes: WinJS.Promise.any([WinJS.Promise.timeout(1000), WinJS.Promise.timeout(5000)]) .then(function () { console.log("complete"); }); The code above writes the message “complete” to the JavaScript Console after 1 second (1,000 milliseconds). The message is written to the JavaScript console immediately after the first promise completes and before the second promise completes. Summary The goal of this blog entry was to describe WinJS promises. First, we discussed how promises enable you to easily write code which performs asynchronous actions. You learned how to use a promise when performing an Ajax request. Next, we discussed how you can create your own promises. You learned how to create a new promise by creating a constructor function with complete, error, and progress parameters. Finally, you learned about several advanced methods of promises. You learned how to use the timeout() method to create promises which complete after an interval of time. You also learned how to cancel promises and compose promises from other promises.

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