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  • how to transform child elements position into a world position

    - by MrGreg
    So Im making a 2d space game and I have a bunch of spaceships that have turrets. Objects have a position and orientation, the ships being in world coordinates while the turrets are children and coordinates are relative to their parents. How do I efficiently calculate the position of a turret in world coordinates (i.e. when it fires and I need to know where to place a bullet in the world)? Calculating the turrets orientation is trivial - I just add the turrets relative angle to its parents. For position though, I guess I could do a bunch of trigonometry but this MUST be a common problem with a good/fast general solution? Should I be relearning how to do matrix math again? :) btw - Im creating the game in javascript+canvas but its the math/algorithm im interested in here Cheers, Greg

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  • What is the practical use of IBOs / degenerate vertex in OpenGL?

    - by 0xFAIL
    Vertices in 3D models CAN get cut in the process of optimizing 3D geometry, (degenerate vertices) by 3D graphics software (Blender, ...) when exporting because they aren't needed when reusing a vertex for multiple triangles. (In the current case 3D data is exported from Blender as .ply and read by a simple application that displays the 3D model) Every vertex has a few attributes like position, color, normal, tangent,... But the data for each vertex that is cut through the vertex sharing is lost and is missing in the vertex shader. Modern shader techniques like Bump or Normal mapping require normals/tangents per vertex which are also cut. To use complex shader techniques IBOs must not be used? Or is there a way to use IBOs and retain the data per vertex that was origionally lost?

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  • What makes it hard to protect from hacks/bots in BF3 and Quake Live?

    - by Jakub P.
    After playing these games, asking other players/admins, and reading online I am led to believe that Quake Live and Battlefield 3 are frequented by bots and there are plenty of hacks of various kinds. I'm confused how this is possible, or even easy seeing how many players have access to these kinds of "tools" (sic). Isn't it possible for the game authors to digitally sign the game executables so that when they run, the server can ensure only the allowed client is sending commands, thus preventing any kind of abuse? I.e. every player command would be signed by a private key, or symmetrically encrypted (not sure which would make more sense). I understand that players can look at the running executable's behavior (memory etc.), but if games are apparently so easy to hack, shouldn't most apps be hacked as well (e.g. Skype, all DRM running on Windows etc.)?

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  • Physics Loop in a NodeJS/Socket.IO Environment

    - by Thomas Mosey
    I'm developing a 2D HTML5 Canvas Game, and I am trying to think of the most efficient way to implement a Physics Loop on the server-end of things, running NodeJS and Socket.IO. The only method I've thought of is using setTimeout/Interval, is there any better way? Any examples would be appreciated. EDIT: The Game is a top-down Game, like Zelda and older Pokemon Games. Most of the physics done in the loop will be simple intersects.

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  • Issues glVertexAttribPointer last 2 parameters?

    - by NoobScratcher
    Introduction Hello I will start out by explaining my setup, showing samples as I go along explaining the situation. I'm using these tools: OpenGL 3.3 GLSL 330 C++ Problem The problem is when I render the wavefront obj 3d model it gives a very weird visual glitch the model was supposed to be a square but instead its a triangluated mess with parts of the vertexes pointing in a stretched direction in massive amounts towards the bottom left side of the frustum.... Explanation: I'm using std::vectors to store my wavefront .obj model data using sscanf to get the floating point values into the structure members x,y,z and store them into the Points structure variable p; int index = IndexAssigner(1, 1); ifstream file (list[index].c_str() ); points.push_back(Point()); Point p; int face[4]; while (!file.eof() ) { char modelbuffer[10000]; file.getline(modelbuffer, 10000); switch(modelbuffer[0]) { case 'v' : sscanf(modelbuffer, "v %f %f %f", &p.x, &p.y, &p.z); points.push_back(p); break; case 'f': sscanf(modelbuffer, "f %d %d %d %d", face, face+1, face+2, face+3 ); faces.push_back(face[0]); faces.push_back(face[1]); faces.push_back(face[2]); faces.push_back(face[3]); } //Turn on FileReader aka "RENDER CODE" FileReader = true; } then I render the Points vector using the .data() member of std::vectors to the frustum. Other declarations: int numfloats = 4; float* point=reinterpret_cast<float*>(&points[0]); int num_bytes=numfloats*sizeof(float); Vector declarations: struct Point {float x, y , z; }; std::vector<int>faces; std::vector<Point>points; Render code: glGenBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer); glGenTextures(1, &ModelTexture); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_3D, ModelTexture); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0,GL_RGBA, ModelSurface->w, ModelSurface->h, 0, GL_BGR, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, ModelSurface->pixels); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(points), points.data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW); glVertexAttribPointer(3, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE,num_bytes ,points.data()); glEnableVertexAttribArray(3); //Translation Process GLfloat TranslationMatrix[] = { 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 }; //Send Translation Matrix up to the vertex shader glUniformMatrix4fv(translation, 1, TRUE, TranslationMatrix); glDrawElements( GL_QUADS, faces.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, faces.data()); I tried looking at what was causing this and went through every function every parameter ,etc looked at the man pages. Then found out that it could be my glVertexAttribPointer. Here are the man pages for glVertexAttribPointer http://www.opengl.org/sdk/docs/man/xhtml/glVertexAttribPointer.xml The last 2 parameters is my problem How do I write those 2 last parameters do I try putting the data from Points into it?. glVertexAttribPointer(3, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE,num_bytes ,points.data()); How does it work with vectors? Is it fast?* if you can not be bothered too look at the man pages here is the scripts coming from the man pages directly. Stride Specifies the byte offset between consecutive generic vertex attributes. If stride is 0, the generic vertex attributes are understood to be tightly packed in the array. The initial value is 0. Pointer Specifies a pointer to the first component of the first generic vertex attribute in the array. The initial value is 0. If you want my full source - http://ideone.com/fPfkg Thanks Again if you do read this.

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  • Creating a level editor event system

    - by Vaughan Hilts
    I'm designing a level editor for game, and I'm trying to create sort of an 'event' system so I can chain together things. If anyone has used RPG Maker, I'm trying to do similar to their system. Right now, I have an 'EventTemplate' class and a bunch of sub-classed 'EventNodes' which basically just contain properties of their data. Orginally, the IAction and IExecute interface performed logic but it was moved into a DLL to share between the two projects. Question: How can I abstract logic from data in this case? Is my model wrong? Isn't cast typing expensive to parse these actions all the time? Should I write a 'Processor' class to execute these all? But then these actions that can do all sorts of things need to interact with all sorts of sub-systems.

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  • Rotate 3D Model from a custom position

    - by Nipuna Silva
    I have a 3D Model like above in which i want to rotate it from a given location(pointed in red) but I can only rotate it from the middle. How can I rotate it from a custom point. Edit: I successfully able to rotate the model from the below position by getting the radius of the model and applying it to the world matrix Vector3 point = new Vector3(-radius, 0, 0); world = Matrix.CreateTranslation(-radius, 0, 0); But now I cannot change the position of the object and it always centered in middle of the screen. I think that's because i applied the above code. How can I place it anywhere I want?

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  • How to move from home page screen to the next menu screen on clicking a particular image in XNA4.0?

    - by Raj
    I m new 2 XNA game pgming(also C#)....I want 2 create a main page with some buttons and on clicking a particular button, it should goto another screen whr there r some buttons to select which should inturn goto the game screen on clicking....Whether I can put all the codes in the "game1.cs" or create new class for every page....Pls help... I've jus went through some pages in "Learning xna4.0" by o'reilly...If there s any other gud tutorials, pls suggest me...

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  • Circle-Rectangle collision in a tile map game

    - by furiousd
    I am making a 2D tile map based putt-putt game. I have collision detection working between the ball and the walls of the map, although when the ball collides at the meeting point between 2 tiles I offset it by 0.5 so that it doesn't get stuck in the wall. This aint a huge issue though. if(y % 20 == 0) { y+=0.5; } if(x % 20 == 0) { x+=0.5; } Collisions work as follows Find the closest point between each tile and the center of the ball If distance(ball_x, ball_y, close_x, close_y) <= ball_radius and the closest point belongs to a solid object, collision has occured Invert X/Y speed according to side of object collided with The next thing I tried to do was implement floating blocks in the middle of the map for the ball to bounce off of. When a ball collides with a corner of the block, it gets stuck in it. So I changed my determineRebound() function to treat corners as if they were circles. Here's that functon: `i and j are indexes of the solid object in the 2d map array. x & y are centre point of ball.` void determineRebound(int _i, int _j) { if(y > _i*tile_w && y < _i*tile_w + tile_w) { //Not a corner xs*=-1; } else if(x > _j*tile_w && x < _j*tile_w + tile_w) { //Not a corner ys*=-1; } else { //Corner float nx = x - close_x; float ny = y - close_y; float len = sqrt(nx * nx + ny * ny); nx /= len; ny /= len; float projection = xs * nx + ys * ny; xs -= 2 * projection * nx; ys -= 2 * projection * ny; } } This is where things have gotten messy. Collisions with 'floating' corners work fine, but now when the ball collides near the meeting point of 2 tiles, it detects a corner collision and does not rebound as expected. I'm a bit in over my head at this point. I guess I'm wondering if I'm going about making this sort of game in the right way. Is a 2d tile map the way to go? If so, is there a problem with my collision logic and where am I going wrong? Any advice/feedback would be great.

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  • OpenGL textures trigger error 1281 if SFML is not called

    - by user3714670
    I am using SOIL to apply textures to VBOs, without textures i could change the background and display black (default color) vbos easily, but now with textures, openGL is giving an error 1281, the background is black and some textures are not applied. but the first texture IS applied (nothing else is working though). The strange thing is : if i create a dummy texture with SFML in the same program, all other textures do work. So i guess there is something i forgot in the texture creation/application, if someone could enlighten me. Here is the code i use to load textures, once loaded it is kept in memory, it mostly comes from the example of SOIL : texture = SOIL_load_OGL_single_cubemap( filename, SOIL_DDS_CUBEMAP_FACE_ORDER, SOIL_LOAD_AUTO, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_POWER_OF_TWO | SOIL_FLAG_MIPMAPS | SOIL_FLAG_DDS_LOAD_DIRECT ); if( texture > 0 ) { glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP ); glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S ); glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T ); glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_GEN_R ); glTexGeni( GL_S, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_REFLECTION_MAP ); glTexGeni( GL_T, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_REFLECTION_MAP ); glTexGeni( GL_R, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_REFLECTION_MAP ); glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, texture ); std::cout << "the loaded single cube map ID was " << texture << std::endl; } else { std::cout << "Attempting to load as a HDR texture" << std::endl; texture = SOIL_load_OGL_HDR_texture( filename, SOIL_HDR_RGBdivA2, 0, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_POWER_OF_TWO | SOIL_FLAG_MIPMAPS ); if( texture < 1 ) { std::cout << "Attempting to load as a simple 2D texture" << std::endl; texture = SOIL_load_OGL_texture( filename, SOIL_LOAD_AUTO, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_POWER_OF_TWO | SOIL_FLAG_MIPMAPS | SOIL_FLAG_DDS_LOAD_DIRECT ); } if( texture > 0 ) { // enable texturing glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_2D ); // bind an OpenGL texture ID glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture ); std::cout << "the loaded texture ID was " << texture << std::endl; } else { glDisable( GL_TEXTURE_2D ); std::cout << "Texture loading failed: '" << SOIL_last_result() << "'" << std::endl; } } and how i apply it when drawing : GLuint TextureID = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "myTextureSampler"); if(!TextureID) cout << "TextureID not found ..." << endl; // glEnableVertexAttribArray(TextureID); glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); if(SFML) sf::Texture::bind(sfml_texture); else { glBindTexture (GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); // glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, 1024, 768, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, &texture); } glUniform1i(TextureID, 0); I am not sure that SOIL is adapted to my program as i want something as simple as possible (i used sfml's texture object which was the best but i can't anymore), but if i can get it to work it would be great.

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  • Smooth pixels while rotating sprite

    - by goodm
    I just started with andengine, so this maybe gonna be silly question. How to make my sprites more smooth while I rotate them? Or maybe it because this is screenshot from tablet? Thanks JohnEye it works: Just need to change my BitmapTextureAtlas from: BitmapTextureAtlas carAtlas = new BitmapTextureAtlas(this.getTextureManager(),100, 63); to: BitmapTextureAtlas carAtlas = new BitmapTextureAtlas(this.getTextureManager(),100, 63, TextureOptions.BILINEAR);

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  • Trouble with AABB collision response and physics

    - by WCM
    I have been racking my brain trying to figure out a problem I am having with physics and basic AABB collision response. I am fairly close as the physics are mostly right. Gravity feels good and movement is solid. The issue I am running into is that when I land on the test block in my project, I can jump off of it most of the time. If I repeatedly jump in place, I will eventually get stuck one or two pixels below the surface of the test block. If I try to jump, I can become free of the other block, but it will happen again a few jumps later. I feel like I am missing something really obvious with this. I have two functions that support the detection and function to return a vector for the overlap of the two rectangle bounding boxes. I have a single update method that is processing the physics and collision for the entity. I feel like I am missing something very simple, like an ordering of the physics vs. collision response handling. Any thoughts or help can be appreciated. I apologize for the format of the code, tis prototype code mostly. The collision detection function: public static bool Collides(Rectangle source, Rectangle target) { if (source.Right < target.Left || source.Bottom < target.Top || source.Left > target.Right || source.Top > target.Bottom) { return false; } return true; } The overlap function: public static Vector2 GetMinimumTranslation(Rectangle source, Rectangle target) { Vector2 mtd = new Vector2(); Vector2 amin = source.Min(); Vector2 amax = source.Max(); Vector2 bmin = target.Min(); Vector2 bmax = target.Max(); float left = (bmin.X - amax.X); float right = (bmax.X - amin.X); float top = (bmin.Y - amax.Y); float bottom = (bmax.Y - amin.Y); if (left > 0 || right < 0) return Vector2.Zero; if (top > 0 || bottom < 0) return Vector2.Zero; if (Math.Abs(left) < right) mtd.X = left; else mtd.X = right; if (Math.Abs(top) < bottom) mtd.Y = top; else mtd.Y = bottom; // 0 the axis with the largest mtd value. if (Math.Abs(mtd.X) < Math.Abs(mtd.Y)) mtd.Y = 0; else mtd.X = 0; return mtd; } The update routine (gravity = 0.001f, jumpHeight = 0.35f, moveAmount = 0.15f): public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { Acceleration.Y = gravity; Position += new Vector2((float)(movement * moveAmount * gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalMilliseconds), (float)(Velocity.Y * gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalMilliseconds)); Velocity.Y += Acceleration.Y; Vector2 previousPosition = new Vector2((int)Position.X, (int)Position.Y); KeyboardState keyboard = Keyboard.GetState(); movement = 0; if (keyboard.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { movement -= 1; } if (keyboard.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { movement += 1; } if (Position.Y + 16 > GameClass.Instance.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height) { Velocity.Y = 0; Position = new Vector2(Position.X, GameClass.Instance.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height - 16); IsOnSurface = true; } if (Collision.Collides(BoundingBox, GameClass.Instance.block.BoundingBox)) { Vector2 mtd = Collision.GetMinimumTranslation(BoundingBox, GameClass.Instance.block.BoundingBox); Position += mtd; Velocity.Y = 0; IsOnSurface = true; } if (keyboard.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space) && !previousKeyboard.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space)) { if (IsOnSurface) { Velocity.Y = -jumpHeight; IsOnSurface = false; } } previousKeyboard = keyboard; } This is also a full download to the project. https://www.box.com/s/3rkdtbso3xgfgc2asawy P.S. I know that I could do this with the XNA Platformer Starter Kit algo, but it has some deep flaws that I am going to try to live without. I'd rather go the route of collision response via an overlay function. Thanks for any and all insight!

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  • Bounding volume hierarchy - linked nodes (linear model)

    - by teodron
    The scenario A chain of points: (Pi)i=0,N where Pi is linked to its direct neighbours (Pi-1 and Pi+1). The goal: perform efficient collision detection between any two, non-adjacent links: (PiPi+1) vs. (PjPj+1). The question: it's highly recommended in all works treating this subject of collision detection to use a broad phase and to implement it via a bounding volume hierarchy. For a chain made out of Pi nodes, it can look like this: I imagine the big blue sphere to contain all links, the green half of them, the reds a quarter and so on (the picture is not accurate, but it's there to help understand the question). What I do not understand is: How can such a hierarchy speed up computations between segments collision pairs if one has to update it for a deformable linear object such as a chain/wire/etc. each frame? More clearly, what is the actual principle of collision detection broad phases in this particular case/ how can it work when the actual computation of bounding spheres is in itself a time consuming task and has to be done (since the geometry changes) in each frame update? I think I am missing a key point - if we look at the picture where the chain is in a spiral pose, we see that most spheres are already contained within half of others or do intersect them.. it's odd if this is the way it should work.

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  • Need material for character anatomy in a 2D game. Spartan Like, See Picture

    - by Edwin Soho
    I'm creating my art for an 2d based IOS game. I know some basic anatomy as you can see by the picture but I have no idea how I will make draw the pics for animation of the character walking, attacking with his sword and protecting himself with shield. Is there any anatomy reference for 2d game out there, book or anything else? for your information, I did try to find but all of stuff I found are very amateur and incomplete The picture was my attempt of creating a example of the character walking, which I'm not happy with please help, thanks Update: Since I am in a hurry I decided I would copy the anatomy from other 2d games, it is not that clean but at least I wanna be able to start it. The question is still open.

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  • How do games make money? What models do they use?

    - by cable729
    I'm trying to research the ways in which games make money. I want to know more about the models they use (free/premium, trial/subscription, free-to-play with micro-transactions, etc.). In addition, I want information on which models work for which games, what models are best for which age groups, etc. I've tried my best to find information, and Google hasn't turned anything up at all. I think I'll stop by my University's library and see if there's anything there. This may seem like a broad question, but I'm looking for links and titles of books, not typed-out answers.

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  • Beginner question about vertex arrays in OpenGL

    - by MrDatabase
    Is there a special order in which vertices are entered into a vertex array? Currently I'm drawing single textures like this: glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName); glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, vertices); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, coordinates); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4); where vertices has four "xy pairs". This is working fine. As a test I doubled the sizes of the vertices and coordinates arrays and changed the last line above to: glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 8); since vertices now contains eight "xy pairs". I do see two textures (the second is intentionally offset from the first). However the textures are now distorted. I've tried passing GL_TRIANGLES to glDrawArrays instead of GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP but this doesn't work either. I'm so new to OpenGL that I thought it's best to just ask here :-) Cheers!

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  • How can I improve my isometric tile-picking algorithm?

    - by Cypher
    I've spent the last few days researching isometric tile-picking algorithms (converting screen-coordinates to tile-coordinates), and have obviously found a lot of the math beyond my grasp. I have come fairly close and what I have is workable, but I would like to improve on this algorithm as it's a little off and seems to pick down and to the right of the mouse pointer. I've uploaded a video to help visualize the current implementation: http://youtu.be/EqwWcq1zuaM My isometric rendering algorithm is based on what is found at this stackoverflow question's answer, with the exception that my x and y axis' are inverted (x increased down-right, while y increased up-right). Here is where I am converting from screen to tiles: // these next few lines convert the mouse pointer position from screen // coordinates to tile-grid coordinates. cameraOffset captures the current // mouse location and takes into consideration the camera's position on screen. System.Drawing.Point cameraOffset = new System.Drawing.Point( 0, 0 ); cameraOffset.X = mouseLocation.X + (int)camera.Left; cameraOffset.Y = ( mouseLocation.Y + (int)camera.Top ); // the camera-aware mouse coordinates are then further converted in an attempt // to select only the "tile" portion of the grid tiles, instead of the entire // rectangle. this algorithm gets close, but could use improvement. mouseTileLocation.X = ( cameraOffset.X + 2 * cameraOffset.Y ) / Global.TileWidth; mouseTileLocation.Y = -( ( 2 * cameraOffset.Y - cameraOffset.X ) / Global.TileWidth ); Things to make note of: mouseLocation is a System.Drawing.Point that represents the screen coordinates of the mouse pointer. cameraOffset is the screen position of the mouse pointer that includes the position of the game camera. mouseTileLocation is a System.Drawing.Point that is supposed to represent the tile coordinates of the mouse pointer. If you check out the above link to youtube, you'll notice that the picking algorithm is off a bit. How can I improve on this?

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  • Designing spawning system

    - by Vlad
    I played this game recently http://www.kongregate.com/games/JuicyBeast/knightmare-tower and I am amazed by the way how different monsters are beign spawned. I personally developed my own shooter game and I added time based but also count based spawing system. By count based I mean when there are 5 enemies on stage stop spawning. But this is one example. My question is how are these spawning mechanism built, is there some pattern or some theory how they are built? Are there some online materials/pages where I can improve my knowledge? To sumarize, let just say we have 6 types of monsters. I start the game and kill of monsters of type 1,2 and 3 all the time. Once I pass the first ceiling, like in the game above, monster type 4 appear. ANd so on. As I progress trough the game, the same system of 6 types of monsters stay, but they become more and more resilient and dangerous. So I must also improve to be able to destroy the same monsters but now stronger. My question is simple, are there some theories built or written for developing this type of inteligent systems? Note: This is a general question, not tied up with some game or how exactly should the game work. I am capable to program my own mechanisms but I think I need some help. Thanks.

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  • Why does my 3D model not translate the way I expect? [closed]

    - by ChocoMan
    In my first image, my model displays correctly: But when I move the model's position along the Z-axis (forward) I get this, yet the Y-axis doesnt change. An if I keep going, the model disappears into the ground: Any suggestions as to how I can get the model to translate properly visually? Here is how Im calling the model and the terrain in draw(): cameraPosition = new Vector3(camX, camY, camZ); // Copy any parent transforms. Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[mShockwave.Bones.Count]; mShockwave.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); Matrix[] ttransforms = new Matrix[terrain.Bones.Count]; terrain.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(ttransforms); // Draw the model. A model can have multiple meshes, so loop. foreach (ModelMesh mesh in mShockwave.Meshes) { // This is where the mesh orientation is set, as well // as our camera and projection. foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.PreferPerPixelLighting = true; effect.World = transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateRotationY(modelRotation) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(modelPosition); // Looking at the model (picture shouldnt change other than rotation) effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(cameraPosition, modelPosition, Vector3.Up); effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), aspectRatio, 1.0f, 10000.0f); effect.TextureEnabled = true; } // Draw the mesh, using the effects set above. prepare3d(); mesh.Draw(); } //Terrain test foreach (ModelMesh meshT in terrain.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in meshT.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.PreferPerPixelLighting = true; effect.World = ttransforms[meshT.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateRotationY(0) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(terrainPosition); // Looking at the model (picture shouldnt change other than rotation) effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(cameraPosition, terrainPosition, Vector3.Up); effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), aspectRatio, 1.0f, 10000.0f); effect.TextureEnabled = true; } // Draw the mesh, using the effects set above. prepare3d(); meshT.Draw(); DrawText(); } base.Draw(gameTime); } I'm suspecting that there may be something wrong with how I'm handling my camera. The model rotates fine on its Y-axis.

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  • Which opcodes are faster at the CPU level?

    - by Geotarget
    In every programming language there are sets of opcodes that are recommended over others. I've tried to list them here, in order of speed. Bitwise Integer Addition / Subtraction Integer Multiplication / Division Comparison Control flow Float Addition / Subtraction Float Multiplication / Division Where you need high-performance code, C++ can be hand optimized in assembly, to use SIMD instructions or more efficient control flow, data types, etc. So I'm trying to understand if the data type (int32 / float32 / float64) or the operation used (*, +, &) affects performance at the CPU level. Is a single multiply slower on the CPU than an addition? In MCU theory you learn that speed of opcodes is determined by the number of CPU cycles it takes to execute. So does it mean that multiply takes 4 cycles and add takes 2? Exactly what are the speed characteristics of the basic math and control flow opcodes? If two opcodes take the same number of cycles to execute, then both can be used interchangeably without any performance gain / loss? Any other technical details you can share regarding x86 CPU performance is appreciated

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  • Is chess-like AI really inapplicable in turn-based strategy games?

    - by Joh
    Obviously, trying to apply the min-max algorithm on the complete tree of moves works only for small games (I apologize to all chess enthusiasts, by "small" I do not mean "simplistic"). For typical turn-based strategy games where the board is often wider than 100 tiles and all pieces in a side can move simultaneously, the min-max algorithm is inapplicable. I was wondering if a partial min-max algorithm which limits itself to N board configurations at each depth couldn't be good enough? Using a genetic algorithm, it might be possible to find a number of board configurations that are good wrt to the evaluation function. Hopefully, these configurations might also be good wrt to long-term goals. I would be surprised if this hasn't been thought of before and tried. Has it? How does it work?

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  • Object pools for efficient resource management

    - by GameDevEnthusiast
    How can I avoid using default new() to create each object? My previous demo had very unpleasant framerate hiccups during dynamic memory allocations (usually, when arrays are resized), and creating lots of small objects which often contain one pointer to some DirectX resource seems like an awful lot of waste. I'm thinking about: Creating a master look-up table to refer to objects by handles (for safety & ease of serialization), much like EntityList in source engine Creating a templated object pool, which will store items contiguously (more cache-friendly, fast iteration, etc.) and the stored elements will be accessed (by external systems) via the global lookup table. The object pool will use the swap-with-last trick for fast removal (it will invoke the object's ~destructor first) and will update the corresponding indices in the global table accordingly (when growing/shrinking/moving elements). The elements will be copied via plain memcpy(). Is it a good idea? Will it be safe to store objects of non-POD types (e.g. pointers, vtable) in such containers? Related post: Dynamic Memory Allocation and Memory Management

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  • Different ways to pass Textures into HLSL shaders

    - by codymanix
    The GraphicsDevice class of xna 4 has the properties Textures and VertexTextures. What is the exact difference? I don't really understand what MSDN tells me about this. I usually use Effect parameters to pass textures to my HLSL shaders. What are the differences between these methods, which is faster? My Scenario: I am working on a minecraft like game, which means lots of separate DrawPrimitives calls and change current Texture often since I have lots of different block types. Since I use an Octtree to organize the world, I cannot easily sort by texture.

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  • Platform game collisions with Block

    - by Sri Harsha Chilakapati
    I am trying to create a platform game and doing wrong collision detection with the blocks. Here's my code // Variables GTimer jump = new GTimer(1000); boolean onground = true; // The update method public void update(long elapsedTime){ MapView.follow(this); // Add the gravity if (!onground && !jump.active){ setVelocityY(4); } // Jumping if (isPressed(VK_SPACE) && onground){ jump.start(); setVelocityY(-4); onground = false; } if (jump.action(elapsedTime)){ // jump expired jump.stop(); } // Horizontal movement setVelocityX(0); if (isPressed(VK_LEFT)){ setVelocityX(-4); } if (isPressed(VK_RIGHT)){ setVelocityX(4); } } // The collision method public void collision(GObject other){ if (other instanceof Block){ // Determine the horizontal distance between centers float h_dist = Math.abs((other.getX() + other.getWidth()/2) - (getX() + getWidth()/2)); // Now the vertical distance float v_dist = Math.abs((other.getY() + other.getHeight()/2) - (getY() + getHeight()/2)); // If h_dist > v_dist horizontal collision else vertical collision if (h_dist > v_dist){ // Are we moving right? if (getX()<other.getX()){ setX(other.getX()-getWidth()); } // Are we moving left? else if (getX()>other.getX()){ setX(other.getX()+other.getWidth()); } } else { // Are we moving up? if (jump.active){ jump.stop(); } // We are moving down else { setY(other.getY()-getHeight()); setVelocityY(0); onground = true; } } } } The problem is that the object jumps well but does not fall when moved out of platform. Here's an image describing the problem. I know I'm not checking underneath the object but I don't know how. The map is a list of objects and should I have to iterate over all the objects??? Thanks

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  • Incorrect lighting results with deferred rendering

    - by Lasse
    I am trying to render a light-pass to a texture which I will later apply on the scene. But I seem to calculate the light position wrong. I am working on view-space. In the image above, I am outputting the attenuation of a point light which is currently covering the whole screen. The light is at 0,10,0 position, and I transform it to view-space first: Vector4 pos; Vector4 tmp = new Vector4 (light.Position, 1); // Transform light position for shader Vector4.Transform (ref tmp, ref Camera.ViewMatrix, out pos); shader.SendUniform ("LightViewPosition", ref pos); Now to me that does not look as it should. What I think it should look like is that the white area should be on the center of the scene. The camera is at the corner of the scene, and it seems as if the light would move along with the camera. Here's the fragment shader code: void main(){ // default black color vec3 color = vec3(0); // Pixel coordinates on screen without depth vec2 PixelCoordinates = gl_FragCoord.xy / ScreenSize; // Get pixel position using depth from texture vec4 depthtexel = texture( DepthTexture, PixelCoordinates ); float depthSample = unpack_depth(depthtexel); // Get pixel coordinates on camera-space by multiplying the // coordinate on screen-space by inverse projection matrix vec4 world = (ImP * RemapMatrix * vec4(PixelCoordinates, depthSample, 1.0)); // Undo the perspective calculations vec3 pixelPosition = (world.xyz / world.w) * 3; // How far the light should reach from it's point of origin float lightReach = LightColor.a / 2; // Vector in between light and pixel vec3 lightDir = (LightViewPosition.xyz - pixelPosition); float lightDistance = length(lightDir); vec3 lightDirN = normalize(lightDir); // Discard pixels too far from light source //if(lightReach < lightDistance) discard; // Get normal from texture vec3 normal = normalize((texture( NormalTexture, PixelCoordinates ).xyz * 2) - 1); // Half vector between the light direction and eye, used for specular component vec3 halfVector = normalize(lightDirN + normalize(-pixelPosition)); // Dot product of normal and light direction float NdotL = dot(normal, lightDirN); float attenuation = pow(lightReach / lightDistance, LightFalloff); // If pixel is lit by the light if(NdotL > 0) { // I have moved stuff from here to above so I can debug them. // Diffuse light color color += LightColor.rgb * NdotL * attenuation; // Specular light color color += LightColor.xyz * pow(max(dot(halfVector, normal), 0.0), 4.0) * attenuation; } RT0 = vec4(color, 1); //RT0 = vec4(pixelPosition, 1); //RT0 = vec4(depthSample, depthSample, depthSample, 1); //RT0 = vec4(NdotL, NdotL, NdotL, 1); RT0 = vec4(attenuation, attenuation, attenuation, 1); //RT0 = vec4(lightReach, lightReach, lightReach, 1); //RT0 = depthtexel; //RT0 = 100 / vec4(lightDistance, lightDistance, lightDistance, 1); //RT0 = vec4(lightDirN, 1); //RT0 = vec4(halfVector, 1); //RT0 = vec4(LightColor.xyz,1); //RT0 = vec4(LightViewPosition.xyz/100, 1); //RT0 = vec4(LightPosition.xyz, 1); //RT0 = vec4(normal,1); } What am I doing wrong here?

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