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  • Problem running Qreator on Xubuntu-14.04

    - by Seyed Mohammad
    I installed Qreator using apt-get on Xubuntu-14.04: $ sudo apt-get install qreator But the application fails to start! When I try to run it via Terminal, the following error messages are printed and the program aborts: $ qreator ** (qreator:3859): WARNING **: Couldn't connect to accessibility bus: Failed to connect to socket /tmp/dbus-Gh2FPHrMr2: Connection refused No handlers could be found for logger "qreator_lib" Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/qreator", line 47, in <module> qreator.main() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/qreator/__init__.py", line 63, in main window = QreatorWindow.QreatorWindow() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/qreator_lib/Window.py", line 48, in __new__ new_object.finish_initializing(builder) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/qreator/QreatorWindow.py", line 79, in finish_initializing self.init_qr_types() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/qreator/QreatorWindow.py", line 135, in init_qr_types self.qr_types = [d(self.update_qr_code) for d in QRCodeType.dataformats] File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/qreator/qrcodes/QRCodeType.py", line 71, in __init__ self.create_widget() # pylint: disable=E1101 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/qreator/qrcodes/QRCodeLocation.py", line 29, in create_widget self.widget = QRCodeLocationGtk(self.qr_code_update_func) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/qreator/qrcodes/QRCodeLocationGtk.py", line 49, in __init__ latitude, longitude = get_current_location() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/qreator/qrcodes/QRCodeLocationGtk.py", line 109, in get_current_location '/org/freedesktop/Geoclue/Providers/Hostip') File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/bus.py", line 241, in get_object follow_name_owner_changes=follow_name_owner_changes) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/proxies.py", line 248, in __init__ self._named_service = conn.activate_name_owner(bus_name) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/bus.py", line 180, in activate_name_owner self.start_service_by_name(bus_name) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/bus.py", line 278, in start_service_by_name 'su', (bus_name, flags))) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/connection.py", line 651, in call_blocking message, timeout) dbus.exceptions.DBusException: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.freedesktop.Geoclue.Providers.Hostip was not provided by any .service files How can I fix this ?

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  • Splitting Pygame functionality between classes or modules?

    - by sec_goat
    I am attempting to make my pygame application more modular so that different functionalities are split up into different classes and modules. I am having some trouble getting pygame to allow me to draw or load images in secondary classes when the display has been set and pygame.init() has been done in my main class. I have typically used C# and XNA to accomplish this sort of behavior, but this time I need to use python. How do I init pygame in class1, then create an instance of class2 which loads and converts() images. I have tried pygame.init() in class 2 but then it tells me no display mode has been set, when it has been set in class1. I am under the impression i do not wnat to create multiple pygame.displays as that gets problematic I am probably missing something pythonic and simple but I am not sure what. How do I create a Display class, init python and then have other modules do my work like loading images, fonts etc.? here is the simplest version of what I am doing: class1: def __init__(self): self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600,400)) self.imageLoader = class2() class2: def __init__(self): self.images = ['list of images'] def load_images(): self.images = os.listdir('./images/') #get all images in the images directory for img in self.images: #read all images in the directory and load them into pygame new_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images', img)).convert() scale_img = pygame.transform.scale(new_img, (pygame.display.Info().current_w, pygame.display.Info().current_h)) self.images.append(scale_img) if __name__ == "__main__": c1 = class1() c1.imageLoader.load_images() Of course when it tries to load an convert the images it tells me pygame has not been initialized, so i throw in a pygame.init() in class2 ( i have heard it is safe to init multiple times) and then the error goes to pygame.error: No video mode has been set

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  • jQuery 1.4.4 - issue with attr('selected', null)

    - by Renso
    Issue: The code below worked before under version jQuery 1.4.2 but when I upgraded to version 1.4.4 it no longer worked as expected - it did not unselect the list box item, only setting "selectd" worked:         _handleClick: function(elem) {             var self = this; var initElem = this.element;             var checked = $(elem).attr('checked');             var myId = elem.attr('id').replace(initElem.attr('id') + '_chk_', '');             initElem.children('option[value=' + myId + ']').attr('selected', function() {                 if (checked) {                     return 'selected';                 } else { return null; }             });             if ($.isFunction(self.options.onItemSelected)) {                 try {                     self.options.onItemSelected(elem, initElem.children('option').get());                 } catch (ex) {                     if (self.options.allowDebug)                         alert('select function failed: ' + ex.Description);                 }             }         }, Solution: Under jQuery 1.4.4 you need to explicitly remove the attribute as in "removeAttr('selected'):         _handleClick: function(elem) {             var self = this; var initElem = this.element;             var checked = $(elem).is(':checked');             var myId = elem.attr('id').replace(initElem.attr('id') + '_chk_', '');             if (checked) {                 initElem.children('option[value=' + myId + ']').attr('selected', 'selected');             } else {                 initElem.children('option[value=' + myId + ']').removeAttr('selected');             }             if ($.isFunction(self.options.onItemSelected)) {                 try {                     self.options.onItemSelected(elem, initElem.children('option').get());                 } catch (ex) {                     if (self.options.allowDebug)                         alert('select function failed: ' + ex.Description);                 }             }         },

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  • How does one properly redefine self while avoiding the "Multiple methods named ..." warning?

    - by Elise van Looij
    In Apple's The Objective-C Programming Language: Defining a Class the section named "Redifining self" recommends that that class methods allocate and return instances use 'self' only to allocate an instance and then refer only to that instance. Thus, I have a number of subclasses, that have class methods along the lines of: + (id)scrollViewWithFrame: (NSRect)rectFrame { id newInstance = [[[self alloc] initWithFrame:rectFrame] autorelease]; [newInstance setHasHorizontalScroller: YES]; [newInstance setHasVerticalScroller: YES]; [newInstance setBorderType: NSNoBorder]; [newInstance setAutoresizingMask: (NSViewWidthSizable | NSViewHeightSizable)]; return newInstance; } The above is, of course, a subclass of NSScrollView. Unfortunately, Xcode 3.x all these NSView subclasses now raise warnings: "Warning: Multiple methods named '-setAutoresizingMask' found". I believe it has something to do with GCC 4.2, the settings of which I have not changed. The warning is correct, of course, since NSView and its various subclasses all implement setAutoresizingMask, but it is also unnecessary. Since they're only warnings, I ignore them but there is a risk that in between the thirty or so unnecessary ones, a really useful warning lurks which I simply don't see. So, what to do? I do want to adhere to good coding practices and I want to build warning-free apps -- how can I do both?

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  • a problem to update Text of UILabel in TableViewCell

    - by RAGOpoR
    From picture i try to update UILabel at cell that i press but it update incorrect row how can i update text correct row? mycode when add To accessoryView it will reuse to create each row self.info = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake((accView.image.size.width/2.5), 0.0, accView.image.size.width/2, accView.image.size.height)]; self.info.text = @"RSS"; self.info.tag = 3; self.info.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; self.info.shadowColor = [UIColor blackColor]; self.info.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(1,1); self.info.font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:11]; self.info.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor]; [cell.accessoryView addSubview:self.info];

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  • iphone Dev - activity indicator with NSThread not working on Nav controller table view

    - by Frames84
    I really can't get this to work, basically when my JSON feeds loads I want the indicator to show, then hide when it's stopped. It loads top level menu items 1st "Publishing, Broadcasting, Marketing Services", then when Broadcasting is selected it loads a feed using the JSON framework hosted on Google. Round this load I call startIndicator and stopIndicator using the NSThread. Have I missed something? @implementation GeneralNewsTableViewController @synthesize dataList; @synthesize generalNewsDetailViewController; @synthesize atLevel; -(void) startIndicator { NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc ] init ]; [(UIActivityIndicatorView *)[self navigationItem].rightBarButtonItem.customView startAnimating]; [pool release]; } -(void) stopIndicator { NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc ] init ]; [(UIActivityIndicatorView *)[self navigationItem].rightBarButtonItem.customView stopAnimating]; [pool release]; } - (void)viewDidLoad { NSMutableArray *checker = self.dataList; if(checker == nil) { self.title = NSLocalizedString(@"General1",@"General News"); NSMutableArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"Publishing", @"Broadcasting",@"Marketing Services",nil]; self.dataList = [array retain]; self.atLevel = @"level1"; [array release]; } UIActivityIndicatorView * activityIndicator = [[UIActivityIndicatorView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 20, 20)]; //set the initial property [activityIndicator stopAnimating]; [activityIndicator hidesWhenStopped]; //Create an instance of Bar button item with custome view which is of activity indicator UIBarButtonItem * barButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithCustomView:activityIndicator]; //Set the bar button the navigation bar [self navigationItem].rightBarButtonItem = barButton; //Memory clean up [activityIndicator release]; [barButton release]; [super viewDidLoad]; } - (CGFloat)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView heightForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { NSString *level = self.atLevel; if([level isEqualToString:@"level2"]) { return 70.0f; } else { return 40.0f; } } - (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { static NSString *FirstLevelCell = @"FirstLevelCell"; UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:FirstLevelCell]; if(cell == nil) { cell = [[[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleSubtitle reuseIdentifier:FirstLevelCell] autorelease]; } NSInteger row = [indexPath row]; NSString *level = self.atLevel; if([level isEqualToString:@"level2"]) { NSMutableArray *stream = [self.dataList objectAtIndex:row]; NSString *newsTitle = [stream valueForKey:@"title"]; if( ![newsTitle isKindOfClass:[NSString class]] ) { cell.textLabel.text = @""; } else { cell.textLabel.text = [stream valueForKey:@"title"]; } cell.textLabel.numberOfLines = 2; cell.textLabel.font =[UIFont systemFontOfSize:10]; cell.detailTextLabel.numberOfLines = 1; cell.detailTextLabel.font= [UIFont systemFontOfSize:8]; cell.detailTextLabel.text = [stream valueForKey:@"created"]; NSData *imageURL = [[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.how-do.co.uk/images/stories/Cimex.jpg"]]; UIImage *newsImage = [[UIImage alloc] initWithData:imageURL]; cell.imageView.image = newsImage; [imageURL release]; [newsImage release]; } else { cell.textLabel.text = [dataList objectAtIndex:row]; } return cell; } - (void) tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { NSUInteger row = [indexPath row]; NSMutableString *levelType = (NSMutableString *) [dataList objectAtIndex:row]; if(![levelType isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) { if(self.generalNewsDetailViewController == nil) { GeneralNewsDetailViewController *generalDetail = [[GeneralNewsDetailViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"GeneralNewsDetailView" bundle:nil]; self.generalNewsDetailViewController = generalDetail; [generalDetail release]; } NSDictionary *stream = [self.dataList objectAtIndex:row]; NSString *newsTitle = [stream valueForKey:@"title"]; if( ![newsTitle isKindOfClass:[NSString class]] ) { generalNewsDetailViewController.newsTitle = @""; } else { generalNewsDetailViewController.newsTitle =[stream valueForKey:@"title"]; } generalNewsDetailViewController.newsId = [stream valueForKey:@"id"]; generalNewsDetailViewController.fullText = [stream valueForKey:@"fulltext"]; generalNewsDetailViewController.newsImage = [stream valueForKey:@"images"]; generalNewsDetailViewController.created = [stream valueForKey:@"created"]; HowDo_v1AppDelegate *delegate = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate]; [delegate.generalNewsNavController pushViewController:self.generalNewsDetailViewController animated:YES]; } else { GeneralNewsTableViewController *generalSubDetail = [[GeneralNewsTableViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"GeneralNewsTableView" bundle:nil]; NSMutableArray *array; NSString *titleSelected = (NSString *) [dataList objectAtIndex:row]; if([titleSelected isEqualToString:@"Publishing"]) { generalSubDetail.title = @"Publishing news detail"; array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"pub News1", @"pub News2",@"pub News3",nil]; generalSubDetail.atLevel = @"level1"; } else if ([titleSelected isEqualToString:@"Broadcasting"]) { generalSubDetail.title = @"Broadcasting news detail"; /// START [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(startIndicator) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:YES]; if(jSONDataAccessWrapper == nil) { jSONDataAccessWrapper = [JSON_DataAccess_Wrapper alloc]; } array = [jSONDataAccessWrapper downloadJSONFeed]; [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(stopIndicator) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:YES]; generalSubDetail.atLevel = @"level2"; } else if ([titleSelected isEqualToString:@"Marketing Services"]) { generalSubDetail.title = @"Marketing Services news detail"; array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"Marketing News1", @"Marketing News2",@"Marketing News3",nil]; generalSubDetail.atLevel = @"level1"; } generalSubDetail.dataList = array; [self.navigationController pushViewController:generalSubDetail animated:YES]; [titleSelected release]; } } - (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)table numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section //- (NSInteger) tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSIndexPath *) section { return [self.dataList count]; } Cheers for any feedback Frames

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  • MultiWidget in MultiWidget how to compress the first one?

    - by sacabuche
    I have two MultiWidget one inside the other, but the problem is that the MultiWidget contained don't return compress, how do i do to get the right value from the first widget? In this case from SplitTimeWidget class SplitTimeWidget(forms.MultiWidget): """ Widget written to split widget into hours and minutes. """ def __init__(self, attrs=None): widgets = ( forms.Select(attrs=attrs, choices=([(hour,hour) for hour in range(0,24)])), forms.Select(attrs=attrs, choices=([(minute, str(minute).zfill(2)) for minute in range(0,60)])), ) super(SplitTimeWidget, self).__init__(widgets, attrs) def decompress(self, value): if value: return [value.hour, value.minute] return [None, None] class DateTimeSelectWidget (forms.MultiWidget): """ A widget that splits date into Date and Hours, minutes, seconds with selects """ date_format = DateInput.format def __init__(self, attrs=None, date_format=None): if date_format: self.date_format = date_format #if time_format: # self.time_format = time_format hours = [(hour,str(hour)+' h') for hour in range(0,24)] minutes = [(minute,minute) for minute in range(0,60)] seconds = minutes #not used always in 0s widgets = ( DateInput(attrs=attrs, format=self.date_format), SplitTimeWidget(attrs=attrs), ) super(DateTimeSelectWidget,self).__init__(widgets, attrs) def decompress(self, value): if value: return [value.date(), value.time()] else: [None, None, None]

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  • confused about python decorators

    - by nbv4
    I have a class that has an output() method which returns a matplotlib Figure instance. I have a decorator I wrote that takes that fig instance and turns it into a Django response object. My decorator looks like this: class plot_svg(object): def __init__(self, view): self.view = view def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): print args, kwargs fig = self.view(*args, **kwargs) canvas=FigureCanvas(fig) response=HttpResponse(content_type='image/svg+xml') canvas.print_svg(response) return response and this is how it was being used: def as_avg(self): return plot_svg(self.output)() The only reason I has it that way instead of using the "@" syntax is because when I do it with the "@": @plot_svg def as_svg(self): return self.output() I get this error: as_svg() takes exactly 1 argument (0 given) I'm trying to 'fix' this by putting it in the "@" syntax but I can't figure out how to get it working. I'm thinking it has something to do with self not getting passed where it's supposed to...

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  • Django: Overriding the clean() method in forms - question about raising errors

    - by Monika Sulik
    I've been doing things like this in the clean method: if self.cleaned_data['type'].organized_by != self.cleaned_data['organized_by']: raise forms.ValidationError('The type and organization do not match.') if self.cleaned_data['start'] > self.cleaned_data['end']: raise forms.ValidationError('The start date cannot be later than the end date.') But then that means that the form can only raise one of these errors at a time. Is there a way for the form to raise both of these errors? EDIT #1: Any solutions for the above are great, but would love something that would also work in a scenario like: if self.cleaned_data['type'].organized_by != self.cleaned_data['organized_by']: raise forms.ValidationError('The type and organization do not match.') if self.cleaned_data['start'] > self.cleaned_data['end']: raise forms.ValidationError('The start date cannot be later than the end date.') super(FooAddForm, self).clean() Where FooAddForm is a ModelForm and has unique constraints that might also cause errors. If anyone knows of something like that, that would be great...

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  • constructor in Perl with an array(OOPS)

    - by superstar
    whats the difference between these two 'new' constructors in perl? 1) sub new { my $class = shift; my $self = {}; $self->{firstName} = undef; $self->{lastName} = undef; $self->{PEERS} = []; bless ($self, $class); return $self; } 2) sub new { my $class = shift; my $self = { _firstName => shift, _lastName => shift, _ssn => shift, }; bless $self, $class; return $self; } I am using the 2nd one so far, but i need to implement the arrays in perl? can you suggest a way to do it with the 2nd 'new' constructor

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  • double checked locking - objective c

    - by bandejapaisa
    I realised double checked locking is flawed in java due to the memory model, but that is usually associated with the singleton pattern and optimizing the creation of the singleton. What about under this case in objective-c: I have a boolean flag to determine if my application is streaming data or not. I have 3 methods, startStreaming, stopStreaming, streamingDataReceived and i protect them from multiple threads using: - (void) streamingDataReceived:(StreamingData *)streamingData { if (self.isStreaming) { @synchronized(self) { if (self.isStreaming) { - (void) stopStreaming { if (self.isStreaming) { @synchronized(self) { if (self.isStreaming) { - (void) startStreaming:(NSArray *)watchlistInstrumentData { if (!self.isStreaming) { @synchronized(self) { if (!self.isStreaming) { Is this double check uneccessary? Does the double check have similar problems in objective-c as in java? What are the alternatives to this pattern (anti-pattern). Thanks

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  • Using ftplib for multithread uploads

    - by Arty
    I'm trying to do multithread uploads, but get errors. I guessed that maybe it's impossible to use multithreads with ftplib? Here comes my code: class myThread (threading.Thread): def __init__(self, threadID, src, counter, image_name): self.threadID = threadID self.src = src self.counter = counter self.image_name = image_name threading.Thread.__init__(self) def run(self): uploadFile(self.src, self.image_name) def uploadFile(src, image_name): f = open(src, "rb") ftp.storbinary('STOR ' + image_name, f) f.close() ftp = FTP('host') # connect to host, default port ftp.login() # user anonymous, passwd anonymous@ dirname = "/home/folder/" i = 1 threads = [] for image in os.listdir(dirname): if os.path.isfile(dirname + image): thread = myThread(i , dirname + image, i, image ) thread.start() threads.append( thread ) i += 1 for t in threads: t.join() Get bunch of ftplib errors like raise error_reply, resp error_reply: 200 Type set to I If I try to upload one by one, everything works fine

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  • Right clicking on QHeaderView inside of QTreeView

    - by taynaron
    I've written a descendant of QTreeView with multiple columns. I want to create a popup menu that appears whe nthe user right-clicks over the column headers. I have tried catching signals from QTreeView for this, but QTreeView doesn't seem to emit signals on the headers. QTreeView.header() does. I therefore believe I must either: 1: connect one of QHeaderView's signals to a popup function - I have been unable to find a signal that is triggered on a single right click - I have tried sectionClicked, sectionHandleDoubleClicked, sectionDoubleClicked, sectionPressed (not surprised the double click functions didn't catch a single right click - but they do catch a double right click) self.header().sectionClicked.connect(self.headerMenu) self.header().sectionHandleDoubleClicked.connect(self.headerMenu) self.header().sectionDoubleClicked.connect(self.headerMenu) self.header().sectionPressed.connect(self.headerMenu) or, 2: write a descendant of QHeaderView with my own MousePressEvent function, and use that for my headers. I have so far been unsuccessful in connecting the new header class to the QTreeView descendant. I keep getting a Segmentation Fault on runtime, with no more explanation. #in DiceView's init, where DiceHeaders is the QHeaderView descendant self.setHeader(DiceHeaders()) Any ideas?

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  • GUI freezes when executing def function. Use threads?

    - by wtzolt
    Hi, I've made a small program which has 2 buttons and each does certain thing. Here's a simplified version of the code. Thing is it works fine except that the button freezes and stays in a clicked position and whole GUI freezes until the command is completed. As far as I know threads would be best to use in this situation, but I have no idea how to implement it in this example. I use glade and pygtk for gui. def do1: t = 2 #do something time.sleep(t) #do something time.sleep(t) def do2: t = 3 #do something time.sleep(t) #do something time.sleep(t) class we: wTree = None def __init__( self ): self.wTree = gtk.glade.XML( "ui.glade" ) dic = { "on_buttonSone" : self.sone, "on_buttonStwo" : self.stwo, } self.wTree.signal_autoconnect( dic ) gtk.main() def sone(self, widget): i = 0 while i < 3: t = 1 #do something i += 1 time.sleep(t) self.wTree.get_widget("entryResult").set_text("Done.") def stwo(self, widget): start = time.clock() array = ['A','B'] adict = {'A':do1,'B':do2} for f in array: adict[f]() end = time.clock() elapsed = end - start gg = round(elapsed,2) self.wTree.get_widget("entryResult").set_text(str(gg)) go=we()

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  • how to deal a constructor with an array in Perl

    - by superstar
    whats the difference between these two 'new' constructors in perl? 1) sub new { my $class = shift; my $self = {}; $self->{firstName} = undef; $self->{lastName} = undef; $self->{PEERS} = []; bless ($self, $class); return $self; } 2) sub new { my $class = shift; my $self = { _firstName => shift, _lastName => shift, _ssn => shift, }; bless $self, $class; return $self; } I am using the 2nd one so far, but i need to implement the arrays in perl? can you suggest a way to do it with the 2nd 'new' constructor and how can we use get and set methods on those array variables?

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  • django admin how to limit selectbox values

    - by SledgehammerPL
    model: class Store(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length = 20) class Admin: pass def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Stock(Store): products = models.ManyToManyField(Product) class Admin: pass def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Product(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length = 128, unique = True) parent = models.ForeignKey('self', null = True, blank = True, related_name='children') (...) def __unicode__(self): return self.name mptt.register(Product, order_insertion_by = ['name']) admin.py: from bar.drinkstore.models import Store, Stock from django.contrib import admin admin.site.register(Store) admin.site.register(Stock) Now when I look at admin site I can select any product from the list. But I'd like to have a limited choice - only leaves. In mptt class there's function: is_leaf_node() -- returns True if the model instance is a leaf node (it has no children), False otherwise. But I have no idea how to connect it I'm trying to make a subclass: in admin.py: from bar.drinkstore.models import Store, Stock from django.contrib import admin admin.site.register(Store) class StockAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def queryset(self, request): qs = super(StockAdmin, self).queryset(request).filter(ihavenoideawhatfilter) admin.site.register(Stock, StockAdmin) but I'm not sure if it's right way, and what filter set.

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  • TypeError: unbound method make_request() must be called with XX instance, but how?

    - by Dave
    Running the code below I get E TypeError: unbound method make_request() must be called with A instance as first argument (got str instance instead) I dont want to set make_request method as static, I want to call it from an instance of an object. The example http://pytest.org/latest/fixture.html#fixture-function # content of ./test_smtpsimple.py import pytest @pytest.fixture def smtp(): import smtplib return smtplib.SMTP("merlinux.eu") def test_ehlo(smtp): response, msg = smtp.ehlo() assert response == 250 assert "merlinux" in msg assert 0 # for demo purposes My code """ """ import pytest class A(object): """ """ def __init__(self, name ): """ """ self._prop1 = [name] @property def prop1(self): return self._prop1 @prop1.setter def prop1(self, arguments): self._prop1 = arguments def make_request(self, sex): return 'result' def __call__(self): return self @pytest.fixture() def myfixture(): """ """ A('BigDave') return A def test_validateA(myfixture): result = myfixture.make_request('male') assert result =='result'

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  • django left join with null

    - by SledgehammerPL
    The model: class Product(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length = 128) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Receipt(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=128) components = models.ManyToManyField(Product, through='ReceiptComponent') class Admin: pass def __unicode__(self): return self.name class ReceiptComponent(models.Model): product = models.ForeignKey(Product) receipt = models.ForeignKey(Receipt) quantity = models.FloatField(max_length=9) unit = models.ForeignKey(Unit) def __unicode__(self): return unicode(self.quantity!=0 and self.quantity or '') + ' ' + unicode(self.unit) + ' ' + self.product.genitive The idea: there are a components on stock. I'd like to find out which recipes I can made with components which I have. It's not easy - but possible - I made a SQL view, which gets the solution. But I'm learning python and Django so I'd like to make it Django-style ;D The concept of solution: get the set of recipes which has at last one component: list_of_available_components = ReceiptComponent.objects.filter(product__in=list_of_available_products).distinct() list_of_related_receipts = Receipt.objects.filter(receiptcomponent__in = list_of_available_components).distinct() get recipes (from list_of_related_receipts) which has not at last one component list_of_incomplete_recipes = (SELECT * FROM drinkbook_receiptcomponent LEFT JOIN drinkstore_stock_products USING(product_id) WHERE drinkstore_stock_products.stock_id IS NULL AND receipt_id IN (SELECT receipt_id FROM drinkbook_receiptcomponent JOIN drinkstore_stock_products USING(product_id))) get recipes (from list_of_related_receipts) which are not in "list_of_incomplete_recipes"

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  • Are Python properties broken?

    - by jacob
    How can it be that this test case import unittest class PropTest(unittest.TestCase): def test(self): class C(): val = 'initial val' def get_p(self): return self.val def set_p(self, prop): if prop == 'legal val': self.val = prop prop=property(fget=get_p, fset=set_p) c=C() self.assertEqual('initial val', c.prop) c.prop='legal val' self.assertEqual('legal val', c.prop) c.prop='illegal val' self.assertNotEqual('illegal val', c.prop) fails as below? Failure Traceback (most recent call last): File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/unittest.py", line 279, in run testMethod() File "/Users/jacob/aau/admissions_proj/admissions/plain_old_unit_tests.py", line 24, in test self.assertNotEqual('illegal val', c.prop) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/unittest.py", line 358, in failIfEqual (msg or '%r == %r' % (first, second)) AssertionError: 'illegal val' == 'illegal val'

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  • PHP use of undefined constant error

    - by user272899
    Using a great script to grab details from imdb, I would like to thank Fabian Beiner. Just one error i have encountered with it is: Use of undefined constant sys_get_temp_dir assumed 'sys_get_temp_dir' in '/path/to/directory' on line 49 This is the complete script <?php /** * IMDB PHP Parser * * This class can be used to retrieve data from IMDB.com with PHP. This script will fail once in * a while, when IMDB changes *anything* on their HTML. Guys, it's time to provide an API! * * @link http://fabian-beiner.de * @copyright 2010 Fabian Beiner * @author Fabian Beiner (mail [AT] fabian-beiner [DOT] de) * @license MIT License * * @version 4.1 (February 1st, 2010) * */ class IMDB { private $_sHeader = null; private $_sSource = null; private $_sUrl = null; private $_sId = null; public $_bFound = false; private $_oCookie = '/tmp/imdb-grabber-fb.tmp'; const IMDB_CAST = '#<a href="/name/(\w+)/" onclick="\(new Image\(\)\)\.src=\'/rg/castlist/position-(\d|\d\d)/images/b\.gif\?link=/name/(\w+)/\';">(.*)</a>#Ui'; const IMDB_COUNTRY = '#<a href="/Sections/Countries/(\w+)/">#Ui'; const IMDB_DIRECTOR = '#<a href="/name/(\w+)/" onclick="\(new Image\(\)\)\.src=\'/rg/directorlist/position-(\d|\d\d)/images/b.gif\?link=name/(\w+)/\';">(.*)</a><br/>#Ui'; const IMDB_GENRE = '#<a href="/Sections/Genres/(\w+|\w+\-\w+)/">(\w+|\w+\-\w+)</a>#Ui'; const IMDB_MPAA = '#<h5><a href="/mpaa">MPAA</a>:</h5>\s*<div class="info-content">\s*(.*)\s*</div>#Ui'; const IMDB_PLOT = '#<h5>Plot:</h5>\s*<div class="info-content">\s*(.*)\s*<a#Ui'; const IMDB_POSTER = '#<a name="poster" href="(.*)" title="(.*)"><img border="0" alt="(.*)" title="(.*)" src="(.*)" /></a>#Ui'; const IMDB_RATING = '#<b>(\d\.\d/10)</b>#Ui'; const IMDB_RELEASE_DATE = '#<h5>Release Date:</h5>\s*\s*<div class="info-content">\s*(.*) \((.*)\)#Ui'; const IMDB_RUNTIME = '#<h5>Runtime:</h5>\s*<div class="info-content">\s*(.*)\s*</div>#Ui'; const IMDB_SEARCH = '#<b>Media from&nbsp;<a href="/title/tt(\d+)/"#i'; const IMDB_TAGLINE = '#<h5>Tagline:</h5>\s*<div class="info-content">\s*(.*)\s*</div>#Ui'; const IMDB_TITLE = '#<title>(.*) \((.*)\)</title>#Ui'; const IMDB_URL = '#http://(.*\.|.*)imdb.com/(t|T)itle(\?|/)(..\d+)#i'; const IMDB_VOTES = '#&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="ratings" class="tn15more">(.*) votes</a>#Ui'; const IMDB_WRITER = '#<a href="/name/(\w+)/" onclick="\(new Image\(\)\)\.src=\'/rg/writerlist/position-(\d|\d\d)/images/b\.gif\?link=name/(\w+)/\';">(.*)</a>#Ui'; const IMDB_REDIRECT = '#Location: (.*)#'; /** * Public constructor. * * @param string $sSearch */ public function __construct($sSearch) { if (function_exists(sys_get_temp_dir)) { $this->_oCookie = tempnam(sys_get_temp_dir(), 'imdb'); } $sUrl = $this->findUrl($sSearch); if ($sUrl) { $bFetch = $this->fetchUrl($this->_sUrl); $this->_bFound = true; } } /** * Little REGEX helper. * * @param string $sRegex * @param string $sContent * @param int $iIndex; */ private function getMatch($sRegex, $sContent, $iIndex = 1) { preg_match($sRegex, $sContent, $aMatches); if ($iIndex > count($aMatches)) return; if ($iIndex == null) { return $aMatches; } return $aMatches[(int)$iIndex]; } /** * Little REGEX helper, I should find one that works for both... ;/ * * @param string $sRegex * @param int $iIndex; */ private function getMatches($sRegex, $iIndex = null) { preg_match_all($sRegex, $this->_sSource, $aMatches); if ((int)$iIndex) return $aMatches[$iIndex]; return $aMatches; } /** * Save an image. * * @param string $sUrl */ private function saveImage($sUrl) { $sUrl = trim($sUrl); $bolDir = false; if (!is_dir(getcwd() . '/posters')) { if (mkdir(getcwd() . '/posters', 0777)) { $bolDir = true; } } $sFilename = getcwd() . '/posters/' . preg_replace("#[^0-9]#", "", basename($sUrl)) . '.jpg'; if (file_exists($sFilename)) { return 'posters/' . basename($sFilename); } if (is_dir(getcwd() . '/posters') OR $bolDir) { if (function_exists('curl_init')) { $oCurl = curl_init($sUrl); curl_setopt_array($oCurl, array ( CURLOPT_VERBOSE => 0, CURLOPT_HEADER => 0, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => 1, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => 5, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT => 5, CURLOPT_REFERER => $sUrl, CURLOPT_BINARYTRANSFER => 1)); $sOutput = curl_exec($oCurl); curl_close($oCurl); $oFile = fopen($sFilename, 'x'); fwrite($oFile, $sOutput); fclose($oFile); return 'posters/' . basename($sFilename); } else { $oImg = imagecreatefromjpeg($sUrl); imagejpeg($oImg, $sFilename); return 'posters/' . basename($sFilename); } return false; } return false; } /** * Find a valid Url out of the passed argument. * * @param string $sSearch */ private function findUrl($sSearch) { $sSearch = trim($sSearch); if ($aUrl = $this->getMatch(self::IMDB_URL, $sSearch, 4)) { $this->_sId = 'tt' . preg_replace('[^0-9]', '', $aUrl); $this->_sUrl = 'http://www.imdb.com/title/' . $this->_sId .'/'; return true; } else { $sTemp = 'http://www.imdb.com/find?s=all&q=' . str_replace(' ', '+', $sSearch) . '&x=0&y=0'; $bFetch = $this->fetchUrl($sTemp); if( $this->isRedirect() ) { return true; } else if ($bFetch) { if ($strMatch = $this->getMatch(self::IMDB_SEARCH, $this->_sSource)) { $this->_sUrl = 'http://www.imdb.com/title/tt' . $strMatch . '/'; unset($this->_sSource); return true; } } } return false; } /** * Find if result is redirected directly to exact movie. */ private function isRedirect() { if ($strMatch = $this->getMatch(self::IMDB_REDIRECT, $this->_sHeader)) { $this->_sUrl = $strMatch; unset($this->_sSource); unset($this->_sHeader); return true; } return false; } /** * Fetch data from given Url. * Uses cURL if installed, otherwise falls back to file_get_contents. * * @param string $sUrl * @param int $iTimeout; */ private function fetchUrl($sUrl, $iTimeout = 15) { $sUrl = trim($sUrl); if (function_exists('curl_init')) { $oCurl = curl_init($sUrl); curl_setopt_array($oCurl, array ( CURLOPT_VERBOSE => 0, CURLOPT_HEADER => 1, CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT => true, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => 1, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => (int)$iTimeout, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT => (int)$iTimeout, CURLOPT_REFERER => $sUrl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION => 0, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE => $this->_oCookie, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR => $this->_oCookie, CURLOPT_USERAGENT => 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2) Gecko/20100115 Firefox/3.6' )); $sOutput = curl_exec($oCurl); if ($sOutput === false) { return false; } $aInfo = curl_getinfo($oCurl); if ($aInfo['http_code'] != 200 && $aInfo['http_code'] != 302) { return false; } $sTmpHeader = strpos($sOutput, "\r\n\r\n"); $this->_sHeader = substr($sOutput, 0, $sTmpHeader); $this->_sSource = str_replace("\n", '', substr($sOutput, $sTmpHeader+1)); curl_close($oCurl); return true; } else { $sOutput = @file_get_contents($sUrl, 0); if (strpos($http_response_header[0], '200') === false){ return false; } $this->_sSource = str_replace("\n", '', (string)$sOutput); return true; } return false; } /** * Returns the cast. */ public function getCast($iOutput = null, $bMore = true) { if ($this->_sSource) { $sReturned = $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_CAST, 4); if (is_array($sReturned)) { if ($iOutput) { foreach ($sReturned as $i => $sName) { if ($i >= $iOutput) break; $sReturn[] = $sName; } return implode(' / ', $sReturn) . (($bMore) ? '&hellip;' : ''); } return implode(' / ', $sReturned); } return $sReturned; } return 'n/A'; } /** * Returns the cast as links. */ public function getCastAsUrl($iOutput = null, $bMore = true) { if ($this->_sSource) { $sReturned1 = $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_CAST, 4); $sReturned2 = $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_CAST, 3); if (is_array($sReturned1)) { if ($iOutput) { foreach ($sReturned1 as $i => $sName) { if ($i >= $iOutput) break; $aReturn[] = '<a href="http://www.imdb.com/name/' . $sReturned2[$i] . '/">' . $sName . '</a>';; } return implode(' / ', $aReturn) . (($bMore) ? '&hellip;' : ''); } return implode(' / ', $sReturned); } return '<a href="http://www.imdb.com/name/' . $sReturned2 . '/">' . $sReturned1 . '</a>';; } return 'n/A'; } /** * Returns the countr(y|ies). */ public function getCountry() { if ($this->_sSource) { $sReturned = $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_COUNTRY, 1); if (is_array($sReturned)) { return implode(' / ', $sReturned); } return $sReturned; } return 'n/A'; } /** * Returns the countr(y|ies) as link(s). */ public function getCountryAsUrl() { if ($this->_sSource) { $sReturned = $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_COUNTRY, 1); if (is_array($sReturned)) { foreach ($sReturned as $sCountry) { $aReturn[] = '<a href="http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Countries/' . $sCountry . '/">' . $sCountry . '</a>'; } return implode(' / ', $aReturn); } return '<a href="http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Countries/' . $sReturned . '/">' . $sReturned . '</a>'; } return 'n/A'; } /** * Returns the director(s). */ public function getDirector() { if ($this->_sSource) { $sReturned = $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_DIRECTOR, 4); if (is_array($sReturned)) { return implode(' / ', $sReturned); } return $sReturned; } return 'n/A'; } /** * Returns the director(s) as link(s). */ public function getDirectorAsUrl() { if ($this->_sSource) { $sReturned1 = $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_DIRECTOR, 4); $sReturned2 = $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_DIRECTOR, 1); if (is_array($sReturned1)) { foreach ($sReturned1 as $i => $sDirector) { $aReturn[] = '<a href="http://www.imdb.com/name/' . $sReturned2[$i] . '/">' . $sDirector . '</a>'; } return implode(' / ', $aReturn); } return '<a href="http://www.imdb.com/name/' . $sReturned2 . '/">' . $sReturned1 . '</a>'; } return 'n/A'; } /** * Returns the genre(s). */ public function getGenre() { if ($this->_sSource) { $sReturned = $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_GENRE, 1); if (is_array($sReturned)) { return implode(' / ', $sReturned); } return $sReturned; } return 'n/A'; } /** * Returns the genre(s) as link(s). */ public function getGenreAsUrl() { if ($this->_sSource) { $sReturned = $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_GENRE, 1); if (is_array($sReturned)) { foreach ($sReturned as $i => $sGenre) { $aReturn[] = '<a href="http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Genres/' . $sGenre . '/">' . $sGenre . '</a>'; } return implode(' / ', $aReturn); } return '<a href="http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Genres/' . $sReturned . '/">' . $sReturned . '</a>'; } return 'n/A'; } /** * Returns the mpaa. */ public function getMpaa() { if ($this->_sSource) { return implode('' , $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_MPAA, 1)); } return 'n/A'; } /** * Returns the plot. */ public function getPlot() { if ($this->_sSource) { return implode('' , $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_PLOT, 1)); } return 'n/A'; } /** * Download the poster, cache it and return the local path to the image. */ public function getPoster() { if ($this->_sSource) { if ($sPoster = $this->saveImage(implode("", $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_POSTER, 5)), 'poster.jpg')) { return $sPoster; } return implode('', $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_POSTER, 5)); } return 'n/A'; } /** * Returns the rating. */ public function getRating() { if ($this->_sSource) { return implode('', $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_RATING, 1)); } return 'n/A'; } /** * Returns the release date. */ public function getReleaseDate() { if ($this->_sSource) { return implode('', $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_RELEASE_DATE, 1)); } return 'n/A'; } /** * Returns the runtime of the current movie. */ public function getRuntime() { if ($this->_sSource) { return implode('', $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_RUNTIME, 1)); } return 'n/A'; } /** * Returns the tagline. */ public function getTagline() { if ($this->_sSource) { return implode('', $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_TAGLINE, 1)); } return 'n/A'; } /** * Get the release date of the current movie. */ public function getTitle() { if ($this->_sSource) { return implode('', $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_TITLE, 1)); } return 'n/A'; } /** * Returns the url. */ public function getUrl() { return $this->_sUrl; } /** * Get the votes of the current movie. */ public function getVotes() { if ($this->_sSource) { return implode('', $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_VOTES, 1)); } return 'n/A'; } /** * Get the year of the current movie. */ public function getYear() { if ($this->_sSource) { return implode('', $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_TITLE, 2)); } return 'n/A'; } /** * Returns the writer(s). */ public function getWriter() { if ($this->_sSource) { $sReturned = $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_WRITER, 4); if (is_array($sReturned)) { return implode(' / ', $sReturned); } return $sReturned; } return 'n/A'; } /** * Returns the writer(s) as link(s). */ public function getWriterAsUrl() { if ($this->_sSource) { $sReturned1 = $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_WRITER, 4); $sReturned2 = $this->getMatches(self::IMDB_WRITER, 1); if (is_array($sReturned1)) { foreach ($sReturned1 as $i => $sWriter) { $aReturn[] = '<a href="http://www.imdb.com/name/' . $sReturned2[$i] . '/">' . $sWriter . '</a>'; } return implode(' / ', $aReturn); } return '<a href="http://www.imdb.com/name/' . $sReturned2 . '/">' . $sReturned1 . '</a>'; } return 'n/A'; } } ?>

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  • Trying to reduce the speed overhead of an almost-but-not-quite-int number class

    - by Fumiyo Eda
    I have implemented a C++ class which behaves very similarly to the standard int type. The difference is that it has an additional concept of "epsilon" which represents some tiny value that is much less than 1, but greater than 0. One way to think of it is as a very wide fixed point number with 32 MSBs (the integer parts), 32 LSBs (the epsilon parts) and a huge sea of zeros in between. The following class works, but introduces a ~2x speed penalty in the overall program. (The program includes code that has nothing to do with this class, so the actual speed penalty of this class is probably much greater than 2x.) I can't paste the code that is using this class, but I can say the following: +, -, +=, <, > and >= are the only heavily used operators. Use of setEpsilon() and getInt() is extremely rare. * is also rare, and does not even need to consider the epsilon values at all. Here is the class: #include <limits> struct int32Uepsilon { typedef int32Uepsilon Self; int32Uepsilon () { _value = 0; _eps = 0; } int32Uepsilon (const int &i) { _value = i; _eps = 0; } void setEpsilon() { _eps = 1; } Self operator+(const Self &rhs) const { Self result = *this; result._value += rhs._value; result._eps += rhs._eps; return result; } Self operator-(const Self &rhs) const { Self result = *this; result._value -= rhs._value; result._eps -= rhs._eps; return result; } Self operator-( ) const { Self result = *this; result._value = -result._value; result._eps = -result._eps; return result; } Self operator*(const Self &rhs) const { return this->getInt() * rhs.getInt(); } // XXX: discards epsilon bool operator<(const Self &rhs) const { return (_value < rhs._value) || (_value == rhs._value && _eps < rhs._eps); } bool operator>(const Self &rhs) const { return (_value > rhs._value) || (_value == rhs._value && _eps > rhs._eps); } bool operator>=(const Self &rhs) const { return (_value >= rhs._value) || (_value == rhs._value && _eps >= rhs._eps); } Self &operator+=(const Self &rhs) { this->_value += rhs._value; this->_eps += rhs._eps; return *this; } Self &operator-=(const Self &rhs) { this->_value -= rhs._value; this->_eps -= rhs._eps; return *this; } int getInt() const { return(_value); } private: int _value; int _eps; }; namespace std { template<> struct numeric_limits<int32Uepsilon> { static const bool is_signed = true; static int max() { return 2147483647; } } }; The code above works, but it is quite slow. Does anyone have any ideas on how to improve performance? There are a few hints/details I can give that might be helpful: 32 bits are definitely insufficient to hold both _value and _eps. In practice, up to 24 ~ 28 bits of _value are used and up to 20 bits of _eps are used. I could not measure a significant performance difference between using int32_t and int64_t, so memory overhead itself is probably not the problem here. Saturating addition/subtraction on _eps would be cool, but isn't really necessary. Note that the signs of _value and _eps are not necessarily the same! This broke my first attempt at speeding this class up. Inline assembly is no problem, so long as it works with GCC on a Core i7 system running Linux!

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  • Can you change/redirect a django form's function by passing in your own function?

    - by Derek
    I'm dealing with django-paypal and want to change the button src images. So I went the the conf.py file in the source and edited the src destination. However, I really want to leave the source alone, and I noticed that the class PayPalPaymentsForm(forms.Form): has def get_image(self): return { (True, self.SUBSCRIBE): SUBSCRIPTION_SANDBOX_IMAGE, (True, self.BUY): SANDBOX_IMAGE, (True, self.DONATE): DONATION_SANDBOX_IMAGE, (False, self.SUBSCRIBE): SUBSCRIPTION_IMAGE, (False, self.BUY): IMAGE, (False, self.DONATE): DONATION_IMAGE, }[TEST, self.button_type] which handles all the image src destinations. Since changing this def in the source is worse than changing conf, I was wondering if there was a way to pass in customized defs you make like passing in initial arguments in forms? This way no source code is changed, and I can customize the get_image def as much as I need. passing in def something like this? def get_image(self): .... .... paypal = { 'amount': 10, 'item_name': 'test1', 'item_number': 'test1_slug', # PayPal wants a unique invoice ID 'invoice': str(uuid.uuid4()), } form = PayPalPaymentsForm(initial=paypal, get_image) Thanks!

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  • How does this If conditional work in Python?

    - by Sergio Boombastic
    from google.appengine.api import users from google.appengine.ext import webapp from google.appengine.ext.webapp.util import run_wsgi_app class MainPage(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): user = users.get_current_user() if user: self.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain' self.response.out.write('Hello, ' + user.nickname()) else: self.redirect(users.create_login_url(self.request.uri)) application = webapp.WSGIApplication( [('/', MainPage)], debug=True) def main(): run_wsgi_app(application) if __name__ == "__main__": main() I don't understand how this line works: if user: self.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain' self.response.out.write('Hello, ' + user.nickname()) else: self.redirect(users.create_login_url(self.request.uri)) I'm guessing the users.get_current_user() return a boolean? Then, if that is the case how can it get a .nickname() method? Thanks for the guidance.

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  • How can I add a field with an array value to my Perl object?

    - by superstar
    What's the difference between these two constructors in perl? 1) sub new { my $class = shift; my $self = {}; $self->{firstName} = undef; $self->{lastName} = undef; $self->{PEERS} = []; bless ($self, $class); return $self; } 2) sub new { my $class = shift; my $self = { _firstName => shift, _lastName => shift, _ssn => shift, }; bless $self, $class; return $self; } I am using the second one so far, but I need to implement the PEERS array in the second one? How do I do it with the second constructor and how can we use get and set methods on those array variables?

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  • Dynamic Operator Overloading on dict classes in Python

    - by Ishpeck
    I have a class that dynamically overloads basic arithmetic operators like so... import operator class IshyNum: def __init__(self, n): self.num=n self.buildArith() def arithmetic(self, other, o): return o(self.num, other) def buildArith(self): map(lambda o: setattr(self, "__%s__"%o,lambda f: self.arithmetic(f, getattr(operator, o))), ["add", "sub", "mul", "div"]) if __name__=="__main__": number=IshyNum(5) print number+5 print number/2 print number*3 print number-3 But if I change the class to inherit from the dictionary (class IshyNum(dict):) it doesn't work. I need to explicitly def __add__(self, other) or whatever in order for this to work. Why?

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