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• What techniques can I use to render very large numbers of objects more efficiently in OpenGL?

  - by Luke

  You can think of my application as drawing a very large ball-and-stick diagram (or graph). At times, this graph can get very large, where the number of elements even outnumbers the pixels on the screen. Currently I am simply passing all of my textures (as GL_POINTS) and lines to the graphics card using VBO's. When the number of elements outnumbers the number of pixels, is this the most efficient way to do this? Or should I do some calculations on the CPU side before handing everything over to the GPU? If it matters, I do use GL_DEPTH_TEST and GL_ALPHA_TEST. I do some alpha blending, but probably not enough to make a huge performance difference. My scene can be static at times, but the user has control over a typical arc-ball camera and can pan, rotate, or zoom. It is during these operations that performance degradation is noticeable.

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• GLSL custom interpolation filter

  - by Cyan

  I'm currently building a fragment shader which is using several textures to render the final pixel color. The textures are not really textures, they are in fact "input data" to be used in the formula to generate the final color. The problem I've got is that the texture are getting bi-linear-filtered, and therefore the input data as well. This results in many unwanted side-effects, especially when final rendered texture is "zoomed" compared to original resolution. Removing the side effect is a complex task, and only result in "average" rendering. I was thinking : well, all my problems seems to come from the "default" bi-linear filtering on these input data. I can't move to GL_NEAREST either, since it would create "blocky" rendering. So i guess the better way to proceed is to be fully in charge of the interpolation. For this to work, i would need the input data at their "natural" resolution (so that means 4 samples), and a relative position between the sampled points. Is that possible, and if yes, how ? [EDIT] Since i started this question, i found this internet entry, which seems to (mostly) answer my needs. http://www.gamerendering.com/2008/10/05/bilinear-interpolation/ One aspect of the solution worry me though : the dimensions of the texture must be provided in an argument. It seems there is no way to "find this information transparently". Adding an argument into the rendering pipeline is unwelcomed though, since it's not under my responsibility, and translates into adding complexity for others.

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• How can I stop pixel seams appearing in adjacent mesh boundaries due to floating point imprecision?

  - by ufomorace

  Graphics cards are mathematically imprecise. So when some meshes are joined by their borders, the graphics card often makes mistakes and decides that some pixels at the seam represent neither object, and unwanted pixels appear. It's a natural behaviour on all graphics cards. How are such worries avoided in Pro Games? Batching? Shaders? Different tangent vectors? Merging? Overlaping seams? Dark backgrounds? Extra vertices at borders? Z precision? Camera distance tweaks? Screencap of a fix that ended up not working:

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• Client Side Prediction

  - by user13842

  I have a question regarding Client Side prediction. Ive tried to search topics about my specific problem but couldn't find anything which really answered my problem. Most tutorials and explanations assume that the Client sends messages like "Move my player up by 1 Position", but what if i send messages like "Set my player's velocity to x"? Since it's hard to explain with text, i made a graphic explaining my problem. The main problem is, that the player sets his own velocity, due to Client Side Prediction, earlier than the Server. So if 2 different velocities overlap, the Server would get out of sync. How can i tackle that problem? Thanks a lot. Graphic: http://img27.imageshack.us/img27/6083/clientpred.png (Ignore the 5.5cm)

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• how to decide face side of sprite

  - by user22135

  my first question here :] i am just starting game-dev with slick2D and marte engine and my question is when i move my sprite left and right i am doing walk animation but when the key is released how can i decide in which side the sprite face to set ? here's my Player.java http://pastebin.com/WjQ09Fij am i doing things right ? here's netbeans project without libs http://uppit.com/84vdufs35aas/SSheet.7z [< 45 KB] please help thanks in advance

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• Isometric Collision Detection

  - by Sleepy Rhino

  I am having some issues with trying to detect collision of two isometric tile. I have tried plotting the lines between each point on the tile and then checking for line intercepts however that didn't work (probably due to incorrect formula) After looking into this for awhile today I believe I am thinking to much into it and there must be a easier way. I am not looking for code just some advise on the best way to achieve detection of overlap

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• How to manage enemy movement and shoot in a shmup?

  - by whatever

  I'm wondering what is the best (or at least a good) way of managing enemies in a shoot-em-up. Basically, what I'd do would be a class that manages displaying and updating positions of all the enemies. But how to create good deplacements for enemies? A list of where-to-go points? gravitating around some fixed points (with ponderation, distance evaluation etc.)? Same question for the shoot patterns? Can you please put me on a track?

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• Multi-threaded JOGL Problem

  - by moeabdol

  I'm writing a simple OpenGL application in Java that implements the Monte Carlo method for estimating the value of PI. The method is pretty easy. Simply, you draw a circle inside a unit square and then plot random points over the scene. Now, for each point that is inside the circle you increment the counter for in points. After determining for all the random points wither they are inside the circle or not you divide the number of in points over the total number of points you have plotted all multiplied by 4 to get an estimation of PI. It goes something like this PI = (inPoints / totalPoints) * 4. This is because mathematically the ratio of a circle's area to a square's area is PI/4, so when we multiply it by 4 we get PI. My problem doesn't lie in the algorithm itself; however, I'm having problems trying to plot the points as they are being generated instead of just plotting everything at once when the program finishes executing. I want to give the application a sense of real-time display where the user would see the points as they are being plotted. I'm a beginner at OpenGL and I'm pretty sure there is a multi-threading feature built into it. Non the less, I tried to manually create my own thread. Each worker thread plots one point at a time. Following is the psudo-code: /* this part of the code exists in display() method in MyCanvas.java which extends GLCanvas and implements GLEventListener */ // main loop for(int i = 0; i < number_of_points; i++){ RandomGenerator random = new RandomGenerator(); float x = random.nextFloat(); float y = random.nextFloat(); Thread pointThread = new Thread(new PointThread(x, y)); } gl.glFlush(); /* this part of the code exists in run() method in PointThread.java which implements Runnable */ void run(){ try{ gl.glPushMatrix(); gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_POINTS); if(pointIsIn) gl.glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // red point else gl.glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // blue point gl.glVertex3f(x, y, 0.0f); // coordinates gl.glEnd(); gl.glPopMatrix(); }catch(Exception e){ } } I'm not sure if my approach to solving this issue is correct. I hope you guys can help me out. Thanks.

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• Codeigniter .htaccess not working in subdirectory

  - by xzdead

  I have this codeingniter project structure webRoot | |/application | | | |/controllers | | | |/admin | |/public | | | |/admin | | | | | |/css | | |/img | |/css | |/img And this is my .htacess file, located in /public. I use this in every local project running xampp: <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 [L] </IfModule> <IfModule !mod_rewrite.c> # If we don't have mod_rewrite installed, all 404's # can be sent to index.php, and everything works as normal. # Submitted by: ElliotHaughin ErrorDocument 404 /index.php </IfModule> It works fine in localhost, but doesn't work in a dreamhost server. I always get "no input file specified". So after searching the web and trying lots of combinations, the best I got is this .htaccess file: Options +FollowSymLinks RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule ^ index.php [L] With this one, if I go to http://development.mydomain.com - I see the codeigniter welcome page But if I go to: http://development.mydomain.com/admin - I see the directory listing of /public/admin and doesn't execute the controller in /application/controllers/admin Again, if I go to: http://development.mydomain.com/admin/admin - I see the private area, it executes the controller and goes to the default controller defined in routes, "dashboard" This works fine too: http://development.mydomain.com/admin/dashboard I have set in my config file: $config['index_page'] = ''; $config['base_url'] = ''; $config['uri_protocol'] = 'AUTO'; I think that whatever is wrong in my .htaccess is causing other path issues I have with my project. Any help would be great. Thanks to all in advance EDIT: I removed this line: RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d because admin directory exists, that's why I see the public directory listing. But now I see the codeigniter welcome page when I go to http://development.mydomain.com/admin So now my .htaccess file looks like: Options +FollowSymLinks RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule ^ index.php [L] #RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php?/$1 [L] I also tried with the commented RewriteRule but I get the same result.

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• How to simulate objects floating on water without a physics engine?

  - by user1075940

  In my game the water movement is done in a shader using Gerstner equations. The water movement looks realistic enough for a school project but I encounter serious problem when I wanted to do sailing on waves (similar to this). I managed to do collision with land by calculating quad's vertices and normals beneath ship, however same method can not be applied to water because XZ are displaced and Y is calculated in a shader :( How to approach this problem ? Is it possible to retrieve transformed grid from shader? Unfortunately no external physics libraries can be used.

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• Keeping the meshes "thickness" the same when scaling an object

  - by user1806687

  I've been bashing my head for the past couple of weeks trying to find a way to help me accomplish, on first look very easy task. So, I got this one object currently made out of 5 cuboids (2 sides, 1 top, 1 bottom, 1 back), this is just for an example, later on there will be whole range of different set ups. Now, the thing is when the user chooses to scale the whole object this is what should happen: X scale: top and bottom cuboids should get scaled by a scale factor, sides should get moved so they are positioned just like they were before(in this case at both ends of top and bottom cuboids), back should get scaled so it fits like before(if I simply scale it by a scale factor it will leave gaps on each side). Y scale: sides should get scaled by a scale factor, top and bottom cuboid should get moved, and back should also get scaled. Z scale: sides, top and bottom cuboids should get scaled, back should get moved. Hope you can help, EDIT: So, I've decided to explain the situation once more, this time more detailed(hopefully). I've also made some pictures of how the scaling should look like, where is the problem and the wrong way of scaling. I this example I will be using a thick walled box, with one face missing, where each wall is made by a cuboid(but later on there will be diffrent shapes of objects, where a one of the face might be roundish, or triangle or even under some angle), scaling will be 2x on X axis. 1.This is how the default object without any scaling applied looks like: http://img856.imageshack.us/img856/4293/defaulttz.png 2.If I scale the whole object(all of the meshes) by some scale factor, the problem becomes that the "thickness" of the object walls also change(which I do not want): http://img822.imageshack.us/img822/9073/wrongwaytoscale.png 3.This is how the correct scaling should look like. Appropriate faces gets caled in this case where the scale is on X axis(top, bottom, back): http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/163/rightwayxscale1.png/ 4.But the scale factor might not be the same for all object all of the times. In this case the back has to get scaled a bit more or it leaves gaps: http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/9/problemwhenscaling.png/ 5.If everything goes well this is how the final object should look like: http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/856/rightwayxscale2.png/ So, as you have might noticed there are quite a bit of things to look out when scaling. I am asking you, if any of you have any idea on how to accomplish this scaling. I have tried whole bunch of things, from scaling all of the object by the same scale factor, to subtracting and adding sizes to get the right size. But nothing I tried worked, if one mesh got scaled correctly then others didnt. Donwload the example object. English is not my first language, so I am really sorry if its hard to understand what I am saying.

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• How to synchronize the ball in a network pong game?

  - by Thaars

  I’m developing a multiplayer network pong game, my first game ever. The current state is, I’ve running the physic engine with the same configurations on the server and the clients. The own paddle movement is predicted and get just confirmed by the authoritative server. Is a difference detected between them, I correct the position at the client by interpolation. The opponent paddle is also interpolated 200ms to 100ms in the past, because the server is broadcasting snapshots every 100ms to each client. So far it works very well, but now I have to simulate the ball and have a problem to understanding the procedure. I’ve read Valve’s (and many other) articles about fast-paced multiplayer several times and understood their approach. Maybe I can compare my ball with their bullets, but their advantage is, the bullets are not visible. When I have to display the ball, and see my paddle in the present, the opponent in the past and the server is somewhere between it, how can I synchronize the ball over all instances and ensure, that it got ever hit by the paddle even if the paddle is fast moving? Currently my ball’s position is simply set by a server update, so it can happen, that the ball bounces back, even if the paddle is some pixel away (because of a delayed server position). Until now I’ve got no synced clock over all instances. I’m sending a client step index with each update to the server. If the server did his job, he sends the snapshot with the last step index of each client back to the clients. Now I’m looking for the stored position at the returned step index and compare them. Do I need a common clock to sync the ball? EDIT: I've tried to sync a common clock for the server and all clients with a timestamp. But I think it's better to use an own stepping instead of a timestamp (so I don't need to calculate with the ping and so on - and the timestamp will never be exact). The physics are running 60 times per second and now I use this for keeping them synchronized. Is that a good way? When the ball gets calculated by each client, the angle after bouncing can differ because of the different position of the paddles (the opponent is 200ms in the past). When the server is sending his ball position, velocity and angle (because he knows the position of each paddle and is authoritative), the ball could be in a very different position because of the different angles after bouncing (because the clients receive the server data after 100ms). How is it possible to interpolate such a huge difference? I posted this question some days ago at stackoverflow, but got no answer yet. Maybe this is the better place for this question.

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• Doing imagemagick like stuff in Unity (using a mask to edit a texture)

  - by Codejoy

  There is this tutorial in imagemagick http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/masking/#masks I was wondering if there was some way to mimic the behavior (like cutting the image up based on a black image mask that turns image parts transparent... ) and then trim that image in game... trying to hack around with the webcam feature and reproduce some of the imagemagick opencv stuff in it in Unity but I am saddly unequipped with masks, shaders etc in unity skill/knowledge. Not even sure where to start.

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• XNA Octree with batching

  - by Alex

  I'm integrating batching in my engine. However I'm using an octree which is auto generated around my scene. Now batching renders a hole group at ones while an octree sorts out which objects that should be rendered within the camera frustum, therefore dividing the group. Batching and octree doesn't go along very well, right? Problem: The way I see it I have two options, either create batch groups based on objects who are close to one another within the octree or I can rebuild the batching matrixbuffer for the instances visible each frame. Which approach should I go with or does there exist another solution?

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• loading a heightmap as texture in shader

  - by wtherapy

  I have a height map of 256x256, containing, foreach cell, not only height as a normal float value ( not 0-1 ) and also 2 gradient values ( for X and Y ), also as normal float values ( not 0-1 ). I have uploaded the texture via normal texture loading: glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_2D ); glGenTextures( 1, &m_uglID ); DEBUG_OUTPUT("Err %x\n", glGetError()); glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D , m_uglID ); DEBUG_OUTPUT("Err %x\n", glGetError()); glTexImage2D( GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB32F, unW + 1, unH + 1, 0, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, pvBytes ); DEBUG_OUTPUT("Err %x\n", glGetError()); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_LINEAR); DEBUG_OUTPUT("Err %x\n", glGetError()); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_LINEAR); DEBUG_OUTPUT("Err %x\n", glGetError()); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); DEBUG_OUTPUT("Err %x\n", glGetError()); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); DEBUG_OUTPUT("Err %x\n", glGetError()); as a parenthesis, the debug output is: Err 500 Err 0 Err 0 Err 0 Err 500 Err 500 Err 0 Err 0 pvBytes is a 256x256 array of typedef struct _tGradientHeightCell { float v; float px; float py; } TGradientHeightCell, *LPTGradientHeightCell; then, m_ugl_HeightMapTexture = glGetUniformLocation(m_uglProgram, "TexHeightMap"); I load it via: glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D ); glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D , pTexture->GetID()); glUniform1i(m_ugl_HeightMapTexture, 0); in shader, I just access it: uniform sampler2D TexHeightMap; vec4 GetVertCellParameters( uint i, uint j ) { return texture( TexHeightMap, vec2( i, j ) ); } vec4 vH00 = GetVertCellParameters( i, j ); My problem is that, when passing negative values in one of the values in TGradientHeightCell ( v, px, py ), the texture is corrupted. I need the values to be passed exact as I have them in memory. Any help appreciated.

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• openGL textures in bitmap mode

  - by evenex_code

  For reasons detailed here I need to texture a quad using a bitmap (as in, 1 bit per pixel, not an 8-bit pixmap). Right now I have a bitmap stored in an on-device buffer, and am mounting it like so: glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, BFR.G[(T+1)%2]); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, W, H, 0, GL_COLOR_INDEX, GL_BITMAP, 0); The OpenGL spec has this to say about glTexImage2D: "If type is GL_BITMAP, the data is considered as a string of unsigned bytes (and format must be GL_COLOR_INDEX). Each data byte is treated as eight 1-bit elements..." Judging by the spec, each bit in my buffer should correspond to a single pixel. However, the following experiments show that, for whatever reason, it doesn't work as advertised: 1) When I build my texture, I write to the buffer in 32-bit chunks. From the wording of the spec, it is reasonable to assume that writing 0x00000001 for each value would result in a texture with 1-px-wide vertical bars with 31-wide spaces between them. However, it appears blank. 2) Next, I write with 0x000000FF. By my apparently flawed understanding of the bitmap mode, I would expect that this should produce 8-wide bars with 24-wide spaces between them. Instead, it produces a white 1-px-wide bar. 3) 0x55555555 = 1010101010101010101010101010101, therefore writing this value ought to create 1-wide vertical stripes with 1 pixel spacing. However, it creates a solid gray color. 4) Using my original 8-bit pixmap in GL_BITMAP mode produces the correct animation. I have reached the conclusion that, even in GL_BITMAP mode, the texturer is still interpreting 8-bits as 1 element, despite what the spec seems to suggest. The fact that I can generate a gray color (while I was expecting that I was working in two-tone), as well as the fact that my original 8-bit pixmap generates the correct picture, support this conclusion. Questions: 1) Am I missing some kind of prerequisite call (perhaps for setting a stride length or pack alignment or something) that will signal to the texturer to treat each byte as 8-elements, as it suggests in the spec? 2) Or does it simply not work because modern hardware does not support it? (I have read that GL_BITMAP mode was deprecated in 3.3, I am however forcing a 3.0 context.) 3) Am I better off unpacking the bitmap into a pixmap using a shader? This is a far more roundabout solution than I was hoping for but I suppose there is no such thing as a free lunch.

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• Inventory Item Exist checker

  - by Annalyne

  I have a question regarding declaring my inventory. I made it a string named inventory, with a constant number as its max value. The thing is, I want the user to use an item if he / she gains an item. The problem is, I do not know what syntax should I use to determine if the user has an item and use that item. Here's my code I just started: so declaring the inventory: const int MAX_ITEMS = 15; string game_inventory [MAX_ITEMS]; int itemnum = 0; I have some items like potion, antidote, gems and others. I use the: game_inventory[itemnum++] = "Potion" to place items in my inventory. If I want to use the potion, IF I HAVE one, how can i make a function to check whether I have a potion or anything and use it?

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• How do I properly implement zooming in my game?

  - by Rudy_TM

  I'm trying to implement a zoom feature but I have a problem. I am zooming in and out a camera with a pinch gesture, I update the camera each time in the render, but my sprites keep their original position and don't change with the zoom in or zoom out. The Libraries are from libgdx. What am I missing? private void zoomIn() { ((OrthographicCamera)this.stage.getCamera()).zoom += .01; } public boolean pinch(Vector2 arg0, Vector2 arg1, Vector2 arg2, Vector2 arg3) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub zoomIn(); return false; } public void render(float arg0) { this.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); ((OrthographicCamera)this.stage.getCamera()).update(); this.stage.draw(); } public boolean touchDown(int arg0, int arg1, int arg2) { this.stage.toStageCoordinates(arg0, arg1, point); Actor actor = this.stage.hit(point.x, point.y); if(actor instanceof Group) { ((LevelSelect)((Group) actor).getActors().get(0)).touched(); } return true; } Zoom In Zoom Out

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• boolean operations on meshes

  - by lathomas64

  given a set of vertices and triangles for each mesh. Does anyone know of an algorithm, or a place to start looking( I tried google first but haven't found a good place to get started) to perform boolean operations on said meshes and get a set of vertices and triangle for the resulting mesh? Of particular interest are subtraction and union. Example pictures: http://www.rhino3d.com/4/help/Commands/Booleans.htm

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• Dynamic Components

  - by Alex

  I am attempting to design a component-based architecture that allows Components to be dynamically enabled and disabled, much like the system employed by Unity3D. For example, all Components are implicitly enabled by default; however, if one desires to halt execution of code for a particular Component, one can disable it. Naively, I want to have a boolean flag in Component (which is an abstract class), and somehow serialize all method calls into strings, so that some sort of ComponentManager can check if a given Component is enabled/disabled before processing a method call on it. However, this is a pretty bad solution. I feel like I should employ some variation of the state paradigm, but I have yet to make progress. Any help would be greatly appreciated,

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• Building an instance system.

  - by Kyle C

  I am looking into how to design an instance system for the game I am working on. I have always wondered how these are created in games like World of Warcraft, where instances == dungeons/raids/etc). Areas that are separated from players other than those in your group, but have specific logic to them. Specifically how can you reuse your existing code base and not have a bunch of checks everywhere ? if (isInstance) do x; else do y; I don't know if this will make too much of a difference on any answers, but we're using a pretty classic "Object as pure aggregation" component system for our entities.

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• Grid collision - finding the location of an entity in each box

  - by Gregg1989

  I am trying to implement grid-based collision in a 2d game with moving circles. The canvas is 400x400 pixels. Below you can see the code for my Grid class. What I want it to do is check inside which box the entities are located and then run a collision check if there are 2 or more entities in the same box. Right now I do not know how to find the position of an entity in a specific box. I know there are many tutorials online, but I haven't been able to find an answer to my question, because they are either written in C/C++ or use the 2d array approach. Code snippets and other help is greatly appreciated. Thanks. public class Grid { ArrayList<ArrayList<Entity>> boxes = new ArrayList<>(); double boxSize = 40; double boxesAmount = 10; ... ... public void checkBoxLocation(ArrayList<Entity> entities) { for (int i = 0; i < entities.size(); i++) { // Get top left coordinates of each entity double entityLeft = entities.get(i).getLayoutX() - entities.get(i).getRadius(); double entityTop = entities.get(i).getLayoutY() + entities.get(i).getRadius(); // Divide coordinate by box size to find the approximate location of the entity for (int j = 0; j < boxesAmount; j++) { //Select each box if ((entityLeft / boxSize <= j + 0.7) && (entityLeft / boxSize >= j)) { if ((entityTop / boxSize <= j + 0.7) && (entityTop / boxSize >= j)) { holdingBoxes.get(j).add(entities.get(i)); System.out.println("Entity " + entities.get(i) + " added to box " + j); } } } } } }

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• Cross-platform builds with OGRE3D via CMake. Any tips?

  - by frarees

  I've been trying to compile a simple project for both OSX and Windows platforms, using OGRE3D, but I've got some problems on the way. I'm using CMake to create my platform specific project files (VS solution & Xcode project). Some problems I found are: OGRE3D source is distributed in 2 flavors, Windows sources and UNIX/OSX sources. In OSX, compiling dependencies (freetype, FreeImage and specially OIS) is such a pain. I don't know how to handle precompiled dependencies (they exist for both Win & Mac). May sound like a noob question, but I would appreciate some tips on this. Resources, forum posts, anything. There exists any "cross-platform base project for OGRE3D" on the net? Would be really helpful if someone who already managed to do this can bring some light. Btw, I'm not basing the project on OGRE3D, it's just that is the biggest library I'm probably using, so I depend a lot on it. Thanks in advantage!

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• How should game objects be aware of each other?

  - by Jefffrey

  I find it hard to find a way to organize game objects so that they are polymorphic but at the same time not polymorphic. Here's an example: assuming that we want all our objects to update() and draw(). In order to do that we need to define a base class GameObject which have those two virtual pure methods and let polymorphism kicks in: class World { private: std::vector<GameObject*> objects; public: // ... update() { for (auto& o : objects) o->update(); for (auto& o : objects) o->draw(window); } }; The update method is supposed to take care of whatever state the specific class object needs to update. The fact is that each objects needs to know about the world around them. For example: A mine needs to know if someone is colliding with it A soldier should know if another team's soldier is in proximity A zombie should know where the closest brain, within a radius, is For passive interactions (like the first one) I was thinking that the collision detection could delegate what to do in specific cases of collisions to the object itself with a on_collide(GameObject*). Most of the the other informations (like the other two examples) could just be queried by the game world passed to the update method. Now the world does not distinguish objects based on their type (it stores all object in a single polymorphic container), so what in fact it will return with an ideal world.entities_in(center, radius) is a container of GameObject*. But of course the soldier does not want to attack other soldiers from his team and a zombie doesn't case about other zombies. So we need to distinguish the behavior. A solution could be the following: void TeamASoldier::update(const World& world) { auto list = world.entities_in(position, eye_sight); for (const auto& e : list) if (auto enemy = dynamic_cast<TeamBSoldier*>(e)) // shoot towards enemy } void Zombie::update(const World& world) { auto list = world.entities_in(position, eye_sight); for (const auto& e : list) if (auto enemy = dynamic_cast<Human*>(e)) // go and eat brain } but of course the number of dynamic_cast<> per frame could be horribly high, and we all know how slow dynamic_cast can be. The same problem also applies to the on_collide(GameObject*) delegate that we discussed earlier. So what it the ideal way to organize the code so that objects can be aware of other objects and be able to ignore them or take actions based on their type?

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• Creating movement path displays in a top-down 2d RTS

  - by nihohit

  My game is a top-down 2d RTS coded in C# using SFML's libraries. I want that during unit selection, a unit will display it's movement path on the map. Currently, after the path is computed as a list of directions ({left, up,down, down, down, left}, as an example), it's sent to the graphical component to create it's UI equivalent, and here I'm having some problems. current, these I've checked three ways to do it: compute the size of the image (in the example above it'll be a 3*2 rectangle) and create an invisible rectangle, and then go over the directions list and mark each spot with a visible point, so as to get a continous line. This system is slightly problematic because of the amount of large images that I need to save, but mostly because I have a lot of fine detail onscreen, and a continous line obstructs the view. again, compute the size of the image, but now create several (let's say 4) invisible images of that size, and then instead of a single continous line I'll switch between the four images, in each will appear only a fourth of the spots, in a way which creates a path animation. This is nicer on the eye, but here the memory demands, and the amount of time needed to compute each such image-loop is significant. Just create a list of single markers, each on a different spot on the path. This is very quick & easy on memory, but too sparse. Is there a simple or resource-light system to create path-animations?

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