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  • OpenGL 3.0+ framebuffer to texture/images

    - by user827992
    I need a way to capture what is rendered on screen, i have read about glReadPixels but it looks really slow. Can you suggest a more efficient or just an alternative way for just copying what is rendered by OpenGL 3.0+ to the local RAM and in general to output this in a image or in a data stream? How i can achieve the same goal with OpenGL ES 2.0 ? EDIT: i just forgot: with this OpenGL functions how i can be sure that I'm actually reading a complete frame, meaning that there is no overlapping between 2 frames or any nasty side effect I'm actually reading the frame that comes right next to the previous one so i do not lose frames

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  • Use depth bias for shadows in deferred shading

    - by cubrman
    We are building a deferred shading engine and we have a problem with shadows. To add shadows we use two maps: the first one stores the depth of the scene captured by the player's camera and the second one stores the depth of the scene captured by the light's camera. We then ran a shader that analyzes the two maps and outputs the third one with the ready shadow areas for the current frame. The problem we face is a classic one: Self-Shadowing: A standard way to solve this is to use the slope-scale depth bias and depth offsets, however as we are doing things in a deferred way we cannot employ this algorithm. Any attempts to set depth bias when capturing light's view depth produced no or unsatisfying results. So here is my question: MSDN article has a convoluted explanation of the slope-scale: bias = (m × SlopeScaleDepthBias) + DepthBias Where m is the maximum depth slope of the triangle being rendered, defined as: m = max( abs(delta z / delta x), abs(delta z / delta y) ) Could you explain how I can implement this algorithm manually in a shader? Maybe there are better ways to fix this problem for deferred shadows?

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  • Renderbuffer to GLSL shader?

    - by Dan
    I have a software that performs volume rendering through a raycasting approach. The actual raycasting shader writes the raycasted volume depth into a framebuffer object, through gl_FragDepth, that I bind before calling the shader. The problem I have is that I would like to use this depth in another shader that I call later on. I figured out that the only way to do that is to bind the framebuffer once the raycasting has finished, read the depthmap through something like glReadPixels(0, 0, m_winSize.x , m_winSize.y, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, pixels); and write it to a 2D texture as usual glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24, m_winSize.x, m_winSize.y, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, pixels) and then pass this 2D texture that contains a simple depth map to the other shader. However, I am not entirely sure that what I do is the proper way to do this. Is there anyway to pass the framebuffer that I fill up in my raycasting shader to the other shader?

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  • Unexpected behaviour with glFramebufferTexture1D

    - by Roshan
    I am using render to texture concept with glFramebufferTexture1D. I am drawing a cube on non-default FBO with all the vertices as -1,1 (maximum) in X Y Z direction. Now i am setting viewport to X while rendering on non default FBO. My background is blue with white color of cube. For default FBO, i have created 1-D texture and attached this texture to above FBO with color attachment. I am setting width of texture equal to width*height of above FBO view-port. Now, when i render this texture to on another cube, i can see continuous white color on start or end of each face of the cube. That means part of the face is white and rest is blue. I am not sure whether this behavior is correct or not. I expect all the texels should be white as i am using -1 and 1 coordinates for cube rendered on non-default FBO. code: #define WIDTH 3 #define HEIGHT 3 GLfloat vertices8[]={ 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f,//face 1 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f,//face 2 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f,//face 3 -1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f,//face 4 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,//face 5 -1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f//face 6 }; GLfloat vertices[]= { 0.5f,0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f, 0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f,//face 1 0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f, 0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f,//face 2 0.5f,0.5f,0.5f, 0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f, 0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, 0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f,//face 3 -0.5f,0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f,//face 4 0.5f,0.5f,0.5f, 0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,0.5f,//face 5 -0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, 0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, 0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f//face 6 }; GLuint indices[] = { 0, 2, 1, 0, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 14, 12, 14, 13, 16, 17, 18, 16, 18, 19, 20, 23, 22, 20, 22, 21 }; GLfloat texcoord[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 }; glGenTextures(1, &id1); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_1D, id1); glGenFramebuffers(1, &Fboid); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexImage1D(GL_TEXTURE_1D, 0, GL_RGBA, WIDTH*HEIGHT , 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,0); glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, Fboid); glFramebufferTexture1D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER,GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,GL_TEXTURE_1D,id1,0); draw_cube(); glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0); draw(); } draw_cube() { glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT); glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glEnableVertexAttribArray(glGetAttribLocation(temp.psId,"position")); glVertexAttribPointer(glGetAttribLocation(temp.psId,"position"), 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0,vertices8); glDrawArrays (GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, 24); } draw() { glClearColor(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glClearDepth(1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glEnableVertexAttribArray(glGetAttribLocation(shader_data.psId,"tk_position")); glVertexAttribPointer(glGetAttribLocation(shader_data.psId,"tk_position"), 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0,vertices); nResult = GL_ERROR_CHECK((GL_NO_ERROR, "glVertexAttribPointer(position, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0,vertices);")); glEnableVertexAttribArray(glGetAttribLocation(shader_data.psId,"inputtexcoord")); glVertexAttribPointer(glGetAttribLocation(shader_data.psId,"inputtexcoord"), 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0,texcoord); glBindTexture(*target11, id1); glDrawElements ( GL_TRIANGLES, 36,GL_UNSIGNED_INT, indices ); when i change WIDTH=HEIGHT=2, and call a glreadpixels with height, width equal to 4 in draw_cube() i can see first 2 pixels with white color, next two with blue(glclearcolor), next two white and then blue and so on.. Now when i change width parameter in glTeximage1D to 16 then ideally i should see alternate patches of white and blue right? But its not the case here. why so?

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  • Keyboard problem, my Insert key is mix with my Delete key. How to disable overwrite text mode?

    - by Kevin Lee
    I have a problem, everytime i type a text, it is overwriting what i have typed. i assume that the mode is set to overwriting, I want to insert the text not overwrite it, but i can't disable it because my insert key is mix up with my delete key so everytime i enter insert to disable the overwrite mode, it just delete what i type. so how to disable this? it's getting very annoying.. i'm using centOS.. and it seems that my problem is only related to netbeans because when i type here, it is set to insert mode.. but in netbeans, it just overwrites the codes! help!

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  • When does depth testing happen?

    - by Utkarsh Sinha
    I'm working with 2D sprites - and I want to do 3D style depth testing with them. When writing a pixel shader for them, I get access to the semantic DEPTH0. Would writing to this value help? It seems it doesn't. Maybe it's done before the pixel shader step? Or is depth testing only done when drawing 3D things (I'm using SpriteBatch)? Any links/articles/topics to read/search for would be appreciated.

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  • Get Specific depth values in Kinect (XNA)

    - by N0xus
    I'm currently trying to make a hand / finger tracking with a kinect in XNA. For this, I need to be able to specify the depth range I want my program to render. I've looked about, and I cannot see how this is done. As far as I can tell, kinect's depth values only work with pre-set ranged found in the depthStream. What I would like to do is make it modular so that I can change the depth range my kinect renders. I know this has been down before but I can't find anything online that can show me how to do this. Could someone please help me out? I have made it possible to render the standard depth view with the kinect, and the method that I have made for converting the depth frame is as follows (I've a feeling its something in here I need to set) private byte[] ConvertDepthFrame(short[] depthFrame, DepthImageStream depthStream, int depthFrame32Length) { int tooNearDepth = depthStream.TooNearDepth; int tooFarDepth = depthStream.TooFarDepth; int unknownDepth = depthStream.UnknownDepth; byte[] depthFrame32 = new byte[depthFrame32Length]; for (int i16 = 0, i32 = 0; i16 < depthFrame.Length && i32 < depthFrame32.Length; i16++, i32 += 4) { int player = depthFrame[i16] & DepthImageFrame.PlayerIndexBitmask; int realDepth = depthFrame[i16] >> DepthImageFrame.PlayerIndexBitmaskWidth; // transform 13-bit depth information into an 8-bit intensity appropriate // for display (we disregard information in most significant bit) byte intensity = (byte)(~(realDepth >> 8)); if (player == 0 && realDepth == 00) { // white depthFrame32[i32 + RedIndex] = 255; depthFrame32[i32 + GreenIndex] = 255; depthFrame32[i32 + BlueIndex] = 255; } // omitted other if statements. Simple changed the color of the pixels if they went out of the pre=set depth values else { // tint the intensity by dividing by per-player values depthFrame32[i32 + RedIndex] = (byte)(intensity >> IntensityShiftByPlayerR[player]); depthFrame32[i32 + GreenIndex] = (byte)(intensity >> IntensityShiftByPlayerG[player]); depthFrame32[i32 + BlueIndex] = (byte)(intensity >> IntensityShiftByPlayerB[player]); } } return depthFrame32; } I have a strong hunch it's something I need to change in the int player and int realDepth values, but i can't be sure.

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  • What would be a good filter to create 'magnetic deformers' from a depth map?

    - by sebf
    In my project, I am creating a system for deforming a highly detailed mesh (clothing) so that it 'fits' a convex mesh. To do this I use depth maps of the item and the 'hull' to determine at what point in world space the deviation occurs and the extent. Simply transforming all occluded vertices to the depths as defined by the 'hull' is fairly effective, and has good performance, but it suffers the problem of not preserving the features of the mesh and requires extensive culling to avoid false-positives. I would like instead to generate from the depth deviation map a set of simple 'deformers' which will 'push'* all vertices of the deformed mesh outwards (in world space). This way, all features of the mesh are preserved and there is no need to have complex heuristics to cull inappropriate vertices. I am not sure how to go about generating this deformer set however. I am imagining something like an algorithm that attempts to match a spherical surface to each patch of contiguous deviations within a certain range, but do not know where to start doing this. Can anyone suggest a suitable filter or algorithm for generating deformers? Or to put it another way 'compressing' a depth map? (*Push because its fitting to a convex 'bulgy' humanoid so transforms are likely to be 'spherical' from the POV of the surface.)

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  • How to delete just one LINE of text (NOT a table-row!) with a single KEYBOARD shortcut in Microsoft Office Word 2010?

    - by Sk8erPeter
    Are there any shortcuts to delete just one row (which is NOT a table row, just a single row in a text) in Microsoft Office Word 2010? If not, how can I assign one to do it? In worst case, can I make a macro (in VB) which could do the same with a custom shortcut? To clarify my problem: I would like to avoid multiple clicks and/or pushing multiple buttons, even if I click in the middle of the line of text. :) For example, in Notepad++ I can delete the entire current line with Ctrl+L, in NetBeans, I can delete an entire line with Ctrl+E, in Eclipse, I can delete current line with Ctrl+D, etc., where it doesn't really matter where my mouse cursor is actually... so there are these simple solutions, which I look for in Word too. It really would simplify my work in huge documents.

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  • Visual Studio 2010 Zooming Keyboard Commands, Global Zoom

    One of my favorite features in Visual Studio 2010 is zoom. It first caught my attention as a useful tool for screencasts and presentations, but after getting used to it Im finding that its really useful when Im developing letting me zoom out to see the big picture, then zoom in to concentrate on a few lines of code. Zooming without the scroll wheel The common way youll see this feature demonstrated is with the mouse wheel you hold down the control key and scroll up or down to change font size....Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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  • using heightmap to simulate 3d in an isometric 2d game

    - by VaTTeRGeR
    I saw a video of an 2.5d engine that used heightmaps to do zbuffering. Is this hard to do? I have more or less no idea of Opengl(lwjgl) and that stuff. I could imagine, that you compare each pixel and its depthmap to the depthmap of the already drawn background to determine if it gets drawn or not. Are there any tutorials on how to do this, is this a common problem? It would already be awesome if somebody knows the names of the Opengl commands so that i can go through some general tutorials on that. greets! Great 2.5d engine with the needed effect, pls go to the last 30 seconds Edit, just realised, that my question wasn't quite clear expressed: How can i tell Opengl to compare the existing depthbuffer with an grayscale texure, to determine if a pixel should get drawn or not?

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  • screen blacks out after pressing a key on keyboard, specially enter key

    - by ahmad598
    I have natty, and i have installed kubuntu-desktop package. before installing it, everything was fine but after that, this thing happens: when I'm typing, after stroking a key, screen blacks out, fan speeds up, and i have to turn off machine by pressing power button. it just happens in many different apps (chromium, hotot, kde proxy settings, ...) and in every environment: unity, kde, gnome 2. i don't know what details i must provide with this question, and i don't like to remove my kde desktop, or re-install my ubuntu. any ideas are appreciated ;-)

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  • SQL Server Management Studio keyboard shortcuts - Part 1

    As responsibilities are growing every day, a DBA or developer needs to improve his/her productivity. One way to do this is to use as many shortcuts as possible instead of using your mouse and the menus. In this tip we take a look at common tasks you may perform when using SSMS and the associated shortcut keys. SQL Backup Pro SQL Backup Pro was the smartest kid at school. Discover why.

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  • Parsing concatenated, non-delimited XML messages from TCP-stream using C#

    - by thaller
    I am trying to parse XML messages which are send to my C# application over TCP. Unfortunately, the protocol can not be changed and the XML messages are not delimited and no length prefix is used. Moreover the character encoding is not fixed but each message starts with an XML declaration <?xml>. The question is, how can i read one XML message at a time, using C#. Up to now, I tried to read the data from the TCP stream into a byte array and use it through a MemoryStream. The problem is, the buffer might contain more than one XML messages or the first message may be incomplete. In these cases, I get an exception when trying to parse it with XmlReader.Read or XmlDocument.Load, but unfortunately the XmlException does not really allow me to distinguish the problem (except parsing the localized error string). I tried using XmlReader.Read and count the number of Element and EndElement nodes. That way I know when I am finished reading the first, entire XML message. However, there are several problems. If the buffer does not yet contain the entire message, how can I distinguish the XmlException from an actually invalid, non-well-formed message? In other words, if an exception is thrown before reading the first root EndElement, how can I decide whether to abort the connection with error, or to collect more bytes from the TCP stream? If no exception occurs, the XmlReader is positioned at the start of the root EndElement. Casting the XmlReader to IXmlLineInfo gives me the current LineNumber and LinePosition, however it is not straight forward to get the byte position where the EndElement really ends. In order to do that, I would have to convert the byte array into a string (with the encoding specified in the XML declaration), seek to LineNumber,LinePosition and convert that back to the byte offset. I try to do that with StreamReader.ReadLine, but the stream reader gives no public access to the current byte position. All this seams very inelegant and non robust. I wonder if you have ideas for a better solution. Thank you. EDIT: I looked around and think that the situation is as follows (I might be wrong, corrections are welcome): I found no method so that the XmlReader can continue parsing a second XML message (at least not, if the second message has an XmlDeclaration). XmlTextReader.ResetState could do something similar, but for that I would have to assume the same encoding for all messages. Therefor I could not connect the XmlReader directly to the TcpStream. After closing the XmlReader, the buffer is not positioned at the readers last position. So it is not possible to close the reader and use a new one to continue with the next message. I guess the reason for this is, that the reader could not successfully seek on every possible input stream. When XmlReader throws an exception it can not be determined whether it happened because of an premature EOF or because of a non-wellformed XML. XmlReader.EOF is not set in case of an exception. As workaround I derived my own MemoryBuffer, which returns the very last byte as a single byte. This way I know that the XmlReader was really interested in the last byte and the following exception is likely due to a truncated message (this is kinda sloppy, in that it might not detect every non-wellformed message. However, after appending more bytes to the buffer, sooner or later the error will be detected. I could cast my XmlReader to the IXmlLineInfo interface, which gives access to the LineNumber and the LinePosition of the current node. So after reading the first message I remember these positions and use it to truncate the buffer. Here comes the really sloppy part, because I have to use the character encoding to get the byte position. I am sure you could find test cases for the code below where it breaks (e.g. internal elements with mixed encoding). But up to now it worked for all my tests. The parser class follows here -- may it be useful (I know, its very far from perfect...) class XmlParser { private byte[] buffer = new byte[0]; public int Length { get { return buffer.Length; } } // Append new binary data to the internal data buffer... public XmlParser Append(byte[] buffer2) { if (buffer2 != null && buffer2.Length > 0) { // I know, its not an efficient way to do this. // The EofMemoryStream should handle a List<byte[]> ... byte[] new_buffer = new byte[buffer.Length + buffer2.Length]; buffer.CopyTo(new_buffer, 0); buffer2.CopyTo(new_buffer, buffer.Length); buffer = new_buffer; } return this; } // MemoryStream which returns the last byte of the buffer individually, // so that we know that the buffering XmlReader really locked at the last // byte of the stream. // Moreover there is an EOF marker. private class EofMemoryStream: Stream { public bool EOF { get; private set; } private MemoryStream mem_; public override bool CanSeek { get { return false; } } public override bool CanWrite { get { return false; } } public override bool CanRead { get { return true; } } public override long Length { get { return mem_.Length; } } public override long Position { get { return mem_.Position; } set { throw new NotSupportedException(); } } public override void Flush() { mem_.Flush(); } public override long Seek(long offset, SeekOrigin origin) { throw new NotSupportedException(); } public override void SetLength(long value) { throw new NotSupportedException(); } public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) { throw new NotSupportedException(); } public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) { count = Math.Min(count, Math.Max(1, (int)(Length - Position - 1))); int nread = mem_.Read(buffer, offset, count); if (nread == 0) { EOF = true; } return nread; } public EofMemoryStream(byte[] buffer) { mem_ = new MemoryStream(buffer, false); EOF = false; } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { mem_.Dispose(); } } // Parses the first xml message from the stream. // If the first message is not yet complete, it returns null. // If the buffer contains non-wellformed xml, it ~should~ throw an exception. // After reading an xml message, it pops the data from the byte array. public Message deserialize() { if (buffer.Length == 0) { return null; } Message message = null; Encoding encoding = Message.default_encoding; //string xml = encoding.GetString(buffer); using (EofMemoryStream sbuffer = new EofMemoryStream (buffer)) { XmlDocument xmlDocument = null; XmlReaderSettings settings = new XmlReaderSettings(); int LineNumber = -1; int LinePosition = -1; bool truncate_buffer = false; using (XmlReader xmlReader = XmlReader.Create(sbuffer, settings)) { try { // Read to the first node (skipping over some element-types. // Don't use MoveToContent here, because it would skip the // XmlDeclaration too... while (xmlReader.Read() && (xmlReader.NodeType==XmlNodeType.Whitespace || xmlReader.NodeType==XmlNodeType.Comment)) { }; // Check for XML declaration. // If the message has an XmlDeclaration, extract the encoding. switch (xmlReader.NodeType) { case XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration: while (xmlReader.MoveToNextAttribute()) { if (xmlReader.Name == "encoding") { encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding(xmlReader.Value); } } xmlReader.MoveToContent(); xmlReader.Read(); break; } // Move to the first element. xmlReader.MoveToContent(); // Read the entire document. xmlDocument = new XmlDocument(); xmlDocument.Load(xmlReader.ReadSubtree()); } catch (XmlException e) { // The parsing of the xml failed. If the XmlReader did // not yet look at the last byte, it is assumed that the // XML is invalid and the exception is re-thrown. if (sbuffer.EOF) { return null; } throw e; } { // Try to serialize an internal data structure using XmlSerializer. Type type = null; try { type = Type.GetType("my.namespace." + xmlDocument.DocumentElement.Name); } catch (Exception e) { // No specialized data container for this class found... } if (type == null) { message = new Message(); } else { // TODO: reuse the serializer... System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer ser = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(type); message = (Message)ser.Deserialize(new XmlNodeReader(xmlDocument)); } message.doc = xmlDocument; } // At this point, the first XML message was sucessfully parsed. // Remember the lineposition of the current end element. IXmlLineInfo xmlLineInfo = xmlReader as IXmlLineInfo; if (xmlLineInfo != null && xmlLineInfo.HasLineInfo()) { LineNumber = xmlLineInfo.LineNumber; LinePosition = xmlLineInfo.LinePosition; } // Try to read the rest of the buffer. // If an exception is thrown, another xml message appears. // This way the xml parser could tell us that the message is finished here. // This would be prefered as truncating the buffer using the line info is sloppy. try { while (xmlReader.Read()) { } } catch { // There comes a second message. Needs workaround for trunkating. truncate_buffer = true; } } if (truncate_buffer) { if (LineNumber < 0) { throw new Exception("LineNumber not given. Cannot truncate xml buffer"); } // Convert the buffer to a string using the encoding found before // (or the default encoding). string s = encoding.GetString(buffer); // Seek to the line. int char_index = 0; while (--LineNumber > 0) { // Recognize \r , \n , \r\n as newlines... char_index = s.IndexOfAny(new char[] {'\r', '\n'}, char_index); // char_index should not be -1 because LineNumber>0, otherwise an RangeException is // thrown, which is appropriate. char_index++; if (s[char_index-1]=='\r' && s.Length>char_index && s[char_index]=='\n') { char_index++; } } char_index += LinePosition - 1; var rgx = new System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex(xmlDocument.DocumentElement.Name + "[ \r\n\t]*\\>"); System.Text.RegularExpressions.Match match = rgx.Match(s, char_index); if (!match.Success || match.Index != char_index) { throw new Exception("could not find EndElement to truncate the xml buffer."); } char_index += match.Value.Length; // Convert the character offset back to the byte offset (for the given encoding). int line1_boffset = encoding.GetByteCount(s.Substring(0, char_index)); // remove the bytes from the buffer. buffer = buffer.Skip(line1_boffset).ToArray(); } else { buffer = new byte[0]; } } return message; } }

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  • Efficiently checking input and firing events

    - by Jim
    I'm writing an InputHandler class in XNA, and there are several different keys considered valid input (all of type Microsoft.XNA.Framework.Input.Keys). For each key, I have three events: internal event InputEvent XYZPressed; internal event InputEvent XYZHeld; internal event InputEvent XYZReleased; where XYZ is the name of the Keys object representing that key. To fire these events, I have the following for each key: if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(XYZ)) { if (PreviousKeyState.IsKeyDown(XYZ)) { if (XYZHeld != null) XYZHeld(); } else { if (XYZPressed != null) XYZPressed(); } } else if (PreviousKeyState.IsKeyDown(XYZ)) { if (XYZReleased != null) XYZReleased(); } However, this is a lot of repeated code (the above needs to be repeated for each input key). Aside from being a hassle to write, if any keys are added to/removed from the keys (if functionality is added/removed), a new section needs to be added (or an existing one removed). Is there a cleaner way to do this? Perhaps something along the lines of foreach key check which state it's in fire this key's event for that state where the code does the foreach (automatically checking exactly those keys that "exist") rather than the coder?

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  • D key not working on Ubuntu

    - by Jonathan
    For some inexplicable reason the capital d key on my Ubuntu system is no longer producing output. Hitting caps lock and then d produces a D. I've tried multiple keyboards and the issue is the same. There's nothing bound to Shift+d under System Preferences Keyboard Shortcuts. xev produces the following: shift + a KeyPress event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001, root 0x27a, subw 0x0, time 31268952, (130,-16), root:(1000,525), state 0x10, keycode 62 (keysym 0xffe2, Shift_R), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False KeyPress event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001, root 0x27a, subw 0x0, time 31269376, (130,-16), root:(1000,525), state 0x11, keycode 38 (keysym 0x41, A), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (41) "A" XmbLookupString gives 1 bytes: (41) "A" XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001, root 0x27a, subw 0x0, time 31269584, (130,-16), root:(1000,525), state 0x11, keycode 38 (keysym 0x41, A), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (41) "A" XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001, root 0x27a, subw 0x0, time 31269608, (130,-16), root:(1000,525), state 0x11, keycode 62 (keysym 0xffe2, Shift_R), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False shift + d KeyPress event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001, root 0x27a, subw 0x0, time 31102792, (115,-13), root:(985,528), state 0x10, keycode 62 (keysym 0xffe2, Shift_R), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False FocusOut event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001, mode NotifyGrab, detail NotifyAncestor FocusIn event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001, mode NotifyUngrab, detail NotifyAncestor KeymapNotify event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x0, keys: 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 KeyRelease event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001, root 0x27a, subw 0x0, time 31103104, (115,-13), root:(985,528), state 0x11, keycode 62 (keysym 0xffe2, Shift_R), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False

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  • XF86 keybinds in Openbox

    - by vasa1
    Lubuntu uses Openbox as its window manager. ~/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml is a file that specifies, among other things, keybinds for various commands. Most of the keybinds in lubuntu-rc.xml use modifier keys such as Control, Shift, Alt, and Super. For example, one way of opening a terminal window would be by pressing Control+Alt+T together: <!-- Launch a terminal on Ctrl + Alt + T--> <keybind key="C-A-T"> <action name="Execute"> <command>lxsession-default terminal</command> </action> </keybind> But there is also this: <!-- Keybinding for terminal button--> <keybind key="XF86WWW"> <action name="Execute"> <command>lxsession-default terminal</command> </action> </keybind> <keybind key="XF86Terminal"> <action name="Execute"> <command>lxsession-default terminal</command> </action> </keybind> What are keybind key="XF86WWW" and keybind key="XF86Terminal"? How do I locate these keys on my laptop's keyboard? My laptop is a Dell Inspiron N 1545 from 2008.

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  • Space (and pipe sign) works on occasion only

    - by Timo Riikonen
    I have an issue that when I try to write pipe sign "|" and space after that, I sometimes get wrong type of space (\240) and my command fails. This issue persists on different shells. How could I fix this? I am using Finnish keyboard layout. timo@timo-i7-ubuntu:~$ ps -ef | grep ruby timo 7169 2633 0 12:12 pts/2 00:00:00 ruby1.9.1 /usr/local/bin/rails new admin4 timo 8736 26515 0 14:22 pts/4 00:00:00 grep --color=auto ruby timo@timo-i7-ubuntu:~$ ps -ef | grep ruby No command ' grep' found, did you mean: Command 'igrep' from package 'openimageio-tools' (universe) Command 'dgrep' from package 'debian-goodies' (main) Command 'rgrep' from package 'grep' (main) Command 'zgrep' from package 'gzip' (main) Command 'zgrep' from package 'zutils' (universe) Command 'sgrep' from package 'sgrep' (universe) Command 'lgrep' from package 'lv' (universe) Command 'egrep' from package 'grep' (main) Command 'ngrep' from package 'ngrep' (universe) Command 'grep' from package 'grep' (main) Command 'agrep' from package 'agrep' (multiverse) Command 'pgrep' from package 'procps' (main) Command 'xgrep' from package 'xgrep' (universe) Command 'vgrep' from package 'atfs' (universe) Command 'fgrep' from package 'grep' (main)  grep: command not found timo@timo-i7-ubuntu:~$ cat pipecom ps -ef | grep rails timo@timo-i7-ubuntu:~$ cat pipecom2 ps -ef | grep rails timo@timo-i7-ubuntu:~$ ./pipecom timo 7169 2633 0 12:12 pts/2 00:00:00 ruby1.9.1 /usr/local/bin/rails new admin4 timo 8777 8775 0 14:26 pts/4 00:00:00 grep rails timo@timo-i7-ubuntu:~$ ./pipecom2 ./pipecom2: line 1: $'\302\240grep': command not found timo@timo-i7-ubuntu:~$ diff -w pipecom pipecom2 1c1 < ps -ef | grep rails --- > ps -ef | grep rails

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  • Pasting from vim in terminal to Google Docs (Firefox + Vimperator) - need to understand

    - by LIttle Ancient Forest Kami
    I had some trouble with copy-pasting text from vim in terminal to Google Docs (aka Drive) document (hereafter GDd) in FF browser (with Vimperator). Note: I have a file opened in Vim 7.2 in terminal :version displays both +clipboard and +xterm-clipboard I'm on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS, so I don't think that's Unity-related I want to use Vim, not GVim, nor gedit... I'm avid fan of mouseless navigation, so solution with mouse was not what I wanted. I have the solution, but I need understanding. What I tried and where it gets me: Yanking whole file text via: ggvGy allows me to: paste it via mouse middle button, NOT with Ctrl+v or Shift+Insert here, in text area for entering question text in gedit but NOT in GDd where I want it pasted, even if I switch Vimperator to pass-through mode with Insert does NOT show in XClip after xclip -o From gedit, I can copy-paste the text into GDd (Vimperator's pass-through mode not required). :%! !xclip -i (or :first, last) reports whole file (all lines, to be precise) as filtered, though shell returns 1 `xclip -o' returns nothing (is empty) or returns previously copied value with 2. no surprise, but I can't paste at all not only to GDd but also to gedit or here setting clipboard (:set clipboard=unnamed) to unnamed doesn't help using "+y or "*y on whole file text actually does the trick So, the question (it's actually three, say "split" and I will): why middle mouse button pastes different things than Ctrl+v and how to know what will be pasted with each? why just yanking (without registers) works with mouse but not with keyboard / XClip? why didn't unnamed register help? After setting, it should make unnamed and * registers same?

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  • Capital D key not working / producing output

    - by Jonathan
    For some inexplicable reason the capital d key on my Ubuntu system is no longer producing output. Hitting caps lock and then d produces a D. I've tried multiple keyboards and the issue is the same. There's nothing bound to Shift+d under System Preferences Keyboard Shortcuts. xev produces the following: shift + a KeyPress event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001, root 0x27a, subw 0x0, time 31268952, (130,-16), root:(1000,525), state 0x10, keycode 62 (keysym 0xffe2, Shift_R), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False KeyPress event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001, root 0x27a, subw 0x0, time 31269376, (130,-16), root:(1000,525), state 0x11, keycode 38 (keysym 0x41, A), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (41) "A" XmbLookupString gives 1 bytes: (41) "A" XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001, root 0x27a, subw 0x0, time 31269584, (130,-16), root:(1000,525), state 0x11, keycode 38 (keysym 0x41, A), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (41) "A" XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001, root 0x27a, subw 0x0, time 31269608, (130,-16), root:(1000,525), state 0x11, keycode 62 (keysym 0xffe2, Shift_R), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False shift + d KeyPress event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001, root 0x27a, subw 0x0, time 31102792, (115,-13), root:(985,528), state 0x10, keycode 62 (keysym 0xffe2, Shift_R), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False FocusOut event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001, mode NotifyGrab, detail NotifyAncestor FocusIn event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001, mode NotifyUngrab, detail NotifyAncestor KeymapNotify event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x0, keys: 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 KeyRelease event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001, root 0x27a, subw 0x0, time 31103104, (115,-13), root:(985,528), state 0x11, keycode 62 (keysym 0xffe2, Shift_R), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False

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  • Browser automatically refreshes and Home folder window opens

    - by Vikash
    I am facing a very strange problem. Out of the blue, my browser starts refreshing itself infinitely. My first guess was firefox is messing up. I installed chrome. But, it happens in chrome as well. Other than that, sometimes my home folder automatically opens and keep opening itself infinitely. My next guess was Mouse is faulty. Replace the mouse - but same things. This happens even if I remove my keyboard. What can be the reason? This started happening after I installed Ubuntu 10.10 few days back. Earlier on windows, everything was working fine. So, I am a bit skeptical to assume that this is a hardware fault. How to fix this problem? UPDATE: xev gives this kind of result: KeyPress event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4200001, root 0xb8, subw 0x0, time 29897358, (237,791), root:(1252,842), state 0x10, keycode 65 (keysym 0x20, space), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (20) " " XmbLookupString gives 1 bytes: (20) " " XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4200001, root 0xb8, subw 0x0, time 29897603, (237,791), root:(1252,842), state 0x10, keycode 65 (keysym 0x20, space), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (20) " " XFilterEvent returns: False

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  • Press alt + arrow to skip full line? (Or is there an existing shortcut already..? )

    - by Luka Kotar
    I am still a fresh Ubuntu user, and I switched from a Mac. What I can do on Mac, is I can press alt + arrow to jump one word forward or backward, or if I press cmd + arrow, I am able to jump to the start or end of the line. And that's what I would like to do in Ubuntu. I would assign it to the alt key, as ctrl is already used to skip words. I use that function a lot when coding, I like to keep my hands on the keyboard and just not touch the mouse at all, and it just saves me time for not having to hold the arrow key until I get to the end of the line (or the skip-a-word combo for that matter), or grabbing the mouse to click at the end, just to add a semicolon or something like that. It's not a huge deal, but that's just what I'm used to. I still keep my Mac partition for incompatibility issues, but I prefer Ubuntu over Mac. If there is already a shortcut to do that, I'd gladly go ahead and try getting comfortable using it, but if it is not, how could I achieve what I described above, if of course it is even possible? Thanks in advance, Luka.

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  • Gnome-shell partially freezes

    - by user568021
    My specs: Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS, Gnome3, Dell Studio laptop This is not happening all the time, but only sometimes .. totally randomly. When I'm in the middle of some work something totally weird happens. Keyboard suddenly stops working. I can't type, no matter which key I press nothing happens. I can't press Alt+Tab, I can't press Alt+F4, Alt+F2... nothing. Activities button is dead. Also right click does not work...and something even more annoying. I can click on the 'menu' in the top right corner(the menu pops up), but clicking on 'power-off' or 'suspend' option doesn't do anything. The only little thing I can do is: Close the lid of my laptop so it goes to sleep. Than wake it up again. And than it's ok. Everything works. So I guess restarting (or refreshing) gnome-shell fixes the problem. Sorry if the title of this question is odd... I don't know how to properly describe this.

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