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  • AABB - AABB Collision, which face do I hit?

    - by PeeS
    To allow my objects to slide when they collide, I need to : Know which face of the AABB they collide with. Calculate the normal to that face. Return the normal and calculate the impulse that to apply to the player's velocity. Question How can I calculate which face of the AABB I collided with, knowing that I have two AABB's colliding? One is the player and the other is a world object. Here's what that looks like (problem collision circled in white): Thank you for your help.

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  • Efficient way to render tile-based map in Java

    - by Lucius
    Some time ago I posted here because I was having some memory issues with a game I'm working on. That has been pretty much solved thanks to some suggestions here, so I decided to come back with another problem I'm having. Basically, I feel that too much of the CPU is being used when rendering the map. I have a Core i5-2500 processor and when running the game, the CPU usage is about 35% - and I can't accept that that's just how it has to be. This is how I'm going about rendering the map: I have the X and Y coordinates of the player, so I'm not drawing the whole map, just the visible portion of it; The number of visible tiles on screen varies according to the resolution chosen by the player (the CPU usage is 35% here when playing at a resolution of 1440x900); If the tile is "empty", I just skip drawing it (this didn't visibly lower the CPU usage, but reduced the drawing time in about 20ms); The map is composed of 5 layers - for more details; The tiles are 32x32 pixels; And just to be on the safe side, I'll post the code for drawing the game here, although it's as messy and unreadable as it can be T_T (I'll try to make it a little readable) private void drawGame(Graphics2D g2d){ //Width and Height of the visible portion of the map (not of the screen) int visionWidht = visibleCols * TILE_SIZE; int visionHeight = visibleRows * TILE_SIZE; //Since the map can be smaller than the screen, I center it just to be sure int xAdjust = (getWidth() - visionWidht) / 2; int yAdjust = (getHeight() - visionHeight) / 2; //This "deducedX" thing is to move the map a few pixels horizontally, since the player moves by pixels and not full tiles int playerDrawX = listOfCharacters.get(0).getX(); int deducedX = 0; if (listOfCharacters.get(0).currentCol() - visibleCols / 2 >= 0) { playerDrawX = visibleCols / 2 * TILE_SIZE; map_draw_col = listOfCharacters.get(0).currentCol() - visibleCols / 2; deducedX = listOfCharacters.get(0).getXCol(); } //"deducedY" is the same deal as "deducedX", but vertically int playerDrawY = listOfCharacters.get(0).getY(); int deducedY = 0; if (listOfCharacters.get(0).currentRow() - visibleRows / 2 >= 0) { playerDrawY = visibleRows / 2 * TILE_SIZE; map_draw_row = listOfCharacters.get(0).currentRow() - visibleRows / 2; deducedY = listOfCharacters.get(0).getYRow(); } int max_cols = visibleCols + map_draw_col; if (max_cols >= map.getCols()) { max_cols = map.getCols() - 1; deducedX = 0; map_draw_col = max_cols - visibleCols + 1; playerDrawX = listOfCharacters.get(0).getX() - map_draw_col * TILE_SIZE; } int max_rows = visibleRows + map_draw_row; if (max_rows >= map.getRows()) { max_rows = map.getRows() - 1; deducedY = 0; map_draw_row = max_rows - visibleRows + 1; playerDrawY = listOfCharacters.get(0).getY() - map_draw_row * TILE_SIZE; } //map_draw_row and map_draw_col representes the coordinate of the upper left tile on the screen //iterate through all the tiles on screen and draw them - this is what consumes most of the CPU for (int col = map_draw_col; col <= max_cols; col++) { for (int row = map_draw_row; row <= max_rows; row++) { Tile[] tiles = map.getTiles(col, row); for(int layer = 0; layer < tiles.length; layer++){ Tile currentTile = tiles[layer]; boolean shouldDraw = true; //I only draw the tile if it exists and is not empty (id=-1) if(currentTile != null && currentTile.getId() >= 0){ //The layers above 1 can be draw behing or infront of the player according to where it's standing if(layer > 1 && currentTile.getId() >= 0){ if(playerBehind(col, row, layer, listOfCharacters.get(0))){ behinds.get(0).add(new int[]{col, row}); //the tiles that are infront of the player wont be draw right now shouldDraw = false; } } if(shouldDraw){ g2d.drawImage( tiles[layer].getImage(), (col-map_draw_col)*TILE_SIZE - deducedX + xAdjust, (row-map_draw_row)*TILE_SIZE - deducedY + yAdjust, null); } } } } } } There's some more code in this method but nothing relevant to this question. Basically, the biggest problem is that I iterate over around 5000 tiles (in this specific resolution) 60 times each second. I thought about rendering the visible portion of the map once and storing it into a BufferedImage and when the player moved move the whole image the same amount but to the opposite side and then drawn the tiles that appeared on the screen, but if I do it like that, I wont be able to have animated tiles (at least I think). That being said, any suggestions?

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  • what is the easiest way to make a hitbox that rotates with it's texture

    - by Matthew Optional Meehan
    In xna when you have a sprite that doesnt rotate it's very easy to get the four corner of a sprite to make a hitbox, but when you do a rotation the points get moved and I assume there is some kind of math that I can use to aquire them. I am using the four points to draw a rectangle that visually represents the hitboxes. I have seen some per-pixel collission examples but I can forsee they would be hard to draw a box/'convex hull' around. I have also seen physics like farseer but I'm not sure if there is a quick tutorial to do what I want. What do you guys think is the best approach becuase I am looking to complete this work by the end of the week.

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  • How do I scroll in the physical world?

    - by Esteban Quintero
    I am using andengine to make a game where a sprite (player) is going up across the stage, this is my world. final Rectangle ground = new Rectangle(0, CAMERA_HEIGHT - 2, CAMERA_WIDTH, 2, vertexBufferObjectManager); final Rectangle roof = new Rectangle(0, 0, CAMERA_WIDTH, 2, vertexBufferObjectManager); final Rectangle left = new Rectangle(0, 0, 2, CAMERA_HEIGHT, vertexBufferObjectManager); final Rectangle right = new Rectangle(CAMERA_WIDTH - 2, 0, 2, CAMERA_HEIGHT, vertexBufferObjectManager); final FixtureDef wallFixtureDef = PhysicsFactory.createFixtureDef(0, 0.5f, 0.5f); PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, ground, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef); PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, roof, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef); PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, left, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef); PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, right, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef); /* Create two sprits and add it to the scene. */ this.mScene.setBackground(autoParallaxBackground); this.mScene.attachChild(ground); this.mScene.attachChild(roof); this.mScene.attachChild(left); this.mScene.attachChild(right); this.mScene.registerUpdateHandler(this.mPhysicsWorld); The problem is that if the sprite reaches up and hits the wall, as I scroll here?

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  • How can I get into the educational market?

    - by mmyers
    I believe that my current game project is very well-suited for educational gaming; so well-suited, in fact, that I know of several different schools (one community college and at least one or two high schools) that have used versions of it at some time or another. And that's without any such marketing on my part. I'd like to expand on this part of the potential user base. But I have absolutely no experience in dealing with school administrations. How can I break into this market enough to be noticed? And on a side note, could marketing the game as educational kill the gamers market?

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  • Why my collision detection is not accurate?

    - by optimisez
    After trying and trying, I still cannot understand why the leg of character exceeds the wall but no clipping issue when I hit the wall from below. How should I fix it to make him standstill on the wall? void initPlayer() { // Create texture. hr = D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx(d3dDevice, "player.png", 169, 44, D3DX_DEFAULT, NULL, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255), NULL, NULL, &player); playerRect.left = playerRect.top = 0; playerRect.right = 29; playerRect.bottom = 36; playerDest.X = 0; playerDest.Y = 564; playerDest.length = playerRect.right - playerRect.left; playerDest.height = playerRect.bottom - playerRect.top; } void initBox() { hr = D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx(d3dDevice, "brock.png", 330, 132, D3DX_DEFAULT, NULL, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255), NULL, NULL, &box); boxRect.left = 33; boxRect.top = 0; boxRect.right = 63; boxRect.bottom = 30; boxDest.X = boxDest.Y = 300; boxDest.length = boxRect.right - boxRect.left; boxDest.height = boxRect.bottom - boxRect.top; } bool spriteCollide(Entity player, Entity target) { float left1, left2; float right1, right2; float top1, top2; float bottom1, bottom2; left1 = player.X; left2 = target.X; right1 = player.X + player.length; right2 = target.X + target.length; top1 = player.Y; top2 = target.Y; bottom1 = player.Y + player.height; bottom2 = target.Y + target.height; if (bottom1 < top2) return false; if (top1 > bottom2) return false; if (right1 < left2) return false; if (left1 > right2) return false; return true; } void collideWithBox() { if ( spriteCollide(playerDest, boxDest) && keyArr[VK_UP]) //playerDest.Y += 50; playerDest.Y = boxDest.Y + boxDest.height; else if ( spriteCollide(playerDest, boxDest) && !keyArr[VK_UP]) playerDest.Y = boxDest.Y - boxDest.height; }

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  • Opengl + SDL linking error

    - by me2loveit2
    I am trying to load an image as a texture with opengl using c++ in visual studio 2010. I researched a couple hours online and found the SDL library, then I implemented a simple example and got some linking error I can not seem to figure out. The error log is here: 1Build started 10/20/2012 12:09:17 AM. 1InitializeBuildStatus: 1 Touching "Debug\texture mapping test.unsuccessfulbuild". 1ClCompile: 1 All outputs are up-to-date. 1 texture mapping test.cpp 1ManifestResourceCompile: 1 All outputs are up-to-date. 1texture mapping test.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _IMG_Load referenced in function "void __cdecl display(void)" (?display@@YAXXZ) 1MSVCRTD.lib(crtexe.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol main referenced in function __tmainCRTStartup 1C:\Users\Me\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\Programming projects\texture mapping test\Debug\texture mapping test.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 2 unresolved externals 1 1Build FAILED. 1 1Time Elapsed 00:00:02.45 ========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ========== Can someone please help me!! I am at a desperate point right now. I downloaded the SDL, and copied all the .h file into: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\Include I added the .lib (x86) files into://as a not i tried the (x64) file too but got the exact same error C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\Lib and the .dll(x86) into: C:\Windows\System32 For implementing textures, I used the simple sample code from: http://www.sdltutorials.com/sdl-tip-sdl-surface-to-opengl-texture Please let me know if you can see me doing something wrong, or know how I can fix this!! Thanks Phil

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  • What kind of physics to choose for our arcade 3D MMO?

    - by Nick
    We're creating an action MMO using Three.js (WebGL) with an arcadish feel, and implementing physics for it has been a pain in the butt. Our game has a terrain where the character will walk on, and in the future 3D objects (a house, a tree, etc) that will have collisions. In terms of complexity, the physics engine should be like World of Warcraft. We don't need friction, bouncing behaviour or anything more complex like joints, etc. Just gravity. I have managed to implement terrain physics so far by casting a ray downwards, but it does not take into account possible 3D objects. Note that these 3D objects need to have convex collisions, so our artists create a 3D house and the player can walk inside but can't walk through the walls. How do I implement proper collision detection with 3D objects like in World of Warcraft? Do I need an advanced physics engine? I read about Physijs which looks cool, but I fear that it may be overkill to implement that for our game. Also, how does WoW do it? Do they have a separate raycasting system for the terrain? Or do they treat the terrain like any other convex mesh? A screenshot of our game so far:

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  • Any learning/studying material for C/C++ that use game programming as learning context out there?

    - by mac
    As most of game programming is done - I read on this very site - in C/C++ I was wondering if there is any learning/studying material for C/C++ that would target specifically game programming. I am not looking for material about "developing games" or "software architecture for games", but rather for material that uses "game programming" as the CONTEXT for introducing and illustrating C/C++ features, idioms, programming techniques, etc... With a simile: think to the GOF book on design patterns. There, they used "developing a text-editor" as a context for introducing design patterns, but the book is most definitively not a book about "developing text-editors". Thanks in advance for your time and advice! PS: My background: I am a programmer with a solid experience in OO scripting languages and only some experience in C and Assembler (on AVR microcontrollers), so I am thinking to mid-to-advanced level material, rather than tutorials for beginners, although it might be interesting to take a look to the latter ones if nothing else is available.

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  • I love video games and know I want to work in the sector but hate programming

    - by normyp
    I just hate how I'll put in 8-10 hours in and get little to nothing back. The return results for your efforts seem to be pathetically small the majority of the time and I don't find that rewarding enough for me to put in the time and effort to learn programming and make myself better. I've heard game design is fun and I think I'd love that but apparently you can only get into that really if you can program, is that true? I feel a bit lost because I'm doing a degree in Games Technology and am worried that I'm sending myself into a job I'll hate.

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  • How to manage Areas/Levels in an RPG?

    - by Hexlan
    I'm working on an RPG and I'm trying to figure out how to manage the different levels/areas in the game. Currently I create a new state (source file) for every area, defining its unique aspects. My concern is that as the game grows the number of class files will become unmanageable with all the towns, houses, shops, dungeons, etc. that I need to keep track of. I would also prefer to separate my levels from the source code because non-programmer members of the team will be creating levels, and I would like the engine to be as free from game specific code as possible. I'm thinking of creating a class that provides all the functions that will be the same between all the levels/areas with a unique member variable that can be used to look up level specifics from data. This way I only need to define level/area once in the code, but can create multiple instances each with its own unique aspects provided by data. Is this a good way to go about solving the issue? Is there a better way to handle a growing number of levels?

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  • Remove enemy when bullet hits enemy

    - by jordi12100
    For my education I have to make a basic game in HTML5 canvas. The game is a shooter game. When you can move left - right and space is shoot. When I shoot the bullets will move up. The enemy moves down. When the bullet hits the enemy the enemy has to dissapear and it will gain +1 score. But the enemy will dissapear after it comes up the screen. Demo: http://jordikroon.nl/test.html space = shoot + enemy shows up This is my code: for (i=0;i<enemyX.length;i++) { if(enemyX[i] > canvas.height) { enemyY.splice(i,1); enemyX.splice(i,1); } else { enemyY[i] += 5; moveEnemy(enemyX[i],enemyY[i]); } } for (i=0;i<bulletX.length;i++) { if(bulletY[i] < 0) { bulletY.splice(i,1); bulletX.splice(i,1); } else { bulletY[i] -= 5; moveBullet(bulletX[i],bulletY[i]); for (ib=0;ib<enemyX.length;ib++) { if(bulletX[i] + 50 < enemyX[ib] || enemyX[ib] + 50 < bulletX[i] || bulletY[i] + 50 < enemyY[ib] || enemyY[ib] + 50 < bulletY[i]) { ++score; enemyY.splice(i,1); enemyX.splice(i,1); } } } } Objects: function moveBullet(posX,posY) { //console.log(posY); ctx.arc(posX, (posY-150), 10, 0 , 2 * Math.PI, false); } function moveEnemy(posX,posY) { ctx.rect(posX, posY, 50, 50); ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff'; ctx.fill(); }

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  • Rain drops on screen

    - by user1075940
    I am trying to make simple rain drop effect on screen.Something like this http://fc00.deviantart.net/fs20/f/2007/302/5/6/Rain_drops_by_rockraikar.png My idea is to: Create small drop shaped normal textures,randomly put few on screen,apply texture perturbation and mix with current frame pixels. Here are my questions: -Does this idea even have sense?How professionals do this effect?Everything from text to code will be appreciated -How to pass pixels to shader of already rendered frame?

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  • SDL 2.0: is there a library to create 2D particle effects rapidly?

    - by mm24
    I would like to create an light/explosion particle effect using some in built library. I am used to Cocos2D where there are specific classes that you can simply initialize in a certain position and producing a certain particle effect. Is there a way to do so in SDL 2.0 C++? I have found this tutorial but it seems to go for a "build it yoursefl" solution, which is ok but I do not want to re-invent the wheel if someone else has already built it.

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  • Box2D platformer movement. Are joints a good idea?

    - by Romeo
    So i smashed my brains trying to make my character move. As i wanted later in the game to add explosions and bullets it wasn't a good idea to mess with the velocity and the forces/impulses didn't work as i expected so something stuck in my mind: Is it a good idea to put at his bottom a wheel(circle) which is invisible to the player that will do the movement by rotation? I will attach this to my main body with a revolute joint but i don't really know how to make the main body and wheel body to don't collide one with each other since funny things can happen. What is your oppinion?

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  • Where have the Direct3D 11 tutorials on MSDN have gone?

    - by Cam Jackson
    I've had this tutorial bookmarked for ages. I've just decided to give DX11 a real go, so I've gone through that tutorial, but I can't find where the next one in the series is! There are no links from that page to either the next in the series, or back up to the table of contents that lists all of the tutorials. These are just companion tutorials to the samples that come with the SDK, but I find them very helpful. Searching MSDN from google and the MSDN Bing search box has turned up nothing, it's like they've removed all links to these tutorials, but the pages are still there if you have the URLs. Unfortunately, MSDN URLs are akin to youtube URLs, so I can't just guess the URL of the next tutorial. Anyone have any idea what happened to these tutorials, or how I can find the others?

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  • Algorithm to simplify building/structural meshes

    - by morpheus
    I am looking for an algorithm to simplify the meshes of buildings or similar structures. EDIT: I had made a comment that Hoppe's algorithm tends to make meshes more and more spherical with simplification. But, I am not sure about it, so am deleting the comment. Buildings in contrast should tend to become more and more rectangular with increasing simplification. The D3DX extensions for D3D in version 9.0 (d3dx9.lib) used to have classes to do progressive mesh simplification. See: http://doc.51windows.net/Directx9_SDK/?url=/directx9_sdk/graphics/reference/d3dx/functions/mesh/d3dxgeneratepmesh.htm http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb281243(v=vs.85).aspx

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  • Bouncing ball isssue

    - by user
    I am currently working on the 2D Bouncing ball physics that bounces the ball up and down. The physics behaviour works fine but at the end the velocity keep +3 then 0 non-stop even the ball has stopped bouncing. How should I modify the code to fix this issue? ballPos = D3DXVECTOR2( 50, 100 ); velocity = 0; accelaration = 3.0f; isBallUp = false; void GameClass::Update() { velocity += accelaration; ballPos.y += velocity; if ( ballPos.y >= 590 ) isBallUp = true; else isBallUp = false; if ( isBallUp ) { ballPos.y = 590; velocity *= -1; } // Graphics Rendering m_Graphics.BeginFrame(); ComposeFrame(); m_Graphics.EndFrame(); }

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  • It's possible to fulfill the social necessity of a human being through a social game in 3D like IMVU?

    - by Totty
    (I'm not advertising nor promoting this game, as it's just an example of my experience and I would like to have your opinion about the matter if possible) I've been started researching "things" about games and I've decided to begin to play IMVU as a friend of mine said it's cool. At first it seemed just another 3d social game, not so cool.. But I've "tried to like" and after 1 day I can say I'm addicted to it! Yes; I will explain better: About the game: You can go in chat-rooms, move to positions. Some positions are like sitting in a sofa, floor, dancing alone or with a partner, kissing and more in this way. In the free version of the game there is no nudity. You can even listen to music, view youtube... The 3d graphics are quite low end, so it's not as real as the paid PC games of today. About my experience: At first I was going with my friend in chat-rooms, they seemed very nice. There were people talking about general stuff, quite like in a real life. Well, I begin to know some girls (yes, virtual girls commanded by a real girl, I hope!). Things happened: Some girls are just crazy, not like in real life, they make out in before even talking; Other girls you can speak a little bit, then they add you to their friend-list. Sometimes they invite to their virtual places. Some girls have really IMVU boyfriends only (but not in reality) and most of them don't even make up in the game, so it's really a level of commitment involved here! But from what my friend told they last for him, at least, about 3 days... Some others have real and IMVU boyfriends that are the same. Until now I haven't find a girl with different boyfriend in the IMVU and reality. Nor multiple boyfriends. There are rooms where the same people find each selves every day and speak about general stuff, relationships and so on... They are nice with you, they "feel" you and show careness. This is what amazes me, they treat you like a real human being and as being their friend in the real world. (of course it's not always like this) There are jealous girls too and competitiveness between females lol, I know you loled! This is kind of social. So today I closed my door in my room and I've played it all day long and guess what, I didn't feel a need to stay with a real person at all. Normally, If I would stay a full day alone I would get quite crazy... So the question is: It's just me that seemed to be able to fulfill my social needs or there is something more? thanks for your precious time for reading my full question,

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  • Android - Efficient way to draw tiles in OpenGL ES

    - by Maecky
    Hi, I am trying to write efficient code to render a tile based map in android. I load for each tile the corresponding bitmap (just one time) and then create the according tiles. I have designed a class to do this: public class VertexQuad { private float[] mCoordArr; private float[] mColArr; private float[] mTexCoordArr; private int mTextureName; private static short mCounter = 0; private short mIndex; As you can see, each tile has it's x,y location, a color array, texture coordinates and a texture name. Now, I want to render all my created tiles. To reduce the openGL api calls (I read somewhere that the state changes are costly and therefore I want to keep them to a minimum), I first want to hand ALL the coordinate-arrays, color-arrays and texture-coordinates over to OpenGL. After that I run two for loops. The first one iterates over the textures and binds the texture. The second for loop iterates over all Tiles and puts all tiles with the corresponding texture into an IndexBuffer. After the second for loop has finished, I call gl.gl_drawElements() whith the corresponding index buffer, to draw all tiles with the texture associated. For the next texture I do the same again. Now I run into some problems: Allocating and filling the FloatBuffers at the start of each rendering cycle costs very much time. I just run a test, where i wanted to put 400 coordinates into a FloatBuffer which took me about 200ms. My questions now are: Is there a better way, handling the coordinate and color structures? How is this correctly done, this is obviously not the optimal way? ;) thanks in advance, regards Markus

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  • Why do we use the Pythagorean theorem in game physics?

    - by Starkers
    I've recently learned that we use Pythagorean theorem a lot in our physics calculations and I'm afraid I don't really get the point. Here's an example from a book to make sure an object doesn't travel faster than a MAXIMUM_VELOCITY constant in the horizontal plane: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = <any number>; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = MAXIMUM_VELOCITY * MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; function animate(){ var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; } } Let's try this with some numbers: An object is attempting to move 5 units in x and 5 units in z. It should only be able to move 5 units horizontally in total! MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5 * 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 25; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); var squared_horizontal_velocity = 5 * 5 + 5 * 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 25 + 25; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 50; // if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 50 <= 25 ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 50 / 25; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Now this works well, but we can do the same thing without Pythagoras: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity; var horizontal_velocity = 5 + 5; var horizontal_velocity = 10; // if( horizontal_velocity >= MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 10 >= 5 ){ scalar = horizontal_velocity / MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 10 / 5; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Benefits of doing it without Pythagoras: Less lines Within those lines, it's easier to read what's going on ...and it takes less time to compute, as there are less multiplications Seems to me like computers and humans get a better deal without Pythagorean theorem! However, I'm sure I'm wrong as I've seen Pythagoras' theorem in a number of reputable places, so I'd like someone to explain me the benefit of using Pythagorean theorem to a maths newbie. Does this have anything to do with unit vectors? To me a unit vector is when we normalize a vector and turn it into a fraction. We do this by dividing the vector by a larger constant. I'm not sure what constant it is. The total size of the graph? Anyway, because it's a fraction, I take it, a unit vector is basically a graph that can fit inside a 3D grid with the x-axis running from -1 to 1, z-axis running from -1 to 1, and the y-axis running from -1 to 1. That's literally everything I know about unit vectors... not much :P And I fail to see their usefulness. Also, we're not really creating a unit vector in the above examples. Should I be determining the scalar like this: // a mathematical work-around of my own invention. There may be a cleverer way to do this! I've also made up my own terms such as 'divisive_scalar' so don't bother googling var divisive_scalar = (squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY); var divisive_scalar = ( 50 / 25 ); var divisive_scalar = 2; var multiplicative_scalar = (divisive_scalar / (2*divisive_scalar)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / (2*2)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / 4); var multiplicative_scalar = 0.5; x_velocity = x_velocity * multiplicative_scalar x_velocity = 5 * 0.5 x_velocity = 2.5 Again, I can't see why this is better, but it's more "unit-vector-y" because the multiplicative_scalar is a unit_vector? As you can see, I use words such as "unit-vector-y" so I'm really not a maths whiz! Also aware that unit vectors might have nothing to do with Pythagorean theorem so ignore all of this if I'm barking up the wrong tree. I'm a very visual person (3D modeller and concept artist by trade!) and I find diagrams and graphs really, really helpful so as many as humanely possible please!

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  • Image loaded from TGA texture isn't displayed correctly

    - by Ramy Al Zuhouri
    I have a TGA texture containing this image: The texture is 256x256. So I'm trying to load it and map it to a cube: #import <OpenGL/OpenGL.h> #import <GLUT/GLUT.h> #import <stdlib.h> #import <stdio.h> #import <assert.h> GLuint width=640, height=480; GLuint texture; const char* const filename= "/Users/ramy/Documents/C/OpenGL/Test/Test/texture.tga"; void init() { // Initialization glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glViewport(-500, -500, 1000, 1000); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45, width/(float)height, 1, 1000); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); gluLookAt(0, 0, -100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0); // Texture char bitmap[256][256][3]; FILE* fp=fopen(filename, "r"); assert(fp); assert(fread(bitmap, 3*sizeof(char), 256*256, fp) == 256*256); fclose(fp); glGenTextures(1, &texture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, 256, 256, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, bitmap); } void display() { glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); glColor3ub(255, 255, 255); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(0, 0, 0); glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(40, 0, 0); glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(40, 40, 0); glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(0, 40, 0); glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glEnd(); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glutSwapBuffers(); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE); glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100); glutInitWindowSize(width, height); glutCreateWindow(argv[0]); glutDisplayFunc(display); init(); glutMainLoop(); return 0; } But this is what I get when the window loads: So just half of the image is correctly displayed, and also with different colors.Then if I resize the window I get this: Magically the image seems to fix itself, even if the colors are wrong.Why?

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  • c# scripting execution with xna (actions take more than 1 frame)

    - by user658091
    I'm trying to figure out how to implement c# scripting into my game (XNA with C#). I will be using C# as the scripting language. My question is, how to call functions that take more than 1 frame to finish? For example: class UserScript : Script { public override void execute(Game game) { //script must wait for dialog to be closed game.openDialog("This is a dialog"); //script should'nt wait for this int goldToGive = 100; goldToGive += 100; game.addGold(goldToGive); // //script should wait for cinematic to end game.startCinematic("name_of_cinematic"); //doesn't wait game.addGold(100); } } I found that you can do that with yield, but I'm not sure if it's the correct way (It's from 2010, the article mentioned no longer exists). http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3540231/implementing-a-simple-xml-based-scripting-language-for-an-xna-game Is yield the answer? If so, can anyone point me any examples/tutorials/books? I haven't found any regarding my situation. If not, what approach should I take? or am I better off with multi-threading?

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  • How can I make a 32 bit render target with a 16 bit alpha channel in DirectX?

    - by J Junker
    I want to create a render target that is 32-bit, with 16 bits each for alpha and luminance. The closest surface formats I can find in the DirectX SDK are: D3DFMT_A8L8 // 16-bit using 8 bits each for alpha and luminance. D3DFMT_G16R16F // 32-bit float format using 16 bits for the red channel and 16 bits for the green channel. But I don't think either of these will work, since D3DFMT_A8L8 doesn't have the precision and D3DFMT_G16R16F doesn't have an alpha channel (I need a separate blend state for alpha). How can I create a render target that allows a separate blend state for luminance and alpha, with 16 bit precision on each channel, that doesn't exceed 32 bits per pixel?

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  • How to reference or connect a variable to another class without stack overflow?

    - by SystemNetworks
    I really need to re-arrange all my functions. I created a class. All my var, booleans, int, doubles and other things. I created every new variable so they can reference it and so they don't have an error. If your asking why I never just reference my main class vars to my sub-class becuase it will give me stack overflow! When in my main class i link my sub-class. subClass s = new subClass(); Then I reference my fake variable to my real variable for example: This is my sub-class variable(I call it fake) public int x = 0; In my main class, I put it like this: s.x = x; The problem is, it does not work! Maybe this is not the right place but I cant ask any questions on stack overflow because they banned me. If I connect my main class and connect my sub-class it will give me stack overflow. How do I stop it?

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