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  • Convert a list of strings [ '3', '1' , '2'] to a list of sorted integers [ 1, 2, 3] in Python, how?

    - by Shamim
    I have: L1 = ['11', '10', '13', '12', '15', '14', '1', '3', '2', '5', '4', '7', '6', '9', '8'] this is a list of strings, right? I need to make it a list of integers as follows: L2 = [11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14, 1, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8] finally I will sort it like below: L3 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15] by L2.sort() please let me know how I can get to L3 from L1

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  • how to replace strings in file based on values from another file? (example inside)

    - by thaold
    Hi, how to replace strings in file, based on values from another file. Example, 2 files - input, output input: 12345 1 output: (1,'a lot of text', 'some other info',0,null, 12345), (2,'a lot of text', 'some other info',0,null, 12345), (3,'a lot of text', 'some other info',0,null, 12345), (4,'a lot of text', 'some other info',0,null, 12345), (5,'a lot of text', 'some other info',0,null, 12345); Needs to be done: read values from file 'input', and replace all '12345' with '1' in file 'output'. Thanks for help in advance

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  • How can I strip invalid XML characters from strings in Perl?

    - by AndrewR
    I'm looking for what the standard, approved, and robust way of stripping invalid characters from strings before writing them to an XML file. I'm talking here about blocks of text containing backspace (^H) and formfeed characters etc. There has to be a standard library/module function for doing this but I can't find it. I'm using XML::LibXML to build a DOM tree that I then serialize to disk.

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  • Logical Domain Modeling Made Simple

    - by Knut Vatsendvik
    How can logical domain modeling be made simple and collaborative? Many non-technical end-users, managers and business domain experts find it difficult to understand the visual models offered by many UML tools. This creates trouble in capturing and verifying the information that goes into a logical domain model. The tools are also too advanced and complex for a non-technical user to learn and use. We have therefore, in our current project, ended up with using Confluence as tool for designing the logical domain model with the help of a few very useful plugins. Big thanks to Ole Nymoen and Per Spilling for their expertise in this field that made this posting possible. Confluence Plugins Here is a list of Confluence plugins used in this solution. Install these before trying out the macros used below. Plugin Description Copy Space Allows a space administrator to copy a space, including the pages within the space Metadata Supports adding metadata to Wiki pages Label Manages labeling of pages Linking Contains macros for linking to templates, the dashboard and other Table Enhances the table capability in Confluence Creating a Confluence Space First we need to create a new confluence space for the domain model. Click the link Create a Space located below the list of spaces on the Dashboard. Please contact your Confluence administrator is you do not have permissions to do this.   For illustrative purpose all attributes and entities in this posting are based on my imaginary project manager domain model. When a logical domain model is good enough for being implemented, do a copy of the Confluence Space (see Copy Space plugin). In this way you create a stable version of the logical domain model while further design can continue with the new copied space. Typical will the implementation phase result in a database design and/or a XSD schema design. Add Space Templates Go to the Home page of your Confluence Space. Navigate to the Browse drop-down menu and click on Advanced. Then click the Templates option in the left navigation panel. Click Add New Space Template to add the following three templates. Name: attribute {metadata-list} || Name | | || Type | | || Format | | || Description | | {metadata-list} {add-label:attribute} Name: primary-type {metadata-list} || Name | || || Type | || || Format | || || Description | || {metadata-list} {add-label:primary-type} Name: complex-type {metadata-list} || Name | || || Description |  || {metadata-list} h3. Attributes || Name || Type || Format || Description || | [name] | {metadata-from:name|Type} | {metadata-from:name|Format} | {metadata-from:name|Description} | {add-label:complex-type,entity} The metadata-list macro (see Metadata plugin) will save a list of metadata values to the page. The add-label macro (see Label plugin) will automatically label the page. Primary Types Page Our first page to add will act as container for our primary types. Switch to Wiki markup when adding the following content to the page. | (+) {add-page:template=primary-type|parent=@self}Add new primary type{add-page} | {metadata-report:Name,Type,Format,Description|sort=Name|root=@self|pages=@descendents} Once the page is created, click the Add new primary type (create-page macro) to start creating a new pages. Here is an example of input to the LocalDate page. Embrace the LocalDate with square brackets [] to make the page linkable. Again switch to Wiki markup before editing. {metadata-list} || Name | [LocalDate] || || Type | Date || || Format | YYYY-MM-DD || || Description | Date in local time zone. YYYY = year, MM = month and DD = day || {metadata-list} {add-label:primary-type} The metadata-report macro will show a tabular report of all child pages.   Attributes Page The next page will act as container for all of our attributes. | (+) {add-page:template=attribute|parent=@self|title=attribute}Add new attribute{add-page} | {metadata-report:Name,Type,Format,Description|sort=Name|pages=@descendants} Here is an example of input to the startDate page. {metadata-list} || Name | [startDate] || || Type | [LocalDate] || || Format | {metadata-from:LocalDate|Format} || || Description | The projects start date || {metadata-list} {add-label:attribute} Using the metadata-from macro we fetch the text from the previously created LocalDate page. Complex Types Page The last page in this example shows how attributes can be combined together to form more complex types.   h3. Intro Overview of complex types in the domain model. | (+) {add-page:template=complex-type|parent=@self}Add a new complex type{add-page}\\ | {metadata-report:Name,Description|sort=Name|root=@self|pages=@descendents} Here is an example of input to the ProjectType page. {metadata-list} || Name | [ProjectType] || || Description | Represents a project || {metadata-list} h3. Attributes || Name || Type || Format || Description || | [projectId] | {metadata-from:projectId|Type} | {metadata-from:projectId|Format} | {metadata-from:projectId|Description} | | [name] | {metadata-from:name|Type} | {metadata-from:name|Format} | {metadata-from:name|Description} | | [description] | {metadata-from:description|Type} | {metadata-from:description|Format} | {metadata-from:description|Description} | | [startDate] | {metadata-from:startDate|Type} | {metadata-from:startDate|Format} | {metadata-from:startDate|Description} | {add-label:complex-type,entity} Gives us this Conclusion Using a web-based corporate Wiki like Confluence to create a logical domain model increases the collaboration between people with different roles in the enterprise. It’s my believe that this helps the domain model to be more accurate, and better documented. In our real project we have more pages than illustrated here to complete the documentation. We do also still use UML tools to create different types of diagrams that Confluence do not support. As a last tip, an ImageMap plugin can make those diagrams clickable when used in pages. Enjoy!

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  • overload == (and != , of course) operator, can I bypass == to determine whether the object is null

    - by LLS
    Hello, when I try to overload operator == and != in C#, and override Equal as recommended, I found I have no way to distinguish a normal object and null. For example, I defined a class Complex. public static bool operator ==(Complex lhs, Complex rhs) { return lhs.Equals(rhs); } public static bool operator !=(Complex lhs, Complex rhs) { return !lhs.Equals(rhs); } public override bool Equals(object obj) { if (obj is Complex) { return (((Complex)obj).Real == this.Real && ((Complex)obj).Imaginary == this.Imaginary); } else { return false; } } But when I want to use if (temp == null) When temp is really null, some exception happens. And I can't use == to determine whether the lhs is null, which will cause infinite loop. What should I do in this situation. One way I can think of is to us some thing like Class.Equal(object, object) (if it exists) to bypass the == when I do the check. What is the normal way to solve the problem?

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  • How would you organize a large complex web application (see basic example)?

    - by Anurag
    How do you usually organize complex web applications that are extremely rich on the client side. I have created a contrived example to indicate the kind of mess it's easy to get into if things are not managed well for big apps. Feel free to modify/extend this example as you wish - http://jsfiddle.net/NHyLC/1/ The example basically mirrors part of the comment posting on SO, and follows the following rules: Must have 15 characters minimum, after multiple spaces are trimmed out to one. If Add Comment is clicked, but the size is less than 15 after removing multiple spaces, then show a popup with the error. Indicate amount of characters remaining and summarize with color coding. Gray indicates a small comment, brown indicates a medium comment, orange a large comment, and red a comment overflow. One comment can only be submitted every 15 seconds. If comment is submitted too soon, show a popup with appropriate error message. A couple of issues I noticed with this example. This should ideally be a widget or some sort of packaged functionality. Things like a comment per 15 seconds, and minimum 15 character comment belong to some application wide policies rather than being embedded inside each widget. Too many hard-coded values. No code organization. Model, Views, Controllers are all bundled together. Not that MVC is the only approach for organizing rich client side web applications, but there is none in this example. How would you go about cleaning this up? Applying a little MVC/MVP along the way? Here's some of the relevant functions, but it will make more sense if you saw the entire code on jsfiddle: /** * Handle comment change. * Update character count. * Indicate progress */ function handleCommentUpdate(comment) { var status = $('.comment-status'); status.text(getStatusText(comment)); status.removeClass('mild spicy hot sizzling'); status.addClass(getStatusClass(comment)); } /** * Is the comment valid for submission */ function commentSubmittable(comment) { var notTooSoon = !isTooSoon(); var notEmpty = !isEmpty(comment); var hasEnoughCharacters = !isTooShort(comment); return notTooSoon && notEmpty && hasEnoughCharacters; } // submit comment $('.add-comment').click(function() { var comment = $('.comment-box').val(); // submit comment, fake ajax call if(commentSubmittable(comment)) { .. } // show a popup if comment is mostly spaces if(isTooShort(comment)) { if(comment.length < 15) { // blink status message } else { popup("Comment must be at least 15 characters in length."); } } // show a popup is comment submitted too soon else if(isTooSoon()) { popup("Only 1 comment allowed per 15 seconds."); } });

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  • Static background noise while using new headset Ubuntu 13.04

    - by ThundLayr
    Today I bought a new gaming headset (Gx-Gaming Lychas), and when I tried to record some gameplay-comentary I noticed that there always is a static background noise, I just recorded an example so you guys can listen it (no downloaded needed): http://www47.zippyshare.com/v/65167832/file.html I'm using Kubuntu 13.04 and Kernel version is 3.8.0-19, my laptop is an Acer Travelmate 5760Z, I tried tons of configurations on Alsamixer and none of them made result, I really need to get this working so any kind of help will be very aprecciated. cat /proc/asound/cards: 0 [PCH ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel PCH HDA Intel PCH at 0xc6400000 irq 44 cat /proc/asound/card0/codec#0 Codec: Conexant CX20588 Address: 0 AFG Function Id: 0x1 (unsol 1) Vendor Id: 0x14f1506c Subsystem Id: 0x10250574 Revision Id: 0x100003 No Modem Function Group found Default PCM: rates [0x160]: 44100 48000 96000 bits [0xe]: 16 20 24 formats [0x1]: PCM Default Amp-In caps: N/A Default Amp-Out caps: N/A State of AFG node 0x01: Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold CLKSTOP EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 GPIO: io=4, o=0, i=0, unsolicited=1, wake=0 IO[0]: enable=0, dir=0, wake=0, sticky=0, data=0, unsol=0 IO[1]: enable=0, dir=0, wake=0, sticky=0, data=0, unsol=0 IO[2]: enable=0, dir=0, wake=0, sticky=0, data=0, unsol=0 IO[3]: enable=0, dir=0, wake=0, sticky=0, data=0, unsol=0 Node 0x10 [Audio Output] wcaps 0xc1d: Stereo Amp-Out R/L Control: name="Headphone Playback Volume", index=0, device=0 ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=Out, idx=0, ofs=0 Control: name="Headphone Playback Switch", index=0, device=0 ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=Out, idx=0, ofs=0 Device: name="CX20588 Analog", type="Audio", device=0 Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x4a, nsteps=0x4a, stepsize=0x03, mute=1 Amp-Out vals: [0x4a 0x4a] Converter: stream=8, channel=0 PCM: rates [0x560]: 44100 48000 96000 192000 bits [0xe]: 16 20 24 formats [0x1]: PCM Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Node 0x11 [Audio Output] wcaps 0xc1d: Stereo Amp-Out R/L Control: name="Speaker Playback Volume", index=0, device=0 ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=Out, idx=0, ofs=0 Control: name="Speaker Playback Switch", index=0, device=0 ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=Out, idx=0, ofs=0 Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x4a, nsteps=0x4a, stepsize=0x03, mute=1 Amp-Out vals: [0x80 0x80] Converter: stream=8, channel=0 PCM: rates [0x560]: 44100 48000 96000 192000 bits [0xe]: 16 20 24 formats [0x1]: PCM Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Node 0x12 [Audio Output] wcaps 0x611: Stereo Digital Converter: stream=0, channel=0 Digital: Digital category: 0x0 IEC Coding Type: 0x0 PCM: rates [0x160]: 44100 48000 96000 bits [0xe]: 16 20 24 formats [0x5]: PCM AC3 Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Node 0x13 [Beep Generator Widget] wcaps 0x70000c: Mono Amp-Out Control: name="Beep Playback Volume", index=0, device=0 ControlAmp: chs=1, dir=Out, idx=0, ofs=0 Control: name="Beep Playback Switch", index=0, device=0 ControlAmp: chs=1, dir=Out, idx=0, ofs=0 Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x07, nsteps=0x07, stepsize=0x0f, mute=0 Amp-Out vals: [0x00] Node 0x14 [Audio Input] wcaps 0x100d1b: Stereo Amp-In R/L Control: name="Capture Volume", index=0, device=0 ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=In, idx=0, ofs=0 Control: name="Capture Switch", index=0, device=0 ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=In, idx=0, ofs=0 Device: name="CX20588 Analog", type="Audio", device=0 Amp-In caps: ofs=0x4a, nsteps=0x50, stepsize=0x03, mute=1 Amp-In vals: [0x50 0x50] [0x80 0x80] [0x80 0x80] [0x80 0x80] Converter: stream=4, channel=0 SDI-Select: 0 PCM: rates [0x160]: 44100 48000 96000 bits [0xe]: 16 20 24 formats [0x1]: PCM Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Connection: 4 0x17* 0x18 0x23 0x24 Node 0x15 [Audio Input] wcaps 0x100d1b: Stereo Amp-In R/L Amp-In caps: ofs=0x4a, nsteps=0x50, stepsize=0x03, mute=1 Amp-In vals: [0x4a 0x4a] [0x4a 0x4a] [0x4a 0x4a] [0x4a 0x4a] Converter: stream=0, channel=0 SDI-Select: 0 PCM: rates [0x160]: 44100 48000 96000 bits [0xe]: 16 20 24 formats [0x1]: PCM Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Connection: 4 0x17* 0x18 0x23 0x24 Node 0x16 [Audio Input] wcaps 0x100d1b: Stereo Amp-In R/L Amp-In caps: ofs=0x4a, nsteps=0x50, stepsize=0x03, mute=1 Amp-In vals: [0x4a 0x4a] [0x4a 0x4a] [0x4a 0x4a] [0x4a 0x4a] Converter: stream=0, channel=0 SDI-Select: 0 PCM: rates [0x160]: 44100 48000 96000 bits [0xe]: 16 20 24 formats [0x1]: PCM Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Connection: 4 0x17* 0x18 0x23 0x24 Node 0x17 [Audio Selector] wcaps 0x30050d: Stereo Amp-Out Control: name="Mic Boost Volume", index=0, device=0 ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=Out, idx=0, ofs=0 Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x04, stepsize=0x27, mute=0 Amp-Out vals: [0x04 0x04] Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Connection: 4 0x1a 0x1b* 0x1d 0x1e Node 0x18 [Audio Selector] wcaps 0x30050d: Stereo Amp-Out Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x04, stepsize=0x27, mute=0 Amp-Out vals: [0x00 0x00] Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Connection: 4 0x1a* 0x1b 0x1d 0x1e Node 0x19 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400581: Stereo Control: name="Headphone Jack", index=0, device=0 Pincap 0x0000001c: OUT HP Detect Pin Default 0x04214040: [Jack] HP Out at Ext Right Conn = 1/8, Color = Green DefAssociation = 0x4, Sequence = 0x0 Pin-ctls: 0xc0: OUT HP Unsolicited: tag=01, enabled=1 Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Connection: 2 0x10* 0x11 Node 0x1a [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400481: Stereo Control: name="Internal Mic Phantom Jack", index=0, device=0 Pincap 0x00001324: IN Detect Vref caps: HIZ 50 80 Pin Default 0x90a70130: [Fixed] Mic at Int N/A Conn = Analog, Color = Unknown DefAssociation = 0x3, Sequence = 0x0 Misc = NO_PRESENCE Pin-ctls: 0x24: IN VREF_80 Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0 Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Node 0x1b [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400581: Stereo Control: name="Mic Jack", index=0, device=0 Pincap 0x00011334: IN OUT EAPD Detect Vref caps: HIZ 50 80 EAPD 0x0: Pin Default 0x04a19020: [Jack] Mic at Ext Right Conn = 1/8, Color = Pink DefAssociation = 0x2, Sequence = 0x0 Pin-ctls: 0x24: IN VREF_80 Unsolicited: tag=02, enabled=1 Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Connection: 2 0x10* 0x11 Node 0x1c [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400581: Stereo Pincap 0x00000014: OUT Detect Pin Default 0x40f001f0: [N/A] Other at Ext N/A Conn = Unknown, Color = Unknown DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0 Misc = NO_PRESENCE Pin-ctls: 0x40: OUT Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0 Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Connection: 2 0x10* 0x11 Node 0x1d [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400581: Stereo Pincap 0x00010034: IN OUT EAPD Detect EAPD 0x0: Pin Default 0x40f001f0: [N/A] Other at Ext N/A Conn = Unknown, Color = Unknown DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0 Misc = NO_PRESENCE Pin-ctls: 0x40: OUT Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0 Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Connection: 2 0x10* 0x11 Node 0x1e [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400481: Stereo Pincap 0x00000024: IN Detect Pin Default 0x40f001f0: [N/A] Other at Ext N/A Conn = Unknown, Color = Unknown DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0 Misc = NO_PRESENCE Pin-ctls: 0x00: Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0 Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Node 0x1f [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400501: Stereo Control: name="Speaker Phantom Jack", index=0, device=0 Pincap 0x00000010: OUT Pin Default 0x92170110: [Fixed] Speaker at Int Front Conn = Analog, Color = Unknown DefAssociation = 0x1, Sequence = 0x0 Misc = NO_PRESENCE Pin-ctls: 0x40: OUT Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Connection: 2 0x10 0x11* Node 0x20 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400781: Stereo Digital Pincap 0x00000010: OUT Pin Default 0x40f001f0: [N/A] Other at Ext N/A Conn = Unknown, Color = Unknown DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0 Misc = NO_PRESENCE Pin-ctls: 0x00: Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0 Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Connection: 1 0x12 Node 0x21 [Audio Output] wcaps 0x611: Stereo Digital Converter: stream=0, channel=0 Digital: Digital category: 0x0 IEC Coding Type: 0x0 PCM: rates [0x160]: 44100 48000 96000 bits [0xe]: 16 20 24 formats [0x5]: PCM AC3 Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Node 0x22 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400781: Stereo Digital Pincap 0x00000010: OUT Pin Default 0x40f001f0: [N/A] Other at Ext N/A Conn = Unknown, Color = Unknown DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0 Misc = NO_PRESENCE Pin-ctls: 0x00: Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0 Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Connection: 1 0x21 Node 0x23 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40040b: Stereo Amp-In Amp-In caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x04, stepsize=0x2f, mute=0 Amp-In vals: [0x00 0x00] Pincap 0x00000020: IN Pin Default 0x40f001f0: [N/A] Other at Ext N/A Conn = Unknown, Color = Unknown DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0 Misc = NO_PRESENCE Pin-ctls: 0x00: Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Node 0x24 [Audio Mixer] wcaps 0x20050b: Stereo Amp-In Amp-In caps: ofs=0x4a, nsteps=0x4a, stepsize=0x03, mute=1 Amp-In vals: [0x00 0x00] [0x00 0x00] Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold EPSS Power: setting=D0, actual=D0 Connection: 2 0x10 0x11 Node 0x25 [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono

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  • Complex Rails queries across multiple tables, unions, and will_paginate. Solved.

    - by uberllama
    Hi folks. I've been working on a complex "user feed" type of functionality for a while now, and after experimenting with various union plugins, hacking named scopes, and brute force, have arrived at a solution I'm happy with. S.O. has been hugely helpful for me, so I thought I'd post it here in hopes that it might help others and also to get feedback -- it's very possible that I worked on this so long that I walked down an unnecessarily complicated road. For the sake of my example, I'll use users, groups, and articles. A user can follow other users to get a feed of their articles. They can also join groups and get a feed of articles that have been added to those groups. What I needed was a combined, pageable feed of distinct articles from a user's contacts and groups. Let's begin. user.rb has_many :articles has_many :contacts has_many :contacted_users, :through => :contacts has_many :memberships has_many :groups, :through => :memberships contact.rb belongs_to :user belongs_to :contacted_user, :class_name => "User", :foreign_key => "contacted_user_id" article.rb belongs_to :user has_many :submissions has_many :groups, :through => :submissions group.rb has_many :memberships has_many :users, :through => :memberships has_many :submissions has_many :articles, :through => :submissions Those are the basic models that define my relationships. Now, I add two named scopes to the Article model so that I can get separate feeds of both contact articles and group articles should I desire. article.rb # Get all articles by user's contacts named_scope :by_contacts, lambda {|user| {:joins => "inner join contacts on articles.user_id = contacts.contacted_user_id", :conditions => ["articles.published = 1 and contacts.user_id = ?", user.id]} } # Get all articles in user's groups. This does an additional query to get the user's group IDs, then uses those in an IN clause named_scope :by_groups, lambda {|user| {:select => "DISTINCT articles.*", :joins => :submissions, :conditions => {:submissions => {:group_id => user.group_ids}}} } Now I have to create a method that will provide a UNION of these two feeds into one. Since I'm using Rails 2.3.5, I have to use the construct_finder_sql method to render a scope into its base sql. In Rails 3.0, I could use the to_sql method. user.rb def feed "(#{Article.by_groups(self).send(:construct_finder_sql,{})}) UNION (#{Article.by_contacts(self).send(:construct_finder_sql,{})})" end And finally, I can now call this method and paginate it from my controller using will_paginate's paginate_by_sql method. HomeController.rb @articles = Article.paginate_by_sql(current_user.feed, :page => 1) And we're done! It may seem simple now, but it was a lot of work getting there. Feedback is always appreciated. In particular, it would be great to get away from some of the raw sql hacking. Cheers.

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  • Why doesn't my implementation of ElGamal work for long text strings?

    - by angstrom91
    I'm playing with the El Gamal cryptosystem, and my goal is to be able to encipher and decipher long sequences of text. I have come up with a method that works for short sequences, but does not work for long sequences, and I cannot figure out why. El Gamal requires the plaintext to be an integer. I have turned my string into a byte[] using the .getBytes() method for Strings, and then created a BigInteger out of the byte[]. After encryption/decryption, I turn the BigInteger into a byte[] using the .toByteArray() method for BigIntegers, and then create a new String object from the byte[]. This works perfectly when i call ElGamalEncipher with strings up to 129 characters. With 130 or more characters, the output produced from ElGamalDecipher is garbled. Can someone suggest how to solve this issue? Is this an issue with my method of turning the string into a BigInteger? If so, is there a better way to turn my string of text into a BigInteger and back? Below is my encipher/decipher code with a program to demonstrate the problem. import java.math.BigInteger; public class Main { static BigInteger P = new BigInteger("15893293927989454301918026303382412" + "2586402937727056707057089173871237566896685250125642378268385842" + "6917261652781627945428519810052550093673226849059197769795219973" + "9423619267147615314847625134014485225178547696778149706043781174" + "2873134844164791938367765407368476144402513720666965545242487520" + "288928241768306844169"); static BigInteger G = new BigInteger("33234037774370419907086775226926852" + "1714093595439329931523707339920987838600777935381196897157489391" + "8360683761941170467795379762509619438720072694104701372808513985" + "2267495266642743136795903226571831274837537691982486936010899433" + "1742996138863988537349011363534657200181054004755211807985189183" + "22832092343085067869"); static BigInteger R = new BigInteger("72294619754760174015019300613282868" + "7219874058383991405961870844510501809885568825032608592198728334" + "7842806755320938980653857292210955880919036195738252708294945320" + "3969657021169134916999794791553544054426668823852291733234236693" + "4178738081619274342922698767296233937873073756955509269717272907" + "8566607940937442517"); static BigInteger A = new BigInteger("32189274574111378750865973746687106" + "3695160924347574569923113893643975328118502246784387874381928804" + "6865920942258286938666201264395694101012858796521485171319748255" + "4630425677084511454641229993833255506759834486100188932905136959" + "7287419551379203001848457730376230681693887924162381650252270090" + "28296990388507680954"); public static void main(String[] args) { FewChars(); System.out.println(); ManyChars(); } public static void FewChars() { //ElGamalEncipher(String plaintext, BigInteger p, BigInteger g, BigInteger r) BigInteger[] cipherText = ElGamal.ElGamalEncipher("This is a string " + "of 129 characters which works just fine . This is a string " + "of 129 characters which works just fine . This is a s", P, G, R); System.out.println("This is a string of 129 characters which works " + "just fine . This is a string of 129 characters which works " + "just fine . This is a s"); //ElGamalDecipher(BigInteger c, BigInteger d, BigInteger a, BigInteger p) System.out.println("The decrypted text is: " + ElGamal.ElGamalDecipher(cipherText[0], cipherText[1], A, P)); } public static void ManyChars() { //ElGamalEncipher(String plaintext, BigInteger p, BigInteger g, BigInteger r) BigInteger[] cipherText = ElGamal.ElGamalEncipher("This is a string " + "of 130 characters which doesn’t work! This is a string of " + "130 characters which doesn’t work! This is a string of ", P, G, R); System.out.println("This is a string of 130 characters which doesn’t " + "work! This is a string of 130 characters which doesn’t work!" + " This is a string of "); //ElGamalDecipher(BigInteger c, BigInteger d, BigInteger a, BigInteger p) System.out.println("The decrypted text is: " + ElGamal.ElGamalDecipher(cipherText[0], cipherText[1], A, P)); } } import java.math.BigInteger; import java.security.SecureRandom; public class ElGamal { public static BigInteger[] ElGamalEncipher(String plaintext, BigInteger p, BigInteger g, BigInteger r) { // returns a BigInteger[] cipherText // cipherText[0] is c // cipherText[1] is d SecureRandom sr = new SecureRandom(); BigInteger[] cipherText = new BigInteger[2]; BigInteger pText = new BigInteger(plaintext.getBytes()); // 1: select a random integer k such that 1 <= k <= p-2 BigInteger k = new BigInteger(p.bitLength() - 2, sr); // 2: Compute c = g^k(mod p) BigInteger c = g.modPow(k, p); // 3: Compute d= P*r^k = P(g^a)^k(mod p) BigInteger d = pText.multiply(r.modPow(k, p)).mod(p); // C =(c,d) is the ciphertext cipherText[0] = c; cipherText[1] = d; return cipherText; } public static String ElGamalDecipher(BigInteger c, BigInteger d, BigInteger a, BigInteger p) { //returns the plaintext enciphered as (c,d) // 1: use the private key a to compute the least non-negative residue // of an inverse of (c^a)' (mod p) BigInteger z = c.modPow(a, p).modInverse(p); BigInteger P = z.multiply(d).mod(p); byte[] plainTextArray = P.toByteArray(); return new String(plainTextArray); } }

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  • Entity Framework version 1- Brief Synopsis and Tips &ndash; Part 1

    - by Rohit Gupta
    To Do Eager loading use Projections (for e.g. from c in context.Contacts select c, c.Addresses)  or use Include Query Builder Methods (Include(“Addresses”)) If there is multi-level hierarchical Data then to eager load all the relationships use Include Query Builder methods like customers.Include("Order.OrderDetail") to include Order and OrderDetail collections or use customers.Include("Order.OrderDetail.Location") to include all Order, OrderDetail and location collections with a single include statement =========================================================================== If the query uses Joins then Include() Query Builder method will be ignored, use Nested Queries instead If the query does projections then Include() Query Builder method will be ignored Use Address.ContactReference.Load() OR Contact.Addresses.Load() if you need to Deferred Load Specific Entity – This will result in extra round trips to the database ObjectQuery<> cannot return anonymous types... it will return a ObjectQuery<DBDataRecord> Only Include method can be added to Linq Query Methods Any Linq Query method can be added to Query Builder methods. If you need to append a Query Builder Method (other than Include) after a LINQ method  then cast the IQueryable<Contact> to ObjectQuery<Contact> and then append the Query Builder method to it =========================================================================== Query Builder methods are Select, Where, Include Methods which use Entity SQL as parameters e.g. "it.StartDate, it.EndDate" When Query Builder methods do projection then they return ObjectQuery<DBDataRecord>, thus to iterate over this collection use contact.Item[“Name”].ToString() When Linq To Entities methods do projection, they return collection of anonymous types --- thus the collection is strongly typed and supports Intellisense EF Object Context can track changes only on Entities, not on Anonymous types. If you use a Defining Query for a EntitySet then the EntitySet becomes readonly since a Defining Query is the same as a View (which is treated as a ReadOnly by default). However if you want to use this EntitySet for insert/update/deletes then we need to map stored procs (as created in the DB) to the insert/update/delete functions of the Entity in the Designer You can use either Execute method or ToList() method to bind data to datasources/bindingsources If you use the Execute Method then remember that you can traverse through the ObjectResult<> collection (returned by Execute) only ONCE. In WPF use ObservableCollection to bind to data sources , for keeping track of changes and letting EF send updates to the DB automatically. Use Extension Methods to add logic to Entities. For e.g. create extension methods for the EntityObject class. Create a method in ObjectContext Partial class and pass the entity as a parameter, then call this method as desired from within each entity. ================================================================ DefiningQueries and Stored Procedures: For Custom Entities, one can use DefiningQuery or Stored Procedures. Thus the Custom Entity Collection will be populated using the DefiningQuery (of the EntitySet) or the Sproc. If you use Sproc to populate the EntityCollection then the query execution is immediate and this execution happens on the Server side and any filters applied will be applied in the Client App. If we use a DefiningQuery then these queries are composable, meaning the filters (if applied to the entityset) will all be sent together as a single query to the DB, returning only filtered results. If the sproc returns results that cannot be mapped to existing entity, then we first create the Entity/EntitySet in the CSDL using Designer, then create a dummy Entity/EntitySet using XML in the SSDL. When creating a EntitySet in the SSDL for this dummy entity, use a TSQL that does not return any results, but does return the relevant columns e.g. select ContactID, FirstName, LastName from dbo.Contact where 1=2 Also insure that the Entity created in the SSDL uses the SQL DataTypes and not .NET DataTypes. If you are unable to open the EDMX file in the designer then note the Errors ... they will give precise info on what is wrong. The Thrid option is to simply create a Native Query in the SSDL using <Function Name="PaymentsforContact" IsComposable="false">   <CommandText>SELECT ActivityId, Activity AS ActivityName, ImagePath, Category FROM dbo.Activities </CommandText></FuncTion> Then map this Function to a existing Entity. This is a quick way to get a custom Entity which is regular Entity with renamed columns or additional columns (which are computed columns). The disadvantage to using this is that It will return all the rows from the Defining query and any filter (if defined) will be applied only at the Client side (after getting all the rows from DB). If you you DefiningQuery instead then we can use that as a Composable Query. The Fourth option (for mapping a READ stored proc results to a non-existent Entity) is to create a View in the Database which returns all the fields that the sproc also returns, then update the Model so that the model contains this View as a Entity. Then map the Read Sproc to this View Entity. The other option would be to simply create the View and remove the sproc altogether. ================================================================ To Execute a SProc that does not return a entity, use a EntityCommand to execute that proc. You cannot call a sproc FunctionImport that does not return Entities From Code, the only way is to use SSDL function calls using EntityCommand.  This changes with EntityFramework Version 4 where you can return Scalar Types, Complex Types, Entities or NonQuery ================================================================ UDF when created as a Function in SSDL, we need to set the Name & IsComposable properties for the Function element. IsComposable is always false for Sprocs, for UDF's set this to true. You cannot call UDF "Function" from within code since you cannot import a UDF Function into the CSDL Model (with Version 1 of EF). only stored procedures can be imported and then mapped to a entity ================================================================ Entity Framework requires properties that are involved in association mappings to be mapped in all of the function mappings for the entity (Insert, Update and Delete). Because Payment has an association to Reservation... hence we need to pass both the paymentId and reservationId to the Delete sproc even though just the paymentId is the PK on the Payment Table. ================================================================ When mapping insert, update and delete procs to a Entity, insure that all the three or none are mapped. Further if you have a base class and derived class in the CSDL, then you must map (ins, upd, del) sprocs to all parent and child entities in the inheritance relationship. Note that this limitation that base and derived entity methods must all must be mapped does not apply when you are mapping Read Stored Procedures.... ================================================================ You can write stored procedures SQL directly into the SSDL by creating a Function element in the SSDL and then once created, you can map this Function to a CSDL Entity directly in the designer during Function Import ================================================================ You can do Entity Splitting such that One Entity maps to multiple tables in the DB. For e.g. the Customer Entity currently derives from Contact Entity...in addition it also references the ContactPersonalInfo Entity. One can copy all properties from the ContactPersonalInfo Entity into the Customer Entity and then Delete the CustomerPersonalInfo entity, finall one needs to map the copied properties to the ContactPersonalInfo Table in Table Mapping (by adding another table (ContactPersonalInfo) to the Table Mapping... this is called Entity Splitting. Thus now when you insert a Customer record, it will automatically create SQL to insert records into the Contact, Customers and ContactPersonalInfo tables even though you have a Single Entity called Customer in the CSDL =================================================================== There is Table by Type Inheritance where another EDM Entity can derive from another EDM entity and absorb the inherted entities properties, for example in the Break Away Geek Adventures EDM, the Customer entity derives (inherits) from the Contact Entity and absorbs all the properties of Contact entity. Thus when you create a Customer Entity in Code and then call context.SaveChanges the Object Context will first create the TSQL to insert into the Contact Table followed by a TSQL to insert into the Customer table =================================================================== Then there is the Table per Hierarchy Inheritance..... where different types are created based on a condition (similar applying a condition to filter a Entity to contain filtered records)... the diference being that the filter condition populates a new Entity Type (derived from the base Entity). In the BreakAway sample the example is Lodging Entity which is a Abstract Entity and Then Resort and NonResort Entities which derive from Lodging Entity and records are filtered based on the value of the Resort Boolean field =================================================================== Then there is Table per Concrete Type Hierarchy where we create a concrete Entity for each table in the database. In the BreakAway sample there is a entity for the Reservation table and another Entity for the OldReservation table even though both the table contain the same number of fields. The OldReservation Entity can then inherit from the Reservation Entity and configure the OldReservation Entity to remove all Scalar Properties from the Entity (since it inherits the properties from Reservation and filters based on ReservationDate field) =================================================================== Complex Types (Complex Properties) Entities in EF can also contain Complex Properties (in addition to Scalar Properties) and these Complex Properties reference a ComplexType (not a EntityType) DropdownList, ListBox, RadioButtonList, CheckboxList, Bulletedlist are examples of List server controls (not data bound controls) these controls cannot use Complex properties during databinding, they need Scalar Properties. So if a Entity contains Complex properties and you need to bind those to list server controls then use projections to return Scalar properties and bind them to the control (the disadvantage is that projected collections are not tracked by the Object Context and hence cannot persist changes to the projected collections bound to controls) ObjectDataSource and EntityDataSource do account for Complex properties and one can bind entities with Complex Properties to Data Source controls and they will be tracked for changes... with no additional plumbing needed to persist changes to these collections bound to controls So DataBound controls like GridView, FormView need to use EntityDataSource or ObjectDataSource as a datasource for entities that contain Complex properties so that changes to the datasource done using the GridView can be persisted to the DB (enabling the controls for updates)....if you cannot use the EntityDataSource you need to flatten the ComplexType Properties using projections With EF Version 4 ComplexTypes are supported by the Designer and can add/remove/compose Complex Types directly using the Designer =================================================================== Conditional Mapping ... is like Table per Hierarchy Inheritance where Entities inherit from a base class and then used conditions to populate the EntitySet (called conditional Mapping). Conditional Mapping has limitations since you can only use =, is null and IS NOT NULL Conditions to do conditional mapping. If you need more operators for filtering/mapping conditionally then use QueryView(or possibly Defining Query) to create a readonly entity. QueryView are readonly by default... the EntitySet created by the QueryView is enabled for change tracking by the ObjectContext, however the ObjectContext cannot create insert/update/delete TSQL statements for these Entities when SaveChanges is called since it is QueryView. One way to get around this limitation is to map stored procedures for the insert/update/delete operations in the Designer. =================================================================== Difference between QueryView and Defining Query : QueryView is defined in the (MSL) Mapping File/section of the EDM XML, whereas the DefiningQuery is defined in the store schema (SSDL). QueryView is written using Entity SQL and is this database agnostic and can be used against any database/Data Layer. DefiningQuery is written using Database Lanaguage i.e. TSQL or PSQL thus you have more control =================================================================== Performance: Lazy loading is deferred loading done automatically. lazy loading is supported with EF version4 and is on by default. If you need to turn it off then use context.ContextOptions.lazyLoadingEnabled = false To improve Performance consider PreCompiling the ObjectQuery using the CompiledQuery.Compile method

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  • [PHP] Sanitizing strings to make them URL and filename safe?

    - by Xeoncross
    I am trying to come up with a function that does a good job of sanitizing certain strings so that they are safe to use in the URL (like a post slug) and also safe to use as file names. For example, when someone uploads a file I want to make sure that I remove all dangerous characters from the name. So far I have come up with the following function which I hope solves this problem and also allows foreign UTF-8 data also. /** * Convert a string to the file/URL safe "slug" form * * @param string $string the string to clean * @param bool $is_filename TRUE will allow additional filename characters * @return string */ function sanitize($string = '', $is_filename = FALSE) { // Replace all weird characters with dashes preg_replace('/[^\w\-'. ($is_filename ? '*~_\.' : ''). ']+/u', '-', $string); // Only allow one dash separator at a time (and make string lowercase) return mb_strtolower(preg_replace('/--+/u', '-', $string), 'UTF-8'); } Does anyone have any tricky sample data I can run against this - or know of a better way to safeguard our apps from bad names?

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  • How to encrypt/decrypt multiple strings in AES encryption??

    - by sebby_zml
    hello again everyone, i would like to know if i could encrypt two or more strings in AES encryption. let say, i want to encrypt username, password and nonce_value, can i use the following code? try{ String codeWord = username, password, nonceInString; String encryptedData = aseEncryptDecrypt.encrypt(codeWord); String decryptedData = aseEncryptDecrypt.decrypt(encryptedData); System.out.println("Encrypted : " + encryptedData); System.out.println("Decrypted : " + decryptedData); }catch (Throwable e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } thanks in advance. your suggestions and guidance will be very helpful for me.

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  • Why doesn't my implementation of El Gamal work for long text strings?

    - by angstrom91
    I'm playing with the El Gamal cryptosystem, and my goal is to be able to encipher and decipher long sequences of text. I have come up with a method that works for short sequences, but does not work for long sequences, and I cannot figure out why. El Gamal requires the plaintext to be an integer. I have turned my string into a byte[] using the .getBytes() method for Strings, and then created a BigInteger out of the byte[]. After encryption/decryption, I turn the BigInteger into a byte[] using the .toByteArray() method for BigIntegers, and then create a new String object from the byte[]. This works perfectly when i call ElGamalEncipher with strings up to 129 characters. With 130 or more characters, the output produced is garbled. Can someone suggest how to solve this issue? Is this an issue with my method of turning the string into a BigInteger? If so, is there a better way to turn my string of text into a BigInteger and back? Below is my encipher/decipher code with a program to demonstrate the problem. import java.math.BigInteger; public class Main { static BigInteger P = new BigInteger("15893293927989454301918026303382412" + "2586402937727056707057089173871237566896685250125642378268385842" + "6917261652781627945428519810052550093673226849059197769795219973" + "9423619267147615314847625134014485225178547696778149706043781174" + "2873134844164791938367765407368476144402513720666965545242487520" + "288928241768306844169"); static BigInteger G = new BigInteger("33234037774370419907086775226926852" + "1714093595439329931523707339920987838600777935381196897157489391" + "8360683761941170467795379762509619438720072694104701372808513985" + "2267495266642743136795903226571831274837537691982486936010899433" + "1742996138863988537349011363534657200181054004755211807985189183" + "22832092343085067869"); static BigInteger R = new BigInteger("72294619754760174015019300613282868" + "7219874058383991405961870844510501809885568825032608592198728334" + "7842806755320938980653857292210955880919036195738252708294945320" + "3969657021169134916999794791553544054426668823852291733234236693" + "4178738081619274342922698767296233937873073756955509269717272907" + "8566607940937442517"); static BigInteger A = new BigInteger("32189274574111378750865973746687106" + "3695160924347574569923113893643975328118502246784387874381928804" + "6865920942258286938666201264395694101012858796521485171319748255" + "4630425677084511454641229993833255506759834486100188932905136959" + "7287419551379203001848457730376230681693887924162381650252270090" + "28296990388507680954"); public static void main(String[] args) { FewChars(); System.out.println(); ManyChars(); } public static void FewChars() { //ElGamalEncipher(String plaintext, BigInteger p, BigInteger g, BigInteger r) BigInteger[] cipherText = ElGamal.ElGamalEncipher("This is a string " + "of 129 characters which works just fine . This is a string " + "of 129 characters which works just fine . This is a s", P, G, R); System.out.println("This is a string of 129 characters which works " + "just fine . This is a string of 129 characters which works " + "just fine . This is a s"); //ElGamalDecipher(BigInteger c, BigInteger d, BigInteger a, BigInteger p) String output = ElGamal.ElGamalDecipher(cipherText[0], cipherText[1], A, P); System.out.println("The decrypted text is: " + output); } public static void ManyChars() { //ElGamalEncipher(String plaintext, BigInteger p, BigInteger g, BigInteger r) BigInteger[] cipherText = ElGamal.ElGamalEncipher("This is a string " + "of 130 characters which doesn’t work! This is a string of " + "130 characters which doesn’t work! This is a string of ", P, G, R); System.out.println("This is a string of 130 characters which doesn’t " + "work! This is a string of 130 characters which doesn’t work!" + " This is a string of "); //ElGamalDecipher(BigInteger c, BigInteger d, BigInteger a, BigInteger p) String output = ElGamal.ElGamalDecipher(cipherText[0], cipherText[1], A, P); System.out.println("The decrypted text is: " + output); } } import java.math.BigInteger; import java.security.SecureRandom; public class ElGamal { public static BigInteger[] ElGamalEncipher(String plaintext, BigInteger p, BigInteger g, BigInteger r) { // returns a BigInteger[] cipherText // cipherText[0] is c // cipherText[1] is d SecureRandom sr = new SecureRandom(); BigInteger[] cipherText = new BigInteger[2]; BigInteger pText = new BigInteger(plaintext.getBytes()); // 1: select a random integer k such that 1 <= k <= p-2 BigInteger k = new BigInteger(p.bitLength() - 2, sr); // 2: Compute c = g^k(mod p) BigInteger c = g.modPow(k, p); // 3: Compute d= P*r^k = P(g^a)^k(mod p) BigInteger d = pText.multiply(r.modPow(k, p)).mod(p); // C =(c,d) is the ciphertext cipherText[0] = c; cipherText[1] = d; return cipherText; } public static String ElGamalDecipher(BigInteger c, BigInteger d, BigInteger a, BigInteger p) { //returns the plaintext enciphered as (c,d) // 1: use the private key a to compute the least non-negative residue // of an inverse of (c^a)' (mod p) BigInteger z = c.modPow(a, p).modInverse(p); BigInteger P = z.multiply(d).mod(p); byte[] plainTextArray = P.toByteArray(); return new String(plainTextArray); } }

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  • Is there any JavaScript Library to intelligently truncate strings?

    - by j0ker
    I need to truncate strings in a side menu to make the fit into a div without a linebreak. The divs have a fixed width. I'm looking for a library to do that for me. If a string is too long to fit into the div, it should be truncated like: <div>This string is too long</div> == <div>This string is...ong</div> As you can see, the string is not only truncated by an ellipsis but the last three letters are also visible. This is meant to increase readability. The truncation should not care about spaces. Does anyone know of a library that includes such functionality? We're mainly using jQuery throughout the project. Thanks in advance!

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  • How does Linq-to-Xml convert objects to strings?

    - by Eamon Nerbonne
    Linq-to-Xml contains lots of methods that allow you to add arbitrary objects to an xml tree. These objects are converted to strings by some means, but I can't seem to find the specification of how this occurs. The conversion I'm referring to is mentioned (but not specified) in MSDN. I happen to need this for javascript interop, but that doesn't much matter to the question. Linq to Xml isn't just calling .ToString(). Firstly, it'll accept null elements, and secondly, it's doing things no .ToString() implementation does: For example: new XElement("elem",true).ToString() == "<elem>true</elem>" //but... true.ToString() == "True" //IIRC, this is culture invariant, but in any case... true.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) == "True" Other basic data types are similarly specially treated. So, does anybody know what it's doing and where that's described?

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  • Is there any legitimate use for bare strings in PHP?

    - by Robert
    This question got me thinking about bare strings. When PHP sees a string that's not enclosed in quotes, it first checks to see if it's a constant. If not, it just assumes it's a string and goes on anyway. So for example if I have echo $foo[bar]; If there's a constant called bar it uses that for the array key, but if not then it treats bar as a bare string, so it behaves just like echo $foo["bar"]; This can cause all kinds of problems if at some future date a constant is added with the same name. My question is, is there any situation in which it actually makes sense to use a bare string?

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  • Is using value converters to generate GUI-friendly strings a misuse of value converters?

    - by tempy
    Currently, I use value converters to generate user-friendly strings for the GUI. As an example, I have a window that displays the number of available entities in the status bar. The Viewmodel simply has an int dependency property that the calling code can set, and then on the binding for the textbox that displays the number of entities, I specify the int dependency property and a value converter that changes "x" into "x entities available". My code is starting to become littered with these converters, and I have a large number of annoying resource declarations in my XAML, and yet I like them because all the GUI-specific string formatting is being isolated in the converters and the calling code doesn't have to worry about it. But still, I wonder if this is not the purpose that value converters were made for.

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