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• View Frustum Alternative

  - by Kuros

  I am working on a simulation project that requires me to have entities walking around in a 3D world. I have all that working, matrix transformations, etc. I'm at the point where I need what is essentially a view frustum, so I can give each entity a visible area. However, when looking over the calculations required to do it, it seems like a perspective frustum is only required to be able to project it onto a 2D screen. Is there another, easier to code solution, that would function better, such as an orthogonal perspective? Could I just define a shape mathematically and test wether the coordinates of the objects are inside or out? I am not really a 3D coder (and I am doing this all from scratch, not using an engine or anything), so I would like the simplest solution possible for my needs. Thank you!

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• Understanding IDAT chunk of PNG file format

  - by DRapp

  From the sample image below, I have a border in yellow just for display purposes only. The actual .png file is a simple black/white image 3 pixels by 3 pixels. I was originally thinking to try as a 2x2, but that would not help trying to interpret low/hi vs hi/low drawing stream. At least this way, I would have two black, one white from the top, or one white, two black from the bottom.. So I read the chunks of data, get to the IDAT chunk, decode that (zlib) and come up with 12 bytes as follows 00 20 00 40 00 80 So, my question, how does the above get broken down into the 3x3 black and white sample... Also, it is saved in palette format and properly recognizes the bit depth of 1 and color palette of 2... color pallet[0] is RGBA all zeros. Palette1 has RGBA of 255, 255, 255, 0 I'll eventually get into the multiple other depth formats later, just wanted to start with what would expect to be the easiest. Part II. Any guidance on handling the other depth formats would help if anything special to be considered especially regarding alpha channel (which I am already looking for in the palette) that might trip me up.

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• Bump mapping Problem GLSL

  - by jmfel1926

  I am having a slight problem with my Bump Mapping project. Although everything works OK (at least from what I know) there is a slight mistake somewhere and I get incorrect shading on the brick wall when the light goes to the one side or the other as seen in the picture below: The light is on the right side so the shading on the wall should be the other way. I have provided the shaders to help find the issue (I do not have much experience with shaders). Shaders: varying vec3 viewVec; varying vec3 position; varying vec3 lightvec; attribute vec3 tangent; attribute vec3 binormal; uniform vec3 lightpos; uniform mat4 cameraMat; void main() { gl_TexCoord[0] = gl_MultiTexCoord0; gl_Position = ftransform(); position = vec3(gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex); lightvec = vec3(cameraMat * vec4(lightpos,1.0)) - position ; vec3 eyeVec = vec3(gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex); viewVec = normalize(-eyeVec); } uniform sampler2D colormap; uniform sampler2D normalmap; varying vec3 viewVec; varying vec3 position; varying vec3 lightvec; vec3 vv; uniform float diffuset; uniform float specularterm; uniform float ambientterm; void main() { vv=viewVec; vec3 normals = normalize(texture2D(normalmap,gl_TexCoord[0].st).rgb * 2.0 - 1.0); normals.y = -normals.y; //normals = (normals * gl_NormalMatrix).xyz ; vec3 distance = lightvec; float dist_number =length(distance); float final_dist_number = 2.0/pow(dist_number,diffuset); vec3 light_dir=normalize(lightvec); vec3 Halfvector = normalize(light_dir+vv); float angle=max(dot(Halfvector,normals),0.0); angle= pow(angle,specularterm); vec3 specular=vec3(angle,angle,angle); float diffuseterm=max(dot(light_dir,normals),0.0); vec3 diffuse = diffuseterm * texture2D(colormap,gl_TexCoord[0].st).rgb; vec3 ambient = ambientterm *texture2D(colormap,gl_TexCoord[0].st).rgb; vec3 diffusefinal = diffuse * final_dist_number; vec3 finalcolor=diffusefinal+specular+ambient; gl_FragColor = vec4(finalcolor, 1.0); }

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• Heightmap and Textures

  - by Robert

  Im trying to find the "best way" to apply a texture to a heightmap with opengl 3.x. Its really hard to find something on google because tutorials are olds and they're all using different methods, im really lost and i dont know what to use at all. Here is my code that generates the heightmap (its basic) float[] vertexes = null; float[] textureCoords = null; for(int x = 0; x < this.m_size.width; x++) { for(int y = 0; y < this.m_size.height; y++) { vertexes ~= [x, 1.0f, y]; textureCoords ~= [cast(float)x / 50, cast(float)y / 50]; } } As you can see, i dont know how to apply the texture at all (i was using / 50 for my tests). Result of that code : I would like to have something very basic like : (you can find more pics in his blog) Edit : my texture size is 1024x1024.

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• What is a good practice for 2D scene graph partitioning for culling?

  - by DevilWithin

  I need to know an efficient way to cull the scene graph objects, to render exclusively the ones in the view, and as fast as possible. I am thinking of doing it the following way, having in each object a local boundingbox which holds the object bounds, and a global boundingbox which holds the bounds of the object and all children. When a camera is moved, the render list is updated by traversing the global boundingboxes. When only the object is being moved, it tries to enlarge or shrink the ancestors global boundingboxes, and in the end updating or not the renderlist. What do you think of this approach? Do you think it will provide a fast and efficient culling? Also, because the render list is a contiguous list, it could accelerate the rendering, right? Any further tips for a 2D scene graphs are highly appreciated!

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• Many sources of movement in an entity system

  - by Sticky

  I'm fairly new to the idea of entity systems, having read a bunch of stuff (most usefully, this great blog and this answer). Though I'm having a little trouble understanding how something as simple as being able to manipualate the position of an object by an undefined number of sources. That is, I have my entity, which has a position component. I then have some event in the game which tells this entity to move a given distance, in a given time. These events can happen at any time, and will have different values for position and time. The result is that they'd be compounded together. In a traditional OO solution, I'd have some sort of MoveBy class, that contains the distance/time, and an array of those inside my game object class. Each frame, I'd iterate through all the MoveBy, and apply it to the position. If a MoveBy has reached its finish time, remove it from the array. With the entity system, I'm a little confused as how I should replicate this sort of behavior. If there were just one of these at a time, instead of being able to compound them together, it'd be fairly straightforward (I believe) and look something like this: PositionComponent containing x, y MoveByComponent containing x, y, time Entity which has both a PositionComponent and a MoveByComponent MoveBySystem that looks for an entity with both these components, and adds the value of MoveByComponent to the PositionComponent. When the time is reached, it removes the component from that entity. I'm a bit confused as to how I'd do the same thing with many move by's. My initial thoughts are that I would have: PositionComponent, MoveByComponent the same as above MoveByCollectionComponent which contains an array of MoveByComponents MoveByCollectionSystem that looks for an entity with a PositionComponent and a MoveByCollectionComponent, iterating through the MoveByComponents inside it, applying/removing as necessary. I guess this is a more general problem, of having many of the same component, and wanting a corresponding system to act on each one. My entities contain their components inside a hash of component type - component, so strictly have only 1 component of a particular type per entity. Is this the right way to be looking at this? Should an entity only ever have one component of a given type at all times?

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• About floating point precision and why do we still use it

  - by system_is_b0rken

  Floating point has always been troublesome for precision on large worlds. This article explains behind-the-scenes and offers the obvious alternative - fixed point numbers. Some facts are really impressive, like: "Well 64 bits of precision gets you to the furthest distance of Pluto from the Sun (7.4 billion km) with sub-micrometer precision. " Well sub-micrometer precision is more than any fps needs (for positions and even velocities), and it would enable you to build really big worlds. My question is, why do we still use floating point if fixed point has such advantages? Most rendering APIs and physics libraries use floating point (and suffer it's disadvantages, so developers need to get around them). Are they so much slower? Additionally, how do you think scalable planetary engines like outerra or infinity handle the large scale? Do they use fixed point for positions or do they have some space dividing algorithm?

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• I am looking to create realistic car movement using vectors

  - by bobthemac

  I have goggled how to do this and found this http://www.helixsoft.nl/articles/circle/sincos.htm I have had a go at it but most of the functions that were showed didn't work I just got errors because they didn't exist. I have looked at the cos and sin functions but don't understand how to use them or how to get the car movement working correctly using vectors. I have no code because I am not sure what to do sorry. Any help is appreciated. EDIT: I have restrictions that I must use the TL engine for my game, I am not allowed to add any sort of physics engine. It must be programmed in c++. Here is a sample of what i got from trying to follow what was done in the link I provided. if(myEngine->KeyHeld(Key_W)) { length += carSpeedIncrement; } if(myEngine->KeyHeld(Key_S)) { length -= carSpeedIncrement; } if(myEngine->KeyHeld(Key_A)) { angle -= carSpeedIncrement; } if(myEngine->KeyHeld(Key_D)) { angle += carSpeedIncrement; } carVolocityX = cos(angle); carVolocityZ = cos(angle); car->MoveX(carVolocityX * frameTime); car->MoveZ(carVolocityZ * frameTime);

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• Are there any open source projects for car engine sound simulation?

  - by Petteri Hietavirta

  I have been thinking how to create realistic sound for a car. The main sound is the engine, then all kind of wind, road and suspension sounds. Are there any open source projects for the engine sound simulation? Simply pitching up the sample does not sound too great. The ideal would be to something that allows me to pick type of the engine (i.e. inline-4 vs v-8), add extras like turbo/supercharger whine and finally set the load and rpm. Edit: Something like http://www.sonory.org/examples.html

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• What should a game have in order to keep humans playing it?

  - by Adam Davis

  In many entertainment professions there suggestions, loose rules, or general frameworks one follows that appeal to humans in one way or another. For instance, many movies and books follow the monomyth. In video games I find many types of games that attract people in different ways. Some are addicted to facebook gem matching games. Others can't get enough of FPS games. Once in awhile, though, you find a game that seems to transcend stereotypes and appeals almost immediately to everyone that plays it. For instance, Plants Versus Zombies seems to have a very, very large demographic of players. There are other games similar in reach. I'm curious what books, blogs, etc there are that explore these game types and styles, and tries to suss out one or more popular frameworks/styles that satisfy people, while keeping them coming back for more.

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• What is the most secure way to archive a GKScore to be re-submitted later?

  - by Jonathan Sibley

  I'm looking for the safest way to archive and store a GKScore that needs to be re-submitted to Game Center (say, because the user didn't have a network connection at the time the score was earned). I would like to archive the GKScore instance in case the app is terminated before it can be successfully re-submitted to Game Center. My worry is that if it's archived to an instance of NSData and saved in a .plist, it would be easy to manipulate. Perhaps this worry is unjustified? NOTE: I posted a similar question on Stack Overflow only to realize that it's better asked here.

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• How to implement an intelligent enemy in a shoot-em-up?

  - by bummzack

  Imagine a very simple shoot-em-up, something we all know: You're the player (green). Your movement is restricted to the X axis. Our enemy (or enemies) is at the top of the screen, his movement is also restricted to the X axis. The player fires bullets (yellow) at the enemy. I'd like to implement an A.I. for the enemy that should be really good at avoiding the players bullets. My first idea was to divide the screen into discrete sections and assign weights to them: There are two weights: The "bullet-weight" (grey) is the danger imposed by a bullet. The closer the bullet is to the enemy, the higher the "bullet-weight" (0..1, where 1 is highest danger). Lanes without a bullet have a weight of 0. The second weight is the "distance-weight" (lime-green). For every lane I add 0.2 movement cost (this value is kinda arbitrary now and could be tweaked). Then I simply add the weights (white) and go to the lane with the lowest weight (red). But this approach has an obvious flaw, because it can easily miss local minima as the optimal place to go would be simply between two incoming bullets (as denoted with the white arrow). So here's what I'm looking for: Should find a way through bullet-storm, even when there's no place that doesn't impose a threat of a bullet. Enemy can reliably dodge bullets by picking an optimal (or almost optimal) solution. Algorithm should be able to factor in bullet movement speed (as they might move with different velocities). Ways to tweak the algorithm so that different levels of difficulty can be applied (dumb to super-intelligent enemies). Algorithm should allow different goals, as the enemy doesn't only want to evade bullets, he should also be able to shoot the player. That means that positions where the enemy can fire at the player should be preferred when dodging bullets. So how would you tackle this? Contrary to other games of this genre, I'd like to have only a few, but very "skilled" enemies instead of masses of dumb enemies.

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• The Continuous Innovation of Software as a Service

  This white paper compares the advantages of cloud-based and traditional ERP solutions.

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• The Continuous Innovation of Software as a Service

  This white paper compares the advantages of cloud-based and traditional ERP solutions.

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• Circle vs Edge collision detection / resolution

  - by topheman

  I made a javascript class Ball.js that handles physics interactions betweens balls as well as painting. In the v1.0, the ball vs ball collision detection and resolution is well handled. In the next version (v2), I'm trying to add edgeCollision handling. I'm having some problems, maybe you will be able to help me. All the v2 branch source code is on github repository : https://github.com/topheman/Ball.js/tree/v2 The v2 demos (where you can see the bug I will be talking about) : http://labs.topheman.com/Ball-v2/#help As you will see on the demo, I have two major problems that I'm having a really hard time to solve on Ball.js : method resolveEdgeCollision : bounce angle is inconsistent method checkEdgeCollision : if the ball's velocity (the length that it runs each frame) is higher than its diameter, eventually, it will pass through an edge, without triggering any collision Any Ideas ?...

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• Can't use SFML sprite drawing and OpenGL rendering at the same time

  - by Ken

  I'm using some SFML built in functions to draw sprites and text as an overlay on top of some OpenGL rending in an SFML RenderWindow. The opengl rendering appears fine until I add the code to draw the sprites or text. The sprite or text drawing causes the OpenGL stuff to disappear. The follow code show what I'm trying to do sf::RenderWindow window(sf::VideoMode(viewport.width,viewport.height,32), "SFML Window"); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glOrtho(0,viewport.width,0,viewport.height,0,1); while (window.pollEvent(Event)) { //event handling... //begin drawing glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); glColor3f(col.x,col.y,col.z); for(int i=0;i<3;i++) glVertex2f(pos.x+verts[i].x,pos.y+verts[i].y); glEnd(); // adding this line causes all the previous opengl triangles not to appear window.draw("Sometext"); window.display(); }

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• Help with converting an XML into a 2D level (Actionscript 3.0)

  - by inzombiak

  I'm making a little platformer and wanted to use Ogmo to create my level. I've gotten everything to work except the level that my code generates is not the same as what I see in Ogmo. I've checked the array and it fits with the level in Ogmo, but when I loop through it with my code I get the wrong thing. I've included my code for creating the level as well as an image of what I get and what I'm supposed to get. EDIT: I tried to add it, but I couldn't get it to display properly Also, if any of you know of better level editors please let me know. xmlLoader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, LoadXML); xmlLoader.load(new URLRequest("Level1.oel")); function LoadXML(e:Event):void { levelXML = new XML(e.target.data); xmlFilter = levelXML.* for each (var levelTest:XML in levelXML.*) { crack = levelTest; } levelArray = crack.split(''); trace(levelArray); count = 0; for(i = 0; i <= 23; i++) { for(j = 0; j <= 35; j++) { if(levelArray[i*36+j] == 1) { block = new Platform; s.addChild(block); block.x = j*20; block.y = i*20; count++; trace(i); trace(block.x); trace(j); trace(block.y); } } } trace(count);

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• Browser Game Database structure

  - by John Svensson

  users id username password email userlevel characters id userid level strength exp max_exp map id x y This is what I have so far. I want to be able to implement and put different NPC's on my map location. I am thinking of some npc_entities table, would that be a good approach? And then I would have a npc_list table with details as how much damage, level, etc the NPC is. Give me some ideas with the map, map entities, npc how I can structure it?

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• Limiting the speed of the mouse cursor

  - by idlewire

  I am working on a simple game where you can drag objects around with the mouse cursor. As I drag the object around quickly, I notice there is some juddering, which seems to be due to the fact that I can move the mouse cursor faster than the game's update/draw. So, although I maintain the offset from where the player initially clicked on the object, the mouse's relative position to the object shifts around slightly before settling as I move the object very quickly. The only way I have found to get smooth, exact 1:1 movement is if I turn both IsFixedTimeStep and SynchronizeWithVerticalRetrace to false. However, I'd rather not have to do that. I have also tried making a custom mouse cursor, hiding the real mouse, taking the real mouse delta and clamping it to a maximum speed. Here is the problem: In windowed mode, the "real" mouse cursor moves off the window while the custom mouse cursor (since it's movement is being scaled) is still somewhere inside the game window. This becomes bizarre and is obviously not desired, as clicking at this point means clicking on things outside the game window. Is there any way to accomplish this in windowed mode? In fullscreen mode, the "real" mouse cursor is bounded to the edges of the screen. So I get to a point where there is no more mouse delta, yet my custom cursor is still somewhere in the middle of the screen and hence can't move further in that direction. If I wanted to clamp it to the edge of the screen when the real cursor is at the edge, then I would get an abrupt jump to the edge of the screen, which isn't desired either Any help would be appreciated. I'd like to be able to limit the speed of the mouse, but also would appreciate help with the first issue (the non-smooth relative offset between mouse cursor movement and object movement).

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• What is the difference between JDE plugin and Java plugin for Eclipse

  - by yakub_moriss

  Hi, Friends I am completelty new to the BB development. I want to start development of BlackBerry application. I am confused how to start? And what plugins have to download and from which link? And bit confused about the JDE plugin <-- Java plugin for Eclipse Which I have to download for development? Can any one explaine the above things? thanks in advanced...

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• How can I get accurate collision resolution on the corners of rectangles?

  - by ssb

  I have a working collision system implemented, and it's based on minimum translation vectors. This works fine in most cases except when the minimum translation vector is not actually in the direction of the collision. For example: When a rectangle is on the far edge on any side of another rectangle, a force can be applied, in this example down, the pushes one rectangle into the other, particularly a static object like a wall or a floor. As in the picture, the collision is coming from above, but because it's on the very edge, it translates to the left instead of back up. I've searched for a while to find an approach but everything I can find deals with general corner collisions where my problem is only in this one limited case. Any suggestions?

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• XNA Drag Gestures - fractional delta values

  - by Den

  I have an issue with objects moving roughly twice as far as expected when dragging them. I am comparing my application to the standard TouchGestureSample sample from MSDN. For some reason in my application gesture samples have fractional positions and deltas. Both are using same Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input.Touch.dll, v4.0.30319. I am running both apps using standard Windows Phone Emulator. I am setting my break point immediately after this line of code in a simple Update method: GestureSample gesture = TouchPanel.ReadGesture(); Typical values in my app: Delta = {X:-13.56522 Y:4.166667} Position = {X:184.6956 Y:417.7083} Typical values in sample app: Delta = {X:7 Y:16} Position = {X:497 Y:244} Have anyone seen this issue? Does anyone have any suggestions? Thank you.

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• Writing Game Engine from scratch with OpenGL [on hold]

  - by Wazery

  I want to start writing my game engine from scratch for learning purpose, what is the prerequisites and how to do that, what programming languages and things you recommend me? Also if you have good articles and books on that it will be great. Thanks in advance! My Programming languages and tools are: C/C++ is it good to use only C? Python OpenGL Git GDB What I want to learn from it: Core Game Engine Rendering / Graphics Game Play/Rules Input (keyboard/mouse/controllers, etc) In Rendering/Graphics: 3D Shading Lighting Texturing

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• Best C++ containers for UI in Games.

  - by Vijayendra

  I am writing some UI stuff for my games in C++. Basically its a very common problem, but I dont know the best answer yet. Suppose inside my UI Library I have a view class which renders 2D/3D scene. This view can contain many subviews. I needs a container which allows me to iterate over these views fast and also insert/delete subviews. I am not sure which container is best for the job - list, vector or something else?

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• How do I apply 2 rotations about different points to a single primitive using OpenGL

  - by Fenoec

  I'm working on a 2D top-down shooter game that has a rotation feature like Realm Of The Mad God such that if you press e the camera rotates around the character in a clockwise direction and q rotates the camera around the character in a counterclockwise direction. I have this working with my floors and walls by translating to the character, doing the screen rotation, and drawing everything with the character as the origin. The problem arises when I shoot projectiles which need to both rotate around the character and rotate around themselves (shooting uses the mouse cursor so I can shoot at any angle). For example, if the screen is not rotated and I'm shooting rectangular projectiles, I want them to face in the direction I'm shooting (rotation around themselves). However if I only do this rotation, when I then rotate the screen the projectiles will always shoot at the same position because my cursor position does not change. Therefore I need to also either rotate the projectiles around the character or rotate the mouse cursor position to get the correct position (which would then totally screw up all of the collision detection). Likewise if I only do the screen rotation on projectiles, the rectangles will always be facing the same way and they would only look correct if I were shooting straight up or straight down. So my question is, how can I perform 2 rotations on a primitive around 2 different points? The only way I can think of is to translate to the character and do the screen rotation, then somehow calculate the translation required to move back to the middle of the projectile (seeing as how my axes are now rotated) and do its rotation. Or am I thinking about this in the wrong way and there is a different solution to accomplishing this effect?

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