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• MySQL daemon keeps terminating unexpectedly

  - by Yehia A.Salam

  The MySQL daemon on my CentOS server keeps crashing, i got the logs from /var/logs/mysqld but still i am not sure how to fix this: 121114 16:22:56 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended 121114 21:55:11 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql 121114 21:55:11 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 121114 21:55:11 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 121114 21:55:11 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 121114 21:55:11 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 121114 21:55:11 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 121114 21:55:11 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 121114 21:55:11 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 121114 21:55:11 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. InnoDB: The log sequence number in ibdata files does not match InnoDB: the log sequence number in the ib_logfiles! 121114 21:55:11 InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally! InnoDB: Starting crash recovery. InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files... InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite InnoDB: buffer... 121114 21:55:12 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start 121114 21:55:13 InnoDB: 1.1.6 started; log sequence number 77177262 121114 21:55:13 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events 121114 21:55:13 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.5.12' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL) by Remi 121115 00:19:44 mysqld_safe Number of processes running now: 0 121115 00:19:44 mysqld_safe mysqld restarted 121115 0:19:47 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 121115 0:19:47 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 121115 0:19:47 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 121115 0:19:47 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 121115 0:19:47 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 121115 0:19:47 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M InnoDB: mmap(137363456 bytes) failed; errno 12 121115 0:19:47 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 121115 0:19:47 InnoDB: Fatal error: cannot allocate memory for the buffer pool 121115 0:19:47 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error. 121115 0:19:47 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed. 121115 0:19:47 [ERROR] Unknown/unsupported storage engine: InnoDB 121115 0:19:47 [ERROR] Aborting Edit #1 total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 496 370 126 0 24 110 -/+ buffers/cache: 234 261 Swap: 1023 9 1014 Edit #2 Also, largest table in my mysql is 20MB, so my the memory used should be pretty moderate. SELECT CONCAT(table_schema, '.', table_name), CONCAT(ROUND(table_rows / 1000000, 2), 'M') rows, CONCAT(ROUND(data_length / ( 1024 * 1024 * 1024 ), 2), 'G') DATA, CONCAT(ROUND(index_length / ( 1024 * 1024 * 1024 ), 2), 'G') idx, CONCAT(ROUND(( data_length + index_length ) / ( 1024 * 1024 * 1024 ), 2), 'G') total_size, ROUND(index_length / data_length, 2) idxfrac FROM information_schema.TABLES ORDER BY data_length + index_length DESC LIMIT 10;

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• sending mail using mutt + emacs

  - by laks

  How to sent mail from emacs? I found this There are two ways to send the message. C-c C-s (mail-send) sends the message and marks the mail buffer unmodified, but leaves that buffer selected so that you can modify the message (perhaps with new recipients) and send it again. C-c C-c (mail-send-and-exit) sends and then deletes the window or switches to another buffer But both ( ctrl+c ctrl+s ) and (ctrl-c crtl+c) are not working

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• sending mail using mutt + emacs

  - by laks

  How to sent mail from emacs? I found this There are two ways to send the message. C-c C-s (mail-send) sends the message and marks the mail buffer unmodified, but leaves that buffer selected so that you can modify the message (perhaps with new recipients) and send it again. C-c C-c (mail-send-and-exit) sends and then deletes the window or switches to another buffer But both ( ctrl+c ctrl+s ) and (ctrl-c crtl+c) are not working

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• SQL Server and Hyper-V Dynamic Memory - Part 1

  - by SQLOS Team

  SQL and Dynamic Memory Blog Post Series   Hyper-V Dynamic Memory is a new feature in Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 that allows the memory assigned to guest virtual machines to vary according to demand. Using this feature with SQL Server is supported, but how well does it work in an environment where available memory can vary dynamically, especially since SQL Server likes memory, and is not very eager to let go of it? The next three posts will look at this question in detail. In Part 1 Serdar Sutay, a program manager in the Windows Hyper-V team, introduces Dynamic Memory with an overview of the basic architecture, configuration and monitoring concepts. In subsequent parts we will look at SQL Server memory handling, and develop some guidelines on using SQL Server with Dynamic Memory.   Part 1: Dynamic Memory Introduction   In virtualized environments memory is often the bottleneck for reaching higher VM densities. In Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 Hyper-V introduced a new feature “Dynamic Memory” to improve VM densities on Hyper-V hosts. Dynamic Memory increases the memory utilization in virtualized environments by enabling VM memory to be changed dynamically when the VM is running.   This brings up the question of how to utilize this feature with SQL Server VMs as SQL Server performance is very sensitive to the memory being used. In the next three posts we’ll discuss the internals of Dynamic Memory, SQL Server Memory Management and how to use Dynamic Memory with SQL Server VMs.   Memory Utilization Efficiency in Virtualized Environments   The primary reason memory is usually the bottleneck for higher VM densities is that users tend to be generous when assigning memory to their VMs. Here are some memory sizing practices we’ve heard from customers:   ·         I assign 4 GB of memory to my VMs. I don’t know if all of it is being used by the applications but no one complains. ·         I take the minimum system requirements and add 50% more. ·         I go with the recommendations provided by my software vendor.   In reality correctly sizing a virtual machine requires significant effort to monitor the memory usage of the applications. Since this is not done in most environments, VMs are usually over-provisioned in terms of memory. In other words, a SQL Server VM that is assigned 4 GB of memory may not need to use 4 GB.   How does Dynamic Memory help?   Dynamic Memory improves the memory utilization by removing the requirement to determine the memory need for an application. Hyper-V determines the memory needed by applications in the VM by evaluating the memory usage information in the guest with Dynamic Memory. VMs can start with a small amount of memory and they can be assigned more memory dynamically based on the workload of applications running inside.   Overview of Dynamic Memory Concepts   ·         Startup Memory: Startup Memory is the starting amount of memory when Dynamic Memory is enabled for a VM. Dynamic Memory will make sure that this amount of memory is always assigned to the VMs by default.   ·         Maximum Memory: Maximum Memory specifies the maximum amount of memory that a VM can grow to with Dynamic Memory. ·         Memory Demand: Memory Demand is the amount determined by Dynamic Memory as the memory needed by the applications in the VM. In Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, this is equal to the total amount of committed memory of the VM. ·         Memory Buffer: Memory Buffer is the amount of memory assigned to the VMs in addition to their memory demand to satisfy immediate memory requirements and file cache needs.   Once Dynamic Memory is enabled for a VM, it will start with the “Startup Memory”. After the boot process Dynamic Memory will determine the “Memory Demand” of the VM. Based on this memory demand it will determine the amount of “Memory Buffer” that needs to be assigned to the VM. Dynamic Memory will assign the total of “Memory Demand” and “Memory Buffer” to the VM as long as this value is less than “Maximum Memory” and as long as physical memory is available on the host.   What happens when there is not enough physical memory available on the host?   Once there is not enough physical memory on the host to satisfy VM needs, Dynamic Memory will assign less than needed amount of memory to the VMs based on their importance. A concept known as “Memory Weight” is used to determine how much VMs should be penalized based on their needed amount of memory. “Memory Weight” is a configuration setting on the VM. It can be configured to be higher for the VMs with high performance requirements. Under high memory pressure on the host, the “Memory Weight” of the VMs are evaluated in a relative manner and the VMs with lower relative “Memory Weight” will be penalized more than the ones with higher “Memory Weight”.   Dynamic Memory Configuration   Based on these concepts “Startup Memory”, “Maximum Memory”, “Memory Buffer” and “Memory Weight” can be configured as shown below in Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 Hyper-V Manager. Memory Demand is automatically calculated by Dynamic Memory once VMs start running.     Dynamic Memory Monitoring    In Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Hyper-V Manager displays the memory status of VMs in the following three columns:         ·         Assigned Memory represents the current physical memory assigned to the VM. In regular conditions this will be equal to the sum of “Memory Demand” and “Memory Buffer” assigned to the VM. When there is not enough memory on the host, this value can go below the Memory Demand determined for the VM. ·         Memory Demand displays the current “Memory Demand” determined for the VM. ·         Memory Status displays the current memory status of the VM. This column can represent three values for a VM: o   OK: In this condition the VM is assigned the total of Memory Demand and Memory Buffer it needs. o   Low: In this condition the VM is assigned all the Memory Demand and a certain percentage of the Memory Buffer it needs. o   Warning: In this condition the VM is assigned a lower memory than its Memory Demand. When VMs are running in this condition, it’s likely that they will exhibit performance problems due to internal paging happening in the VM.    So far so good! But how does it work with SQL Server?   SQL Server is aggressive in terms of memory usage for good reasons. This raises the question: How do SQL Server and Dynamic Memory work together? To understand the full story, we’ll first need to understand how SQL Server Memory Management works. This will be covered in our second post in “SQL and Dynamic Memory” series. Meanwhile if you want to dive deeper into Dynamic Memory you can check the below posts from the Windows Virtualization Team Blog:   http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/archive/2010/03/18/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/archive/2010/03/25/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-2.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/archive/2010/04/07/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-3.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/b/virtualization/archive/2010/04/21/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-4.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/b/virtualization/archive/2010/05/20/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-5.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/b/virtualization/archive/2010/07/12/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-6.aspx   - Serdar Sutay   Originally posted at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlosteam/

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• SQL Server and Hyper-V Dynamic Memory - Part 1

  - by SQLOS Team

  SQL and Dynamic Memory Blog Post Series   Hyper-V Dynamic Memory is a new feature in Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 that allows the memory assigned to guest virtual machines to vary according to demand. Using this feature with SQL Server is supported, but how well does it work in an environment where available memory can vary dynamically, especially since SQL Server likes memory, and is not very eager to let go of it? The next three posts will look at this question in detail. In Part 1 Serdar Sutay, a program manager in the Windows Hyper-V team, introduces Dynamic Memory with an overview of the basic architecture, configuration and monitoring concepts. In subsequent parts we will look at SQL Server memory handling, and develop some guidelines on using SQL Server with Dynamic Memory.   Part 1: Dynamic Memory Introduction   In virtualized environments memory is often the bottleneck for reaching higher VM densities. In Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 Hyper-V introduced a new feature “Dynamic Memory” to improve VM densities on Hyper-V hosts. Dynamic Memory increases the memory utilization in virtualized environments by enabling VM memory to be changed dynamically when the VM is running.   This brings up the question of how to utilize this feature with SQL Server VMs as SQL Server performance is very sensitive to the memory being used. In the next three posts we’ll discuss the internals of Dynamic Memory, SQL Server Memory Management and how to use Dynamic Memory with SQL Server VMs.   Memory Utilization Efficiency in Virtualized Environments   The primary reason memory is usually the bottleneck for higher VM densities is that users tend to be generous when assigning memory to their VMs. Here are some memory sizing practices we’ve heard from customers:   ·         I assign 4 GB of memory to my VMs. I don’t know if all of it is being used by the applications but no one complains. ·         I take the minimum system requirements and add 50% more. ·         I go with the recommendations provided by my software vendor.   In reality correctly sizing a virtual machine requires significant effort to monitor the memory usage of the applications. Since this is not done in most environments, VMs are usually over-provisioned in terms of memory. In other words, a SQL Server VM that is assigned 4 GB of memory may not need to use 4 GB.   How does Dynamic Memory help?   Dynamic Memory improves the memory utilization by removing the requirement to determine the memory need for an application. Hyper-V determines the memory needed by applications in the VM by evaluating the memory usage information in the guest with Dynamic Memory. VMs can start with a small amount of memory and they can be assigned more memory dynamically based on the workload of applications running inside.   Overview of Dynamic Memory Concepts   ·         Startup Memory: Startup Memory is the starting amount of memory when Dynamic Memory is enabled for a VM. Dynamic Memory will make sure that this amount of memory is always assigned to the VMs by default.   ·         Maximum Memory: Maximum Memory specifies the maximum amount of memory that a VM can grow to with Dynamic Memory. ·         Memory Demand: Memory Demand is the amount determined by Dynamic Memory as the memory needed by the applications in the VM. In Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, this is equal to the total amount of committed memory of the VM. ·         Memory Buffer: Memory Buffer is the amount of memory assigned to the VMs in addition to their memory demand to satisfy immediate memory requirements and file cache needs.   Once Dynamic Memory is enabled for a VM, it will start with the “Startup Memory”. After the boot process Dynamic Memory will determine the “Memory Demand” of the VM. Based on this memory demand it will determine the amount of “Memory Buffer” that needs to be assigned to the VM. Dynamic Memory will assign the total of “Memory Demand” and “Memory Buffer” to the VM as long as this value is less than “Maximum Memory” and as long as physical memory is available on the host.   What happens when there is not enough physical memory available on the host?   Once there is not enough physical memory on the host to satisfy VM needs, Dynamic Memory will assign less than needed amount of memory to the VMs based on their importance. A concept known as “Memory Weight” is used to determine how much VMs should be penalized based on their needed amount of memory. “Memory Weight” is a configuration setting on the VM. It can be configured to be higher for the VMs with high performance requirements. Under high memory pressure on the host, the “Memory Weight” of the VMs are evaluated in a relative manner and the VMs with lower relative “Memory Weight” will be penalized more than the ones with higher “Memory Weight”.   Dynamic Memory Configuration   Based on these concepts “Startup Memory”, “Maximum Memory”, “Memory Buffer” and “Memory Weight” can be configured as shown below in Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 Hyper-V Manager. Memory Demand is automatically calculated by Dynamic Memory once VMs start running.     Dynamic Memory Monitoring    In Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Hyper-V Manager displays the memory status of VMs in the following three columns:         ·         Assigned Memory represents the current physical memory assigned to the VM. In regular conditions this will be equal to the sum of “Memory Demand” and “Memory Buffer” assigned to the VM. When there is not enough memory on the host, this value can go below the Memory Demand determined for the VM. ·         Memory Demand displays the current “Memory Demand” determined for the VM. ·         Memory Status displays the current memory status of the VM. This column can represent three values for a VM: o   OK: In this condition the VM is assigned the total of Memory Demand and Memory Buffer it needs. o   Low: In this condition the VM is assigned all the Memory Demand and a certain percentage of the Memory Buffer it needs. o   Warning: In this condition the VM is assigned a lower memory than its Memory Demand. When VMs are running in this condition, it’s likely that they will exhibit performance problems due to internal paging happening in the VM.    So far so good! But how does it work with SQL Server?   SQL Server is aggressive in terms of memory usage for good reasons. This raises the question: How do SQL Server and Dynamic Memory work together? To understand the full story, we’ll first need to understand how SQL Server Memory Management works. This will be covered in our second post in “SQL and Dynamic Memory” series. Meanwhile if you want to dive deeper into Dynamic Memory you can check the below posts from the Windows Virtualization Team Blog:   http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/archive/2010/03/18/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/archive/2010/03/25/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-2.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/archive/2010/04/07/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-3.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/b/virtualization/archive/2010/04/21/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-4.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/b/virtualization/archive/2010/05/20/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-5.aspx   http://blogs.technet.com/b/virtualization/archive/2010/07/12/dynamic-memory-coming-to-hyper-v-part-6.aspx   - Serdar Sutay   Originally posted at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlosteam/

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• SQL SERVER – Guest Post – Jonathan Kehayias – Wait Type – Day 16 of 28

  - by pinaldave

  Jonathan Kehayias (Blog | Twitter) is a MCITP Database Administrator and Developer, who got started in SQL Server in 2004 as a database developer and report writer in the natural gas industry. After spending two and a half years working in TSQL, in late 2006, he transitioned to the role of SQL Database Administrator. His primary passion is performance tuning, where he frequently rewrites queries for better performance and performs in depth analysis of index implementation and usage. Jonathan blogs regularly on SQLBlog, and was a coauthor of Professional SQL Server 2008 Internals and Troubleshooting. On a personal note, I think Jonathan is extremely positive person. In every conversation with him I have found that he is always eager to help and encourage. Every time he finds something needs to be approved, he has contacted me without hesitation and guided me to improve, change and learn. During all the time, he has not lost his focus to help larger community. I am honored that he has accepted to provide his views on complex subject of Wait Types and Queues. Currently I am reading his series on Extended Events. Here is the guest blog post by Jonathan: SQL Server troubleshooting is all about correlating related pieces of information together to indentify where exactly the root cause of a problem lies. In my daily work as a DBA, I generally get phone calls like, “So and so application is slow, what’s wrong with the SQL Server.” One of the funny things about the letters DBA is that they go so well with Default Blame Acceptor, and I really wish that I knew exactly who the first person was that pointed that out to me, because it really fits at times. A lot of times when I get this call, the problem isn’t related to SQL Server at all, but every now and then in my initial quick checks, something pops up that makes me start looking at things further. The SQL Server is slow, we see a number of tasks waiting on ASYNC_IO_COMPLETION, IO_COMPLETION, or PAGEIOLATCH_* waits in sys.dm_exec_requests and sys.dm_exec_waiting_tasks. These are also some of the highest wait types in sys.dm_os_wait_stats for the server, so it would appear that we have a disk I/O bottleneck on the machine. A quick check of sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats() and tempdb shows a high write stall rate, while our user databases show high read stall rates on the data files. A quick check of some performance counters and Page Life Expectancy on the server is bouncing up and down in the 50-150 range, the Free Page counter consistently hits zero, and the Free List Stalls/sec counter keeps jumping over 10, but Buffer Cache Hit Ratio is 98-99%. Where exactly is the problem? In this case, which happens to be based on a real scenario I faced a few years back, the problem may not be a disk bottleneck at all; it may very well be a memory pressure issue on the server. A quick check of the system spec’s and it is a dual duo core server with 8GB RAM running SQL Server 2005 SP1 x64 on Windows Server 2003 R2 x64. Max Server memory is configured at 6GB and we think that this should be enough to handle the workload; or is it? This is a unique scenario because there are a couple of things happening inside of this system, and they all relate to what the root cause of the performance problem is on the system. If we were to query sys.dm_exec_query_stats for the TOP 10 queries, by max_physical_reads, max_logical_reads, and max_worker_time, we may be able to find some queries that were using excessive I/O and possibly CPU against the system in their worst single execution. We can also CROSS APPLY to sys.dm_exec_sql_text() and see the statement text, and also CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan() to get the execution plan stored in cache. Ok, quick check, the plans are pretty big, I see some large index seeks, that estimate 2.8GB of data movement between operators, but everything looks like it is optimized the best it can be. Nothing really stands out in the code, and the indexing looks correct, and I should have enough memory to handle this in cache, so it must be a disk I/O problem right? Not exactly! If we were to look at how much memory the plan cache is taking by querying sys.dm_os_memory_clerks for the CACHESTORE_SQLCP and CACHESTORE_OBJCP clerks we might be surprised at what we find. In SQL Server 2005 RTM and SP1, the plan cache was allowed to take up to 75% of the memory under 8GB. I’ll give you a second to go back and read that again. Yes, you read it correctly, it says 75% of the memory under 8GB, but you don’t have to take my word for it, you can validate this by reading Changes in Caching Behavior between SQL Server 2000, SQL Server 2005 RTM and SQL Server 2005 SP2. In this scenario the application uses an entirely adhoc workload against SQL Server and this leads to plan cache bloat, and up to 4.5GB of our 6GB of memory for SQL can be consumed by the plan cache in SQL Server 2005 SP1. This in turn reduces the size of the buffer cache to just 1.5GB, causing our 2.8GB of data movement in this expensive plan to cause complete flushing of the buffer cache, not just once initially, but then another time during the queries execution, resulting in excessive physical I/O from disk. Keep in mind that this is not the only query executing at the time this occurs. Remember the output of sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats() showed high read stalls on the data files for our user databases versus higher write stalls for tempdb? The memory pressure is also forcing heavier use of tempdb to handle sorting and hashing in the environment as well. The real clue here is the Memory counters for the instance; Page Life Expectancy, Free List Pages, and Free List Stalls/sec. The fact that Page Life Expectancy is fluctuating between 50 and 150 constantly is a sign that the buffer cache is experiencing constant churn of data, once every minute to two and a half minutes. If you add to the Page Life Expectancy counter, the consistent bottoming out of Free List Pages along with Free List Stalls/sec consistently spiking over 10, and you have the perfect memory pressure scenario. All of sudden it may not be that our disk subsystem is the problem, but is instead an innocent bystander and victim. Side Note: The Page Life Expectancy counter dropping briefly and then returning to normal operating values intermittently is not necessarily a sign that the server is under memory pressure. The Books Online and a number of other references will tell you that this counter should remain on average above 300 which is the time in seconds a page will remain in cache before being flushed or aged out. This number, which equates to just five minutes, is incredibly low for modern systems and most published documents pre-date the predominance of 64 bit computing and easy availability to larger amounts of memory in SQL Servers. As food for thought, consider that my personal laptop has more memory in it than most SQL Servers did at the time those numbers were posted. I would argue that today, a system churning the buffer cache every five minutes is in need of some serious tuning or a hardware upgrade. Back to our problem and its investigation: There are two things really wrong with this server; first the plan cache is excessively consuming memory and bloated in size and we need to look at that and second we need to evaluate upgrading the memory to accommodate the workload being performed. In the case of the server I was working on there were a lot of single use plans found in sys.dm_exec_cached_plans (where usecounts=1). Single use plans waste space in the plan cache, especially when they are adhoc plans for statements that had concatenated filter criteria that is not likely to reoccur with any frequency.  SQL Server 2005 doesn’t natively have a way to evict a single plan from cache like SQL Server 2008 does, but MVP Kalen Delaney, showed a hack to evict a single plan by creating a plan guide for the statement and then dropping that plan guide in her blog post Geek City: Clearing a Single Plan from Cache. We could put that hack in place in a job to automate cleaning out all the single use plans periodically, minimizing the size of the plan cache, but a better solution would be to fix the application so that it uses proper parameterized calls to the database. You didn’t write the app, and you can’t change its design? Ok, well you could try to force parameterization to occur by creating and keeping plan guides in place, or we can try forcing parameterization at the database level by using ALTER DATABASE <dbname> SET PARAMETERIZATION FORCED and that might help. If neither of these help, we could periodically dump the plan cache for that database, as discussed as being a problem in Kalen’s blog post referenced above; not an ideal scenario. The other option is to increase the memory on the server to 16GB or 32GB, if the hardware allows it, which will increase the size of the plan cache as well as the buffer cache. In SQL Server 2005 SP1, on a system with 16GB of memory, if we set max server memory to 14GB the plan cache could use at most 9GB  [(8GB*.75)+(6GB*.5)=(6+3)=9GB], leaving 5GB for the buffer cache.  If we went to 32GB of memory and set max server memory to 28GB, the plan cache could use at most 16GB [(8*.75)+(20*.5)=(6+10)=16GB], leaving 12GB for the buffer cache. Thankfully we have SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 2, 3, and 4 these days which include the changes in plan cache sizing discussed in the Changes to Caching Behavior between SQL Server 2000, SQL Server 2005 RTM and SQL Server 2005 SP2 blog post. In real life, when I was troubleshooting this problem, I spent a week trying to chase down the cause of the disk I/O bottleneck with our Server Admin and SAN Admin, and there wasn’t much that could be done immediately there, so I finally asked if we could increase the memory on the server to 16GB, which did fix the problem. It wasn’t until I had this same problem occur on another system that I actually figured out how to really troubleshoot this down to the root cause.  I couldn’t believe the size of the plan cache on the server with 16GB of memory when I actually learned about this and went back to look at it. SQL Server is constantly telling a story to anyone that will listen. As the DBA, you have to sit back and listen to all that it’s telling you and then evaluate the big picture and how all the data you can gather from SQL about performance relate to each other. One of the greatest tools out there is actually a free in the form of Diagnostic Scripts for SQL Server 2005 and 2008, created by MVP Glenn Alan Berry. Glenn’s scripts collect a majority of the information that SQL has to offer for rapid troubleshooting of problems, and he includes a lot of notes about what the outputs of each individual query might be telling you. When I read Pinal’s blog post SQL SERVER – ASYNC_IO_COMPLETION – Wait Type – Day 11 of 28, I noticed that he referenced Checking Memory Related Performance Counters in his post, but there was no real explanation about why checking memory counters is so important when looking at an I/O related wait type. I thought I’d chat with him briefly on Google Talk/Twitter DM and point this out, and offer a couple of other points I noted, so that he could add the information to his blog post if he found it useful.  Instead he asked that I write a guest blog for this. I am honored to be a guest blogger, and to be able to share this kind of information with the community. The information contained in this blog post is a glimpse at how I do troubleshooting almost every day of the week in my own environment. SQL Server provides us with a lot of information about how it is running, and where it may be having problems, it is up to us to play detective and find out how all that information comes together to tell us what’s really the problem. This blog post is written by Jonathan Kehayias (Blog | Twitter). Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: MVP, Pinal Dave, PostADay, Readers Contribution, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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• 550 “Overwrite permission denied” when editing a file via FTP

  - by nodebunny

  DreamHost recently moved my accounts to a new shared box, and now I can't edit files via UltraEdit's built in FTP client, which messes up my work flow! What did they do that this is not working now? It stopped working after they moved me. Here's the output from the FTP console in UltraEdit 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: 220 DreamHost FTP Server 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: USER nodebunny 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: 331 Password required for ninjawww 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: PASS xxxxxxxx 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: 230 User nodebunny logged in 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: FEAT 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: 211-Features: LANG ja-JP.UTF-8;ja-JP;zh-TW;fr-FR;zh-CN;en-US*;bg-BG;ko-KR.UTF-8;ko-KR MDTM MFMT TVFS UTF8 MFF modify;UNIX.group;UNIX.mode; MLST modify*;perm*;size*;type*;unique*;UNIX.group*;UNIX.mode*;UNIX.owner*; REST STREAM SIZE 211 End 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: OPTS UTF8 ON 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: 200 UTF8 set to on 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: PWD 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: 257 "/" is the current directory 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: PWD 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: 257 "/" is the current directory 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: CWD /dev/proj/nodebunny 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: 250 CWD command successful 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: PWD 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: 257 "/dev/proj/nodebunny/lib/Buffer" is the current directory 10/26/2011 10:42:36 AM: PWD 10/26/2011 10:42:37 AM: 257 "/dev/proj/nodebunny/lib/Buffer" is the current directory 10/26/2011 10:42:37 AM: TYPE I 10/26/2011 10:42:37 AM: 200 Type set to I 10/26/2011 10:42:37 AM: PORT 10,15,55,125,226,16 10/26/2011 10:42:37 AM: 200 PORT command successful 10/26/2011 10:42:37 AM: STOR Buffer.pm 10/26/2011 10:42:37 AM: 550 Buffer.pm: Overwrite permission denied

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• Rendering with Direct3D

  - by Jamie

  Hi, I'm slightly confused about how Direct3D rendering works. Basically, as long as I render to one surface, everything is fine. But when I try rendering to multiple surfaces, it seems like everything is still rendered to one surface. I think there's something wrong with my calls. For each update cycle this is what I do 1. device-BeginScene() 2. sprite-Begin(...) ... A bunch of GetRenderTarget to store the old render target, then SetRenderTarget to set a new surface, and then things like CreateVertexBuffer, SetTexture, etc to draw on the new render target. Then resetting to the old render target. sprite-Draw([the back buffer]) (the back buffer is actually another surface, not the actual back buffer. But here it is being drawn onto the actual back buffer, I think) sprite-End() device-EndScene() device-Present(...) Also, it seems like if I mix sprite drawing and non-sprite drawing onto a surface, that first one set of render commands is executed and then the other set, rather than in order by when each command was called. If anyone could shed light on any of this, it would be much appreciated.

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• JavaCV IplImage to LWJGL Texture

  - by rendrag

  As a side project I've been attempting to make a dynamic display (for example a screen within a game) that shows images from my webcam. I've been messing around with JavaCV and LWJGL for the past few months and have a basic understanding of how they both work. I found this after scouring google, but I get an error that the ByteBuffer isn't big enough. IplImage img = cam.getFrame(); ByteBuffer buffer = img.asByteBuffer(); int textureID = glGenTextures(); //Generate texture ID glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID); //Bind texture ID //I don't know how much of the following is necessary //Setup wrap mode glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL12.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL12.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); //Setup texture scaling filtering glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); //Send texture data to OpenGL - this is the line that actually does stuff and that OpenGL has a problem with glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL12.GL_BGR, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer); That last line throws this- Exception in thread "Thread-0" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Number of remaining buffer elements is 144, must be at least 921600. Because at most 921600 elements can be returned, a buffer with at least 921600 elements is required, regardless of actual returned element count at org.lwjgl.BufferChecks.throwBufferSizeException(BufferChecks.java:162) at org.lwjgl.BufferChecks.checkBufferSize(BufferChecks.java:189) at org.lwjgl.BufferChecks.checkBuffer(BufferChecks.java:230) at org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11.glTexImage2D(GL11.java:2845) at tests.TextureTest.getTexture(TextureTest.java:78) at tests.TextureTest.update(TextureTest.java:43) at lib.game.AbstractGame$1.run(AbstractGame.java:52) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:679)

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• Perl - can't flush STDOUT or STDERR

  - by Jim Salter

  Perl 5.14 from stock Ubuntu Precise repos. Trying to write a simple wrapper to monitor progress on copying from one stream to another: use IO::Handle; while ($bufsize = read (SOURCE, $buffer, 1048576)) { STDERR->printflush ("Transferred $xferred of $sendsize bytes\n"); $xferred += $bufsize; print TARGET $buffer; } This does not perform as expected (writing a line each time the 1M buffer is read). I end up seeing the first line (with a blank value of $xferred), and then the 7th and 8th lines (on an 8MB transfer). Been pounding my brains out on this for hours - I've read the perldocs, I've read the classic "Suffering from Buffering" article, I've tried everything from select and $|++ to IO::Handle to binmode (STDERR, "::unix") to you name it. I've also tried flushing TARGET with each line using IO::Handle (TARGET-flush). No dice. Has anybody else ever encountered this? I don't have any ideas left. Sleeping one second "fixes" the problem, but obviously I don't want to sleep a second every time I read a buffer just so my progress will output on the screen! FWIW, the problem is exactly the same whether I'm outputting to STDERR or STDOUT.

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• How to create per-vertex normals when reusing vertex data?

  - by Chris Smith

  I am displaying a cube using a vertex buffer object (gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER). This allows me to specify vertex indicies, rather than having duplicate vertexes. In the case of displaying a simple cube, this means I only need to have eight vertices total. Opposed to needing three vertices per triangle, times two triangles per face, times six faces. Sound correct so far? My question is, how do I now deal with vertex attribute data such as color, texture coordinates, and normals when reusing vertices using the vertex buffer object? If I am reusing the same vertex data in my indexed vertex buffer, how can I differentiate when vertex X is used as part of the cube's front face versus the cube's left face? In both cases I would like the surface normal and texture coordinates to be different. I understand I could average the surface normal, however I would like to render a cube. Also, this still doesn't work for texture coordinates. Is there a way to save memory using a vertex buffer object while being able to provide different vertex attribute data based on context? (Per-triangle would be idea.) Or should I just duplicate each vertex for each context in which it gets rendered. (So there is a one-to-one mapping between vertex, normal, color, etc.) Note: I'm using OpenGL ES.

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• Netcat I/O enhancements

  - by user13277689

  When Netcat integrated into OpenSolaris it was already clear that there will be couple of enhancements needed. The biggest set of the changes made after Solaris 11 Express was released brings various I/O enhancements to netcat shipped with Solaris 11. Also, since Solaris 11, the netcat package is installed by default in all distribution forms (live CD, text install, ...). Now, let's take a look at the new functionality: /usr/bin/netcat alternative program name (symlink) -b bufsize I/O buffer size -E use exclusive bind for the listening socket -e program program to execute -F no network close upon EOF on stdin -i timeout extension of timeout specification -L timeout linger on close timeout -l -p port addr previously not allowed usage -m byte_count Quit after receiving byte_count bytes -N file pattern for UDP scanning -I bufsize size of input socket buffer -O bufsize size of output socket buffer -R redir_spec port redirection addr/port[/{tcp,udp}] syntax of redir_spec -Z bypass zone boundaries -q timeout timeout after EOF on stdin Obviously, the Swiss army knife of networking tools just got a bit thicker. While by themselves the options are pretty self explanatory, their combination together with other options, context of use or boundary values of option arguments make it possible to construct small but powerful tools. For example: the port redirector allows to convert TCP stream to UDP datagrams. the buffer size specification makes it possible to send one byte TCP segments or to produce IP fragments easily. the socket linger option can be used to produce TCP RST segments by setting the timeout to 0 execute option makes it possible to simulate TCP/UDP servers or clients with shell/python/Perl/whatever script etc. If you find some other helpful ways use please share via comments. Manual page nc(1) contains more details, along with examples on how to use some of these new options.

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• What is UVIndex and how do I use it on OpenGL?

  - by Delta

  I am a noob in OpenGL ES 2.0 (for WebGL) and I'm trying to draw a simple model I've made with a 3D tool and exported to .fbx format. I've been able to draw some models that only have: A vertex buffer, a index buffer for the vertices, a normal buffer and a texture coordinate buffer, but this model now has a "UVIndex" and I'm not sure where am I supposed to put this UVIndex. My code looks like this: GL.bindBuffer(GL.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.Model.House.VertexBuffer); GL.vertexAttribPointer(this.Shader.TextureAndLighting.Attribute["vPosition"],3,GL.FLOAT, false, 0, 0); GL.bindBuffer(GL.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.Model.House.NormalBuffer); GL.vertexAttribPointer(this.Shader.TextureAndLighting.Attribute["vNormal"], 3, GL.FLOAT, false, 0, 0); GL.bindBuffer(GL.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.Model.House.TexCoordBuffer); GL.vertexAttribPointer(this.Shader.TextureAndLighting.Attribute["TexCoord"], 2, GL.FLOAT, false, 0, 0); GL.bindBuffer(GL.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, this.Model.House.IndexBuffer); GL.bindTexture(GL.TEXTURE_2D, this.Texture.HTex1); GL.activeTexture(GL.TEXTURE0); GL.drawElements(GL.TRIANGLES, this.Model.House.IndexBuffer.Length, GL.UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); But my model renders totally incorrect and I think it has to do with the fact that I am ignoring this "UVIndex" in the .fbx file, since I've never drawn any model that uses this UVIndex I really have no clue on what to do with it. This is the json file containing the model's data: http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=G294TVmz

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• What calls trigger a new batch?

  - by sebf

  I am finding my project is starting to show performance degradation and I need to optimize it. The answer to my previous question and this presentation from NVidia have helped greatly in understanding the performance characteristics of code using the GPU but there are a couple of things that aren't clear that I need to know to optimize my drawing. Specifically, what calls make the distinction between batches. I know that any state changes cause a new batch, so that includes: Render State Changes Buffer Changes Shader Changes Render Target Changes Correct? What else counts as a 'state change'? Does each Draw**Primitive() call constitute a new batch? Even if I were to issue the same call twice, with no state changes, or call it once on on part of the buffer, then again on another? If I were to update a buffer, but not change the bindings, would that be a new batch? That presentation and a DX9 page suggest using all of the texture slots available, which I take to mean loading multiple objects in 'parallel' by mapping their buffers/shaders/textures to slots 1-16. But I am not sure how this works - surely to do this you would need to change the buffer binding and that would count as a state change? (or is it a case of you do but it saves 16 calls so its OK?)

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• Emacs stops taking input when a file has changed on disk [migrated]

  - by recf

  I'm using Emacs v24.3.1 on Windows 8. I had a file change on disk while I had an Emacs buffer open with that file. As soon as I attempt to make a change to the buffer, a message appears in the minibuffer. Fileblah.txt changed on disk; really edit the buffer? (y, n, r or C-h) I would expect to be able to hit r to have it reload the disk version of the file, but nothing happens. Emacs completely stops responding to input. None of the listed keys work, nor do any other keys as far as I can tell. I can't C-g out of the minibuffer. Alt-F4 doesn't work, not does Close window from the task bar. I have to kill the process from task manager. Anyone have any idea what I'm doing wrong here? In cases it's various modes not playing nice with each other, for reference, my init.el is here. Nothing complex. Here's the breakdown: better-defaults (ido-mode, remove menu-bar, uniquify buffer `forward, saveplace) recentf-mode custom frame title visual-line-mode require final newline and delete trailing whitespace on save Markdown mode with auto-mode-alist Flyspell with Aspell backend Powershell mode with auto-mode-alist Ruby auto-mode-alist Puppet mode with auto-mode-alist Feature (Gherkin) mode with auto-mode-alist The specific file was a markdown file with Github-flavored Markdown mode and Flyspell mode enabled.

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• MySQL Config File for Large System

  - by Jonathon

  We are running MySQL on a Windows 2003 Server Enterpise Edition box. MySQL is about the only program running on the box. We have approx. 8 slaves replicated to it, but my understanding is that having multiple slaves connecting to the same master does not significantly slow down performance, if at all. The master server has 16G RAM, 10 Terabyte drives in RAID 10, and four dual-core processors. From what I have seen from other sites, we have a really robust machine as our master db server. We just upgraded from a machine with only 4G RAM, but with similar hard drives, RAID, etc. It also ran Apache on it, so it was our db server and our application server. It was getting a little slow, so we split the db server onto this new machine and kept the application server on the first machine. We also distributed the application load amongst a few of our other slave servers, which also run the application. The problem is the new db server has mysqld.exe consuming 95-100% of CPU almost all the time and is really causing the app to run slowly. I know we have several queries and table structures that could be better optimized, but since they worked okay on the older, smaller server, I assume that our my.ini (MySQL config) file is not properly configured. Most of what I see on the net is for setting config files on small machines, so can anyone help me get the my.ini file correct for a large dedicated machine like ours? I just don't see how mysqld could get so bogged down! FYI: We have about 100 queries per second. We only use MyISAM tables, so skip-innodb is set in the ini file. And yes, I know it is reading the ini file correctly because I can change some settings (like the server-id and it will kill the server at startup). Here is the my.ini file: #MySQL Server Instance Configuration File # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard # # # Installation Instructions # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # # On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options, # mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options # (@localstatedir@ for this installation) or to # ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options. # # On Windows you should keep this file in the installation directory # of your server (e.g. C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y). To # make sure the server reads the config file use the startup option # "--defaults-file". # # To run run the server from the command line, execute this in a # command line shell, e.g. # mysqld --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini" # # To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a # command line shell, e.g. # mysqld --install MySQLXY --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini" # # And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g. # net start MySQLXY # # # Guildlines for editing this file # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # # In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports. # If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program # with the "--help" option. # # More detailed information about the individual options can also be # found in the manual. # # # CLIENT SECTION # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # # The following options will be read by MySQL client applications. # Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed # to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to # honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the # MySQL client library initialization. # [client] port=3306 [mysql] default-character-set=latin1 # SERVER SECTION # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # # The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that # you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this # file. # [mysqld] # The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on port=3306 #Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this. basedir="D:/MySQL/" #Path to the database root datadir="D:/MySQL/data" # The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is # created and no character set is defined default-character-set=latin1 # The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when default-storage-engine=MYISAM # Set the SQL mode to strict #sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION" # we changed this because there are a couple of queries that can get blocked otherwise sql-mode="" #performance configs skip-locking max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 512 # The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will # allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with # SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the # connection limit has been reached. max_connections=1510 # Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them # without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query # cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your # have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the # "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value # is high enough for your load. # Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are # textually different every time, the query cache may result in a # slowdown instead of a performance improvement. query_cache_size=168M # The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value # increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires. # Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files # allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in # section [mysqld_safe] table_cache=3020 # Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table # grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk # based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many # of them. tmp_table_size=30M # How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client # disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't # more than thread_cache_size threads from before. This greatly reduces # the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new # connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance # improvement if you have a good thread implementation.) thread_cache_size=64 #*** MyISAM Specific options # The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while # recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE. # If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created # through the key cache (which is slower). myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G # If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger # than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the # key cache method. This is mainly used to force long character keys in # large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index. myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M # Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables. # Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory # is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using # MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be # used for internal temporary disk tables. key_buffer_size=3072M # Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables. # Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed. read_buffer_size=2M read_rnd_buffer_size=8M # This buffer is allocated when MySQL needs to rebuild the index in # REPAIR, OPTIMZE, ALTER table statements as well as in LOAD DATA INFILE # into an empty table. It is allocated per thread so be careful with # large settings. sort_buffer_size=2M #*** INNODB Specific options *** innodb_data_home_dir="D:/MySQL InnoDB Datafiles/" # Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled # but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space # and speed up some things. skip-innodb # Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata # information. If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will # start to allocate it from the OS. As this is fast enough on most # recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this # value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used. innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=11M # If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the # disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are # willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small # transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the # logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and # the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2 # means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log # file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second. innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 # The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as # it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed # once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large # (even with long transactions). innodb_log_buffer_size=6M # InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and # row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to # access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this # parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it # too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may # cause paging in the operating system. Note that on 32bit systems you # might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not # set it too high. innodb_buffer_pool_size=500M # Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size # of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid # unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However, # note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the # recovery process. innodb_log_file_size=100M # Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value # depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS # scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing. innodb_thread_concurrency=10 #replication settings (this is the master) log-bin=log server-id = 1 Thanks for all the help. It is greatly appreciated.

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• How to find/replace text in html while preserving html tags/structure

  - by vbfoobar

  I use regexps to transform text as I want, but I want to preserve the HTML tags. e.g. if I want to replace "stack overflow" with "stack underflow", this should work as expected: if the input is stack <sometag>overflow</sometag>, I must obtain stack <sometag>underflow</sometag> (i.e. the string substitution is done, but the tags are still there...

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• gdb print won't print out something readable from my char array

  - by hatorade

  i have a char buffer[100] and i'm trying to use gdb to read the contents out of it at various stages of runtime. i use p buffer and i get "/*\000\000\000\000\000\000????X?o\000\025\202\004\b", '\0' <repeats 12 times>, ".N=?", '\0' <repeats 24 times>, "`\203\004\b\000\000\000\000L\227\004\bX????\202\004\b?\017\204\000\f?\203\000\210???i\205\004\b??r" how do i get p to convert it into a readable format???

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• Python Ctypes Read/WriteProcessMemory() - Error 5/998 Help!

  - by user299805

  Please don't get scared but the following code, if you are familiar with ctypes or C it should be easy to read. I have been trying to get my ReadProcessMemory() and WriteProcessMemory() functions to be working for so long and have tried almost every possibility but the right one. It launches the target program, returns its PID and handle just fine. But I always get a error code of 5 - ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED. When I run the read function(forget the write for now). I am launching this program as what I believe to be a CHILD process with PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS or CREATE_PRESERVE_CODE_AUTHZ_LEVEL. I have also tried PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS and PROCESS_VM_READ when I open the handle. I can also say that it is a valid memory location because I can find it on the running program with CheatEngine. As for VirtualQuery() I get an error code of 998 - ERROR_NOACCESS which further confirms my suspicion of it being some security/privilege problem. Any help or ideas would be very appreciated, again, it's my whole program so far, don't let it scare you =P. from ctypes import * from ctypes.wintypes import BOOL import binascii BYTE = c_ubyte WORD = c_ushort DWORD = c_ulong LPBYTE = POINTER(c_ubyte) LPTSTR = POINTER(c_char) HANDLE = c_void_p PVOID = c_void_p LPVOID = c_void_p UNIT_PTR = c_ulong SIZE_T = c_ulong class STARTUPINFO(Structure): _fields_ = [("cb", DWORD), ("lpReserved", LPTSTR), ("lpDesktop", LPTSTR), ("lpTitle", LPTSTR), ("dwX", DWORD), ("dwY", DWORD), ("dwXSize", DWORD), ("dwYSize", DWORD), ("dwXCountChars", DWORD), ("dwYCountChars", DWORD), ("dwFillAttribute",DWORD), ("dwFlags", DWORD), ("wShowWindow", WORD), ("cbReserved2", WORD), ("lpReserved2", LPBYTE), ("hStdInput", HANDLE), ("hStdOutput", HANDLE), ("hStdError", HANDLE),] class PROCESS_INFORMATION(Structure): _fields_ = [("hProcess", HANDLE), ("hThread", HANDLE), ("dwProcessId", DWORD), ("dwThreadId", DWORD),] class MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION(Structure): _fields_ = [("BaseAddress", PVOID), ("AllocationBase", PVOID), ("AllocationProtect", DWORD), ("RegionSize", SIZE_T), ("State", DWORD), ("Protect", DWORD), ("Type", DWORD),] class SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES(Structure): _fields_ = [("Length", DWORD), ("SecDescriptor", LPVOID), ("InheritHandle", BOOL)] class Main(): def __init__(self): self.h_process = None self.pid = None def launch(self, path_to_exe): CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE = 0x00000010 CREATE_PRESERVE_CODE_AUTHZ_LEVEL = 0x02000000 startupinfo = STARTUPINFO() process_information = PROCESS_INFORMATION() security_attributes = SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES() startupinfo.dwFlags = 0x1 startupinfo.wShowWindow = 0x0 startupinfo.cb = sizeof(startupinfo) security_attributes.Length = sizeof(security_attributes) security_attributes.SecDescriptior = None security_attributes.InheritHandle = True if windll.kernel32.CreateProcessA(path_to_exe, None, byref(security_attributes), byref(security_attributes), True, CREATE_PRESERVE_CODE_AUTHZ_LEVEL, None, None, byref(startupinfo), byref(process_information)): self.pid = process_information.dwProcessId print "Success: CreateProcess - ", path_to_exe else: print "Failed: Create Process - Error code: ", windll.kernel32.GetLastError() def get_handle(self, pid): PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS = 0x001F0FFF PROCESS_VM_READ = 0x0010 self.h_process = windll.kernel32.OpenProcess(PROCESS_VM_READ, False, pid) if self.h_process: print "Success: Got Handle - PID:", self.pid else: print "Failed: Get Handle - Error code: ", windll.kernel32.GetLastError() windll.kernel32.SetLastError(10000) def read_memory(self, address): buffer = c_char_p("The data goes here") bufferSize = len(buffer.value) bytesRead = c_ulong(0) if windll.kernel32.ReadProcessMemory(self.h_process, address, buffer, bufferSize, byref(bytesRead)): print "Success: Read Memory - ", buffer.value else: print "Failed: Read Memory - Error Code: ", windll.kernel32.GetLastError() windll.kernel32.CloseHandle(self.h_process) windll.kernel32.SetLastError(10000) def write_memory(self, address, data): count = c_ulong(0) length = len(data) c_data = c_char_p(data[count.value:]) null = c_int(0) if not windll.kernel32.WriteProcessMemory(self.h_process, address, c_data, length, byref(count)): print "Failed: Write Memory - Error Code: ", windll.kernel32.GetLastError() windll.kernel32.SetLastError(10000) else: return False def virtual_query(self, address): basic_memory_info = MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION() windll.kernel32.SetLastError(10000) result = windll.kernel32.VirtualQuery(address, byref(basic_memory_info), byref(basic_memory_info)) if result: return True else: print "Failed: Virtual Query - Error Code: ", windll.kernel32.GetLastError() main = Main() address = None main.launch("C:\Program Files\ProgramFolder\Program.exe") main.get_handle(main.pid) #main.write_memory(address, "\x61") while 1: print '1 to enter an address' print '2 to virtual query address' print '3 to read address' choice = raw_input('Choice: ') if choice == '1': address = raw_input('Enter and address: ') if choice == '2': main.virtual_query(address) if choice == '3': main.read_memory(address) Thanks!

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• Problem with waveOutWrite and waveOutGetPosition deadlock

  - by MusiGenesis

  I'm working on an app that plays audio continuously using the waveOut... API from winmm.dll. The app uses "leapfrog" buffers, which are basically a bunch of arrays of samples that you dump into the audio queue. Windows plays them seamlessly in sequence, and as each buffer completes Windows calls a callback function. Inside this function, I load the next set of samples into the buffer, process them however, and then dump the buffer back into the audio queue. In this way, the audio plays indefinitely. For animation purposes, I'm trying to incorporate waveOutGetPosition into the application (since the "buffer done" callbacks are irregular enough to cause jerky animation). waveOutGetPosition returns the current position of playback, so it's hyper-precise. The problem is that in my application, making calls to waveOutGetPosition eventually causes the application to lock up - the sound stops and the call never returns. I've boiled things down to a simple app that demonstrates the problem. You can run the app here: http://www.musigenesis.com/SO/waveOut%20demo.exe If you just hear a tiny bit of piano over and over, it's working. It's just meant to demonstrate the problem. The source code for this project is here: http://www.musigenesis.com/SO/WaveOutDemo.zip The first button runs the app in leapfrog mode without making the calls to waveOutGetPosition. If you click this, the app will play forever without breaking (the X button will close it and shut it off). The second button starts the leapfrogger and also starts a forms timer that calls the waveOutGetPosition and displays the current position. Click this and the app will run for a short while and then lock up. On my laptop, it usually locks up in 15-30 seconds; at most it's taken a minute. I have no idea how to fix this, so any help or suggestions would be most welcome. I've found very few posts on this issue, but it seems that there is a potential deadlock, either from multiple calls to waveOutGetPosition or from calls to that and waveOutWrite that occur at the same time. It's possible that I'm calling this too frequently for the system to handle.

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• An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host

  - by George

  I have a fat VB.NET Winform client that is using the an old asmx style web service. Very often, when I perform query that takes a while, I get the subject error. The error happenes The error seems to occur in < 1 min, which is far less that the web service timeout value that I have set or the timeout value on the ADO Command object that is performing the query within the web server. It seems to occur whenever I am performing a large query that expects to return a lot of rows or when I am sending up a large amount of data to the web service. For example, it just occurred when I was passing a large dataset to the web server: System.Net.WebException: The underlying connection was closed: An unexpected error occurred on a receive. ---> System.IO.IOException: Unable to read data from the transport connection: An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host. ---> System.Net.Sockets.SocketException: An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.Receive(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size, SocketFlags socketFlags) at System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream.Read(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream.Read(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) at System.Net.PooledStream.Read(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) at System.Net.Connection.SyncRead(HttpWebRequest request, Boolean userRetrievedStream, Boolean probeRead) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Web.Services.Protocols.WebClientProtocol.GetWebResponse(WebRequest request) at System.Web.Services.Protocols.HttpWebClientProtocol.GetWebResponse(WebRequest request) at System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol.Invoke(String methodName, Object[] parameters) at Smit.Pipeline.Bo.localhost.WsSR.SaveOptions(String emailId, DataSet dsNeighborhood, DataSet dsOption, DataSet dsTaskApplications, DataSet dsCcUsers, DataSet dsDistinctUsers, DataSet dsReferencedApplications) in C:\My\Code\Pipeline2\Smit.Pipeline.Bo\Web References\localhost\Reference.vb:line 944 at Smit.Pipeline.Bo.Options.Save(TaskApplications updatedTaskApplications) in I've been looking a tons of postings on this error and it is surprising at how varied the circumstances which cause this error are. I've tried messing with Wireshark, but I am clueless how to use it. This application only has about 20 users at any one time and I am able to reproduce this error in the middle of the night when probably no one is using the app, so I don't think that the number of requests to the web server or to the database is high. It's probably one right now when I just got the error now. It seems to have to do everything with the amt of data being passed in either direction. This error is really chronic and killing me. Please help.

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• Download And Install apk from a link.

  - by rayman

  Hi, I`am trying to download and install an apk from some link, but for some reason i get an exception. I have one method downloadfile() which downloading the file and a call to and installFile() method, which supposed to install it in the device. some code: public void downloadFile() { String fileName = "someApplication.apk"; MsgProxyLogger.debug(TAG, "TAG:Starting to download"); try { URL u = new URL( "http://10.122.233.22/test/someApplication.apk"); try { HttpURLConnection c = (HttpURLConnection) u.openConnection(); try { c.setRequestMethod("GET"); c.setDoOutput(true); try { c.connect(); FileOutputStream f = context.openFileOutput(fileName, context.MODE_WORLD_READABLE); try { InputStream in = c.getInputStream(); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len1 = 0; int totsize = 0; try { while ((len1 = in.read(buffer)) > 0) { totsize += len1; f.write(buffer, 0, len1);// .write(buffer); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } f.close(); MsgProxyLogger.debug(TAG, TAG + ":Saved file with name: " + fileName); InstallFile(fileName); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } catch (ProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } and this is the install file method: private void InstallFile(String fileName) { MsgProxyLogger.debug(TAG, TAG + ":Installing file " + fileName); String src = String.format( "file:///data/data/com.test/files/", fileName); Uri mPackageURI = Uri.parse(src); PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager(); int installFlags = 0; try { PackageInfo pi = pm.getPackageInfo("com.mirs.agentcore.msgproxy", PackageManager.GET_UNINSTALLED_PACKAGES); if (pi != null) { MsgProxyLogger.debug(TAG, TAG + ":replacing " + fileName); installFlags |= PackageManager.REPLACE_EXISTING_PACKAGE; } } catch (NameNotFoundException e) { } try { // PackageInstallObserver observer = new PackageInstallObserver(); pm.installPackage(mPackageURI); } catch (SecurityException e) { //!!!!!!!!!!!!!here i get an security exception!!!!!!!!!!! MsgProxyLogger.debug(TAG, TAG + ":not permission? " + fileName); } this is the exception details: "Neither user 10057 nor current process has android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES". and i have set in my main app that permission in the manifest. anyone has any idea? thanks, ray.

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• write a opengl frame into a PPM using glReadPixels function

  - by small_potato

  I am using to use following code to write a frame in opengl to a PPM file: GLubyte buffer[window_width][window_height][3]; glReadPixels(0, 0, window_width, window_height, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer); My question is how can I convert Glubyte into unsigned char say unsigned char* c?

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• Bitwise AND, Bitwise Inclusive OR question, in Java

  - by Dave

  I've a few lines of code within a project, that I can't see the value of... buffer[i] = (currentByte & 0x7F) | (currentByte & 0x80); It reads the filebuffer from a file, stored as bytes, and then transfers then to buffer[i] as shown, but I can't understand what the overall purpose is, any ideas? Thanks

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• Accurately display upload progress in Silverilght upload

  - by Matt

  I'm trying to debug a file upload / download issue I'm having. I've got a Silverlight file uploader, and to transmit the files I make use of the HttpWebRequest class. So I create a connection to my file upload handler on the server and begin transmitting. While a file uploads I keep track of total bytes written to the RequestStream so I can figure out a percentage. Now working at home I've got a rather slow connection, and I think Silverlight, or the browser, is lying to me. It seems that my upload progress logic is inaccurate. When I do multiple file uploads (24 images of 3-6mb big in my testing), the logic reports the files finish uploading but I believe that it only reflects the progress of written bytes to the RequestStream, not the actual amount of bytes uploaded. What is the most accurate way to measure upload progress. Here's the logic I'm using. public void Upload() { if( _TargetFile != null ) { Status = FileUploadStatus.Uploading; Abort = false; long diff = _TargetFile.Length - BytesUploaded; UriBuilder ub = new UriBuilder( App.siteUrl + "upload.ashx" ); bool complete = diff <= ChunkSize; ub.Query = string.Format( "{3}name={0}&StartByte={1}&Complete={2}", fileName, BytesUploaded, complete, string.IsNullOrEmpty( ub.Query ) ? "" : ub.Query.Remove( 0, 1 ) + "&" ); HttpWebRequest webrequest = ( HttpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create( ub.Uri ); webrequest.Method = "POST"; webrequest.BeginGetRequestStream( WriteCallback, webrequest ); } } private void WriteCallback( IAsyncResult asynchronousResult ) { HttpWebRequest webrequest = ( HttpWebRequest ) asynchronousResult.AsyncState; // End the operation. Stream requestStream = webrequest.EndGetRequestStream( asynchronousResult ); byte[] buffer = new Byte[ 4096 ]; int bytesRead = 0; int tempTotal = 0; Stream fileStream = _TargetFile.OpenRead(); fileStream.Position = BytesUploaded; while( ( bytesRead = fileStream.Read( buffer, 0, buffer.Length ) ) != 0 && tempTotal + bytesRead < ChunkSize && !Abort ) { requestStream.Write( buffer, 0, bytesRead ); requestStream.Flush(); BytesUploaded += bytesRead; tempTotal += bytesRead; int percent = ( int ) ( ( BytesUploaded / ( double ) _TargetFile.Length ) * 100 ); UploadPercent = percent; if( UploadProgressChanged != null ) { UploadProgressChangedEventArgs args = new UploadProgressChangedEventArgs( percent, bytesRead, BytesUploaded, _TargetFile.Length, _TargetFile.Name ); SmartDispatcher.BeginInvoke( () => UploadProgressChanged( this, args ) ); } } //} // only close the stream if it came from the file, don't close resizestream so we don't have to resize it over again. fileStream.Close(); requestStream.Close(); webrequest.BeginGetResponse( ReadCallback, webrequest ); }

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