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  • Fastest way to generate delimited string from 1d numpy array

    - by Abiel
    I have a program which needs to turn many large one-dimensional numpy arrays of floats into delimited strings. I am finding this operation quite slow relative to the mathematical operations in my program and am wondering if there is a way to speed it up. For example, consider the following loop, which takes 100,000 random numbers in a numpy array and joins each array into a comma-delimited string. import numpy as np x = np.random.randn(100000) for i in range(100): ",".join(map(str, x)) This loop takes about 20 seconds to complete (total, not each cycle). In contrast, consider that 100 cycles of something like elementwise multiplication (x*x) would take than one 1/10 of a second to complete. Clearly the string join operation creates a large performance bottleneck; in my actual application it will dominate total runtime. This makes me wonder, is there a faster way than ",".join(map(str, x))? Since map() is where almost all the processing time occurs, this comes down to the question of whether there a faster to way convert a very large number of numbers to strings.

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  • How to run unittest under pydev for Django?

    - by photon
    I configured properties for my django project under pydev. I can run the django app under pydev or under console window. I can also run unittest for app under console window. But I have problems to run unittest under pydev. I guess it's something related to run configurations of pydev, so I made several trials, but with no success. Once I got messages like this: ImportError: Could not import settings 'D:\django_projects\MyProject' (Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?): No module named D:\django_projects\MyProject ERROR: Module: MyUnittestFile could not be imported. Another time I got messages like this: ImportError: Could not import settings 'MyProject.settngs' (Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?): No module named settngs 'ERROR: Module: MyUnittestFile could not be imported. I use pydev 1.5.6 on eclipse and windows xp. Any ideas for this problem?

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  • How to sort my paws?

    - by Ivo Flipse
    In my previous question I got an excellent answer that helped me detect where a paw hit a pressure plate, but now I'm struggling to link these results to their corresponding paws: I manually annotated the paws (RF=right front, RH= right hind, LF=left front, LH=left hind). As you can see there's clearly a pattern repeating pattern and it comes back in aknist every measurement. Here's a link to a presentation of 6 trials that were manually annotated. My initial thought was to use heuristics to do the sorting, like: There's a ~60-40% ratio in weight bearing between the front and hind paws; The hind paws are generally smaller in surface; The paws are (often) spatially divided in left and right. However, I’m a bit skeptical about my heuristics, as they would fail on me as soon as I encounter a variation I hadn’t thought off. They also won’t be able to cope with measurements from lame dogs, whom probably have rules of their own. Furthermore, the annotation suggested by Joe sometimes get's messed up and doesn't take into account what the paw actually looks like. Based on the answers I received on my question about peak detection within the paw, I’m hoping there are more advanced solutions to sort the paws. Especially because the pressure distribution and the progression thereof are different for each separate paw, almost like a fingerprint. I hope there's a method that can use this to cluster my paws, rather than just sorting them in order of occurrence. So I'm looking for a better way to sort the results with their corresponding paw. For anyone up to the challenge, I have pickled a dictionary with all the sliced arrays that contain the pressure data of each paw (bundled by measurement) and the slice that describes their location (location on the plate and in time). To clarfiy: walk_sliced_data is a dictionary that contains ['ser_3', 'ser_2', 'sel_1', 'sel_2', 'ser_1', 'sel_3'], which are the names of the measurements. Each measurement contains another dictionary, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] (example from 'sel_1') which represent the impacts that were extracted. Also note that 'false' impacts, such as where the paw is partially measured (in space or time) can be ignored. They are only useful because they can help recognizing a pattern, but won't be analyzed. And for anyone interested, I’m keeping a blog with all the updates regarding the project!

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  • Map only certain parts of the class to a database using SQLAlchemy?

    - by Az
    When mapping an object using SQLAlchemy, is there a way to only map certain elements of a class to a database, or does it have to be a 1:1 mapping? Example: class User(object): def __init__(self, name, username, password, year_of_birth): self.name = name self.username = username self.password = password self.year_of_birth = year_of_birth Say, for whatever reason, I only wish to map the name, username and password to the database and leave out the year_of_birth. Is that possible and will this create problems? Edit - 25/03/2010 Additionally, say I want to map username and year_of_birth to a separate database. Will this database and the one above still be connected (via username)?

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  • getting keyboard events with pyqt

    - by Moayyad Yaghi
    hello i converted recently from wxpython to pyqt and im still facing alot of problems since im still noob in pyqt so is it possible to detected if user pressed (CTRL+key ) in pyqt ? and how ? i've been trying to find an answer for this for 3 days . if you know website or a good place to learn pyqt, it will be highly appreciated thanx in advance

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  • Preserve time stamp when shrinking an image

    - by Ckhrysze
    My digital camera takes pictures with a very high resolution, and I have a PIL script to shrink them to 800x600 (or 600x800). However, it would be nice for the resultant file to retain the original timestamp. I noticed in the docs that I can use a File object instead of a name in PIL's image save method, but I don't know if that will help or not. My code is basically name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename) # open an image file (.bmp,.jpg,.png,.gif) you have in the working folder image = Image.open(filename) width = 800 height = 600 w, h = image.size if h > w: width = 600 height = 800 name = name + ".jpg" shunken = image.resize((width, height), Image.ANTIALIAS) shunken.save(name) Thank you for any help you can give!

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  • How do I create self-relationships in polymorphic inheritance in Elixir and Pylons?

    - by Turukawa
    I am new to programming and am following the example in the Pylons documentation on creating a Wiki. The database I want to link to the wiki was created with Elixir so I rewrote the Wiki database schema and have continued from there. In the wiki there is a requirement for a Navigation table which is inherited by Pages and Sections. A section can have many pages, while a page can only have one section. In addition, each sibling node can be chain-referenced to each other. So: Nav has "section" (OneToMany) and "before" (OneToOne - to reference preceeding node) Page has "section" (ManyToOne - many pages in one section) and inherits "before" Section inherits all from Nav The code I've written looks like this: class Nav(Entity): using_options(inheritance='multi') name = Field(Unicode(30), default=u'Untitled Node') path = Field(Unicode(255), default=u'') section = OneToMany('Page', inverse='section') after = OneToOne('Nav', inverse='before') before = OneToMany('Nav', inverse='after') class Page(Nav): using_options(inheritance='multi') content = Field(UnicodeText, nullable=False) posted = Field(DateTime, default=now()) title = Field(Unicode(255), default=u'Untitled Page') heading = Field(Unicode(255)) tags = ManyToMany('Tag') comments = OneToMany('Comment') section = ManyToOne('Nav', inverse='section') class Section(Nav): using_options(inheritance='multi') Errors received on this: sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError: (OperationalError) table nav has no column named aftr_id u'INSERT INTO nav (name, path, aftr_id, row_type) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)' I've also tried: before = ManyToMany('Nav', inverse='before') on Nav in the hopes this might break the problem, but also not. The original SQLAlchemy code from the tutorial for these declarations is as follows: nav_table = schema.Table('nav', meta.metadata, schema.Column('id', types.Integer(), schema.Sequence('nav_id_seq', optional=True), primary_key=True), schema.Column('name', types.Unicode(255), default=u'Untitled Node'), schema.Column('path', types.Unicode(255), default=u''), schema.Column('section', types.Integer(), schema.ForeignKey('nav.id')), schema.Column('before', types.Integer(), default=None), schema.Column('type', types.String(30), nullable=False) ) page_table = schema.Table('page', meta.metadata, schema.Column('id', types.Integer, schema.ForeignKey('nav.id'), primary_key=True), schema.Column('content', types.Text(), nullable=False), schema.Column('posted', types.DateTime(), default=now), schema.Column('title', types.Unicode(255), default=u'Untitled Page'), schema.Column('heading', types.Unicode(255)), ) section_table = sa.Table('section', meta.metadata, schema.Column('id', types.Integer, schema.ForeignKey('nav.id'), primary_key=True), ) orm.mapper(Nav, nav_table, polymorphic_on=nav_table.c.type, polymorphic_identity='nav') orm.mapper(Section, section_table, inherits=Nav, polymorphic_identity='section') orm.mapper(Page, page_table, inherits=Nav, polymorphic_identity='page', properties={ 'comments':orm.relation(Comment, backref='page', cascade='all'), 'tags':orm.relation(Tag, secondary=pagetag_table) }) Any help is much appreciated.

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  • Adding a generic image field onto a ModelForm in django

    - by Prairiedogg
    I have two models, Room and Image. Image is a generic model that can tack onto any other model. I want to give users a form to upload an image when they post information about a room. I've written code that works, but I'm afraid I've done it the hard way, and specifically in a way that violates DRY. Was hoping someone who's a little more familiar with django forms could point out where I've gone wrong. Update: I've tried to clarify why I chose this design in comments to the current answers. To summarize: I didn't simply put an ImageField on the Room model because I wanted more than one image associated with the Room model. I chose a generic Image model because I wanted to add images to several different models. The alternatives I considered were were multiple foreign keys on a single Image class, which seemed messy, or multiple Image classes, which I thought would clutter my schema. I didn't make this clear in my first post, so sorry about that. Seeing as none of the answers so far has addressed how to make this a little more DRY I did come up with my own solution which was to add the upload path as a class attribute on the image model and reference that every time it's needed. # Models class Image(models.Model): content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() content_object = generic.GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') image = models.ImageField(_('Image'), height_field='', width_field='', upload_to='uploads/images', max_length=200) class Room(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) image_set = generic.GenericRelation('Image') # The form class AddRoomForm(forms.ModelForm): image_1 = forms.ImageField() class Meta: model = Room # The view def handle_uploaded_file(f): # DRY violation, I've already specified the upload path in the image model upload_suffix = join('uploads/images', f.name) upload_path = join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, upload_suffix) destination = open(upload_path, 'wb+') for chunk in f.chunks(): destination.write(chunk) destination.close() return upload_suffix def add_room(request, apartment_id, form_class=AddRoomForm, template='apartments/add_room.html'): apartment = Apartment.objects.get(id=apartment_id) if request.method == 'POST': form = form_class(request.POST, request.FILES) if form.is_valid(): room = form.save() image_1 = form.cleaned_data['image_1'] # Instead of writing a special function to handle the image, # shouldn't I just be able to pass it straight into Image.objects.create # ...but it doesn't seem to work for some reason, wrong syntax perhaps? upload_path = handle_uploaded_file(image_1) image = Image.objects.create(content_object=room, image=upload_path) return HttpResponseRedirect(room.get_absolute_url()) else: form = form_class() context = {'form': form, } return direct_to_template(request, template, extra_context=context)

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  • Pyplot connect to timer event?

    - by Baron Yugovich
    The same way I now have plt.connect('button_press_event', self.on_click) I would like to have something like plt.connect('each_five_seconds_event', self.on_timer) How can I achieve this in a way that's most similar to what I've shown above? EDIT: I tried fig = plt.subplot2grid((num_cols, num_rows), (col, row), rowspan=rowspan, colspan=colspan) timer = fig.canvas.new_timer(interval=100, callbacks=[(self.on_click)]) timer.start() And got AttributeError: 'AxesSubplot' object has no attribute 'canvas'

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  • IIS6 Metabase Compatiblity not installing correctly for Vista IIS7

    - by Mr Snuffle
    I've been bashing my head against this one for a few days, and haven't had any luck with it. I'm unable to get my VS2010 ASP.NET project to deploy to IIS. I receive the error "Unable to create the virtual directory. To access local IIS Web sites, you must install the following IIS Components IIS 6 Metabase and IIS 6 Configuration Compatibility ASP.NET In addition, you must run Visual Studio in the context of an Administrator Account" I've most certainly installed the metabase option, but it still shows up. I'm also not sure why it's telling me to install ASP.NET. Google is being entirely unhelpful, I was wondering if anyone here has any suggestions. I'm running Vista Ultimate 64Bit

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  • Stream a file to the HTTP response in Pylons

    - by Evgeny
    I have a Pylons controller action that needs to return a file to the client. (The file is outside the web root, so I can't just link directly to it.) The simplest way is, of course, this: with open(filepath, 'rb') as f: response.write(f.read()) That works, but it's obviously inefficient for large files. What's the best way to do this? I haven't been able to find any convenient methods in Pylons to stream the contents of the file. Do I really have to write the code to read a chunk at a time myself from scratch?

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  • SQLAlchemy custom query column

    - by thrillerator
    I have a declarative table defined like this: class Transaction(Base): __tablename__ = "transactions" id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) account_id = Column(Integer) transfer_account_id = Column(Integer) amount = Column(Numeric(12, 2)) ... The query should be: SELECT id, (CASE WHEN transfer_account_id=1 THEN -amount ELSE amount) AS amount FROM transactions WHERE account_id = 1 OR transfer_account_id = 1 My code is: query = Transaction.query.filter_by(account_id=1, transfer_account_id=1) query = query.add_column(func.case(...).label("amount") But it doesn't replace the amount column. Been trying to do this with for hours and I don't want to use raw SQL.

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  • Using sphinx to create context sensitive html help

    - by bluebill
    Hi all, I am currently using AsciiDoc (http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/) for documenting my software projects because it supports pdf and html help generation. I am currently running it through cygwin so that the a2x tool chain functions properly. This works well for me but is a pain to setup on other windows computers. I have been looking for alternative methods and recently revisited Sphinx. Noticing that it now produces html help files I gave it a try and it seems to work well in the small tests I performed. My question is, is there a way to specify map id's for context sensitive help in the text so that my windows programs can call the proper help api and the file is launched and opened to the desired location? In AsciiDoc I am using "pass::[]". By using these constructs a context.h and alias.h are generated along with the other html help files (context sensitive help information).

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  • Issue using GAE appcfg.py

    - by JustSmith
    I get nothing out of appcfg.py besides the default output. I'm trying to upload some data to my development project with no luck at at all. From the instructions on the Google App Engine page the steps are as follows: Edit app.yaml update with appcfg.py make upload script upload with appcfg.py After step one I try to run the update and it never shows any success. The following commands product the same output: appcfg.py appcfg.py update appDir appcfg.py update appDir/ appcfg.py update /appDir If i try to follow the instructions from the appcfg.py output and type help upload and get: "help <action>" I get a response from the system, This command is not supported by the help utility. Try "update /?". cause I'm calling the system help command. If I use the command appcfg.py help upload I get the same result as just typing appcfg.py Can someone show me examples of the syntax to update the dev site, upload data to it and get appcfg.py to actually give help on its commands? Also I'm just assuming that the upload script and the .csv file that are being uploaded are in they myApp directory. Appreciate any help,

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  • Perceptron Classification and Model Training

    - by jake pinedo
    I'm having an issue with understanding how the Perceptron algorithm works and implementing it. cLabel = 0 #class label: corresponds directly with featureVectors and tweets for m in range(miters): for point in featureVectors: margin = answers[cLabel] * self.dot_product(point, w) if margin <= 0: modifier = float(lrate) * float(answers[cLabel]) modifiedPoint = point for x in modifiedPoint: if x != 0: x *= modifier newWeight = [modifiedPoint[i] + w[i] for i in range(len(w))] w = newWeight self._learnedWeight = w This is what I've implemented so far, where I have a list of class labels in answers and a learning rate (lrate) and a list of feature vectors. I run it for the numbers of iterations in miter and then get the final weight at the end. However, I'm not sure what to do with this weight. I've trained the perceptron and now I have to classify a set of tweets, but I don't know how to do that. EDIT: Specifically, what I do in my classify method is I go through and create a feature vector for the data I'm given, which isn't a problem at all, and then I take the self._learnedWeight that I get from the earlier training code and compute the dot-product of the vector and the weight. My weight and feature vectors include a bias in the 0th term of the list so I'm including that. I then check to see if the dotproduct is less than or equal to 0: if so, then I classify it as -1. Otherwise, it's 1. However, this doesn't seem to be working correctly.

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  • django admin app error (Model with property field): global name 'full_name' is not defined

    - by rxin
    This is my model: class Author(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=200) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=200) middle_name = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=True) def __unicode__(self): return full_name def _get_full_name(self): "Returns the person's full name." if self.middle_name == '': return "%s %s" % (self.first_name, self.last_name) else: return "%s %s %s" % (self.first_name, self.middle_name, self.last_name) full_name = property(_get_full_name) Everything is fine except when I go into admin interface, I see TemplateSyntaxError at /bibbase2/admin/bibbase2/author/ Caught an exception while rendering: global name 'full_name' is not defined It seems like the built-in admin app doesn't work with a property field. Is there something wrong with my code?

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  • Why do I get rows of zeros in my 2D fft?

    - by Nicholas Pringle
    I am trying to replicate the results from a paper. "Two-dimensional Fourier Transform (2D-FT) in space and time along sections of constant latitude (east-west) and longitude (north-south) were used to characterize the spectrum of the simulated flux variability south of 40degS." - Lenton et al(2006) The figures published show "the log of the variance of the 2D-FT". I have tried to create an array consisting of the seasonal cycle of similar data as well as the noise. I have defined the noise as the original array minus the signal array. Here is the code that I used to plot the 2D-FT of the signal array averaged in latitude: import numpy as np from numpy import ma from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from Scientific.IO.NetCDF import NetCDFFile ### input directory indir = '/home/nicholas/data/' ### get the flux data which is in ### [time(5day ave for 10 years),latitude,longitude] nc = NetCDFFile(indir + 'CFLX_2000_2009.nc','r') cflux_southern_ocean = nc.variables['Cflx'][:,10:50,:] cflux_southern_ocean = ma.masked_values(cflux_southern_ocean,1e+20) # mask land nc.close() cflux = cflux_southern_ocean*1e08 # change units of data from mmol/m^2/s ### create an array that consists of the seasonal signal fro each pixel year_stack = np.split(cflux, 10, axis=0) year_stack = np.array(year_stack) signal_array = np.tile(np.mean(year_stack, axis=0), (10, 1, 1)) signal_array = ma.masked_where(signal_array > 1e20, signal_array) # need to mask ### average the array over latitude(or longitude) signal_time_lon = ma.mean(signal_array, axis=1) ### do a 2D Fourier Transform of the time/space image ft = np.fft.fft2(signal_time_lon) mgft = np.abs(ft) ps = mgft**2 log_ps = np.log(mgft) log_mgft= np.log(mgft) Every second row of the ft consists completely of zeros. Why is this? Would it be acceptable to add a randomly small number to the signal to avoid this. signal_time_lon = signal_time_lon + np.random.randint(0,9,size=(730, 182))*1e-05 EDIT: Adding images and clarify meaning The output of rfft2 still appears to be a complex array. Using fftshift shifts the edges of the image to the centre; I still have a power spectrum regardless. I expect that the reason that I get rows of zeros is that I have re-created the timeseries for each pixel. The ft[0, 0] pixel contains the mean of the signal. So the ft[1, 0] corresponds to a sinusoid with one cycle over the entire signal in the rows of the starting image. Here are is the starting image using following code: plt.pcolormesh(signal_time_lon); plt.colorbar(); plt.axis('tight') Here is result using following code: ft = np.fft.rfft2(signal_time_lon) mgft = np.abs(ft) ps = mgft**2 log_ps = np.log1p(mgft) plt.pcolormesh(log_ps); plt.colorbar(); plt.axis('tight') It may not be clear in the image but it is only every second row that contains completely zeros. Every tenth pixel (log_ps[10, 0]) is a high value. The other pixels (log_ps[2, 0], log_ps[4, 0] etc) have very low values.

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  • How do I do this Database Model in Django?

    - by alex
    Django currently does not support the "Point" datatype in MySQL. That's why I created my own. class PointField(models.Field): def db_type(self): return 'Point' class Tag(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) utm = PointField() As you can see, this works, and syncdb creates the model fine. However, my current code calculates a length between two Points using raw SQL. cursor.execute("SELECT user_id FROM life_tag WHERE\ (GLength(LineStringFromWKB(LineString(asbinary(utm), asbinary(PointFromWKB(point(%s, %s)))))) < 55)... This says: Select where the length between the given point and the table point is less than 55. How can I do this with Django instead of RAW SQL? I don't want to do cursors and SELECT statements anymore. How can I modify the models.py in order to do this?

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  • Getting "Object is read only" error when setting ClientCredentials in WCF

    - by Paul Mrozowski
    I have a proxy object generated by Visual Studio (client side) named ServerClient. I am attempting to set ClientCredentials.UserName.UserName/Password before opening up a new connection using this code: InstanceContext context = new InstanceContext(this); m_client = new ServerClient(context); m_client.ClientCredentials.UserName.UserName = "Sample"; As soon as the code hits the UserName line it fails with an "Object is read-only" error. I know this can happen if the connection is already open or faulted, but at this point I haven't called context.Open() yet. I have configured the Bindings (which uses netTcpBinding) to use Message as it's security mode, and MessageClientCredentialType is set to UserName. Any ideas?

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  • One Line 'If' or 'For'...

    - by aTory
    Every so often on here I see someone's code and what looks to be a 'one-liner', that being a one line statement that performs in the standard way a traditional 'if' statement or 'for' loop works. I've googled around and can't really find what kind of ones you can perform? Can anyone advise and preferably give some examples? For example, could I do this in one line: example = "example" if "exam" in example: print "yes!" Or: for a in someList: list.append(splitColon.split(a))

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