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  • What is the proper name for this design pattern in Python?

    - by James
    In Python, is the proper name for the PersonXXX class below PersonProxy, PersonInterface, etc? import rest class PersonXXX(object): def __init__(self,db_url): self.resource = rest.Resource(db_url) def create(self,person): self.resource.post(person.data()) def get(self): pass def update(self): pass def delete(self): pass class Person(object): def __init__(self,name, age): self.name = name self.age = age def data(self): return dict(name=self.name,age=self.age)

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  • How do I get localized names of application in python?

    - by Mystic-Mirage
    This code gives me only English application name if .desktop file does not have "Name[*]" options (like in totem.desktop) but only "X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain: totem": from gi.repository import Gio app = Gio.app_info_get_default_for_type('video/x-flv', True) print app.get_name() This like code gives me proper result for vlc.desktop. Ubuntu Dash shows proper localized names for all applications. How do I get localized names of application in python? Sorry for my English.

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  • Where can I learn more about JavaScript and Python?

    - by Tom Maxwell
    Been teaching myself how to code over the past four months or so -- mainly in JavaScript, but just started Python -- and had a revelation today. I can write in JavaScript pretty well, but I don't actually know what JavaScript is. Basically I know how to use it, but not the advantages/disadvantages, its origination, its purpose, etc. Where can I learn more about the languages themselves and not just how to write in them?

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  • Import 3ds into JMonkeyEngine 3

    - by Yanick Rochon
    I have asked this question on SO, but I think it will be more suitable here. Basically, we are trying to import an animated character body (with skeleton) from 3D Studio Max to JMonkeyEngine 3, but while we succeeded at importing some animations, we cannot seem to export the skeleton to .skeleton.xml using OgreXML format. Since OgreXML seems to be the favored way to import models into JME, we dropped .obj files and such. Any help appreciated.

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  • How is it possible for mod_wsgi to be compiled against Python 2.7.3 but use the 2.7.2 runtime?

    - by Ian William Kohl
    The following is what appears in my error_log: [Sat Nov 17 23:13:14 2012] [warn] mod_wsgi: Compiled for Python/2.7.3. [Sat Nov 17 23:13:14 2012] [warn] mod_wsgi: Runtime using Python/2.7.2. If I check my $PATH variable and even in /etc/paths, /usr/local/bin (which contains Python 2.7.3) comes before /usr/bin (which contains Python 2.7.2). Is there some other path that I'm missing out on? How can I get the correct runtime to be used?

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  • Will learning wxpython worth it in future? [on hold]

    - by user108437
    As we know that microsoft has been pushing Windows 8.1 which strongly uses XAML to design the app and for windows desktop mode WPF is another framework (which probably some thinks it fails) However, in old times, developer write windows form software using MFC or something alike that they have to do their own main loop, etc, etc, and I recently loves python and learning python certainly worth it, since there are still ironpython out there that uses .NET, but I am not sure whether my move to also learn wxpython for building windows software that does not requires .NET worth it also i notice wxpython is somehow old and still uses python 2.7, while today, python already version 3.3, beside that the books are old book published in 2007, and there seems no much hype on building windows form without .NET anymore because .NET is mostly preinstalled in new windows version. So my humble question is, whether should I learn python + wxpython or only python? Is there any benefit that I might not notice for capable in writing windows application that does not use .NET?

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  • What important aspects of Java should I know coming from Python?

    - by Macuser
    So, I've been browsing the job market, and it seems almost every programmer position requires either knowledge in the .NET, C#, or Java, and I'm looking to pick up Java, as I am not interesting very much with programming for Windows environments. So, what syntax differences should I look out for (except different class names), and any practices that I should avoid using in Java which is normally used in Python?

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  • help('modules') crashing?

    - by Chris
    I was trying to install a module for opencv and added an opencv.pth file to the folder beyond my sites.py file. I have since deleted it and no change. When I try to run help('modules'), I get the following error: Please wait a moment while I gather a list of all available modules... /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/Extras/lib/python/twisted/words/im/init.py:8: UserWarning: twisted.im will be undergoing a rewrite at some point in the future. warnings.warn("twisted.im will be undergoing a rewrite at some point in the future.") /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/pkgutil.py:110: DeprecationWarning: The wxPython compatibility package is no longer automatically generated or actively maintained. Please switch to the wx package as soon as possible. import(name) Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/site.py", line 348, in call return pydoc.help(*args, **kwds) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/pydoc.py", line 1644, in call self.help(request) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/pydoc.py", line 1681, in help elif request == 'modules': self.listmodules() File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/pydoc.py", line 1802, in listmodules ModuleScanner().run(callback) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/pydoc.py", line 1853, in run for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.walk_packages(): File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/pkgutil.py", line 110, in walk_packages import(name) File "/BinaryCache/wxWidgets/wxWidgets-11~262/Root/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/Extras/lib/python/wxaddons/init.py", line 180, in import_hook File "/Library/Python/2.5/site-packages/ctypes_opencv/init.py", line 19, in from ctypes_opencv.cv import * File "/BinaryCache/wxWidgets/wxWidgets-11~262/Root/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/Extras/lib/python/wxaddons/init.py", line 180, in import_hook File "/Library/Python/2.5/site-packages/ctypes_opencv/cv.py", line 2567, in ('desc', CvMat_r, 1), # CvMat* desc File "/Library/Python/2.5/site-packages/ctypes_opencv/cxcore.py", line 114, in cfunc return CFUNCTYPE(result, *atypes)((name, dll), tuple(aflags)) AttributeError: dlsym(0x2674d10, cvCreateFeatureTree): symbol not found What gives?!

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  • help('modules') crashing? Not sure how to fix..

    - by Chris
    I was trying to install a module for opencv and added an opencv.pth file to the folder beyond my sites.py file. I have since deleted it and no change. When I try to run help('modules'), I get the following error: Please wait a moment while I gather a list of all available modules... /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/Extras/lib/python/twisted/words/im/init.py:8: UserWarning: twisted.im will be undergoing a rewrite at some point in the future. warnings.warn("twisted.im will be undergoing a rewrite at some point in the future.") /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/pkgutil.py:110: DeprecationWarning: The wxPython compatibility package is no longer automatically generated or actively maintained. Please switch to the wx package as soon as possible. import(name) Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/site.py", line 348, in call return pydoc.help(*args, **kwds) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/pydoc.py", line 1644, in call self.help(request) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/pydoc.py", line 1681, in help elif request == 'modules': self.listmodules() File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/pydoc.py", line 1802, in listmodules ModuleScanner().run(callback) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/pydoc.py", line 1853, in run for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.walk_packages(): File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/pkgutil.py", line 110, in walk_packages import(name) File "/BinaryCache/wxWidgets/wxWidgets-11~262/Root/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/Extras/lib/python/wxaddons/init.py", line 180, in import_hook File "/Library/Python/2.5/site-packages/ctypes_opencv/init.py", line 19, in from ctypes_opencv.cv import * File "/BinaryCache/wxWidgets/wxWidgets-11~262/Root/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/Extras/lib/python/wxaddons/init.py", line 180, in import_hook File "/Library/Python/2.5/site-packages/ctypes_opencv/cv.py", line 2567, in ('desc', CvMat_r, 1), # CvMat* desc File "/Library/Python/2.5/site-packages/ctypes_opencv/cxcore.py", line 114, in cfunc return CFUNCTYPE(result, *atypes)((name, dll), tuple(aflags)) AttributeError: dlsym(0x2674d10, cvCreateFeatureTree): symbol not found What gives?!

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  • Python Mechanize unable to avoid redirect when Post

    - by Enric Geijo
    I am trying to crawl a site using mechanize. The site provides search results in different pages. When posting to get the next set of results, something is wrong and the server redirects me to the first page, asking mechanize to update the SearchSession Cookie. I have been debugging the requests using Firefox and they look quite the same, and I am unable to find the problem. Any suggestion? Below the requests: ----------- FIRST THE RIGHT SEQUENCE, USING TAMPER IN FIREFOX ------------------------- POST XXX/JobSearch/Results.aspx?Keywords=Python&LTxt=London%2c+South+East&Radius=0&LIds2=ZV&clid=1621&cltypeid=2&clName=London Load Flags[LOAD_DOCUMENT_URI LOAD_INITIAL_DOCUMENT_URI ] Content Size[-1] Mime Type[text/html] Request Headers: Host[www.cwjobs.co.uk] User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.1.9) Gecko/20100401 Ubuntu/9.10 (karmic) Firefox/3.5.9] Accept[text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,/;q=0.8] Accept-Language[en-us,en;q=0.5] Accept-Encoding[gzip,deflate] Accept-Charset[ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7] Keep-Alive[300] Connection[keep-alive] Referer[XXX/JobSearch/Results.aspx?Keywords=Python&LTxt=London%2c+South+East&Radius=0&LIds2=ZV&clid=1621&cltypeid=2&clName=London] Cookie[ecos=774803468-0; AnonymousUser=MemberId=acc079dd-66b6-4081-9b07-60d6955ee8bf&IsAnonymous=True; PJBIPPOPUP=; WT_FPC=id=86.181.183.106-2262469600.30073025:lv=1272812851736:ss=1272812789362; SearchSession=SessionGuid=71de63de-3bd0-4787-895d-b6b9e7c93801&LogSource=NAT] Post Data: __EVENTTARGET[srpPager%24btnForward] __EVENTARGUMENT[] hdnSearchResults[BV%2CA%2CC0P5x%2COou-%2CB4S-%2CBuC-%2CDzx-%2CHwn-%2CKPP-%2CIVA-%2CC9D-%2CH6X-%2CH7x-%2CJ0x-%2CCvX-%2CCra-%2COHa-%2CHhP-%2CCoj-%2CBlM-%2CE9W-%2CIm8-%2CBqG-%2CPFy-%2CN%2Fm-%2Ceaa%2CCvj-%2CCtJ-%2CCr7-%2CBpu-%2Cmh%2CMb6-%2CJ%2Fk-%2CHY8-%2COJ7-%2CNtF-%2CEya-%2CErT-%2CEo4-%2CEKU-%2CDnL-%2CC5M-%2CCyB-%2CBsD-%2CBrc-%2CBpU-%2Col%2C30%2CC1%2Cd4N%2COo8-%2COi0-%2CLz%2F-%2CLxP-%2CFyp-%2CFVR-%2CEHL-%2CPrP-%2CLmE-%2CK3H-%2CKXJ-%2CFyn%2CIcq-%2CIco-%2CIK4-%2CIIg-%2CH2k-%2CH0N-%2CHwp-%2CHvF-%2CFij-%2CFhl-%2CCwj-%2CCb5-%2CCQj-%2CCQh-%2CB%2B2-%2CBc6-%2ChFo%2CNLq-%2CNI%2F-%2CFzM-%2Cdu-%2CHg2-%2CBug-%2CBse-%2CB9Q-] __VIEWSTATE[%2FwEPDwUKLTkyMzI2ODA4Ng9kFgYCBA8WBB4EaHJlZgWJAWh0dHA6Ly93d3cuY3dqb2JzLmNvLnVrL0pvYlNlYXJjaC9SU1MuYXNweD9LZXl3b3Jkcz1QeXRob24mTFR4dD1Mb25kb24lMmMrU291dGgrRWFzdCZSYWRpdXM9MCZMSWRzMj1aViZjbGlkPTE2MjEmY2x0eXBlaWQ9MiZjbE5hbWU9TG9uZG9uHgV0aXRsZQUkTGF0ZXN0IFB5dGhvbiBqb2JzIGZyb20gQ1dKb2JzLmNvLnVrZAIGDxYCHgRUZXh0BV48bGluayByZWw9ImNhbm9uaWNhbCIgaHJlZj0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy5jd2pvYnMuY28udWsvSm9iU2Vla2luZy9QeXRob25fTG9uZG9uX2wxNjIxX3QyLmh0bWwiIC8%2BZAIIEGRkFg4CBw8WAh8CBV9Zb3VyIHNlYXJjaCBvbiA8Yj5LZXl3b3JkczogUHl0aG9uOyBMb2NhdGlvbjogTG9uZG9uLCBTb3V0aCBFYXN0OyA8L2I%2BIHJldHVybmVkIDxiPjg1PC9iPiBqb2JzLmQCCQ8WAh4HVmlzaWJsZWhkAgsPFgIfAgUoVGhlIG1vc3QgcmVsZXZhbnQgam9icyBhcmUgbGlzdGVkIGZpcnN0LmQCEw8PFgIeC05hdmlnYXRlVXJsBQF%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%3D] Refinesearch%24txtKeywords[Python] Refinesearch%24txtLocation[London%2C+South+East] Refinesearch%24ddlRadius[0] ddlCompanyType[0] ddlSort[1] Response Headers: Cache-Control[private] Date[Sun, 02 May 2010 16:09:27 GMT] Content-Type[text/html; charset=utf-8] Expires[Sat, 02 May 2009 16:09:27 GMT] Server[Microsoft-IIS/6.0] X-SiteConHost[P310] X-Powered-By[ASP.NET] X-AspNet-Version[2.0.50727] Set-Cookie[SearchSession=SessionGuid=71de63de-3bd0-4787-895d-b6b9e7c93801&LogSource=NAT; path=/] Content-Encoding[gzip] Vary[Accept-Encoding] Transfer-Encoding[chunked] -------- NOW WHAT I'AM SENDING USING MECHANIZE, SOME HEADERS ADDED, ETC ----------- POST /JobSearch/Results.aspx?Keywords=Python&LTxt=London%2c+South+East&Radius=0&LIds2=ZV&clid=1621&cltypeid=2&clName=London HTTP/1.1\r\nContent-Length: 2424\r\n Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5\r\n Accept-Encoding: gzip\r\n Host: www.cwjobs.co.uk\r\n Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,/;q=0.8\r\n Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7\r\n Connection: keep-alive\r\n Cookie: AnonymousUser=MemberId=8fa5ddd7-17ed-425e-b189-82693bfbaa0c&IsAnonymous=True; SearchSession=SessionGuid=33e4e439-c2d6-423f-900f-574099310d5a&LogSource=NAT\r\n Referer: XXX/JobSearch/Results.aspx?Keywords=Python&LTxt=London%2c+South+East&Radius=0&LIds2=ZV&clid=1621&cltypeid=2&clName=London\r\n Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n\r\n' '__EVENTTARGET=srpPager%24btnForward& __EVENTARGUMENT=& hdnSearchResults=BV%2CA%2CC0eif%2CMwc%2CM6s%2COou%2CK09%2CG4H%2CEZf%2CGTu%2CLrr%2CGuX%2CGs9%2CEz9%2CL5X%2CL9U%2ChU%2CHHf%2CMAL%2CNDi%2CJrY%2CGBy%2CM%2Bo%2CdE-%2CpI%2CtDI%2CL5L%2CL7l%2CL8z%2CM%2FA%2CPPP%2CCM0%2CEpK%2CHPy%2Cez%2C7p%2CJ2U%2CJ9b%2CJ%2F2%2CKea%2CLBj%2CLvi%2CL2t%2CM8r%2CM9S%2CM%2Fa%2CPRT%2CPgi%2Csg7%2CF6%2CI2F%2CJTd%2CO-%2CC0v%2CC3f%2CDCq%2CDxn%2CERl%2CUbV%2CGME%2CGMG%2CGd2%2CGgO%2CGyK%2CG0h%2CG4F%2CG5p%2CJGL%2CJHJ%2CKhj%2CL4L%2CMM1%2CMYL%2CMYN%2CMp4%2CNL0%2COrj%2CvuW%2CBdE%2CBfv%2CI1i%2CBCh-%2COLA%2CHH4%2CM6O%2CM8Q%2CMre& __VIEWSTATE=%2FwEPDwUKLTkyMzI2ODA4Ng9kFgYCBA8WBB4EaHJlZgWJAWh0dHA6Ly93d3cuY3dqb2JzLmNvLnVrL0pvYlNlYXJjaC9SU1MuYXNweD9LZXl3b3Jkcz1QeXRob24mTFR4dD1Mb25kb24lMmMrU291dGgrRWFzdCZSYWRpdXM9MCZMSWRzMj1aViZjbGlkPTE2MjEmY2x0eXBlaWQ9MiZjbE5hbWU9TG9uZG9uHgV0aXRsZQUkTGF0ZXN0IFB5dGhvbiBqb2JzIGZyb20gQ1dKb2JzLmNvLnVrZAIGDxYCHgRUZXh0BV48bGluayByZWw9ImNhbm9uaWNhbCIgaHJlZj0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy5jd2pvYnMuY28udWsvSm9iU2Vla2luZy9QeXRob25fTG9uZG9uX2wxNjIxX3QyLmh0bWwiIC8%2BZAIIEGRkFg4CBw8WAh8CBV9Zb3VyIHNlYXJjaCBvbiA8Yj5LZXl3b3JkczogUHl0aG9uOyBMb2NhdGlvbjogTG9uZG9uLCBTb3V0aCBFYXN0OyA8L2I%2BIHJldHVybmVkIDxiPjg1PC9iPiBqb2JzLmQCCQ8WAh4HVmlzaWJsZWhkAgsPFgIfAgUoVGhlIG1vc3QgcmVsZXZhbnQgam9icyBhcmUgbGlzdGVkIGZpcnN0LmQCEw8PFgIeC05hdmlnYXRlVXJsBQF%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%3D& Refinesearch%24txtKeywords=Python& Refinesearch%24txtLocation=London%2CSouth+East& Refinesearch%24ddlRadius=0& Refinesearch%24btnSearch=Search& ddlCompanyType=0& ddlSort=1'

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  • Error in python - don't understand

    - by Jasper
    Hi, I'm creating a game, and am quite new to Python generally. I created a function 'descriptionGenerator()' which generates a description for characters and objects either randomly or using variables passed to it. It seemed to be working, but every now and then it wouldn't work correctly. So i placed it in a loop, and it never seems to be able to complete the loop without one of the iterations having this problem. The code is as follows: #+------------------------------------------+ #| Name: bitsandpieces.py | #| A module for the 'Europa I' game | #| created for the Game Making Competition | #| | #| Date Created/Modified: | #| 3/4/10 | 3/4/10 | #+------------------------------------------+ # Import the required modules # Import system modules: import time import random # Import 3rd party modules: # Import game modules: # Define the 'descriptionGenerator()' function def descriptionGenerator(descriptionVariables): descriptionVariableSize = len(descriptionVariables) if descriptionVariables[0] == 'char': # If there is only one variable ('char'), create a random description if descriptionVariableSize == 1: # Define choices for descriptionVariables to be generated from gender_choices = ['male', 'female'] hair_choices = ['black', 'red', 'blonde', 'grey', 'brown', 'blue'] hair_choices2 = ['long', 'short', 'cropped', 'curly'] size_choices = ['tubby', 'thin', 'fat', 'almost twig-like'] demeanour_choices = ['glowering', 'bright', 'smiling', 'sombre', 'intelligent'] impression_choices = ['likeable', 'unlikeable', 'dangerous', 'annoying', 'afraid'] # Define description variables gender = random.choice(gender_choices) height = str(float('0.' + str(random.randint(1, 9))) + float(random.randint(1, 2))) if float(height) > 1.8: height_string = 'tall' if float(height) > 2: height_string = 'very tall' elif float(height) < 1.8 and float(height) > 1.5: height_string = 'average' elif float(height) < 1.5: height_string = 'short' if float(height) < 1.3: height_string = 'very short' hair = random.choice(hair_choices2) + ' ' + random.choice(hair_choices) size = random.choice(size_choices) demeanour = random.choice(demeanour_choices) impression = random.choice(impression_choices) # Collect description variables in list 'randomDescriptionVariables' randomDescriptionVariables = ['char', gender, height, height_string, hair, size, demeanour, impression] # Generate description using the 'descriptionGenerator' function descriptionGenerator(randomDescriptionVariables) # Generate the description of a character using the variables passed to the function elif descriptionVariableSize == 8: if descriptionVariables[1] == 'male': if descriptionVariables[7] != 'afraid': print """A %s man, about %s m tall. He has %s hair and is %s. He is %s and you get the impression that he is %s.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) elif descriptionVariables[7] == 'afraid': print """A %s man, about %s m tall. He has %s hair and is %s. He is %s.\nYou feel that you should be %s of him.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) elif descriptionVariables[1] == 'female': if descriptionVariables[7] != 'afraid': print """A %s woman, about %s m tall. She has %s hair and is %s. She is %s and you get the impression that she is %s.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) elif descriptionVariables[7] == 'afraid': print """A %s woman, about %s m tall. She has %s hair and is %s. She is %s.\nYou feel that you should be %s of her.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) else: pass elif descriptionVariables[0] == 'obj': # Insert code here 2 deal with object stuff pass print print myDescriptionVariables = ['char'] i = 0 while i < 30: print print print descriptionGenerator(myDescriptionVariables) i = i + 1 time.sleep(10) When it fails to properly execute it says this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/Jasper/Development/Programming/MyProjects/Game Making Challenge/Europa I/Code/Code 2.0/bitsandpieces.py", line 79, in <module> descriptionGenerator(myDescriptionVariables) File "/Users/Jasper/Development/Programming/MyProjects/Game Making Challenge/Europa I/Code/Code 2.0/bitsandpieces.py", line 50, in descriptionGenerator randomDescriptionVariables = ['char', gender, height, height_string, hair, size, demeanour, impression] UnboundLocalError: local variable 'height_string' referenced before assignment Thanks for any help with this

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  • Python: Memory usage and optimization when modifying lists

    - by xApple
    The problem My concern is the following: I am storing a relativity large dataset in a classical python list and in order to process the data I must iterate over the list several times, perform some operations on the elements, and often pop an item out of the list. It seems that deleting one item out of a Python list costs O(N) since Python has to copy all the items above the element at hand down one place. Furthermore, since the number of items to delete is approximately proportional to the number of elements in the list this results in an O(N^2) algorithm. I am hoping to find a solution that is cost effective (time and memory-wise). I have studied what I could find on the internet and have summarized my different options below. Which one is the best candidate ? Keeping a local index: while processingdata: index = 0 while index < len(somelist): item = somelist[index] dosomestuff(item) if somecondition(item): del somelist[index] else: index += 1 This is the original solution I came up with. Not only is this not very elegant, but I am hoping there is better way to do it that remains time and memory efficient. Walking the list backwards: while processingdata: for i in xrange(len(somelist) - 1, -1, -1): dosomestuff(item) if somecondition(somelist, i): somelist.pop(i) This avoids incrementing an index variable but ultimately has the same cost as the original version. It also breaks the logic of dosomestuff(item) that wishes to process them in the same order as they appear in the original list. Making a new list: while processingdata: for i, item in enumerate(somelist): dosomestuff(item) newlist = [] for item in somelist: if somecondition(item): newlist.append(item) somelist = newlist gc.collect() This is a very naive strategy for eliminating elements from a list and requires lots of memory since an almost full copy of the list must be made. Using list comprehensions: while processingdata: for i, item in enumerate(somelist): dosomestuff(item) somelist[:] = [x for x in somelist if somecondition(x)] This is very elegant but under-the-cover it walks the whole list one more time and must copy most of the elements in it. My intuition is that this operation probably costs more than the original del statement at least memory wise. Keep in mind that somelist can be huge and that any solution that will iterate through it only once per run will probably always win. Using the filter function: while processingdata: for i, item in enumerate(somelist): dosomestuff(item) somelist = filter(lambda x: not subtle_condition(x), somelist) This also creates a new list occupying lots of RAM. Using the itertools' filter function: from itertools import ifilterfalse while processingdata: for item in itertools.ifilterfalse(somecondtion, somelist): dosomestuff(item) This version of the filter call does not create a new list but will not call dosomestuff on every item breaking the logic of the algorithm. I am including this example only for the purpose of creating an exhaustive list. Moving items up the list while walking while processingdata: index = 0 for item in somelist: dosomestuff(item) if not somecondition(item): somelist[index] = item index += 1 del somelist[index:] This is a subtle method that seems cost effective. I think it will move each item (or the pointer to each item ?) exactly once resulting in an O(N) algorithm. Finally, I hope Python will be intelligent enough to resize the list at the end without allocating memory for a new copy of the list. Not sure though. Abandoning Python lists: class Doubly_Linked_List: def __init__(self): self.first = None self.last = None self.n = 0 def __len__(self): return self.n def __iter__(self): return DLLIter(self) def iterator(self): return self.__iter__() def append(self, x): x = DLLElement(x) x.next = None if self.last is None: x.prev = None self.last = x self.first = x self.n = 1 else: x.prev = self.last x.prev.next = x self.last = x self.n += 1 class DLLElement: def __init__(self, x): self.next = None self.data = x self.prev = None class DLLIter: etc... This type of object resembles a python list in a limited way. However, deletion of an element is guaranteed O(1). I would not like to go here since this would require massive amounts of code refactoring almost everywhere.

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  • Confusion on C++ Python extensions. Things like getting C++ values for python values.

    - by Matthew Mitchell
    I'm wanted to convert some of my python code to C++ for speed but it's not as easy as simply making a C++ function and making a few function calls. I have no idea how to get a C++ integer from a python integer object. I have an integer which is an attribute of an object that I want to use. I also have integers which are inside a list in the object which I need to use. I wanted to test making a C++ extension with this function: def setup_framebuffer(surface,flip=False): #Create texture if not done already if surface.texture is None: create_texture(surface) #Render child to parent if surface.frame_buffer is None: surface.frame_buffer = glGenFramebuffersEXT(1) glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, c_uint(int(surface.frame_buffer))) glFramebufferTexture2DEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0_EXT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, surface.texture, 0) glPushAttrib(GL_VIEWPORT_BIT) glViewport(0,0,surface._scale[0],surface._scale[1]) glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) glLoadIdentity() #Load the projection matrix if flip: gluOrtho2D(0,surface._scale[0],surface._scale[1],0) else: gluOrtho2D(0,surface._scale[0],0,surface._scale[1]) That function calls create_texture, so I will have to pass that function to the C++ function which I will do with the third argument. This is what I have so far, while trying to follow information on the python documentation: #include <Python.h> #include <GL/gl.h> static PyMethodDef SpamMethods[] = { ... {"setup_framebuffer", setup_framebuffer, METH_VARARGS,"Loads a texture from a Surface object to the OpenGL framebuffer."}, ... {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL} /* Sentinel */ }; static PyObject * setup_framebuffer(PyObject *self, PyObject *args){ bool flip; PyObject *create_texture, *arg_list,*pyflip,*frame_buffer_id; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OOO", &surface,&pyflip,&create_texture)){ return NULL; } if (PyObject_IsTrue(pyflip) == 1){ flip = true; }else{ flip = false; } Py_XINCREF(create_texture); //Create texture if not done already if(texture == NULL){ arglist = Py_BuildValue("(O)", surface) result = PyEval_CallObject(create_texture, arglist); Py_DECREF(arglist); if (result == NULL){ return NULL; } Py_DECREF(result); } Py_XDECREF(create_texture); //Render child to parent frame_buffer_id = PyObject_GetAttr(surface, Py_BuildValue("s","frame_buffer")) if(surface.frame_buffer == NULL){ glGenFramebuffersEXT(1,frame_buffer_id); } glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, surface.frame_buffer)); glFramebufferTexture2DEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0_EXT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, surface.texture, 0); glPushAttrib(GL_VIEWPORT_BIT); glViewport(0,0,surface._scale[0],surface._scale[1]); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); //Load the projection matrix if (flip){ gluOrtho2D(0,surface._scale[0],surface._scale[1],0); }else{ gluOrtho2D(0,surface._scale[0],0,surface._scale[1]); } Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } PyMODINIT_FUNC initcscalelib(void){ PyObject *module; module = Py_InitModule("cscalelib", Methods); if (m == NULL){ return; } } int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ /* Pass argv[0] to the Python interpreter */ Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); /* Initialize the Python interpreter. Required. */ Py_Initialize(); /* Add a static module */ initscalelib(); }

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  • Detect user logout / shutdown in Python / GTK under Linux - SIGTERM/HUP not received

    - by Ivo Wetzel
    OK this is presumably a hard one, I've got an pyGTK application that has random crashes due to X Window errors that I can't catch/control. So I created a wrapper that restarts the app as soon as it detects a crash, now comes the problem, when the user logs out or shuts down the system, the app exits with status 1. But on some X errors it does so too. So I tried literally anything to catch the shutdown/logout, with no success, here's what I've tried: import pygtk import gtk import sys class Test(gtk.Window): def delete_event(self, widget, event, data=None): open("delete_event", "wb") def destroy_event(self, widget, data=None): open("destroy_event", "wb") def destroy_event2(self, widget, event, data=None): open("destroy_event2", "wb") def __init__(self): gtk.Window.__init__(self, gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) self.show() self.connect("delete_event", self.delete_event) self.connect("destroy", self.destroy_event) self.connect("destroy-event", self.destroy_event2) def foo(): open("add_event", "wb") def ex(): open("sys_event", "wb") from signal import * def clean(sig): f = open("sig_event", "wb") f.write(str(sig)) f.close() exit(0) for sig in (SIGABRT, SIGILL, SIGINT, SIGSEGV, SIGTERM): signal(sig, lambda *args: clean(sig)) def at(): open("at_event", "wb") import atexit atexit.register(at) f = Test() sys.exitfunc = ex gtk.quit_add(gtk.main_level(), foo) gtk.main() open("exit_event", "wb") Not one of these succeeds, is there any low level way to detect the system shutdown? Google didn't find anything related to that. I guess there must be a way, am I right? :/ EDIT: OK, more stuff. I've created this shell script: #!/bin/bash trap test_term TERM trap test_hup HUP test_term(){ echo "teeeeeeeeeerm" >~/Desktop/term.info exit 0 } test_hup(){ echo "huuuuuuuuuuup" >~/Desktop/hup.info exit 1 } while [ true ] do echo "idle..." sleep 2 done And also created a .desktop file to run it: [Desktop Entry] Name=Kittens GenericName=Kittens Comment=Kitten Script Exec=kittens StartupNotify=true Terminal=false Encoding=UTF-8 Type=Application Categories=Network;GTK; Name[de_DE]=Kittens Normally this should create the term file on logout and the hup file when it has been started with &. But not on my System. GDM doesn't care about the script at all, when I relog, it's still running. I've also tried using shopt -s huponexit, with no success. EDIT2: Also here's some more information aboute the real code, the whole thing looks like this: Wrapper Script, that catches errors and restarts the programm -> Main Programm with GTK Mainloop -> Background Updater Thread The flow is like this: Start Wrapper -> enter restart loop while restarts < max: -> start program -> check return code -> write error to file or exit the wrapper on 0 Now on shutdown, start program return 1. That means either it did hanup or the parent process terminated, the main problem is to figure out which of these two did just happen. X Errors result in a 1 too. Trapping in the shellscript doesn't work. If you want to take a look at the actual code check it out over at GitHub: http://github.com/BonsaiDen/Atarashii

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  • C++ vs Matlab vs Python as a main language for Computer Vision Postgraduate

    - by Hough
    Hi all, Firstly, sorry for a somewhat long question but I think that many people are in the same situation as me and hopefully they can also gain some benefit from this. I'll be starting my PhD very soon which involve the fields of computer vision, pattern recognition and machine learning. Currently, I'm using opencv (2.1) C++ interface and I especially like its powerful Mat class and the overloaded operations available for matrix and image seamless operations and transformations. I've also tried (and implemented many small vision projects) using opencv python interface (new bindings; opencv 2.1) and I really enjoy python's ability to integrate opencv, numpy, scipy and matplotlib. But recently, I went back to opencv C++ interface because I felt that the official python new bindings were not stable enough and no overloaded operations are available for matrices and images, not to mention the lack of machine learning modules and slow speeds in certain operations. I've also used Matlab extensively in the past and although I've used mex files and other means to speed up the program, I just felt that Matlab's performance was inadequate for real-time vision tasks, be it for fast prototyping or not. When the project becomes larger and larger, many tasks have to be re-written in C and compiled into Mex files increasingly and Matlab becomes nothing more than a glue language. Here comes the sub-questions: For postgrad studies in these fields (machine learning, vision, pattern recognition), what is your main or ideal programming language for rapid prototyping of ideas and testing algorithms contained in papers? For postgrad studies, can you list down the pros and cons of using the following languages? C++ (with opencv + gsl + svmlib + other libraries) vs Matlab (with all its toolboxes) vs python (with the imcomplete opencv bindings + numpy + scipy + matplotlib). Are there computer vision PhD/postgrad students here who are using only C++ (with all its availabe libraries including opencv) without even needing to resort to Matlab or python? In other words, given the current existing computer vision or machine learning libraries, is C++ alone sufficient for fast prototyping of ideas? If you're currently using Java or C# for your postgrad work, can you list down the reasons why they should be used and how they compare to other languages in terms of available libraries? What is the de facto vision/machine learning programming language and its associated libraries used in your university research group? Thanks in advance.

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  • Python: How to read huge text file into memory

    - by asmaier
    I'm using Python 2.6 on a Mac Mini with 1GB RAM. I want to read in a huge text file $ ls -l links.csv; file links.csv; tail links.csv -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 469904280 30 Nov 22:42 links.csv links.csv: ASCII text, with CRLF line terminators 4757187,59883 4757187,99822 4757187,66546 4757187,638452 4757187,4627959 4757187,312826 4757187,6143 4757187,6141 4757187,3081726 4757187,58197 So each line in the file consists of a tuple of two comma separated integer values. I want to read in the whole file and sort it according to the second column. I know, that I could do the sorting without reading the whole file into memory. But I thought for a file of 500MB I should still be able to do it in memory since I have 1GB available. However when I try to read in the file, Python seems to allocate a lot more memory than is needed by the file on disk. So even with 1GB of RAM I'm not able to read in the 500MB file into memory. My Python code for reading the file and printing some information about the memory consumption is: #!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import sys infile=open("links.csv", "r") edges=[] count=0 #count the total number of lines in the file for line in infile: count=count+1 total=count print "Total number of lines: ",total infile.seek(0) count=0 for line in infile: edge=tuple(map(int,line.strip().split(","))) edges.append(edge) count=count+1 # for every million lines print memory consumption if count%1000000==0: print "Position: ", edge print "Read ",float(count)/float(total)*100,"%." mem=sys.getsizeof(edges) for edge in edges: mem=mem+sys.getsizeof(edge) for node in edge: mem=mem+sys.getsizeof(node) print "Memory (Bytes): ", mem The output I got was: Total number of lines: 30609720 Position: (9745, 2994) Read 3.26693612356 %. Memory (Bytes): 64348736 Position: (38857, 103574) Read 6.53387224712 %. Memory (Bytes): 128816320 Position: (83609, 63498) Read 9.80080837067 %. Memory (Bytes): 192553000 Position: (139692, 1078610) Read 13.0677444942 %. Memory (Bytes): 257873392 Position: (205067, 153705) Read 16.3346806178 %. Memory (Bytes): 320107588 Position: (283371, 253064) Read 19.6016167413 %. Memory (Bytes): 385448716 Position: (354601, 377328) Read 22.8685528649 %. Memory (Bytes): 448629828 Position: (441109, 3024112) Read 26.1354889885 %. Memory (Bytes): 512208580 Already after reading only 25% of the 500MB file, Python consumes 500MB. So it seem that storing the content of the file as a list of tuples of ints is not very memory efficient. Is there a better way to do it, so that I can read in my 500MB file into my 1GB of memory?

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  • Should I learn Python2 or Python3?

    - by Elena
    Hello everyone, I was thinking in learning a new language and settled for Python. But now that Dive into Python 3 is out, which one should I learn, 2 or 3? I am asking this also considering possible jobs for version 2 or 3. So, what do you think? Thank you!

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  • Can't import obj in Python on OS X 10.6.3 Snow Leopard - libiconv.2.dylib?

    - by James
    on OS X 10.6.3 Snow Leopard % python Python 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Feb 11 2010, 00:51:29) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. import objc Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pyobjc_core-2.2-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/objc/__init__.py", line 22, in _update() File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pyobjc_core-2.2-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/objc/__init__.py", line 19, in _update import _objc ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pyobjc_core-2.2-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/objc/_objc.so, 2): Library not loaded: /opt/local/lib/libiconv.2.dylib Referenced from: /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pyobjc_core-2.2-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/objc/_objc.so Reason: Incompatible library version: _objc.so requires version 8.0.0 or later, but libiconv.2.dylib provides version 7.0.0 -- what do I need to do?

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  • C++ vs Matlab vs Python as a main language for Computer Vision Research

    - by Hough
    Hi all, Firstly, sorry for a somewhat long question but I think that many people are in the same situation as me and hopefully they can also gain some benefit from this. I'll be starting my PhD very soon which involves the fields of computer vision, pattern recognition and machine learning. Currently, I'm using opencv (2.1) C++ interface and I especially like its powerful Mat class and the overloaded operations available for matrix and image operations and seamless transformations. I've also tried (and implemented many small vision projects) using opencv python interface (new bindings; opencv 2.1) and I really enjoy python's ability to integrate opencv, numpy, scipy and matplotlib. But recently, I went back to opencv C++ interface because I felt that the official python new bindings were not stable enough and no overloaded operations are available for matrices and images, not to mention the lack of machine learning modules and slow speeds in certain operations. I've also used Matlab extensively in the past and although I've used mex files and other means to speed up the program, I just felt that Matlab's performance was inadequate for real-time vision tasks, be it for fast prototyping or not. When the project becomes larger and larger, many tasks have to be re-written in C and compiled into Mex files increasingly and Matlab becomes nothing more than a glue language. Here comes the sub-questions: For carrying out research in these fields (machine learning, vision, pattern recognition), what is your main or ideal programming language for rapid prototyping of ideas and testing algorithms contained in papers? For computer vision research work, can you list down the pros and cons of using the following languages? C++ (with opencv + gsl + svmlib + other libraries) vs Matlab (with all its toolboxes) vs python (with the imcomplete opencv bindings + numpy + scipy + matplotlib). Are there computer vision PhD/postgrad students here who are using only C++ (with all its availabe libraries including opencv) without even needing to resort to Matlab or python? In other words, given the current existing computer vision or machine learning libraries, is C++ alone sufficient for fast prototyping of ideas? If you're currently using Java or C# for your research, can you list down the reasons why they should be used and how they compare to other languages in terms of available libraries? What is the de facto vision/machine learning programming language and its associated libraries used in your research group? Thanks in advance. Edit: As suggested, I've opened the question to both academic and non-academic computer vision/machine learning/pattern recognition researchers and groups.

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  • Stepping over a yield statement

    - by EoghanM
    When in the Python debugger (pdb) I want to step over a yield statement, but hitting (n) for next brings me to the destination of the yield i.e. the consumer of the generator. I want to go to the next line that is executed within the generator. Is there any way to do this? I'm using Python 2.6

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  • How to install python2.6-devel package under CentOs 5

    - by Creotiv
    I need to install mysql-python under python2.6. mysql-python package needs python2.6-devel package that depends on the libpython2.6.so.1.0(64bit) I found on the net some python2.6-devel packages, but can't find libpython2.6 Server architecture is x86_64. Maybe someone have this lib, or know where i can find it. Thanks for help)

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  • Python - wxPython What's wrong?

    - by Wallter
    I am trying to write a simple custom button in wx.Python. My code is as follows,(As a side note: I am relatively new to python having come from C++ and C# any help on syntax and function of the code would be great! - knowing that, it could be a simple error. thanks!) Error Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Documents\Python2\Button\src\Custom_Button.py", line 10, in <module> class Custom_Button(wx.PyControl): File "D:\Documents\Python2\Button\src\Custom_Button.py", line 13, in Custom_Button Mouse_over_bmp = wx.Bitmap(0) # When the mouse is over File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\wx-2.8-msw-unicode\wx\_gdi.py", line 561, in __init__ _gdi_.Bitmap_swiginit(self,_gdi_.new_Bitmap(*args, **kwargs)) TypeError: String or Unicode type required Main.py class MyFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, parent, ID, title): wxFrame.__init__(self, parent, ID, title, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(400, 400)) self.CreateStatusBar() self.SetStatusText("Program testing custom button overlays") menu = wxMenu() menu.Append(ID_ABOUT, "&About", "More information about this program") menu.AppendSeparator() menu.Append(ID_EXIT, "E&xit", "Terminate the program") menuBar = wxMenuBar() menuBar.Append(menu, "&File"); self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) self.Button1 = Custom_Button(self, parent, -1, "D:/Documents/Python/Normal.bmp", "D:/Documents/Python/Clicked.bmp", "D:/Documents/Python/Over.bmp", "None", wx.Point(200,200), wx.Size(300,100)) EVT_MENU(self, ID_ABOUT, self.OnAbout) EVT_MENU(self, ID_EXIT, self.TimeToQuit) def OnAbout(self, event): dlg = wxMessageDialog(self, "Testing the functions of custom " "buttons using pyDev and wxPython", "About", wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION) dlg.ShowModal() dlg.Destroy() def TimeToQuit(self, event): self.Close(true) class MyApp(wx.App): def OnInit(self): frame = MyFrame(NULL, -1, "wxPython | Buttons") frame.Show(true) self.SetTopWindow(frame) return true app = MyApp(0) app.MainLoop() Custom Button import wx from wxPython.wx import * class Custom_Button(wx.PyControl): ############################################ ##THE ERROR IS BEING THROWN SOME WHERE IN HERE ## ############################################ # The BMP's Mouse_over_bmp = wx.Bitmap(0) # When the mouse is over Norm_bmp = wx.Bitmap(0) # The normal BMP Push_bmp = wx.Bitmap(0) # The down BMP Pos_bmp = wx.Point(0,0) # The posisition of the button def __init__(self, parent, NORM_BMP, PUSH_BMP, MOUSE_OVER_BMP, pos, size, text="", id=-1, **kwargs): wx.PyControl.__init__(self,parent, id, **kwargs) # Set the BMP's to the ones given in the constructor self.Mouse_over_bmp = wx.Bitmap(MOUSE_OVER_BMP) self.Norm_bmp = wx.Bitmap(NORM_BMP) self.Push_bmp = wx.Bitmap(PUSH_BMP) self.Pos_bmp = pos ############################################ ##THE ERROR IS BEING THROWN SOME WHERE IN HERE ## ############################################ self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self._onMouseDown) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_UP, self._onMouseUp) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, self._onMouseLeave) self.Bind(wx.EVT_ENTER_WINDOW, self._onMouseEnter) self.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND,self._onEraseBackground) self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT,self._onPaint) self._mouseIn = self._mouseDown = False def _onMouseEnter(self, event): self._mouseIn = True def _onMouseLeave(self, event): self._mouseIn = False def _onMouseDown(self, event): self._mouseDown = True def _onMouseUp(self, event): self._mouseDown = False self.sendButtonEvent() def sendButtonEvent(self): event = wx.CommandEvent(wx.wxEVT_COMMAND_BUTTON_CLICKED, self.GetId()) event.SetInt(0) event.SetEventObject(self) self.GetEventHandler().ProcessEvent(event) def _onEraseBackground(self,event): # reduce flicker pass def _onPaint(self, event): dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self) dc.SetFont(self.GetFont()) dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(self.GetBackgroundColour())) dc.Clear() dc.DrawBitmap(self.Norm_bmp) # draw whatever you want to draw # draw glossy bitmaps e.g. dc.DrawBitmap if self._mouseIn: # If the Mouse is over the button dc.DrawBitmap(self, self.Mouse_over_bmp, self.Pos_bmp, useMask=False) if self._mouseDown: # If the Mouse clicks the button dc.DrawBitmap(self, self.Push_bmp, self.Pos_bmp, useMask=False)

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  • Using Complex datatype with python SUDS client

    - by sachin
    hi, I am trying to call webservice from python client using SUDS. When I call a function with a complex data type as input parameter, it is not passed correctly, but complex data type is getting returned correctly froma webservice call. Webservice Type: Soap Binding 1.1 Document/Literal Webserver: Weblogic 10.3 Python Version: 2.6.5, SUDS version: 0.3.9 here is the code I am using: Python Client: from suds.client import Client url = 'http://192.168.1.3:7001/WebServiceSecurityOWSM-simple_ws-context-root/SimpleServicePort?WSDL' client = Client(url) print client #simple function with no operation on input... result = client.service.sopHello() print result result = client.service.add10(10) print result params = client.factory.create('paramBean') print params params.intval = 10 params.longval = 20 params.strval = 'string value' #print "params" print params try: result = client.service.printParamBean(params) print result except WebFault, e: print e try: result = client.service.modifyParamBean(params) print result except WebFault, e: print e print params webservice java class: package simple_ws; import javax.jws.Oneway; import javax.jws.WebMethod; import javax.jws.WebService; import javax.jws.soap.SOAPBinding; public class SimpleService { public SimpleService() { } public void sopHello(int i) { System.out.println("sopHello: hello"); } public int add10(int i) { System.out.println("add10:"); return 10+i; } public void printParamBean(ParamBean pb) { System.out.println(pb); } public ParamBean modifyParamBean(ParamBean pb) { System.out.println(pb); pb.setIntval(pb.getIntval()+10); pb.setStrval(pb.getStrval()+"blah blah"); pb.setLongval(pb.getLongval()+200); return pb; } } and the bean Class: package simple_ws; public class ParamBean { int intval; String strval; long longval; public void setIntval(int intval) { this.intval = intval; } public int getIntval() { return intval; } public void setStrval(String strval) { this.strval = strval; } public String getStrval() { return strval; } public void setLongval(long longval) { this.longval = longval; } public long getLongval() { return longval; } public String toString() { String stri = "\nInt val:" +intval; String strstr = "\nstrval val:" +strval; String strl = "\nlong val:" +longval; return stri+strstr+strl; } } so, as issue is like this: on call: client.service.printParamBean(params) in python client, output on server side is: Int val:0 strval val:null long val:0 but on call: client.service.modifyParamBean(params) Client output is: (reply){ intval = 10 longval = 200 strval = "nullblah blah" } What am i doing wrong here??

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  • Python - Polymorphism in wxPython, What's wrong?

    - by Wallter
    I am trying to wright a simple custom button in wx.Python. My code is as follows, an error is thrown on line 19 of my "Custom_Button.py" - What is going on? I can find no help online for this error and have a suspicion that it has to do with the Polymorphism. (As a side note: I am relatively new to python having come from C++ and C# any help on syntax and function of the code would be great! - knowing that, it could be a simple error. thanks!) Error def __init__(self, parent, id=-1, NORM_BMP, PUSH_BMP, MOUSE_OVER_BMP, **kwargs): SyntaxError: non-default argument follows default argument Main.py class MyFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, parent, ID, title): wxFrame.__init__(self, parent, ID, title, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(400, 400)) self.CreateStatusBar() self.SetStatusText("Program testing custom button overlays") menu = wxMenu() menu.Append(ID_ABOUT, "&About", "More information about this program") menu.AppendSeparator() menu.Append(ID_EXIT, "E&xit", "Terminate the program") menuBar = wxMenuBar() menuBar.Append(menu, "&File"); self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) self.Button1 = Custom_Button(self, parent, -1, "D:/Documents/Python/Normal.bmp", "D:/Documents/Python/Clicked.bmp", "D:/Documents/Python/Over.bmp", "None", wx.Point(200,200), wx.Size(300,100)) EVT_MENU(self, ID_ABOUT, self.OnAbout) EVT_MENU(self, ID_EXIT, self.TimeToQuit) def OnAbout(self, event): dlg = wxMessageDialog(self, "Testing the functions of custom " "buttons using pyDev and wxPython", "About", wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION) dlg.ShowModal() dlg.Destroy() def TimeToQuit(self, event): self.Close(true) class MyApp(wx.App): def OnInit(self): frame = MyFrame(NULL, -1, "wxPython | Buttons") frame.Show(true) self.SetTopWindow(frame) return true app = MyApp(0) app.MainLoop() Custom Button import wx from wxPython.wx import * class Custom_Button(wx.PyControl): ############################################ ##THE ERROR IS BEING THROWN SOME WHERE IN HERE ## ############################################ # The BMP's Mouse_over_bmp = wx.Bitmap(0) # When the mouse is over Norm_bmp = wx.Bitmap(0) # The normal BMP Push_bmp = wx.Bitmap(0) # The down BMP Pos_bmp = wx.Point(0,0) # The posisition of the button def __init__(self, parent, id=-1, NORM_BMP, PUSH_BMP, MOUSE_OVER_BMP, text="", pos, size, **kwargs): wx.PyControl.__init__(self,parent, id, **kwargs) # Set the BMP's to the ones given in the constructor self.Mouse_over_bmp = wx.Bitmap(MOUSE_OVER_BMP) self.Norm_bmp = wx.Bitmap(NORM_BMP) self.Push_bmp = wx.Bitmap(PUSH_BMP) self.Pos_bmp = pos ############################################ ##THE ERROR IS BEING THROWN SOME WHERE IN HERE ## ############################################ self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self._onMouseDown) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_UP, self._onMouseUp) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, self._onMouseLeave) self.Bind(wx.EVT_ENTER_WINDOW, self._onMouseEnter) self.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND,self._onEraseBackground) self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT,self._onPaint) self._mouseIn = self._mouseDown = False def _onMouseEnter(self, event): self._mouseIn = True def _onMouseLeave(self, event): self._mouseIn = False def _onMouseDown(self, event): self._mouseDown = True def _onMouseUp(self, event): self._mouseDown = False self.sendButtonEvent() def sendButtonEvent(self): event = wx.CommandEvent(wx.wxEVT_COMMAND_BUTTON_CLICKED, self.GetId()) event.SetInt(0) event.SetEventObject(self) self.GetEventHandler().ProcessEvent(event) def _onEraseBackground(self,event): # reduce flicker pass def _onPaint(self, event): dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self) dc.SetFont(self.GetFont()) dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(self.GetBackgroundColour())) dc.Clear() dc.DrawBitmap(self.Norm_bmp) # draw whatever you want to draw # draw glossy bitmaps e.g. dc.DrawBitmap if self._mouseIn: # If the Mouse is over the button dc.DrawBitmap(self, self.Mouse_over_bmp, self.Pos_bmp, useMask=False) if self._mouseDown: # If the Mouse clicks the button dc.DrawBitmap(self, self.Push_bmp, self.Pos_bmp, useMask=False)

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