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  • Need some help implementing VBO's with Frustum Culling

    - by Isracg
    i'm currently developing my first 3D game for a school project, the game world is completely inspired by minecraft (world completely made out of cubes). I'm currently seeking to improve the performance trying to implement vertex buffer objects but i'm stuck, i already have this methods implemented: Frustum culling, only drawing exposed faces and distance culling but i have the following doubts: I currently have about 2^24 cubes in my world, divided in 1024 chunks of 16*16*64 cubes, right now i'm doing immediate mode rendering, which works well with frustum culling, if i implement one VBO per chunk, do i have to update that VBO each time i move the camera (to update the frustum)? is there a performance hit with this? Can i dynamically change the size of each VBO? of do i have to make each one the biggest possible size (the chunk completely filled with objects)?. Would i have to keep each visited chunk in memory or could i efficiently remove that VBO and recreated it when needed?.

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  • two-part dice pool mechanic

    - by bythenumbers
    I'm working on a dice mechanic/resolution system based off of the Ghost/Echo (hereafter shortened to G/E) tabletop RPG. Specifically, since G/E can be a little harsh with dealing out consequences and failure, I was hoping to soften the system and add a little more player control, as well as offer the chance for players to evolve their characters into something unique, right from creation. So, here's the mechanic: Players roll 2d12 against the two statistics for their character (each is a number from 2-11, and may be rolled above or below depending on the nature of the action attempted, rolling your stat exactly always fails). Depending on the success for that roll, they add dice to the pool rolled for a modified G/E style action. The acting player gets two dice anyhow, and I am debating offering a bonus die for each success, or a single bonus die for succeeding on both of the statistic-compared rolls. One the size of the dice pool is set, the entire pool is rolled, and the players are allowed to assign rolled dice to a goal and a danger. Assigned results are judged as follows: 1-4 means the attempted goal fails, or the danger comes true. 5-8 is a partial success at the goal, or partially avoiding the danger. 9-12 means the goal is achieved, or the danger avoided. My concerns are twofold: Firstly, that the two-stage action is too complicated, with two rolls to judge separately before anything can happen. Secondly, that the statistics involved go too far in softening the game. I've run some basic simulations, and the approximate statistics follow: 2 dice (up to) 3 dice (up to) 4 dice failure ~33% ~25% ~20% partial ~33% ~35% ~35% success ~33% ~40% ~45% I'd appreciate any advice that addresses my concerns or offers to refine my simulation (right now the first roll is statistically modeled as sign(1d12-1d12), where 0 is a success).

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  • Why do my pyramids fade black and then back to colour again

    - by geminiCoder
    I have the following vertecies and norms GLfloat verts[36] = { -0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 0, -0.5, 0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 0, -0.5, 0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 1, 0, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 0, -0.5, 0, 1, 0, 0.5, 0, 0.5, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 1, 0 }; GLfloat norms[36] = { 0, -1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, -1, 0, -1, 0.25, 0.5, -1, 0.25, 0.5, -1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 0.25, -0.5, 1, 0.25, -0.5, 1, 0.25, -0.5, 0, -0.5, -1, 0, -0.5, -1, 0, -0.5, -1 }; I am writing my fists Open GL game, But I need to know for sure if my Normals are correct as the colours aren't rendering correctly. my Pyramids are coloured then fade to black every half rotation then back again. My app so far is based on the boiler plate code provided by apple. heres my modified setUp Method [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:self.context]; [self loadShaders]; self.effect = [[GLKBaseEffect alloc] init]; self.effect.light0.enabled = GL_TRUE; self.effect.light0.diffuseColor = GLKVector4Make(1.0f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 1.0f); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glGenVertexArraysOES(1, &_vertexArray); //create vertex array glBindVertexArrayOES(_vertexArray); glGenBuffers(1, &_vertexBuffer); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, _vertexBuffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(verts) + sizeof(norms), NULL, GL_STATIC_DRAW); //create vertex buffer big enough for both verts and norms and pass NULL as data.. uint8_t *ptr = (uint8_t *)glMapBufferOES(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, GL_WRITE_ONLY_OES); //map buffer to pass data to it memcpy(ptr, verts, sizeof(verts)); //copy verts memcpy(ptr+sizeof(verts), norms, sizeof(norms)); //copy norms to position after verts glUnmapBufferOES(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER); glEnableVertexAttribArray(GLKVertexAttribPosition); glVertexAttribPointer(GLKVertexAttribPosition, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0)); //tell GL where verts are in buffer glEnableVertexAttribArray(GLKVertexAttribNormal); glVertexAttribPointer(GLKVertexAttribNormal, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(sizeof(verts))); //tell GL where norms are in buffer glBindVertexArrayOES(0); And the update method. - (void)update { float aspect = fabsf(self.view.bounds.size.width / self.view.bounds.size.height); GLKMatrix4 projectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakePerspective(GLKMathDegreesToRadians(65.0f), aspect, 0.1f, 100.0f); self.effect.transform.projectionMatrix = projectionMatrix; GLKMatrix4 baseModelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, -4.0f); baseModelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(baseModelViewMatrix, _rotation, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Compute the model view matrix for the object rendered with GLKit GLKMatrix4 modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.5f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(modelViewMatrix, _rotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(baseModelViewMatrix, modelViewMatrix); self.effect.transform.modelviewMatrix = modelViewMatrix; // Compute the model view matrix for the object rendered with ES2 modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.5f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(modelViewMatrix, _rotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(baseModelViewMatrix, modelViewMatrix); _normalMatrix = GLKMatrix3InvertAndTranspose(GLKMatrix4GetMatrix3(modelViewMatrix), NULL); _modelViewProjectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(projectionMatrix, modelViewMatrix); _rotation += self.timeSinceLastUpdate * 0.5f; } But providing I understand this correct one pyramid is using the GLKit base effect shaders and the other the shaders which are included in the project. So for both of them to have the same error, I thought it would be the Norms?

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  • Strategy to prevent players from seeing through walls in an online FPS?

    - by geneotech
    Why do we still moan on wallhackers in multiplayer first-person shooters ? Isn't it possible to perform occlusion culling for all players server-side ? For example, send player xyz information to client only when the player is visible in client's frustum and not occluded by any object ? Even if the collision-geometry is very simplified, most of the time cheater won't receive tactical information. Why not do this ?

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  • Connecting 2 Vertices in 3DS Max?

    - by Reanimation
    How do you connect two vertices in 3DS Max 2013? I have two vertices which I wish to connect with a line to create an edge. (actually several) I have tried all I can think and done several Google searches but it only comes up with older versions method which say use the "connect" button... But I can't find the connect button on my version (see below) This is what my menu looks like: These are the vertices I'm trying to connect: Basically, I've edited an STL file and deleted some edges and vertices. Now I want to fill the gaps and triangulate what's left. Thanks.

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  • Selection of a mesh with arbitrary region

    - by Tigran
    Considering example: I have a mesh(es) on the OpenGL screen and would like to select a part of it (say for delete purpose). There is a clear way to do the selction via Ray Tracing, or via Selection provided by OpenGL itself. But, for my users, considering that meshes can get wired surfaces, I need to implement a selection via a Arbitrary closed region, so all triangles that appears present inside that region has to be selected. To be more clear, here is screen shot: I want all triangles inside black polygon to be selected, identified, whatever in some way. How can I achieve that ?

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  • Grid based collision - How many cells?

    - by Fibericon
    The game I'm creating is a bullet hell game, so there can be quite a few objects on the screen at any given time. It probably maxes out at about 40 enemies and 200 or so bullets. That being said, I'm splitting up the playing field into a grid for my collision checking. Right now, it's only 8 cells. How many would be optimal? I'm worried that if I use too many, I'll be wasting CPU power. My main concern is processing power, to make the game run smoothly. RAM is not a big concern for me.

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  • Efficient way to render tile-based map in Java

    - by Lucius
    Some time ago I posted here because I was having some memory issues with a game I'm working on. That has been pretty much solved thanks to some suggestions here, so I decided to come back with another problem I'm having. Basically, I feel that too much of the CPU is being used when rendering the map. I have a Core i5-2500 processor and when running the game, the CPU usage is about 35% - and I can't accept that that's just how it has to be. This is how I'm going about rendering the map: I have the X and Y coordinates of the player, so I'm not drawing the whole map, just the visible portion of it; The number of visible tiles on screen varies according to the resolution chosen by the player (the CPU usage is 35% here when playing at a resolution of 1440x900); If the tile is "empty", I just skip drawing it (this didn't visibly lower the CPU usage, but reduced the drawing time in about 20ms); The map is composed of 5 layers - for more details; The tiles are 32x32 pixels; And just to be on the safe side, I'll post the code for drawing the game here, although it's as messy and unreadable as it can be T_T (I'll try to make it a little readable) private void drawGame(Graphics2D g2d){ //Width and Height of the visible portion of the map (not of the screen) int visionWidht = visibleCols * TILE_SIZE; int visionHeight = visibleRows * TILE_SIZE; //Since the map can be smaller than the screen, I center it just to be sure int xAdjust = (getWidth() - visionWidht) / 2; int yAdjust = (getHeight() - visionHeight) / 2; //This "deducedX" thing is to move the map a few pixels horizontally, since the player moves by pixels and not full tiles int playerDrawX = listOfCharacters.get(0).getX(); int deducedX = 0; if (listOfCharacters.get(0).currentCol() - visibleCols / 2 >= 0) { playerDrawX = visibleCols / 2 * TILE_SIZE; map_draw_col = listOfCharacters.get(0).currentCol() - visibleCols / 2; deducedX = listOfCharacters.get(0).getXCol(); } //"deducedY" is the same deal as "deducedX", but vertically int playerDrawY = listOfCharacters.get(0).getY(); int deducedY = 0; if (listOfCharacters.get(0).currentRow() - visibleRows / 2 >= 0) { playerDrawY = visibleRows / 2 * TILE_SIZE; map_draw_row = listOfCharacters.get(0).currentRow() - visibleRows / 2; deducedY = listOfCharacters.get(0).getYRow(); } int max_cols = visibleCols + map_draw_col; if (max_cols >= map.getCols()) { max_cols = map.getCols() - 1; deducedX = 0; map_draw_col = max_cols - visibleCols + 1; playerDrawX = listOfCharacters.get(0).getX() - map_draw_col * TILE_SIZE; } int max_rows = visibleRows + map_draw_row; if (max_rows >= map.getRows()) { max_rows = map.getRows() - 1; deducedY = 0; map_draw_row = max_rows - visibleRows + 1; playerDrawY = listOfCharacters.get(0).getY() - map_draw_row * TILE_SIZE; } //map_draw_row and map_draw_col representes the coordinate of the upper left tile on the screen //iterate through all the tiles on screen and draw them - this is what consumes most of the CPU for (int col = map_draw_col; col <= max_cols; col++) { for (int row = map_draw_row; row <= max_rows; row++) { Tile[] tiles = map.getTiles(col, row); for(int layer = 0; layer < tiles.length; layer++){ Tile currentTile = tiles[layer]; boolean shouldDraw = true; //I only draw the tile if it exists and is not empty (id=-1) if(currentTile != null && currentTile.getId() >= 0){ //The layers above 1 can be draw behing or infront of the player according to where it's standing if(layer > 1 && currentTile.getId() >= 0){ if(playerBehind(col, row, layer, listOfCharacters.get(0))){ behinds.get(0).add(new int[]{col, row}); //the tiles that are infront of the player wont be draw right now shouldDraw = false; } } if(shouldDraw){ g2d.drawImage( tiles[layer].getImage(), (col-map_draw_col)*TILE_SIZE - deducedX + xAdjust, (row-map_draw_row)*TILE_SIZE - deducedY + yAdjust, null); } } } } } } There's some more code in this method but nothing relevant to this question. Basically, the biggest problem is that I iterate over around 5000 tiles (in this specific resolution) 60 times each second. I thought about rendering the visible portion of the map once and storing it into a BufferedImage and when the player moved move the whole image the same amount but to the opposite side and then drawn the tiles that appeared on the screen, but if I do it like that, I wont be able to have animated tiles (at least I think). That being said, any suggestions?

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  • Good practices in screen states management?

    - by DevilWithin
    I wonder what are the best ways to organize different screens in a game? I am thinking of it like this: Inheriting a base State class, and overriding update and render methods, to handle the current screen. Then, under certain events a StateManager is able to activate another Screen State, and the game screen changes as only the current State is rendered. On the activation of a new screen, effects like fading could be added, and also the same goes for its deactivation. This way a flow of screen could be made. By saying when A ends, B starts, allowing for complex animations etc. Toughts?

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  • OpenGL loading functions error [on hold]

    - by Ghilliedrone
    I'm new to OpenGL, and I bought a book on it for beginners. I finished writing the sample code for making a context/window. I get an error on this line at the part PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC, saying "Error: expected a ')'": typedef HGLRC(APIENTRYP PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC)(HDC, HGLRC, const int*); Replacing it or adding a ")" makes it error, but the error disappears when I use the OpenGL headers included in the books CD, which are OpenGL 3.0. I would like a way to make this work with the newest gl.h/wglext.h and without libraries. Here's the rest of the class if it's needed: #include <ctime> #include <windows.h> #include <iostream> #include <gl\GL.h> #include <gl\wglext.h> #include "Example.h" #include "GLWindow.h" typedef HGLRC(APIENTRYP PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC)(HDC, HGLRC, const int*); PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC wglCreateContextAttribsARB = NULL; bool GLWindow::create(int width, int height, int bpp, bool fullscreen) { DWORD dwExStyle; //Window Extended Style DWORD dwStyle; //Window Style m_isFullscreen = fullscreen;//Store the fullscreen flag m_windowRect.left = 0L; m_windowRect.right = (long)width; m_windowRect.top = 0L; m_windowRect.bottom = (long)height;//Set bottom to height // fill out the window class structure m_windowClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); m_windowClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; m_windowClass.lpfnWndProc = GLWindow::StaticWndProc; //We set our static method as the event handler m_windowClass.cbClsExtra = 0; m_windowClass.cbWndExtra = 0; m_windowClass.hInstance = m_hinstance; m_windowClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); // default icon m_windowClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); // default arrow m_windowClass.hbrBackground = NULL; // don't need background m_windowClass.lpszMenuName = NULL; // no menu m_windowClass.lpszClassName = (LPCWSTR)"GLClass"; m_windowClass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO); // windows logo small icon if (!RegisterClassEx(&m_windowClass)) { MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Failed to register window class", NULL, MB_OK); return false; } if (m_isFullscreen)//If we are fullscreen, we need to change the display { DEVMODE dmScreenSettings; //Device mode memset(&dmScreenSettings, 0, sizeof(dmScreenSettings)); dmScreenSettings.dmSize = sizeof(dmScreenSettings); dmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth = width; //Screen width dmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight = height; //Screen height dmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel = bpp; //Bits per pixel dmScreenSettings.dmFields = DM_BITSPERPEL | DM_PELSWIDTH | DM_PELSHEIGHT; if (ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings, CDS_FULLSCREEN) != DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL) { MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Display mode failed", NULL, MB_OK); m_isFullscreen = false; } } if (m_isFullscreen) //Is it fullscreen? { dwExStyle = WS_EX_APPWINDOW; //Window Extended Style dwStyle = WS_POPUP; //Windows Style ShowCursor(false); //Hide mouse pointer } else { dwExStyle = WS_EX_APPWINDOW | WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE; //Window Exteneded Style dwStyle = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW; //Windows Style } AdjustWindowRectEx(&m_windowRect, dwStyle, false, dwExStyle); //Adjust window to true requested size //Class registered, so now create window m_hwnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, //Extended Style (LPCWSTR)"GLClass", //Class name (LPCWSTR)"Chapter 2", //App name dwStyle | WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS, 0, 0, //x, y coordinates m_windowRect.right - m_windowRect.left, m_windowRect.bottom - m_windowRect.top, //Width and height NULL, //Handle to parent NULL, //Handle to menu m_hinstance, //Application instance this); //Pass a pointer to the GLWindow here //Check if window creation failed, hwnd would equal NULL if (!m_hwnd) { return 0; } m_hdc = GetDC(m_hwnd); ShowWindow(m_hwnd, SW_SHOW); UpdateWindow(m_hwnd); m_lastTime = GetTickCount() / 1000.0f; return true; } LRESULT CALLBACK GLWindow::StaticWndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { GLWindow* window = nullptr; //If this is the create message if (uMsg == WM_CREATE) { //Get the pointer we stored during create window = (GLWindow*)((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->lpCreateParams; //Associate the window pointer with the hwnd for the other events to access SetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWL_USERDATA, (LONG_PTR)window); } else { //If this is not a creation event, then we should have stored a pointer to the window window = (GLWindow*)GetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWL_USERDATA); if (!window) { //Do the default event handling return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam); } } //Call our window's member WndProc(allows us to access member variables) return window->WndProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam); } LRESULT GLWindow::WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (uMsg) { case WM_CREATE: { m_hdc = GetDC(hWnd); setupPixelFormat(); //Set the version that we want, in this case 3.0 int attribs[] = { WGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION_ARB, 3, WGL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION_ARB, 0, 0}; //Create temporary context so we can get a pointer to the function HGLRC tmpContext = wglCreateContext(m_hdc); //Make the context current wglMakeCurrent(m_hdc, tmpContext); //Get the function pointer wglCreateContextAttribsARB = (PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC)wglGetProcAddress("wglCreateContextAttribsARB"); //If this is NULL then OpenGl 3.0 is not supported if (!wglCreateContextAttribsARB) { MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"OpenGL 3.0 is not supported", (LPCWSTR)"An error occured", MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK); DestroyWindow(hWnd); return 0; } //Create an OpenGL 3.0 context using the new function m_hglrc = wglCreateContextAttribsARB(m_hdc, 0, attribs); //Delete the temporary context wglDeleteContext(tmpContext); //Make the GL3 context current wglMakeCurrent(m_hdc, m_hglrc); m_isRunning = true; } break; case WM_DESTROY: //Window destroy case WM_CLOSE: //Windows is closing wglMakeCurrent(m_hdc, NULL); wglDeleteContext(m_hglrc); m_isRunning = false; //Stop the main loop PostQuitMessage(0); break; case WM_SIZE: { int height = HIWORD(lParam); //Get height and width int width = LOWORD(lParam); getAttachedExample()->onResize(width, height); //Call the example's resize method } break; case WM_KEYDOWN: if (wParam == VK_ESCAPE) //If the escape key was pressed { DestroyWindow(m_hwnd); } break; default: break; } return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam); } void GLWindow::processEvents() { MSG msg; //While there are messages in the queue, store them in msg while (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) { //Process the messages TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } } Here is the header: #pragma once #include <ctime> #include <windows.h> class Example;//Declare our example class class GLWindow { public: GLWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance); //default constructor bool create(int width, int height, int bpp, bool fullscreen); void destroy(); void processEvents(); void attachExample(Example* example); bool isRunning(); //Is the window running? void swapBuffers() { SwapBuffers(m_hdc); } static LRESULT CALLBACK StaticWndProc(HWND wnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND wnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); float getElapsedSeconds(); private: Example* m_example; //A link to the example program bool m_isRunning; //Is the window still running? bool m_isFullscreen; HWND m_hwnd; //Window handle HGLRC m_hglrc; //Rendering context HDC m_hdc; //Device context RECT m_windowRect; //Window bounds HINSTANCE m_hinstance; //Application instance WNDCLASSEX m_windowClass; void setupPixelFormat(void); Example* getAttachedExample() { return m_example; } float m_lastTime; };

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  • SDL 2.0: is there a library to create 2D particle effects rapidly?

    - by mm24
    I would like to create an light/explosion particle effect using some in built library. I am used to Cocos2D where there are specific classes that you can simply initialize in a certain position and producing a certain particle effect. Is there a way to do so in SDL 2.0 C++? I have found this tutorial but it seems to go for a "build it yoursefl" solution, which is ok but I do not want to re-invent the wheel if someone else has already built it.

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  • Path Modifier in Tower Of Defense Game

    - by Siddharth
    I implemented PathModifier for path of each enemy in my tower of defense game. So I applied fixed time to path modifier in that enemy complete their path. Like following code describe. new PathModifier(speed, path); Here speed define the time to complete the path. But in tower of defense game my problem is, there is a tower which slow down the movement of the enemy. In that particular situation I was stuck. please someone provide me some guidance what to do in this situation. EDIT : Path path = new Path(wayPointList.size()); for (int j = 0; j < wayPointList.size(); j++) { Point point = grid.getCellPoint(wayPointList.get(j).getRow(), wayPointList.get(j).getCol()); path.to(point.x, point.y); }

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  • NVidia control panel SSAO not working

    - by János Turánszki
    I am just before implementing screen space ambient occlusion in my game, but first I wanted to try enabling it from NVidia control panel only to find out that it is greyed out so that I can not enable it. With this I could enable SSAO for some other games, but not every one. I know this technique requires the depth buffer and (optionally) a normal map texture to sample information from which I already have access to given I have a deferred renderer working. After that I actually thought to roll back to a previous version of my game which still uses forward rendering so the depth buffer is actually bound to the backbuffer which I render to from the get-go so that maybe the NVidia control panel would somehow make use of it. It was not working with forward rendering either. (I also tried FXAA in the control panel and that works - but it doesn't need any depth or normal texture) So my question is that how can I enable this function so that it would work by enabling it in the NVidia control panel?

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  • How do you maintain content size vs. content quality in a mobile application?

    - by PeterK
    I am developing my first Cocos2d iPhone/iPad game that includes quite a few sprites, I would need approximately 80 different. As this is for both normal and HD displays I have 2x of each sprite. I am using TexturePacker to optimize the thing. I would like to ask if there are any rules-of-thumb, tricks, ideas etc. to adjust to in regards to size of content, quality and how you maintain high-quality HD-based graphics due to its size vs. the device memory sizes? Also, is it a good idea to only have one copy of the sprites and scale it using code?

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  • Deferred contexts and inheriting state from the immediate context

    - by dreijer
    I took my first stab at using deferred contexts in DirectX 11 today. Basically, I created my deferred context using CreateDeferredContext() and then drew a simple triangle strip with it. Early on in my test application, I call OMSetRenderTargets() on the immediate context in order to render to the swap chain's back buffer. Now, after having read the documentation on MSDN about deferred contexts, I assumed that calling ExecuteCommandList() on the immediate context would execute all of the deferred commands as "an extension" to the commands that had already been executed on the immediate context, i.e. the triangle strip I rendered in the deferred context would be rendered to the swap chain's back buffer. That didn't seem to be the case, however. Instead, I had to manually pull out the immediate context's render target (using OMGetRenderTargets()) and then set it on the deferred context with OMSetRenderTargets(). Am I doing something wrong or is that the way deferred contexts work?

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  • CCSpriteHole in cocos2d 2.0?

    - by rakkarage
    i was using this cocos2d class CCSpriteHole in cocos2d 1.0 fine... http://jpsarda.tumblr.com/post/15779708304/new-cocos2d-iphone-extensions-a-progress-bar-and-a i am trying to convert it to cocos2d 2.0... i got it to compile by changing glVertexPointer to glVertexAttribPointer like in the 2.0 version of CCSpriteScale9 here http://jpsarda.tumblr.com/post/9162433577/scale9grid-for-cocos2d and changing contentSizeInPixels_ to contentSize_... -(id) init { if( (self=[super init]) ) { opacityModifyRGB_ = YES; opacity_ = 255; color_ = colorUnmodified_ = ccWHITE; capSize=capSizeInPixels=CGSizeZero; //Not used blendFunc_.src = CC_BLEND_SRC; blendFunc_.dst = CC_BLEND_DST; // update texture (calls updateBlendFunc) [self setTexture:nil]; // default transform anchor anchorPoint_ = ccp(0.5f, 0.5f); vertexDataCount=24; vertexData = (ccV2F_C4F_T2F*) malloc(vertexDataCount * sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F)); [self setTextureRectInPixels:CGRectZero untrimmedSize:CGSizeZero]; } return self; } -(id) initWithTexture:(CCTexture2D*)texture rect:(CGRect)rect { NSAssert(texture!=nil, @"Invalid texture for sprite"); // IMPORTANT: [self init] and not [super init]; if( (self = [self init]) ) { [self setTexture:texture]; [self setTextureRect:rect]; } return self; } -(id) initWithTexture:(CCTexture2D*)texture { NSAssert(texture!=nil, @"Invalid texture for sprite"); CGRect rect = CGRectZero; rect.size = texture.contentSize; return [self initWithTexture:texture rect:rect]; } -(id) initWithFile:(NSString*)filename { NSAssert(filename!=nil, @"Invalid filename for sprite"); CCTexture2D *texture = [[CCTextureCache sharedTextureCache] addImage: filename]; if( texture ) return [self initWithTexture:texture]; return nil; } +(id)spriteWithFile:(NSString*)f { return [[self alloc] initWithFile:f]; } - (void) dealloc { if (vertexData) free(vertexData); } -(void) updateColor { ccColor4F color4; color4.r=(float)color_.r/255.0f; color4.g=(float)color_.g/255.0f; color4.b=(float)color_.b/255.0f; color4.a=(float)opacity_/255.0f; for (int i=0; i<vertexDataCount; i++) { vertexData[i].colors=color4; } } -(void)updateTextureCoords:(CGRect)rect { CCTexture2D *tex = texture_; if(!tex) return; float atlasWidth = (float)tex.pixelsWide; float atlasHeight = (float)tex.pixelsHigh; float left,right,top,bottom; left = rect.origin.x/atlasWidth; right = left + rect.size.width/atlasWidth; top = rect.origin.y/atlasHeight; bottom = top + rect.size.height/atlasHeight; // // |/|/|/| // CGSize capTexCoordsSize=CGSizeMake(capSizeInPixels.width/atlasWidth, capSizeInPixels.height/atlasHeight); // From left to right //Top band // Left vertexData[0].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left,top}; vertexData[1].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left,top+capTexCoordsSize.height}; vertexData[2].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left+capTexCoordsSize.width,top}; vertexData[3].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left+capTexCoordsSize.width,top+capTexCoordsSize.height}; // Center vertexData[4].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right-capTexCoordsSize.width,top}; vertexData[5].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right-capTexCoordsSize.width,top+capTexCoordsSize.height}; // Right vertexData[6].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right,top}; vertexData[7].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right,top+capTexCoordsSize.height}; //Center band // Left vertexData[8].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left,bottom-capTexCoordsSize.height}; vertexData[9].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left,top+capTexCoordsSize.height}; vertexData[10].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left+capTexCoordsSize.width,bottom-capTexCoordsSize.height}; vertexData[11].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left+capTexCoordsSize.width,top+capTexCoordsSize.height}; // Center vertexData[12].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right-capTexCoordsSize.width,bottom-capTexCoordsSize.height}; vertexData[13].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right-capTexCoordsSize.width,top+capTexCoordsSize.height}; // Right vertexData[14].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right,bottom-capTexCoordsSize.height}; vertexData[15].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right,top+capTexCoordsSize.height}; //Bottom band //Left vertexData[16].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left,bottom}; vertexData[17].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left,bottom-capTexCoordsSize.height}; vertexData[18].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left+capTexCoordsSize.width,bottom}; vertexData[19].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left+capTexCoordsSize.width,bottom-capTexCoordsSize.height}; // Center vertexData[20].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right-capTexCoordsSize.width,bottom}; vertexData[21].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right-capTexCoordsSize.width,bottom-capTexCoordsSize.height}; // Right vertexData[22].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right,bottom}; vertexData[23].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right,bottom-capTexCoordsSize.height}; } -(void) updateVertices { float left=0; //-spriteSizeInPixels.width*0.5f; float right=left+contentSize_.width; float bottom=0; //-spriteSizeInPixels.height*0.5f; float top=bottom+contentSize_.height; float holeLeft=holeRect.origin.x*CC_CONTENT_SCALE_FACTOR(); float holeRight=holeLeft+holeRect.size.width*CC_CONTENT_SCALE_FACTOR(); float holeBottom=holeRect.origin.y*CC_CONTENT_SCALE_FACTOR(); float holeTop=holeBottom+holeRect.size.height*CC_CONTENT_SCALE_FACTOR(); // // |/|/|/| // // From left to right //Top band // Left vertexData[0].vertices=(ccVertex2F){left,top}; vertexData[1].vertices=(ccVertex2F){left,holeTop}; vertexData[2].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeLeft,top}; vertexData[3].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeLeft,holeTop}; // Center vertexData[4].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeRight,top}; vertexData[5].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeRight,holeTop}; // Right vertexData[6].vertices=(ccVertex2F){right,top}; vertexData[7].vertices=(ccVertex2F){right,holeTop}; //Center band // Left vertexData[8].vertices=(ccVertex2F){left,holeBottom}; vertexData[9].vertices=(ccVertex2F){left,holeTop}; vertexData[10].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeLeft,holeBottom}; vertexData[11].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeLeft,holeTop}; // Center vertexData[12].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeRight,holeBottom}; vertexData[13].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeRight,holeTop}; // Right vertexData[14].vertices=(ccVertex2F){right,holeBottom}; vertexData[15].vertices=(ccVertex2F){right,holeTop}; //Bottom band //Left vertexData[16].vertices=(ccVertex2F){left,bottom}; vertexData[17].vertices=(ccVertex2F){left,holeBottom}; vertexData[18].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeLeft,bottom}; vertexData[19].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeLeft,holeBottom}; // Center vertexData[20].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeRight,bottom}; vertexData[21].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeRight,holeBottom}; // Right vertexData[22].vertices=(ccVertex2F){right,bottom}; vertexData[23].vertices=(ccVertex2F){right,holeBottom}; } -(void) setHole:(CGRect)r inRect:(CGRect)totalSurface { holeRect=r; self.contentSize=totalSurface.size; holeRect.origin=ccpSub(holeRect.origin,totalSurface.origin); CGPoint holeCenter=ccp(holeRect.origin.x+holeRect.size.width*0.5f,holeRect.origin.y+holeRect.size.height*0.5f); self.anchorPoint=ccp(holeCenter.x/contentSize_.width,holeCenter.y/contentSize_.height); //[self updateTextureCoords:rectInPixels_]; [self updateVertices]; [self updateColor]; } -(void) draw { BOOL newBlend = NO; if( blendFunc_.src != CC_BLEND_SRC || blendFunc_.dst != CC_BLEND_DST ) { newBlend = YES; glBlendFunc( blendFunc_.src, blendFunc_.dst ); } glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, [texture_ name]); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_Position, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[0].vertices); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_TexCoords, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[0].texCoords); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_Color, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[0].colors); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 8); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_Position, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[8].vertices); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_TexCoords, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[8].texCoords); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_Color, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[8].colors); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 8); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_Position, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[16].vertices); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_TexCoords, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[16].texCoords); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_Color, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[16].colors); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 8); if( newBlend ) glBlendFunc(CC_BLEND_SRC, CC_BLEND_DST); } -(void)setTextureRectInPixels:(CGRect)rect untrimmedSize:(CGSize)untrimmedSize { rectInPixels_ = rect; rect_ = CC_RECT_PIXELS_TO_POINTS( rect ); //[self setContentSizeInPixels:untrimmedSize]; [self updateTextureCoords:rectInPixels_]; } -(void)setTextureRect:(CGRect)rect { CGRect rectInPixels = CC_RECT_POINTS_TO_PIXELS( rect ); [self setTextureRectInPixels:rectInPixels untrimmedSize:rectInPixels.size]; } // // RGBA protocol // #pragma mark CCSpriteHole - RGBA protocol -(GLubyte) opacity { return opacity_; } -(void) setOpacity:(GLubyte) anOpacity { opacity_ = anOpacity; // special opacity for premultiplied textures if( opacityModifyRGB_ ) [self setColor: (opacityModifyRGB_ ? colorUnmodified_ : color_ )]; [self updateColor]; } - (ccColor3B) color { if(opacityModifyRGB_){ return colorUnmodified_; } return color_; } -(void) setColor:(ccColor3B)color3 { color_ = colorUnmodified_ = color3; if( opacityModifyRGB_ ){ color_.r = color3.r * opacity_/255; color_.g = color3.g * opacity_/255; color_.b = color3.b * opacity_/255; } [self updateColor]; } -(void) setOpacityModifyRGB:(BOOL)modify { ccColor3B oldColor = self.color; opacityModifyRGB_ = modify; self.color = oldColor; } -(BOOL) doesOpacityModifyRGB { return opacityModifyRGB_; } #pragma mark CCSpriteHole - CocosNodeTexture protocol -(void) updateBlendFunc { if( !texture_ || ! [texture_ hasPremultipliedAlpha] ) { blendFunc_.src = GL_SRC_ALPHA; blendFunc_.dst = GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA; [self setOpacityModifyRGB:NO]; } else { blendFunc_.src = CC_BLEND_SRC; blendFunc_.dst = CC_BLEND_DST; [self setOpacityModifyRGB:YES]; } } -(void) setTexture:(CCTexture2D*)texture { // accept texture==nil as argument NSAssert( !texture || [texture isKindOfClass:[CCTexture2D class]], @"setTexture expects a CCTexture2D. Invalid argument"); texture_ = texture; [self updateBlendFunc]; } -(CCTexture2D*) texture { return texture_; } @end but now positioning and scaling seem to not work? and it starts in the wrong position... but changing the opacity still works. so i was wondering if anyone can see why my 2.0 version is not working? or if maybe there is a better way to do a sprite hole with cocos2d/opengl 2.0? shaders? thanks

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  • Game Editor - When screen is clicked, how do you identify which object that is clicked?

    - by Deukalion
    I'm trying to create a Game Editor, currently just placing different types of Shapes and such. I'm doing this in Windows Forms while drawing the 3D with XNA. So, if I have a couple of Shapes on the screen and I click the screen I want to be able to identify "which" of these objects you clicked. What is the best method for this? Since having two objects one behind the other, it should be able to recognize the one in front and not the one behind it and also if I rotate the camera and click on the one behind it - it should identify it and not the first one. Are there any smart ways to go about this?

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  • (SOLVED) Problems Rendering Text in OpenGL Using FreeType

    - by Sean M.
    I've been following both the FreeType2 tutorial and the WikiBooks tuorial, trying to combine things from them both in order to load and render fonts using the FreeType library. I used the font loading code from the FreeType2 tutorial and tried to implement the rendering code from the wikibooks tutorial (tried being the keyword as I'm still trying to learn model OpenGL, I'm using 3.2). Everything loads correctly and I have the shader program to render the text with working, but I can't get the text to render. I'm 99% sure that it has something to do with how I cam passing data to the shader, or how I set up the screen. These are the code segments that handle OpenGL initialization, as well as Font initialization and rendering: //Init glfw if (!glfwInit()) { fprintf(stderr, "GLFW Initialization has failed!\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("GLFW Initialized.\n"); //Process the command line arguments processCmdArgs(argc, argv); //Create the window glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, g_aaSamples); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 2); g_mainWindow = glfwCreateWindow(g_screenWidth, g_screenHeight, "Voxel Shipyard", g_fullScreen ? glfwGetPrimaryMonitor() : nullptr, nullptr); if (!g_mainWindow) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not create GLFW window!\n"); closeOGL(); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } glfwMakeContextCurrent(g_mainWindow); printf("Window and OpenGL rendering context created.\n"); glClearColor(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f); //Are these necessary for Modern OpenGL (3.0+)? glViewport(0, 0, g_screenWidth, g_screenHeight); glOrtho(0, g_screenWidth, g_screenHeight, 0, -1, 1); //Init glew int err = glewInit(); if (err != GLEW_OK) { fprintf(stderr, "GLEW initialization failed!\n"); fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", glewGetErrorString(err)); closeOGL(); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("GLEW initialized.\n"); Here is the font file (it's slightly too big to post): CFont.h/CFont.cpp Here is the solution zipped up: [solution] (https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/36062916/VoxelShipyard.zip), if anyone feels they need the entire solution. If anyone could take a look at the code, it would be greatly appreciated. Also if someone has a tutorial that is a little more user friendly, that would also be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • How to perform game object smoothing in multiplayer games

    - by spaceOwl
    We're developing an infrastructure to support multiplayer games for our game engine. In simple terms, each client (player) engine sends some pieces of data regarding the relevant game objects at a given time interval. On the receiving end, we step the incoming data to current time (to compensate for latency), followed by a smoothing step (which is the subject of this question). I was wondering how smoothing should be performed ? Currently the algorithm is similar to this: Receive incoming state for an object (position, velocity, acceleration, rotation, custom data like visual properties, etc). Calculate a diff between local object position and the position we have after previous prediction steps. If diff doesn't exceed some threshold value, start a smoothing step: Mark the object's CURRENT POSITION and the TARGET POSITION. Linear interpolate between these values for 0.3 seconds. I wonder if this scheme is any good, or if there is any other common implementation or algorithm that should be used? (For example - should i only smooth out the position? or other values, such as speed, etc) any help will be appreciated.

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  • Random Position between ranges.

    - by blakey87
    Does anyone have a good algorithm for generating a random y position for spawning a block, which takes into account a minimum and maximum height, allowing player to to jump on the block. Blocks will continually be spawned, so the player must always be able to jump onto the next block, bearing in mind the minimum position which would be the ground, and the maximum which would the players jump height bearing in mind the ceiling

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  • A simple example of movement prediction

    - by Daniel
    I've seen lots of examples of theory about the reason for client-side prediction, but I'm having a hard time converting it into code. I was wondering if someone knows of some specific examples that share some of the code, or can share their knowledge to shed some light into my situation. I'm trying to run some tests to get a the movement going (smoothly) between multiple clients. I'm using mouse input to initiate movement. I'm using AS3 and C# on a local Player.IO server. Right now I'm trying to get the Client side working, as I'm only forwarding position info with the client. I have 2 timers, one is an onEnterFrame and the other is a 100ms Timer, and one on mouseClick listener. When I click anywhere with a mouse, I update my player class to give it a destination point On every enterFrame Event for the player, it moves towards the destination point At every 100ms it sends a message to the server with the position of where it should be in a 100ms. The distance traveled is calculated by taking the distance (in Pixels) that the player can travel in one second, and dividing it by the framerate for the onEnterFrame handler, and by the update frequency (1/0.100s) for the server update. For the other Players, the location is interpolated and animated on every frame based on the new location. Is this the right way of doing it?

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  • Why my collision detection is not accurate?

    - by optimisez
    After trying and trying, I still cannot understand why the leg of character exceeds the wall but no clipping issue when I hit the wall from below. How should I fix it to make him standstill on the wall? void initPlayer() { // Create texture. hr = D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx(d3dDevice, "player.png", 169, 44, D3DX_DEFAULT, NULL, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255), NULL, NULL, &player); playerRect.left = playerRect.top = 0; playerRect.right = 29; playerRect.bottom = 36; playerDest.X = 0; playerDest.Y = 564; playerDest.length = playerRect.right - playerRect.left; playerDest.height = playerRect.bottom - playerRect.top; } void initBox() { hr = D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx(d3dDevice, "brock.png", 330, 132, D3DX_DEFAULT, NULL, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255), NULL, NULL, &box); boxRect.left = 33; boxRect.top = 0; boxRect.right = 63; boxRect.bottom = 30; boxDest.X = boxDest.Y = 300; boxDest.length = boxRect.right - boxRect.left; boxDest.height = boxRect.bottom - boxRect.top; } bool spriteCollide(Entity player, Entity target) { float left1, left2; float right1, right2; float top1, top2; float bottom1, bottom2; left1 = player.X; left2 = target.X; right1 = player.X + player.length; right2 = target.X + target.length; top1 = player.Y; top2 = target.Y; bottom1 = player.Y + player.height; bottom2 = target.Y + target.height; if (bottom1 < top2) return false; if (top1 > bottom2) return false; if (right1 < left2) return false; if (left1 > right2) return false; return true; } void collideWithBox() { if ( spriteCollide(playerDest, boxDest) && keyArr[VK_UP]) //playerDest.Y += 50; playerDest.Y = boxDest.Y + boxDest.height; else if ( spriteCollide(playerDest, boxDest) && !keyArr[VK_UP]) playerDest.Y = boxDest.Y - boxDest.height; }

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  • How to shade a texture two different colors?

    - by Venesectrix
    To give an example of what I'm asking about, I'll use Saints Row 3 since I've been playing that lately. In that game you can customize your looks and your car's appearance a lot. Your coat can have a primary color and a trim color. Your car can have a primary color and a stripe color, etc. Is there just a single coat texture that is being shaded two different colors somehow or are they overlaying a transparent second texture for the trim/stripes that gets shaded differently? If it's just one texture I'd like to know how it's done. If it's two different textures it seems like it's a waste of space. The second texture would be the same size as the first one but mostly transparent if you just wanted to lay it on top of the first one. Or are they just carefully positioning a second, smaller texture so that it aligns properly with the first one?

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  • How do you prevent inflation in a virtual economy?

    - by Tetrad
    With your typical MMORPG, players can usually farm the world for raw materials essentially forever. Monsters/mineral veins/etc are usually on some respawn timer so, other than time, there really isn't a good way to limit the amount of new currency entering the system. So that really only leaves money sinks to try to take money out of the system. What are some strategies to prevent inflation of the in-game currency?

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  • How should I model an economy-based game in code?

    - by Matthew G.
    I'd like to create an economy game based on an ancient civilization. I'm not sure how to design it. If I were working on a smaller game, like a copy of "Space Invaders," I'd have no problem structuring it like this: Main Control Class Graphics Class Player Class Enemy class I don't understand how I'd do this for larger projects like my economy game. Do I create a country class that contains a bunch of towns? Do the towns contain a lot building class, most contain classes of people? Do I make a path finding class that the player can access to get around?

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