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  • Does a single LACP channel over multiple switches increase redundancy?

    - by Sirch
    I am curious for opinions, findings, or evidence that having multiple interfaces bonded using LACP to ports in multiple switches can increase redundancy. Previously bonded interfaces have always been to a single switch, with a redundant channel to another port. Without getting into vendor specifics, my thought is that as this is a single LACP, the likelihood that an event or change could lead to a wide service outage. Without having the spare equipment or time to test this single channel over diverse switches, could anyone with a greater networking knowledge than myself, tell me if there a network side event that would bring down the network connectivity to a server that had created a bonded interface to two ports on separate switches? Does the use of bonded ethernet channels across multiple switches (that we are advised that we can use) from the server, provide both improved throughput (unquestionably), and improved redundancy (uncertain). Could/would network events such as switch failure, port migration, patching, recovery, etc, cause the channel for both server network interfaces to be unavailable? Thanks in advance.

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  • Putting two physical hard drives in a single 2.5" bay?

    - by dgw
    My crazy brain came up with this ridiculous idea. "Why can't I have a single 2.5" drive device that actually contains two independent hard drives? I want RAID 1 data mirroring and the security of having redundant drives. This is a thing that must exist!" To be clear, I am not asking if I can somehow shoehorn two 2.5" drives into a single bay, replace an optical drive with an additional HDD, or anything like that. What I have in mind is a single 2.5"-form-factor device that houses two independent hard drives, with separate housings (likely) and distinct controllers. Probably all they'd need to share is the power & SATA connections. Probably no such thing exists, but because I know there exist hard drives the physical size of a stack of postage stamps (roughly), I have to ask.

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  • Remove multiple trailing slashes in a single 301 in .htaccess?

    - by Jakobud
    There is a similar question here, but the solution does not work in Apache for our site. I'm trying to remove multiple trailing slashes from URLs on our site. I found some .htaccess code that seems to work: RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^(.*)//(.*)$ RewriteRule . %1/%2 [R=301,L] This rule removes multiple slashes from anywhere in the URL: http://www.mysite.com/category/accessories//// becomes http://www.mysite.com/category/accessories/ However, it redirects once for every extra slash. So: http://www.mysite.com/category/accessories/////// 301 Redirects to http://www.mysite.com/category/accessories////// 301 Redirects to http://www.mysite.com/category/accessories///// 301 Redirects to http://www.mysite.com/category/accessories//// 301 Redirects to http://www.mysite.com/category/accessories/// 301 Redirects to http://www.mysite.com/category/accessories// 301 Redirects to http://www.mysite.com/category/accessories/ Is it possible to rewrite this rule so that it does it all in a single 301 redirect? Also, this above directive does not work at the root level of our site: http://www.mysite.com///// does not redirect but it should.

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  • Does Google include the time to load images, for a single page, as part of the page speed?

    - by Pure.Krome
    we all know that Google's affects your page rank with the load time of a page. How? That's part of the secret sauce. But we know that page speed is a serious factor. So - what is considered the speed of a page? Is it just the first (and main) html file which the GET receives? Or does it also include loading of images as part of that speed. so for example... GET /index.htm <- takes 0.45 seconds to retrieve (including DNS lookup before). robot parses page.. see's there's a single main image.... GET /img/main.png <- takes 5 seconds to download. is the page speed for that resource, 0.45 seconds OR 5.45 seconds? I understand Javascript is not fired .. but are any of these external resources all downloaded and part of the page speed?

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  • Is it necessary to read every single byte to check if a copied file is identical to the original?

    - by Koen027
    I recently learned of a program called Total Commander. It's a Windows Explorer replacement and has its own stuff to copy files. To check whether the files are identical, instead of calculation a CRC, it literally checks every single byte, one at a time, on both the original and the copy. My question is: Is this necessary? Can CRC or any other such technique go wrong? Should you, as a programmer, try and implement this perfect but slow system, or is it too extreme?

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  • Is it OK to have multiple asserts in a single unit test?

    - by Restuta
    I think that there are some cases when multiple assertions are needed (e.g. Guard Assertion), but in general I try to avoid this. What is your opinion? Please provide a real word examples when multiple asserts are really needed. Thanks! Edit In the comment to this great post Roy Osherove pointed to the OAPT project that is designed to run each assert in a single test. This is written on projects home page: Proper unit tests should fail for exactly one reason, that’s why you should be using one assert per unit test. And also Roy wrote in comments: My guideline is usually that you test one logical CONCEPT per test. you can have multiple asserts on the same object. they will usually be the same concept being tested.

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  • Is it possible to create a single tokenizer to parse this?

    - by Adrian
    This extends off this other Q&A thread, but is going into details that are out of scope from the original question. I am generating a parser that is to parse a context-sensitive grammar which can take in the following subset of symbols: ,, [, ], {, }, m/[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*/, m/[0-9]+/ The grammar can take in the following string { abc[1] }, } and parse it as ({, abc[1], }, }). Another example would be to take: { abc[1] [, } and parse it as ({, abc[1], [,, }). This is similar to the grammar used in Perl for the qw() syntax. The braces indicate that the contents are to be whitespace tokenized. A closing brace must be on its own to indicate the end of the whitespace tokenized group. Can this be done using a single lexer/tokenizer, or would it be necessary to have a separate tokenizer when parsing this group?

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  • Bless doesn't fix white boot screen boot delay for single-boot Xubuntu 14.04 on Macbook 4,1

    - by elephant
    I still have a 30-second delay on the white boot-up screen before Xubuntu loads after trying various combinations of bless --device as recommended here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MactelSupportTeam/AppleIntelInstallation#Avoid_long_EFI_wait_before_GRUB I wonder if anyone has experienced this before, or can point me to some good steps for troubleshooting this issue? I have cycled my macbook dozens of times, it would be great to be able to boot quicker. I am single-booting Xubuntu 14.04 (no Mac OSX partitions or any other OS, just a GRUB partition at sda1, a main partition at sda2, and a swap at the end of the drive). Suggestions very appreciated.

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  • Auto-mount CD/DVD drive to single, specific mount point every time?

    - by Christopher Parker
    Currently, whenever I insert a CD or DVD into my DVD drive, it mounts to a location such as /media/<LABEL>, where <LABEL> is the arbitrary label assigned to the optical disc. I remember, once upon a time, CD and DVD media being reliably located at /media/cdrom0 or something similar. Why was this changed? And how do I get this old behavior back for this drive? I can understand this behavior for USB sticks. It makes sense for those. But not for CD/DVD media, in my opinion. For example, because of this, I have no way to configure Wine to point to my DVD drive, as the mount point changes with every single CD I insert. TL;DR: How do I make CD/DVD media always mount to /media/cdrom0?

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  • Organization &amp; Architecture UNISA Studies &ndash; Chap 6

    - by MarkPearl
    Learning Outcomes Discuss the physical characteristics of magnetic disks Describe how data is organized and accessed on a magnetic disk Discuss the parameters that play a role in the performance of magnetic disks Describe different optical memory devices Magnetic Disk The way data is stored on and retried from magnetic disks Data is recorded on and later retrieved form the disk via a conducting coil named the head (in many systems there are two heads) The writ mechanism exploits the fact that electricity flowing through a coil produces a magnetic field. Electric pulses are sent to the write head, and the resulting magnetic patterns are recorded on the surface below with different patterns for positive and negative currents The physical characteristics of a magnetic disk   Summarize from book   The factors that play a role in the performance of a disk Seek time – the time it takes to position the head at the track Rotational delay / latency – the time it takes for the beginning of the sector to reach the head Access time – the sum of the seek time and rotational delay Transfer time – the time it takes to transfer data RAID The rate of improvement in secondary storage performance has been considerably less than the rate for processors and main memory. Thus secondary storage has become a bit of a bottleneck. RAID works on the concept that if one disk can be pushed so far, additional gains in performance are to be had by using multiple parallel components. Points to note about RAID… RAID is a set of physical disk drives viewed by the operating system as a single logical drive Data is distributed across the physical drives of an array in a scheme known as striping Redundant disk capacity is used to store parity information, which guarantees data recoverability in case of a disk failure (not supported by RAID 0 or RAID 1) Interesting to note that the increase in the number of drives, increases the probability of failure. To compensate for this decreased reliability RAID makes use of stored parity information that enables the recovery of data lost due to a disk failure.   The RAID scheme consists of 7 levels…   Category Level Description Disks Required Data Availability Large I/O Data Transfer Capacity Small I/O Request Rate Striping 0 Non Redundant N Lower than single disk Very high Very high for both read and write Mirroring 1 Mirrored 2N Higher than RAID 2 – 5 but lower than RAID 6 Higher than single disk Up to twice that of a signle disk for read Parallel Access 2 Redundant via Hamming Code N + m Much higher than single disk Highest of all listed alternatives Approximately twice that of a single disk Parallel Access 3 Bit interleaved parity N + 1 Much higher than single disk Highest of all listed alternatives Approximately twice that of a single disk Independent Access 4 Block interleaved parity N + 1 Much higher than single disk Similar to RAID 0 for read, significantly lower than single disk for write Similar to RAID 0 for read, significantly lower than single disk for write Independent Access 5 Block interleaved parity N + 1 Much higher than single disk Similar to RAID 0 for read, lower than single disk for write Similar to RAID 0 for read, generally  lower than single disk for write Independent Access 6 Block interleaved parity N + 2 Highest of all listed alternatives Similar to RAID 0 for read; lower than RAID 5 for write Similar to RAID 0 for read, significantly lower than RAID 5  for write   Read page 215 – 221 for detailed explanation on RAID levels Optical Memory There are a variety of optical-disk systems available. Read through the table on page 222 – 223 Some of the devices include… CD CD-ROM CD-R CD-RW DVD DVD-R DVD-RW Blue-Ray DVD Magnetic Tape Most modern systems use serial recording – data is lade out as a sequence of bits along each track. The typical recording used in serial is referred to as serpentine recording. In this technique when data is being recorded, the first set of bits is recorded along the whole length of the tape. When the end of the tape is reached the heads are repostioned to record a new track, and the tape is again recorded on its whole length, this time in the opposite direction. That process continued back and forth until the tape is full. To increase speed, the read-write head is capable of reading and writing a number of adjacent tracks simultaneously. Data is still recorded serially along individual tracks, but blocks in sequence are stored on adjacent tracks as suggested. A tape drive is a sequential access device. Magnetic tape was the first kind of secondary memory. It is still widely used as the lowest-cost, slowest speed member of the memory hierarchy.

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  • How to embed an authorize.net payment gateway form into a single page website with one item for sale?

    - by Adam S
    My website sells one item. I am currently using the simple checkout button embedded on the website. Rather than having the button I would like the order form to be on the single page with a field for quantity. At first I imagined that there would be a simple form that I could embed however it looks like that I need a full integration into my website through the Advanced Integration Method (AIM) which is much more complicated then I wanted. I don't want integration into my website, can I do it without, and if I have to what is the cleanest and simplest way to do it?

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  • How important is a single-player mode in a 2-player game?

    - by Davy8
    So say you have a 2 player game, taking Chess as an example (except it's an original game with no ready-to-go AI available). Let's say there's also a social-aspect to the meta-game, so let's say it's a Chess game on Facebook where you can challenge your friends. How important is it to have a single-player mode, knowing that an AI will need to be created (I've done minimax AI for tic tac toe, but nothing too sophisticated)? Is it important enough that it should be in the initial launch of the game? Can it wait for a future iteration (knowing that being hosted on the web means the game can be updated at any time)?

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  • Android: Layouts and views or a single full screen custom view?

    - by futlib
    I'm developing an Android game, and I'm making it so that it can run on low end devices without GPU, so I'm using the 2D API. I have so far tried to use Android's mechanisms such as layouts and activities where possible, but I'm beginning to wonder if it's not easier to just create a single custom view (or one per activity) and do all the work there. Here's an example of how I currently do things: I'm using a layout to display the game's background as an image view and the square game area, which is a custom view, centered in the middle. What would you say? Should I continue to use layouts where possible or is it more common/reasonable to just use a large custom view? I'm thinking that this would probably also make it easier to port my code to other platforms.

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  • How can I store all my level data in a single file instead of spread out over many files?

    - by Jon
    I am currently generating my level data, and saving to disk to ensure that any modifications done to the level are saved. I am storing "chunks" of 2048x2048 pixels into a file. Whenever the player moves over a section that doesn't have a file associated with the position, a new file is created. This works great, and is very fast. My issue, is that as you are playing the file count gets larger and larger. I'm wondering what are techniques that can be used to alleviate the file count, without taking a performance hit. I am interested in how you would store/seek/update this data in a single file instead of multiple files efficiently.

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  • What is the single most effective thing you did to improve your programming skills?

    - by Oded
    Looking back at my career and life as a programmer, there were plenty of different ways I improved my programming skills - reading code, writing code, reading books, listening to podcasts, watching screencasts and more. My question is: What is the most effective thing you have done that improved your programming skills? What would you recommend to others that want to improve? I do expect varied answers here and no single "one size fits all" answer - I would like to know what worked for different people. Edit: Wow - what great answers! Keep 'em coming people!!!

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  • How can I superscript a single character throughout my site?

    - by dvn66
    Finishing up development work for a client and they have a late request to superscript every occurrence of the &reg character throughout the site. I merely get by with CSS, but not even sure CSS provides the best solution here. how can I make a global change to every occurrence of a single character in the site copy without going back and adding tags everywhere? if the best solution does involve inserting a span or other tag I'm thinking it could be accomplished with a database query (all the copy is wired up to a CMS).

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  • As a programmer what single discovery has given you the greatest boost in productivity?

    - by ChrisInCambo
    This question has been inspired by my recent discovery/adoption of distributed version control. I started using it (mercurial) just because I liked the idea of still being able to make commits at times when I couldn't connect to the central server. I never expected it would give me a large boost in general productivity, but a pleasant side effect I discovered was that making a new clone every time I started a new task and giving that clone a descriptive folder name is extremely effective at keeping me on task resulting is a noticeable productivity increase. So as a programmer what single discovery has given you the greatest boost in productivity? Extra respect for answers which involve tools or practices that aren't so obvious from the outside!

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  • How will the search rank get impacted if i move my mobile website to a single page application?

    - by rahul
    I have two different versions of my site. A desktop version and a mobile optimised version. That is for the same url the server renders different html for different user agents. I had been using vary header for this scheme as recommended by Google. However, now i want to move the mobile website to a single page application for several reasons. I want to know if google stops seeing anything on my mobile web version but the desktop version continues to work as it is, then how would the search rank be impacted given that mobile web gets more traffic than the desktop version. How would the vary header come jnto play

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  • JMeter: how to asign a single distinct value from CSV Data Set Config to each thread in thread group?

    - by JohnnyM
    I have to make a load test for a relatively large number of users so I cant realy use User Parameters pre-processor to parametrize each thread with custom user data. I've read that I should use CSV Data Set Config instead. However I run into a problem with how JMeter interprets the input of this Config. Example: I have a thread group of 3 threads and Loop Count:10 with one HTTP request sampler with server www.example.com and path: \${user}. The csv file (bullet is a single line in file) for CSV Data Set Config to extract the user parameter: 1 2 3 4 5 Expected output is that for thread 1-x the path of the request should be: \x. So the output file should consist of 10 samples per thread namely: for thread 1-1 : 10 requests to www.example.com\1 for thread 1-2 : 10 requests to www.example.com\2 for thread 1-3 : 10 requests to www.example.com\3 but instead i get requests to each \1 - \5 and then to EOF. Does anyone know how to achieve the expected effect with CSV Data Set Config in jmeter 2.9?

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  • Single Full Name field in registration form user submits only first what to enter in my backend as last?

    - by Anagio
    On a registration form I have a single input called Full Name. The strings are parsed with http://code.google.com/p/php-name-parser/ so if a person enters their full name middle or any quantity of strings it's handled just fine and the app creates the user in a billing system with it's API. The form validates and checks for two strings in the field otherwise it won't post. I'd like to remove this validation but a last name is required by the API. You cannot post an empty last name to the API. Users are signing up for a trial so I don't want them having to deal with many form fields. The only place the last name shows up visible to the user is in their account settings page. If they end their trial and start a paid plan they'd have to enter their billing details which asks with two fields for their First, Last, and other billing information. What is an alternative to submitting "Doe", "Default", "Empty" in place of them not filling in their last name?

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  • How can a single database work for website, mobile apps?

    - by user1696497
    We have developed a job-portal where users can view jobs and and also post jobs. We have used Php and MySQL. We hosted this on web faction. Now we want to develop the mobile app of the job portal for android, ios and windows. As the database should be synchronous and aligned dynamically with apps and website database. As the back-end code has to be changed to Java in android and c# in windows, how to manage a single synchronous database?

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  • How to use another type of EditingControl in a single C# 3.5 DataGridView column ?

    - by too
    Is this possible to have two (or more) different kinds of cells to be displayed interchangeably in single column of C# .Net 3.5 DataGridView? I know one column has specified single EditingControl type, yet I think grid is flexible enough to do some tricks, I may think of only: Adding as many invisible columns to grid as required types of cells and on CellBeginEdit somehow exchange current cell with other column's cell Create custom column and custom cell with possibility of changing EditingControl for single cell Which approach is better, are there any examples ?

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  • How to use another type of EditingControl in a single .NET 3.5 DataGridView column ?

    - by too
    Is this possible to have two (or more) different kinds of cells to be displayed interchangeably in single column of C# .Net 3.5 WinForms DataGridView? I know one column has specified single EditingControl type, yet I think grid is flexible enough to do some tricks, I may think of only: Adding as many invisible columns to grid as required types of cells and on CellBeginEdit somehow exchange current cell with other column's cell Creating custom column and custom cell with possibility of changing EditingControl for single cell Which approach is better, is there any other solution, are there any examples ?

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