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• Validating JSP's and HTML Forms, Server-side or Client-side, or both?

  - by CitadelCSAlum

  I am aware that I can Google "HTML Form Validation" and would get a billion tutorials. I am well aware that I can use simple JavaScript to validate form input, but I have been told that this is not necessarily an efficient method. I have also heard that it is a best practice to validate both client and server-side code. OK! Well, What exactly does this mean besides writing code on both? Does it mean I do some with JavaScript and other with Servlet's or does it mean that I write identical validation methods on both? My real question is can anybody give me insight and direction as how to go about validation my HTML forms. I am using JSP's and Servlet's and I have tons of form validation to do. I have already done minor form validation with regex in Java, but want to figure out if Im heading in the right track before I write any more code. Only productive answers please, If I wanted negative feedback on how inexperienced I was, I would have gone to Reddit. Thanks!

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• Program structure in long running data processing python script

  - by fmark

  For my current job I am writing some long-running (think hours to days) scripts that do CPU intensive data-processing. The program flow is very simple - it proceeds into the main loop, completes the main loop, saves output and terminates: The basic structure of my programs tends to be like so: <import statements> <constant declarations> <misc function declarations> def main(): for blah in blahs(): <lots of local variables> <lots of tightly coupled computation> for something in somethings(): <lots more local variables> <lots more computation> <etc., etc.> <save results> if __name__ == "__main__": main() This gets unmanageable quickly, so I want to refactor it into something more manageable. I want to make this more maintainable, without sacrificing execution speed. Each chuck of code relies on a large number of variables however, so refactoring parts of the computation out to functions would make parameters list grow out of hand very quickly. Should I put this sort of code into a python class, and change the local variables into class variables? It doesn't make a great deal of sense tp me conceptually to turn the program into a class, as the class would never be reused, and only one instance would ever be created per instance. What is the best practice structure for this kind of program? I am using python but the question is relatively language-agnostic, assuming a modern object-oriented language features.

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• What is wrong with locking non-static fields? What is the correct way to lock a particular instance?

  - by smartcaveman

  Why is it considered bad practice to lock non-static fields? And, if I am not locking non-static fields, then how do I lock an instance method without locking the method on all other instances of the same or derived class? I wrote an example to make my question more clear. public abstract class BaseClass { private readonly object NonStaticLockObject = new object(); private static readonly object StaticLockObject = new object(); protected void DoThreadSafeAction<T>(Action<T> action) where T: BaseClass { var derived = this as T; if(derived == null) { throw new Exception(); } lock(NonStaticLockObject) { action(derived); } } } public class DerivedClass :BaseClass { private readonly Queue<object> _queue; public void Enqueue(object obj) { DoThreadSafeAction<DerivedClass>(x=>x._queue.Enqueue(obj)); } } If I make the lock on the StaticLockObject, then the DoThreadSafeAction method will be locked for all instances of all classes that derive from BaseClass and that is not what I want. I want to make sure that no other threads can call a method on a particular instance of an object while it is locked.

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• VB.NET Syntax Coding

  - by Yiu Korochko

  I know many people ask how some of these are done, but I do not understand the context in which to use the answers, so... I'm building a code editor for a subversion of Python language, and I found a very decent way of highlighting keywords in the RichTextBox through this: bluwords.Add(KEYWORDS GO HERE) If scriptt.Text.Length > 0 Then Dim selectStart2 As Integer = scriptt.SelectionStart scriptt.Select(0, scriptt.Text.Length) scriptt.SelectionColor = Color.Black scriptt.DeselectAll() For Each oneWord As String In bluwords Dim pos As Integer = 0 Do While scriptt.Text.ToUpper.IndexOf(oneWord.ToUpper, pos) >= 0 pos = scriptt.Text.ToUpper.IndexOf(oneWord.ToUpper, pos) scriptt.Select(pos, oneWord.Length) scriptt.SelectionColor = Color.Blue pos += 1 Loop Next scriptt.SelectionStart = selectStart2 End If (scriptt is the richtextbox) But when any decent amount of code is typed (or loaded via OpenFileDialog) chunks of the code go missing, the syntax selection falls apart, and it just plain ruins it. I'm looking for a more efficient way of doing this, maybe something more like visual studio itself...because there is NO NEED to highlight all text, set it black, then redo all of the syntaxing, and the text begins to over-right if you go back to insert characters between text. Also, in this version of Python, hash (#) is used for comments on comment only lines and double hash (##) is used for comments on the same line. Now I saw that someone had asked about this exact thing, and the working answer to select to the end of the line was something like: ^\'[^\r\n]+$|''[^\r\n]+$ which I cannot seem to get into practice. I also wanted to select text between quotes and turn it turquoise, such as between the first quotation mark and the second, the text is turquoise, and the same between the 3rd and 4th etcetera... Any help is appreciated!

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• Why doesn't java.lang.Number implement Comparable?

  - by Julien Chastang

  Does anyone know why java.lang.Number does not implement Comparable? This means that you cannot sort Numbers with Collections.sort which seems to me a little strange. Post discussion update: Thanks for all the helpful responses. I ended up doing some more research about this topic. The simplest explanation for why java.lang.Number does not implement Comparable is rooted in mutability concerns. For a bit of review, java.lang.Number is the abstract super-type of AtomicInteger, AtomicLong, BigDecimal, BigInteger, Byte, Double, Float, Integer, Long and Short. On that list, AtomicInteger and AtomicLong to do not implement Comparable. Digging around, I discovered that it is not a good practice to implement Comparable on mutable types because the objects can change during or after comparison rendering the result of the comparison useless. Both AtomicLong and AtomicInteger are mutable. The API designers had the forethought to not have Number implement Comparable because it would have constrained implementation of future subtypes. Indeed, AtomicLong and AtomicInteger were added in Java 1.5 long after java.lang.Number was initially implemented. Apart from mutability, there are probably other considerations here too. A compareTo implementation in Number would have to promote all numeric values to BigDecimal because it is capable of accommodating all the Number sub-types. The implication of that promotion in terms of mathematics and performance is a bit unclear to me, but my intuition finds that solution kludgy.

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• how to share a variable between two threads

  - by prmatta

  I just inherited some code, two threads within this code need to perform a system task. One thread should do the system task before the other thread. They should not be performing the system task together. The two threads do not have references to each other. Now, I know I can use some sort of a semaphore to achieve this. But my question is what is the right way to get both threads to access this semaphore. I could create a static variable/method a new class : public class SharedSemaphore { private static Semaphore s = new Semaphore (1, true); public static void performSystemTask () { s.acquire(); } public static void donePerformingSystemTask() { s.release(); } } This would work (right?) but this doesn't seem like the right thing to do. Because, the threads now have access to a semaphore, without ever having a reference to it. This sort of thing doesn't seem like a good programming practice. Am I wrong?

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• How to implement a network protocol?

  - by gotch4

  Here is a generic question. I'm not in search of the best answer, I'd just like you to express your favourite practices. I want to implement a network protocol in Java (but this is a rather general question, I faced the same issues in C++), this is not the first time, as I have done this before. But I think I am missing a good way to implement it. In fact usually it's all about exchanging text messages and some byte buffers between hosts, storing the status and wait until the next message comes. The problem is that I usually end up with a bunch of switch and more or less complex if statements that react to different statuses / messages. The whole thing usually gets complicated and hard to mantain. Not to mention that sometimes what comes out has some "blind spot", I mean statuses of the protocol that have not been covered and that behave in a unpredictable way. I tried to write down some state machine classes, that take care of checking start and end statuses for each action in more or less smart ways. This makes programming the protocol very complicated as I have to write lines and lines of code to cover every possible situation. What I'd like is something like a good pattern, or a best practice that is used in programming complex protocols, easy to mantain and to extend and very readable. What are your suggestions?

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• php form submit and the resend infromation screen

  - by Para

  Hello, I want to ask a best practice question. Suppose I have a form in php with 3 fields say name, email and comment. I submit the form via POST. In PHP I try and insert the date into the database. Suppose the insertion fails. I should now show the user an error and display the form filled in with the data he previously inserted so he can correct his error. Showing the form in it's initial state won't do. So I display the form and the 3 fields are now filled in from PHP with echo or such. Now if I click refresh I get a message saying "Are you sure you want to resend information?". OK. Suppose after I insert the data I don't carry on but I redirect to the same page but with the necessary parameters in the query string. This makes the message go away but I have to carry 3 parameters in the query string. So my question is: How is it better to do this? I want to not carry around lots of parameters in the query string but also not get that error. How can this be done? Should I use cookies to store the form information.

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• Entity Framework autoincrement key

  - by Tommy Ong

  I'm facing an issue of duplicated incremental field on a concurrency scenario. I'm using EF as the ORM tool, attempting to insert an entity with a field that acts as a incremental INT field. Basically this field is called "SequenceNumber", where each new record before insert, will read the database using MAX to get the last SequenceNumber, append +1 to it, and saves the changes. Between the getting of last SequenceNumber and Saving, that's where the concurrency is happening. I'm not using ID for SequenceNumber as it is not a unique constraint, and may reset on certain conditions such as monthly, yearly, etc. InvoiceNumber | SequenceNumber | DateCreated INV00001_08_14 | 1 | 25/08/2014 INV00001_08_14 | 1 | 25/08/2014 <= (concurrency is creating two SeqNo 1) INV00002_08_14 | 2 | 25/08/2014 INV00003_08_14 | 3 | 26/08/2014 INV00004_08_14 | 4 | 27/08/2014 INV00005_08_14 | 5 | 29/08/2014 INV00001_09_14 | 1 | 01/09/2014 <= (sequence number reset) Invoice number is formatted based on the SequenceNumber. After some research I've ended up with these possible solutions, but wanna know the best practice 1) Optimistic Concurrency, locking the table from any reads until the current transaction is completed (not fancy of this idea as I guess performance will be of a great impact?) 2) Create a Stored Procedure solely for this purpose, does select and insert on a single statement as such concurrency is at minimum (would prefer a EF based approach if possible)

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• Extremely CPU Intensive Alarm Clock

  - by SoulBeaver

  For some reason my program, a console alarm clock I made for laughs and practice, is extremely CPU intensive. It consumes about 2mB RAM, which is already quite a bit for such a small program, but it devastates my CPU with over 50% resources at times. Most of the time my program is doing nothing except counting down the seconds, so I guess this part of my program is the one that's causing so much strain on my CPU, though I don't know why. If it is so, could you please recommend a way of making it less, or perhaps a library to use instead if the problem can't be easily solved? /* The wait function waits exactly one second before returning to the * * called function. */ void wait( const int &seconds ) { clock_t endwait; // Type needed to compare with clock() endwait = clock() + ( seconds * CLOCKS_PER_SEC ); while( clock() < endwait ) {} // Nothing need be done here. } In case anybody browses CPlusPlus.com, this is a genuine copy/paste of the clock() function they have written as an example for clock(). Much why the comment //Nothing need be done here is so lackluster. I'm not entirely sure what exactly clock() does yet. The rest of the program calls two other functions that only activate every sixty seconds, otherwise returning to the caller and counting down another second, so I don't think that's too CPU intensive- though I wouldn't know, this is my first attempt at optimizing code. The first function is a console clear using system("cls") which, I know, is really, really slow and not a good idea. I will be changing that post-haste, but, since it only activates every 60 seconds and there is a noticeable lag-spike, I know this isn't the problem most of the time. The second function re-writes the content of the screen with the updated remaining time also only every sixty seconds. I will edit in the function that calls wait, clearScreen and display if it's clear that this function is not the problem. I already tried to reference most variables so they are not copied, as well as avoid endl as I heard that it's a little slow compared to \n.

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• Returning pointers in a thread-safe way.

  - by Roddy

  Assume I have a thread-safe collection of Things (call it a ThingList), and I want to add the following function. Thing * ThingList::findByName(string name) { return &item[name]; // or something similar.. } But by doing this, I've delegated the responsibility for thread safety to the calling code, which would have to do something like this: try { list.lock(); // NEEDED FOR THREAD SAFETY Thing *foo = list.findByName("wibble"); foo->Bar = 123; list.unlock(); } catch (...) { list.unlock(); throw; } Obviously a RAII lock/unlock object would simplify/remove the try/catch/unlocks, but it's still easy for the caller to forget. There are a few alternatives I've looked at: Return Thing by value, instead of a pointer - fine unless you need to modify the Thing Add function ThingList::setItemBar(string name, int value) - fine, but these tend to proliferate Return a pointerlike object which locks the list on creation and unlocks it again on destruction. Not sure if this is good/bad practice... What's the right approach to dealing with this?

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• jquery callback functions failing to finish execution

  - by calumbrodie

  I'm testing a jquery app i've written and have come across some unexpected behaviour $('button.clickme').live('click',function(){ //do x (takes 2 seconds) //do y (takes 4 seconds) //do z (takes 0.5 seconds) }) The event can be triggered by a number of buttons. What I'm finding is that when I click each button slowly (allowing 10 seconds between clicks) - my callback function executes correctly (actions x, y & z complete). However If I rapidly click buttons on my page it appears that the function sometimes only completes up to step x or y before terminating. My question: Is it the case that if this function is fired by a clicking second DOM element, while the first callback function is completing - will jQuery terminate the first callback and start over again? Do I have to write my callback function explicitly outside the event handler and then call it?? function doStuff() { //do x //do y //do z ( } $('button.clickme).live('click',doStuff()) If this is the case can someone explain why this is happening or give me a link to some advice on best practice on closures etc - I'd like to know the BEST way to write jQuery to improve performance etc. Thanks

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• Is unnecessary error handling recommended in business logic? eg. Null check/Percentage limit check etc

  - by novice_at_work

  We usually put unnecessary checks in our business logic to avoid failures. Eg. 1. public ObjectABC funcABC(){ ObjectABC obj = new ObjectABC; .......... .......... //its never set to null here. .......... return obj; } ObjectABC o = funABC(); if(o!=null){ //do something } Why do we need this null check if we are sure that it will never be null? Is it a good practice or not? 2. int pplReached = funA(..,..,..); int totalPpl = funB(..,..,..); funA() just puts a few more restriction over result of funB(). Double percentage = (totalPpl==0||totalPpl<pplReached) ? 0.0 : pplReached/totalPpl; Do we again need this check? The questions is: Aren't we swallowing some fundamental issue by putting such checks? Issues which should be shown ideally, are avoided by putting these checks. What is the recommended way?

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• XSD, restrictions and code generation

  - by bob

  Hello, I'm working on some code generation for an existing project and I want to start from a xsd. So I can use tools as Xsd2Code / xsd.exe to generate the code and also the use the xsd to validate the xml. That part works without any problems. I also want to translate some of the restrictions to DataAnnotations (enrich Xsd2Code). For example xs:minInclusive / xs:maxInclusive I can translate to a RangeAttribute. But what to do with custom validation attributes that we created? Can I add custom facets / restrictions? And how? Or is there another solution / best practice. I would like to collect everything in a single (xsd) file so that one file contains the structure of the class (model) including the validation (attributes) that has to be added. <xs:element name="CertainValue"> <xs:simpleType> <xs:restriction base="xs:double"> <xs:minInclusive value="1" /> <xs:maxInclusive value="100" /> <xs_custom:customRule attribute="value" /> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> </xs:element>

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• Does everything after my try statement have to be encompassed in that try statement to access variab

  - by Mithrax

  I'm learning java and one thing I've found that I don't like, is generally when I have code like this: import java.util.*; import java.io.*; public class GraphProblem { public static void main(String[] args) { if (args.length < 2) { System.out.println("Error: Please specify a graph file!"); return; } FileReader in = new FileReader(args[1]); Scanner input = new Scanner(in); int size = input.nextInt(); WeightedGraph graph = new WeightedGraph(size); for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) { graph.setLabel(i,Character.toString((char)('A' + i))); } for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < size; j++) { graph.addEdge(i, j, input.nextInt()); } } // .. lots more code } } I have an uncaught exception around my FileReader. So, I have to wrap it in a try-catch to catch that specific exception. My question is does that try { } have to encompass everything after that in my method that wants to use either my FileReader (in) or my Scanner (input)? If I don't wrap the whole remainder of the program in that try statement, then anything outside of it can't access the in/input because it may of not been initialized or has been initialized outside of its scope. So I can't isolate the try-catch to just say the portion that intializes the FileReader and close the try statement immediately after that. So, is it the "best practice" to have the try statement wrapping all portions of the code that are going to access variables initialized in it? Thanks!

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• What characters are NOT escaped with a mysqli prepared statement?

  - by barfoon

  Hey everyone, I'm trying to harden some of my PHP code and use mysqli prepared statements to better validate user input and prevent injection attacks. I switched away from mysqli_real_escape_string as it does not escape % and _. However, when I create my query as a mysqli prepared statement, the same flaw is still present. The query pulls a users salt value based on their username. I'd do something similar for passwords and other lookups. Code: $db = new sitedatalayer(); if ($stmt = $db->_conn->prepare("SELECT `salt` FROM admins WHERE `username` LIKE ? LIMIT 1")) { $stmt->bind_param('s', $username); $stmt->execute(); $stmt->bind_result($salt); while ($stmt->fetch()) { printf("%s\n", $salt); } $stmt->close(); } else return false; Am I composing the statement correctly? If I am what other characters need to be examined? What other flaws are there? What is best practice for doing these types of selects? Thanks,

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• Is Google Mock a good mocking framework ?

  - by des4maisons

  I am pioneering unit testing efforts at my company, and need need to choose a mocking framework to use. I have never used a mocking framework before. We have already chosen Google Test, so using Google Mock would be nice. However, my initial impressions after looking at Google Mock's tutorial are: The need for re-declaring each method in the mocking class with a MOCK_METHODn macro seems unnecessary and seems to go against the DRY principle. Their matchers (eg, the '_' in EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(_));) and the order of matching seem almost too powerful. Like, it would be easy to say something you don't mean, and miss bugs that way. I have high confidence in google's developers, and low confidence in my own ability to judge mocking frameworks, never having used them before. So my question is: Are these valid concerns? Or is there no better way to define a mock object, and are the matchers intuitive to use in practice? I would appreciate answers from anyone who has used Google Mock before, and comparisons to other C++ frameworks would be helpful.

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• Using different numeric variable types

  - by DataPimp

  Im still pretty new so bear with me on this one, my question(s) are not meant to be argumentative or petty but during some reading something struck me as odd. Im under the assumption that when computers were slow and memory was expensive using the correct variable type was much more of a necessity than it is today. Now that memory is a bit easier to come by people seem to have relaxed a bit. For example, you see this sample code everywhere: for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) int? (-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,648) for length? Isnt byte (0-255) a better choice? So Im curious of your opinion and what you believe to be best practice, I hate to think this would be used only because the acronym "int" is more intuitive for a beginner...or has memory just become so cheap that we really dont need to concern ourselves with such petty things and therefore we should just use long so we can be sure any other numbers/types(within reason) used can be cast automagically? ...or am Im just being silly by concerning myself with such things?

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• C# performance methods of receiving data from a socket?

  - by Daniel

  Lets assume we have a simple internet socket, and its going to send 10 megabytes (because i want to ignore memory issues) of random data through. Is there any performance difference or a best practice method that one should use for receiving data? The final output data should be represented by a byte[]. Yes i know writing an arbitrary amount of data to memory is bad, and if I was downloading a large file i wouldn't be doing it like this. But for argument sake lets ignore that and assume its a smallish amount of data. I also realise that the bottleneck here is probably not the memory management but rather the socket receiving. I just want to know what would be the most efficient method of receiving data. A few dodgy ways can think of is: Have a List and a buffer, after the buffer is full, add it to the list and at the end list.ToArray() to get the byte[] Write the buffer to a memory stream, after its complete construct a byte[] of the stream.Length and read it all into it in order to get the byte[] output. Is there a more efficient/better way of doing this?

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• DB Design to store custom fields for a table

  - by Fazal

  Hi All, this question came up based on the responses I got for the question http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2785033/getting-wierd-issue-with-to-number-function-in-oracle As everyone suggested that storing Numeric values in VARCHAR2 columns is not a good practice (which I totally agree with), I am wondering about a basic Design choice our team has made and whether there are better way to design. Problem Statement : We Have many tables where we want to give certain number of custom fields. The number of required custom fields is known, but what kind of attribute is mapped to the column is available to the user E.g. I am putting down a hypothetical scenario below Say you have a laptop which stores 50 attribute values for every laptop record. Each laptop attributes are created by the some admin who creates the laptop. A user created a laptop product lets say lap1 with attributes String, String, numeric, numeric, String Second user created laptop lap2 with attributes String,numeric,String,String,numeric Currently there data in our design gets persisted as following Laptop Table Id Name field1 field2 field3 field4 field5 1 lap1 lappy lappy 12 13 lappy 2 lap2 lappy2 13 lappy2 lapp2 12 This example kind of simulates our requirement and our design Now here if somebody is lookinup records for lap2 table doing a comparison on field2, We need to apply TO_NUMBER. select * from laptop where name='lap2' and TO_NUMBER(field2) < 15 TO_NUMBER fails in some cases when query plan decides to first apply to_number instead of the other filter. QUESTION Is this a valid design? What are the other alternative ways to solve this problem One of our team mates suggested creating tables on the fly for such cases. Is that a good idea How do popular ORM tools give custom fields or flex fields handling? I hope I was able to make sense in the question. Sorry for such a long text.. This causes us to use TO_NUMBER when queryio

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• Simple binary File I/O problem with cstdio(c++)

  - by Atilla Filiz

  The c++ program below fails to read the file. I know using cstdio is not good practice but that what I am used to and it should work anyway. $ ls -l l.uyvy -rw-r--r-- 1 atilla atilla 614400 2010-04-24 18:11 l.uyvy $ ./a.out l.uyvy Read 0 bytes out of 614400, possibly wrong file code: #include<cstdio> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { FILE *fp; if(argc<2) { printf("usage: %s <input>\n",argv[0]); return 1; } fp=fopen(argv[1],"rb"); if(!fp) { printf("erör, cannot open %s for reading\n",argv[1]); return -1; } int bytes_read=fread(imgdata,1,2*IMAGE_SIZE,fp); //2bytes per pixel fclose(fp); if(bytes_read < 2*IMAGE_SIZE) { printf("Read %d bytes out of %d, possibly wrong file\n", bytes_read, 2*IMAGE_SIZE); return -1; } return 0; }

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• Open-sourcing a web site with active users?

  - by Lars Yencken

  I currently run several research-related web-sites with active users, and these sites use some personally identifying information about these users (their email address, IP address, and query history). Ideally I'd release the code to these sites as open source, so that other people could easily run similar sites, and more importantly scrutinise and replicate my work, but I haven't been comfortable doing so, since I'm unsure of the security implications. For example, I wouldn't want my users' details to be accessed or distributed by a third party who found some flaw in my site, something which might be easy to do with full source access. I've tried going half-way by refactoring the (Django) site into more independent modules, and releasing those, but this is very time consuming, and in practice I've never gotten around to releasing enough that a third party can replicate the site(s) easily. I also feel that maybe I'm kidding myself, and that this process is really no different to releasing the full source. What would you recommend in cases like this? Would you open-source the site and take the risk? As an alternative, would you advertise the source as "available upon request" to other researchers, so that you at least know who has the code? Or would you just apologise to them and keep it closed in order to protect users?

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• Code promotion: Enforcing the rules

  - by jbarker7

  So here is our problem: We have a small team of developers with their own ways of doing things-- I am trying to formalize a process in which we are required to promote our code in the following order: Local sandbox Dev UAT Staging Live Developers develop/test as they go on their own sandbox, Dev is its own box that we would use for continuous integration, UAT is another site in IIS on the dev box, which uses our dev database. We then promote to staging, which is a site in IIS on the Live box and using live data (just like the live, hence staging). Then, finally, we promote to live. Here are a few of my questions: 1.) Does this seem to be best practice? If not, what needs to be done differently? 2.) How do I enforce the rules to the developers? Often developers skip steps in order to save time... this should not be tolerated and would be great if it could be physically enforced. 3.) How do I enforce these rules to the business group? The business group just wants to get features out FAST. Do we promote only on certain days? Thanks! Josh

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• Simplest way to mix sequences of types with iostreams?

  - by Kylotan

  I have a function void write<typename T>(const T&) which is implemented in terms of writing the T object to an ostream, and a matching function T read<typename T>() that reads a T from an istream. I am basically using iostreams as a plain text serialisation format, which obviously works fine for most built-in types, although I'm not sure how to effectively handle std::strings just yet. I'd like to be able to write out a sequence of objects too, eg void write<typename T>(const std::vector<T>&) or an iterator based equivalent (although in practice, it would always be used with a vector). However, while writing an overload that iterates over the elements and writes them out is easy enough to do, this doesn't add enough information to allow the matching read operation to know how each element is delimited, which is essentially the same problem that I have with a single std::string. Is there a single approach that can work for all basic types and std::string? Or perhaps I can get away with 2 overloads, one for numerical types, and one for strings? (Either using different delimiters or the string using a delimiter escaping mechanism, perhaps.)

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• How do I switch out Views in a Cocoa application?

  - by David Garcia

  So I'm beginning to learn how to use Cocoa. I think I've pretty much got it but I'm hung up on creating and switching views. I'm rewriting a game I made a little bit ago for practice. All I want is one window (preferably not resizable) and I want to be able to switch out views for different screens in the game. First, I have the main menu (Start Game, High Scores, Exit). Then I need a window for each screen (Gameplay screen, Highscore screen). What I'm getting confused with is how to design this. I looked up NSViewController thinking it manages views but it doesn't. It only manages one view by loading it really. I don't understand why I'd need to use NSViewController then. Couldn't I just have a window class that contains multiple subclasses of NSView and load them like that? I'm not sure I understand the purpose of the ViewController. Does my Window Class really need to subclass NSWindowController? I was trying to follow the example of Apple's ViewController example and it has a window controller class that's a subclass of NSWindowController. I don't see what the purpose was of subclassing that. All NSWindowController seems to add is - initWithPath:(NSString *)newPath but I fail to see the use in that either when I can just edit the plist file to open the window on start up. Apple's example also has an NSView variable and an NSViewController variable. Don't you only need one variable to store the current view? Thanks in advance guys, I'm really confused as to how this works.

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