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  • List of Django model instance foreign keys losing consistency during state changes.

    - by Joshua
    I have model, Match, with two foreign keys: class Match(model.Model): winner = models.ForeignKey(Player) loser = models.ForeignKey(Player) When I loop over Match I find that each model instance uses a unique object for the foreign key. This ends up biting me because it introduces inconsistency, here is an example: >>> def print_elo(match_list): ... for match in match_list: ... print match.winner.id, match.winner.elo ... print match.loser.id, match.loser.elo ... >>> print_elo(teacher_match_list) 4 1192.0000000000 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 4 1192.0000000000 >>> teacher_match_list[0].winner.elo = 3000 >>> print_elo(teacher_match_list) 4 3000 # Object 4 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 4 1192.0000000000 # Object 4 >>> I solved this problem like so: def unify_refrences(match_list): """Makes each unique refrence to a model instance non-unique. In cases where multiple model instances are being used django creates a new object for each model instance, even if it that means creating the same instance twice. If one of these objects has its state changed any other object refrencing the same model instance will not be updated. This method ensure that state changes are seen. It makes sure that variables which hold objects pointing to the same model all hold the same object. Visually this means that a list of [var1, var2] whose internals look like so: var1 --> object1 --> model1 var2 --> object2 --> model1 Will result in the internals being changed so that: var1 --> object1 --> model1 var2 ------^ """ match_dict = {} for match in match_list: try: match.winner = match_dict[match.winner.id] except KeyError: match_dict[match.winner.id] = match.winner try: match.loser = match_dict[match.loser.id] except KeyError: match_dict[match.loser.id] = match.loser My question: Is there a way to solve the problem more elegantly through the use of QuerySets without needing to call save at any point? If not, I'd like to make the solution more generic: how can you get a list of the foreign keys on a model instance or do you have a better generic solution to my problem? Please correct me if you think I don't understand why this is happening.

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  • Repoze.bfg or Grok

    - by fridder
    Hello, I am about to take the head long plunge into Zope land and am wondering which framework would fit my needs better. I have some experience toying around with django and the primary reason I am switching to a zope-based framework is ZPT and also needing to occasionally do things with Plone. Both seem to be well run projects I am mainly wondering which would have the better learning overlap with Plone? Thanks in advance!

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  • Django date filter: how come the format used is different from the one in datetime library ???

    - by Sébastien Piquemal
    Hello ! For formatting a date using date filter you must use the following format : {{ my_date|date:"Y-m-d" }} If you use strftime from the standard datetime, you have to use the following : my_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") So my question is ... isn't it ugly (I guess it is because of the % that is used also for tags, and therefore is escaped or something) ? But that's not the main question ... I would like to use the same DATE_FORMAT parametrized in settings.py all over the project, but it therefore seems that I cannot ! Is there a work around (for example a filter that removes the % after the date has been formatted like {{ my_date|date|dream_filter }}, because if I just use DATE_FORMAT = "%Y-%m-%d" I got something like %2001-%6-%12)?

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  • Issue using GAE appcfg.py

    - by JustSmith
    I get nothing out of appcfg.py besides the default output. I'm trying to upload some data to my development project with no luck at at all. From the instructions on the Google App Engine page the steps are as follows: Edit app.yaml update with appcfg.py make upload script upload with appcfg.py After step one I try to run the update and it never shows any success. The following commands product the same output: appcfg.py appcfg.py update appDir appcfg.py update appDir/ appcfg.py update /appDir If i try to follow the instructions from the appcfg.py output and type help upload and get: "help <action>" I get a response from the system, This command is not supported by the help utility. Try "update /?". cause I'm calling the system help command. If I use the command appcfg.py help upload I get the same result as just typing appcfg.py Can someone show me examples of the syntax to update the dev site, upload data to it and get appcfg.py to actually give help on its commands? Also I'm just assuming that the upload script and the .csv file that are being uploaded are in they myApp directory. Appreciate any help,

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  • Parse http GET and POST parameters from BaseHTTPHandler?

    - by ataylor
    BaseHTTPHandler from the BaseHTTPServer module doesn't seem to provide any convenient way to access http request parameters. What is the best way to parse the GET parameters from the path, and the POST parameters from the request body? Right now, I'm using this for GET: def do_GET(self): parsed_path = urlparse.urlparse(self.path) try: params = dict([p.split('=') for p in parsed_path[4].split('&')]) except: params = {} This works for most cases, but I'd like something more robust that handles encodings and cases like empty parameters properly. Ideally, I'd like something small and standalone, rather than a full web framework.

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  • How to map coordinates in AxesImage to coordinates in saved image file?

    - by Vebjorn Ljosa
    I use matplotlib to display a matrix of numbers as an image, attach labels along the axes, and save the plot to a PNG file. For the purpose of creating an HTML image map, I need to know the pixel coordinates in the PNG file for a region in the image being displayed by imshow. I have found an example of how to do this with a regular plot, but when I try to do the same with imshow, the mapping is not correct. Here is my code, which saves an image and attempts to print the pixel coordinates of the center of each square on the diagonal: import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig = plt.figure() ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8]) axim = ax.imshow(np.random.random((27,27)), interpolation='nearest') for x, y in axim.get_transform().transform(zip(range(28), range(28))): print int(x), int(fig.get_figheight() * fig.get_dpi() - y) plt.savefig('foo.png', dpi=fig.get_dpi()) Here is the resulting foo.png, shown as a screenshot in order to include the rulers: The output of the script starts and ends as follows: 73 55 92 69 111 83 130 97 149 112 … 509 382 528 396 547 410 566 424 585 439 As you see, the y-coordinates are correct, but the x-coordinates are stretched: they range from 73 to 585 instead of the expected 135 to 506, and they are spaced 19 pixels o.c. instead of the expected 14. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Why does ASP.NET web site reference assembly from GAC, when adding local reference?

    - by Konstantin
    When you use ASP.NET web site (instead of web application model) and add reference to an assembly from local folder, Visual Studio, it seems, understands that this local assembly is also in GAC and so does NOT copy this assembly to bin folder (as it does with non-GAC assemblies), but simply adds new record in web.config file. Why such a behaviour? Is it possible to force copy to bin folder (I need this since .dll is not on target environment)? I can add assembly to bin folder as file and it will work, but in this case bin folder contents will be in source control, which is not good.

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  • Pythonic / itertools way to go through a dict?

    - by dmd
    def reportCSV(t): ret = '' for ev in t: for p in t[ev]: for w in t[ev][p]: ret += ','.join((ev, p, w, t[ev][p][w])) + '\n' return ret What is a more pythonic way to do this, e.g. using itertools or the like? In this case I'm just writing it out to a CSV file. t is a dict t[ev] is a dict t[ev][p] is a dict t[ev][p][w] is a float I'm not sure how I'd use itertools.product in this case.

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  • Django CSRF failure when form posts to a different frame

    - by Leopd
    I'm building a page where I want to have a form that posts to an iframe on the same page. The Template looks like this: <form action="form-results" method="post" target="resultspane" > {% csrf_token %} <input name="query"> <input type=submit> </form> <iframe src="form-results" name="resultspane" width="100%" height="70%"> </iframe> The view behind form-results is getting CSRF errors. Is there something special needed for cross-frame posting?

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  • How to return an image in an HTTP response with CherryPy

    - by colinmarc
    I have code which generates a Cairo ImageSurface, and I expose it like so: def preview(...): surface = cairo.ImageSurface(cairo.FORMAT_ARGB32, width, height) ... cherrypy.response.headers['Content-Type'] = "image/png" return surface.get_data() preview.exposed = True This doesn't work (browsers report that the image has errors). I've tested that surface.write_to_png('test.png') works, but I'm not sure what to dump the data into to return it. I'm guessing some file-like object? According to the pycairo documentation, get_data() returns a buffer. I've also now tried: tempf = os.tmpfile() surface.write_to_png(tempf) return tempf Also, is it better to create and hold this image in memory (like I'm trying to do) or write it to disk as a temp file and serve it from there? I only need the image once, then it can be discarded.

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  • Using sphinx to create context sensitive html help

    - by bluebill
    Hi all, I am currently using AsciiDoc (http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/) for documenting my software projects because it supports pdf and html help generation. I am currently running it through cygwin so that the a2x tool chain functions properly. This works well for me but is a pain to setup on other windows computers. I have been looking for alternative methods and recently revisited Sphinx. Noticing that it now produces html help files I gave it a try and it seems to work well in the small tests I performed. My question is, is there a way to specify map id's for context sensitive help in the text so that my windows programs can call the proper help api and the file is launched and opened to the desired location? In AsciiDoc I am using "pass::[]". By using these constructs a context.h and alias.h are generated along with the other html help files (context sensitive help information).

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  • Why do socket.makefile objects fail after the first read for UDP sockets?

    - by Eli Courtwright
    I'm using the socket.makefile method to create a file-like object on a UDP socket for the purposes of reading. When I receive a UDP packet, I can read the entire contents of the packet all at once by using the read method, but if I try to split it up into multiple reads, my program hangs. Here's a program which demonstrates this problem: import socket from sys import argv SERVER_ADDR = ("localhost", 12345) sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) sock.bind(SERVER_ADDR) f = sock.makefile("rb") sock.sendto("HelloWorld", SERVER_ADDR) if "--all" in argv: print f.read(10) else: print f.read(5) print f.read(5) If I run the above program with the --all option, then it works perfectly and prints HelloWorld. If I run it without that option, it prints Hello and then hangs on the second read. I do not have this problem with socket.makefile objects when using TCP sockets. Why is this happening and what can I do to stop it?

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  • Is it approproate it use django signals withing the same app

    - by Alex Lebedev
    Trying to add email notification to my app in the cleanest way possible. When certain fields of a model change, app should send a notification to a user. Here's my old solution: from django.contrib.auth import User class MyModel(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) field_a = models.CharField() field_b = models.CharField() def save(self, *args, **kwargs): old = self.__class__.objects.get(pk=self.pk) if self.pk else None super(MyModel, self).save(*args, **kwargs) if old and old.field_b != self.field_b: self.notify("b-changed") # Sevelar more events here # ... def notify(self, event) subj, text = self._prepare_notification(event) send_mail(subj, body, settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL, [self.user.email], fail_silently=True) This worked fine while I had one or two notification types, but after that just felt wrong to have so much code in my save() method. So, I changed code to signal-based: from django.db.models import signals def remember_old(sender, instance, **kwargs): """pre_save hanlder to save clean copy of original record into `old` attribute """ instance.old = None if instance.pk: try: instance.old = sender.objects.get(pk=instance.pk) except ObjectDoesNotExist: pass def on_mymodel_save(sender, instance, created, **kwargs): old = instance.old if old and old.field_b != instance.field_b: self.notify("b-changed") # Sevelar more events here # ... signals.pre_save.connect(remember_old, sender=MyModel, dispatch_uid="mymodel-remember-old") signals.post_save.connect(on_mymodel_save, sender=MyModel, dispatch_uid="mymodel-on-save") The benefit is that I can separate event handlers into different module, reducing size of models.py and I can enable/disable them individually. The downside is that this solution is more code and signal handlers are separated from model itself and unknowing reader can miss them altogether. So, colleagues, do you think it's worth it?

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  • Regex: Matching a space-joined list of words, excluding last whitespace

    - by Jesper
    How would I match a space separated list of words followed by whitespace and some optional numbers? I have this: >>> import re >>> m = re.match('(?P<words>(\w+\s+)+)(?P<num>\d+)?\r\n', 'Foo Bar 12345\r\n') >>> m.groupdict() {'num': '12345', 'words': 'Foo Bar '} I'd like the words group to not include the last whitespace(s) but I can't figure this one out. I could do a .strip() on the result but that's not as much fun :) Some strings to test and wanted result: 'Foo & Bar 555\r\n' => {'num': '555', 'words': 'Foo & Bar'} 'Hello World\r\n' => {'num': None, 'words': 'Hello World'} 'Spam 99\r\n' => {'num': 99, 'words': 'Spam'} 'Number 1 666\r\n' => {'num': 666, 'words': 'Number 1'}

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  • Copying (or recovering) a .PFX password to another machine?

    - by Adam Robinson
    First things first, I'm aware of all of the finger-wagging potential that this question provides. However, I'm attempting to help out a friend with a project so I haven't been part of the decision making process thus far. I'm attempting to set up a new development machine, but one of the projects is signed with a .PFX key that's password protected and the original developer does not remember the password. The current development machine can open and build the project just fine, so I'm wondering if there is any way either to copy or to recover the saved password that Visual Studio is using on the original box so that the file can be used on the new box. Signing with a new file is obviously an option, but one that we'd prefer to avoid. Does anyone know of a way either to recover or copy the credentials for this file to a new machine?

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  • installing simplejson on the google appengine

    - by user266564
    Super nub question time! I am trying to use simplejson on the google appengine. In a terminal on my machine I have simplejson installed and working. But my when I try to import it in a script running on the appengine I get an error saying no such library exists. If open the interactive console on my machine (from the link on http://localhost:8080/_ah/admin) and type "import simplejson" I get: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/chris/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/admin/init.py", line 210, in post exec(compiled_code, globals()) File "", line 1, in ImportError: No module named simplejson Any thoughts?

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  • Hyphenate a random string to an exact format

    - by chrissygormley
    Hello, I am creating a random ID using the below code: from random import * import string # The characters to make up the random password chars = string.ascii_letters + string.digits def random_password(): return "".join(choice(chars) for x in range(32)) This will output something like: 60ff612332b741508bc4432e34ec1d3e I would like the format to be in this format: 60ff6123-32b7-4150-8bc4-432e34ec1d3e I was looking at the .split() method but can't see how to do this with a random id, also the hyphen's must be at these places so splitting them by a certain amount of digits is out. I'm asking is there a way to split these random id's by 8 number's then 4 etc. Thanks

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  • Eclipse+PyDev+GAE memcache error

    - by bocco
    I've started using Eclipe+PyDev as an environment for developing my first app for Google App Engine. Eclipse is configured according to this tutorial. Everything was working until I start to use memcache. PyDev reports the errors and I don't know how to fix it: Error: Undefined variable from import: get How to fix this? Sure, it is only PyDev checker problem. Code is correct and run on GAE. UPDATE: I'm using PyDev 1.5.0 but experienced the same with 1.4.8. My PYTHONPATH includes (set in Project Properties/PyDev - PYTHONPATH): C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\webob C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\yaml\lib UPDATE 2: I took a look at C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\api\memcache\__init__.py and found get() is not declared as memcache module function. They use the following trick to do that (I didn't hear about such possibility): _CLIENT = None def setup_client(client_obj): """Sets the Client object instance to use for all module-level methods. Use this method if you want to have customer persistent_id() or persistent_load() functions associated with your client. Args: client_obj: Instance of the memcache.Client object. """ global _CLIENT var_dict = globals() _CLIENT = client_obj var_dict['set_servers'] = _CLIENT.set_servers var_dict['disconnect_all'] = _CLIENT.disconnect_all var_dict['forget_dead_hosts'] = _CLIENT.forget_dead_hosts var_dict['debuglog'] = _CLIENT.debuglog var_dict['get'] = _CLIENT.get var_dict['get_multi'] = _CLIENT.get_multi var_dict['set'] = _CLIENT.set var_dict['set_multi'] = _CLIENT.set_multi var_dict['add'] = _CLIENT.add var_dict['add_multi'] = _CLIENT.add_multi var_dict['replace'] = _CLIENT.replace var_dict['replace_multi'] = _CLIENT.replace_multi var_dict['delete'] = _CLIENT.delete var_dict['delete_multi'] = _CLIENT.delete_multi var_dict['incr'] = _CLIENT.incr var_dict['decr'] = _CLIENT.decr var_dict['flush_all'] = _CLIENT.flush_all var_dict['get_stats'] = _CLIENT.get_stats setup_client(Client()) Hmm... Any idea how to force PyDev to recognize that?

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  • One Line 'If' or 'For'...

    - by aTory
    Every so often on here I see someone's code and what looks to be a 'one-liner', that being a one line statement that performs in the standard way a traditional 'if' statement or 'for' loop works. I've googled around and can't really find what kind of ones you can perform? Can anyone advise and preferably give some examples? For example, could I do this in one line: example = "example" if "exam" in example: print "yes!" Or: for a in someList: list.append(splitColon.split(a))

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  • Pushing data once a URL is requested

    - by Eli Grey
    Given, when a user requests /foo on my server, I send the following HTTP response (not closing the connection): Content-Type: multipart/x-mixed-replace; boundary=----------------------- ----------------------- Content-Type: text/html <a href="/bar">foo</a> When the user clicks on foo (which will send 204 No Content so the view doesn't change), I want to send the following data in the initial response. ----------------------- Content-Type: text/html bar How would could I get the second request to trigger this from the initial response? I'm planning on possibly creating a fancy [engines that support multipart/x-mixed-replace (currently only Gecko)]-only email webapp that does server-push and Ajax effects without any JavaScript, just for fun.

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  • Django and conditional aggregates

    - by piquadrat
    I have two models, authors and articles: class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField('name', max_length=100) class Article(models.Model) title = models.CharField('title', max_length=100) pubdate = models.DateTimeField('publication date') authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author) Now I want to select all authors and annotate them with their respective article count. That's a piece of cake with Django's aggregates. Problem is, it should only count the articles that are already published. According to ticket 11305 in the Django ticket tracker, this is not yet possible. I tried to use the CountIf annotation mentioned in that ticket, but it doesn't quote the datetime string and doesn't make all the joins it would need. So, what's the best solution, other than writing custom SQL?

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  • Requires a valid Date or x-amz-date header?

    - by Jordan Messina
    I'm getting the following error when attempting to upload a file to S3: S3StorageError: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Error><Code>AccessDenied</Code><Message>AWS authentication requires a valid Date or x-amz-date header</Message><RequestId>7910FF83F3FE17E2</RequestId><HostId>EjycXTgSwUkx19YNkpAoY2UDDur/0d5SMvGJUicpN6qCZFa2OuqcpibIR3NJ2WKB</HostId></Error> I'm using Django with Django-Storages and Imagekit My S3 settings in my settings.py looks as follows: locale.setlocale(locale.LC_TIME, 'en_US') DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'backends.s3.S3Storage' AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = '************************' AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = '*****************************' AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = 'static.blabla.com' AWS_HEADERS = { 'x-amz-date': datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT'), 'Expires': 'Thu, 15 Apr 2200 20:00:00 GMT', } from S3 import CallingFormat AWS_CALLING_FORMAT = CallingFormat.SUBDOMAIN Thanks for any help you can give!

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  • Compound dictionary keys

    - by John Keyes
    I have a particular case where using compound dictionary keys would make a task easier. I have a working solution, but feel it is inelegant. How would you do it? context = { 'database': { 'port': 9990, 'users': ['number2', 'dr_evil'] }, 'admins': ['[email protected]', '[email protected]'], 'domain.name': 'virtucon.com' } def getitem(key, context): if hasattr(key, 'upper') and key in context: return context[key] keys = key if hasattr(key, 'pop') else key.split('.') k = keys.pop(0) if keys: try: return getitem(keys, context[k]) except KeyError, e: raise KeyError(key) if hasattr(context, 'count'): k = int(k) return context[k] if __name__ == "__main__": print getitem('database', context) print getitem('database.port', context) print getitem('database.users.0', context) print getitem('admins', context) print getitem('domain.name', context) try: getitem('database.nosuchkey', context) except KeyError, e: print "Error:", e Thanks.

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