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  • Can SQLAlchemy DateTime Objects Only Be Naive?

    - by Sean M
    I am working with SQLAlchemy, and I'm not yet sure which database I'll use under it, so I want to remain as DB-agnostic as possible. How can I store a timezone-aware datetime object in the DB without tying myself to a specific database? Right now, I'm making sure that times are UTC before I store them in the DB, and converting to localized at display-time, but that feels inelegant and brittle. Is there a DB-agnostic way to get a timezone-aware datetime out of SQLAlchemy instead of getting naive datatime objects out of the DB?

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  • Loading url with cyrillic symbols

    - by Ockonal
    Hi guys, I have to load some url with cyrillic symbols. My script should work with this: http://wincode.org/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5/ If I'll use this in browser it would replaced into normal symbols, but urllib code fails with 404 error. How to decode correctly this url? When I'm using that url directly in code, like address = 'that address', it works perfect. But I used parsing page for getting this url. I have a list of urls which contents cyrillic. Maybe they have uncorrect encoding? Here is more code: requestData = urllib2.Request( %SOME_ADDRESS%, None, {"User-Agent": user_agent}) requestHandler = pageHandler.open(requestData) pageData = requestHandler.read().decode('utf-8') soupHandler = BeautifulSoup(pageData) topicLinks = [] for postBlock in soupHandler.findAll('a', href=re.compile('%SOME_REGEXP%')): topicLinks.append(postBlock['href']) postAddress = choice(topicLinks) postRequestData = urllib2.Request(postAddress, None, {"User-Agent": user_agent}) postHandler = pageHandler.open(postRequestData) postData = postHandler.read() File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 518, in http_error_default raise HTTPError(req.get_full_url(), code, msg, hdrs, fp) urllib2.HTTPError: HTTP Error 404: Not Found

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  • Condition checking vs. Exception handling

    - by Aidas Bendoraitis
    When is exception handling more preferable than condition checking? There are many situations where I can choose using one or the other. For example, this is a summing function which uses a custom exception: # module mylibrary class WrongSummand(Exception): pass def sum_(a, b): """ returns the sum of two summands of the same type """ if type(a) != type(b): raise WrongSummand("given arguments are not of the same type") return a + b # module application using mylibrary from mylibrary import sum_, WrongSummand try: print sum_("A", 5) except WrongSummand: print "wrong arguments" And this is the same function, which avoids using exceptions # module mylibrary def sum_(a, b): """ returns the sum of two summands if they are both of the same type """ if type(a) == type(b): return a + b # module application using mylibrary from mylibrary import sum_ c = sum_("A", 5) if c is not None: print c else: print "wrong arguments" I think that using conditions is always more readable and manageable. Or am I wrong? What are the proper cases for defining APIs which raise exceptions and why?

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  • django newbie question : cant start a new project

    - by Moayyad Yaghi
    hello . I'm totally new to django . and I'm using its documentation to get help on how to use it but seems like something is missing. i installed django using setup.py install command and i added the ( django/bin ) to system path variable but. i still cant start a new project i use the following syntax to start a project : django-admin.py startproject myNewProject but it says Type 'django-admin.py help' for usage. 1 do i miss anything ? thank u

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  • Execute function without sending 'self' to it

    - by Sergey
    Is that possible to define a function without referencing to self this way? def myfunc(var_a,var_b) But so that it could also get sender data, like if I defined it like this: def myfunc(self, var_a,var_b) That self is always the same so it looks a little redundant here always to run a function this way: myfunc(self,'data_a','data_b'). Then I would like to get its data in the function like this sender.fields. UPDATE: Here is some code to understand better what I mean. The class below is used to show a page based on Jinja2 templates engine for users to sign up. class SignupHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self, *args, **kwargs): utils.render_template(self, 'signup.html') And this code below is a render_template that I created as wrapper to Jinja2 functions to use it more conveniently in my project: def render_template(response, template_name, vars=dict(), is_string=False): template_dirs = [os.path.join(root(), 'templates')] logging.info(template_dirs[0]) env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader(template_dirs)) try: template = env.get_template(template_name) except TemplateNotFound: raise TemplateNotFound(template_name) content = template.render(vars) if is_string: return content else: response.response.out.write(content) As I use this function render_template very often in my project and usually the same way, just with different template files, I wondered if there was a way to get rid of having to call it like I do it now, with self as the first argument but still having access to that object.

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  • Problem setting up Direct X for C++

    - by Josh
    I've downloaded Direct X SDK from the microsoft website but when I try to compile my code i'm getting this error: Error 1 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _Direct3DCreate9@4 referenced in function "void __cdecl initD3D(struct HWND__ *)" (?initD3D@@YAXPAUHWND__@@@Z) C:\Users\Josh\Desktop\Tutorial\Tutorial\Tutorial.obj Tutorial I have added Direct X to my C++ build directories like that: $(DXSDK_DIR)include $(DXSDK_DIR)Lib\x64 I've googled it and found out that most of the time people were forgetting this line: #pragma comment (lib, "d3dx9.lib") But it's there for me here are my includes and lib: #include <windows.h> #include <windowsx.h> #include <d3d9.h> #include <d3dx9.h> #pragma comment (lib, "d3d9.lib") #pragma comment (lib, "d3dx9.lib") Can anyone help me with this? I'm using Visual studio 2010 Professional on win7 x64

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  • How can I display multiple django modelformset forms together?

    - by JT
    I have a problem with needing to provide multiple model backed forms on the same page. I understand how to do this with single forms, i.e. just create both the forms call them something different then use the appropriate names in the template. Now how exactly do you expand that solution to work with modelformsets? The wrinkle, of course, is that each 'form' must be rendered together in the appropriate fieldset. For example I want my template to produce something like this: <fieldset> <label for="id_base-0-desc">Home Base Description:</label> <input id="id_base-0-desc" type="text" name="base-0-desc" maxlength="100" /> <label for="id_likes-0-icecream">Want ice cream?</label> <input type="checkbox" name="likes-0-icecream" id="id_likes-0-icecream" /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <label for="id_base-1-desc">Home Base Description:</label> <input id="id_base-1-desc" type="text" name="base-1-desc" maxlength="100" /> <label for="id_likes-1-icecream">Want ice cream?</label> <input type="checkbox" name="likes-1-icecream" id="id_likes-1-icecream" /> </fieldset> I am using a loop like this to process the results for base_form, likes_form in map(None, base_forms, likes_forms): which works as I'd expect (I'm using map because the # of forms can be different). The problem is that I can't figure out a way to do the same thing with the templating engine. The system does work if I layout all the base models together then all the likes models after wards, but it doesn't meet the layout requirements.

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  • How do I customize what a third party MSM does?

    - by sqlrob
    I'm trying to convert a project in Visual Studio 2008 from static linking of the CRT to dynamic linking. This was easy enough, and I added the CRT MSM and policy MSM to my Wix file with no problems. I am not that happy with the MSI that is output though, it is much larger than what I expected. Looking at the MSI with Orca shows three copies of the CRT DLLs that I need. From looking at the conditions, one of the sets is used for pre-XP installs. Since the system requirements are XP and later, how do I remove this component without touching the original MSM? This needs to be done in an automated build, so Orca isn't a possible solution. Plus, when I tried it with Orca, the filesize remained the same after deleting the File and Component rows. And somewhat related, how do I set the permanent attribute in the components that remain?

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  • Error -3 while decompressing data: incorrect header check

    - by Rahul99
    I have .zip file which contain csv data. I am reading .zip file using <input type = "file" name = "select_file"/> I want to decompress that .zip file and read csv data. file_data = self.request.get('select_file') file_str = zlib.decompress(file_data) #file_data_list = file_str.split('\n') #file_Reader = csv.reader(file_data_list,quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONE ) I am expecting csv data in file_str but I am getting error. error :: Error -3 while decompressing data: incorrect header check What I have to use?

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  • .NET Application using a native DLL (build management)

    - by moogs
    I have a .NET app that is dependent on a native DLL. I have the .NET app set as AnyCPU. In the post-build step, I plan to copy the correct native DLL from some directory (x86 or AMD64) and place it in the target path. However, this doesn't work. On a 64-bit machine, the environment variable PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE is "x86" in Visual Studio. My alternative right now is to create a small tool that outputs the processor architecture. This will be used by the post-build step. Is there a better alternative? (Side Note: when deploying/packaging the app, the right native DLL is copied to the right platform. But this means we have two separate release folders for x86 and AMD64, which is OK since this is for a device driver. The app is a utility tool for the driver).

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  • How do I add a trailing slash for Django MPTT-based categorization app?

    - by Patrick Beeson
    I'm using Django-MPTT to develop a categorization app for my Django project. But I can't seem to get the regex pattern for adding a trailing slash that doesn't also break on child categories. Here's an example URL: http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat/childcat/ I'd like to be able to use http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat and have it redirect to the trailing slash version. The same should apply to http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat/childcat (it should redirect to http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat/childcat/). Here's my urls.py: from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page from storefront.categories.models import Category from storefront.categories.views import SimpleCategoryView urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^(?P<full_slug>[-\w/]+)', cache_page(SimpleCategoryView.as_view(), 60 * 15), name='category_view'), ) And here is my view: from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse from django.views.generic import TemplateView, DetailView from django.views.generic.detail import SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, SingleObjectMixin from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _ from django.contrib.syndication.views import Feed from storefront.categories.models import Category class SimpleCategoryView(TemplateView): def get_category(self): return Category.objects.get(full_slug=self.kwargs['full_slug']) def get_context_data(self, **kwargs): context = super(SimpleCategoryView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs) context["category"] = self.get_category() return context def get_template_names(self): if self.get_category().template_name: return [self.get_category().template_name] else: return ['categories/category_detail.html'] And finally, my model: from django.db import models from mptt.models import MPTTModel from mptt.fields import TreeForeignKey class CategoryManager(models.Manager): def get(self, **kwargs): defaults = {} defaults.update(kwargs) if 'full_slug' in defaults: if defaults['full_slug'] and defaults['full_slug'][-1] != "/": defaults['full_slug'] += "/" return super(CategoryManager, self).get(**defaults) class Category(MPTTModel): title = models.CharField(max_length=255) description = models.TextField(blank=True, help_text='Please use <a href="http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax">Markdown syntax</a> for all text-formatting and links. No HTML is allowed.') slug = models.SlugField(help_text='Prepopulates from title field.') full_slug = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True) template_name = models.CharField(max_length=70, blank=True, help_text="Example: 'categories/category_parent.html'. If this isn't provided, the system will use 'categories/category_detail.html'. Use 'categories/category_parent.html' for all parent categories and 'categories/category_child.html' for all child categories.") parent = TreeForeignKey('self', null=True, blank=True, related_name='children') objects = CategoryManager() class Meta: verbose_name = 'category' verbose_name_plural = 'categories' def save(self, *args, **kwargs): orig_full_slug = self.full_slug if self.parent: self.full_slug = "%s%s/" % (self.parent.full_slug, self.slug) else: self.full_slug = "%s/" % self.slug obj = super(Category, self).save(*args, **kwargs) if orig_full_slug != self.full_slug: for child in self.get_children(): child.save() return obj def available_product_set(self): """ Returns available, prioritized products for a category """ from storefront.apparel.models import Product return self.product_set.filter(is_available=True).order_by('-priority') def __unicode__(self): return "%s (%s)" % (self.title, self.full_slug) def get_absolute_url(self): return '/categories/%s' % (self.full_slug)

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  • Why my custom CStatic derived control does not receive WM_SIZE message?

    - by Michael P
    Hello everyone! I'm currently developing a custom control that derives from CStatic MFC class (Smart Device C++ project). I have created the control class using VC++ MFC class wizard, selecting CStatic class as its base class. I have used Class View to add OnSize event handler for my control class (I have selected WM_SIZE message from messages list), and new OnSize method has been created by Visual Studio along with ON_WM_SIZE() statement between BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(...) and END_MESSAGE_MAP(). The problem is that my control does not receive WM_SIZE thus OnSize method is never called - I used MoveWindow to change size of my control - its size changes as I have seen on dialog window but WM_SIZE message is never being sent. When I send WM_SIZE through SendMessage or PostMessage function - the control OnSize method is called normally. What do I wrong? I've read MSDN docs about CStatic control and there is no information that WM_SIZE message is never sent to a static control window. Sorry for my bad English.

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  • Writing good tests for Django applications

    - by Ludwik Trammer
    I've never written any tests in my life, but I'd like to start writing tests for my Django projects. I've read some articles about tests and decided to try to write some tests for an extremely simple Django app or a start. The app has two views (a list view, and a detail view) and a model with four fields: class News(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=250) content = models.TextField() pub_date = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now) slug = models.SlugField(unique=True) I would like to show you my tests.py file and ask: Does it make sense? Am I even testing for the right things? Are there best practices I'm not following, and you could point me to? my tests.py (it contains 11 tests): # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from django.test import TestCase from django.test.client import Client from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse import datetime from someproject.myapp.models import News class viewTest(TestCase): def setUp(self): self.test_title = u'Test title: bareksc' self.test_content = u'This is a content 156' self.test_slug = u'test-title-bareksc' self.test_pub_date = datetime.datetime.today() self.test_item = News.objects.create( title=self.test_title, content=self.test_content, slug=self.test_slug, pub_date=self.test_pub_date, ) client = Client() self.response_detail = client.get(self.test_item.get_absolute_url()) self.response_index = client.get(reverse('the-list-view')) def test_detail_status_code(self): """ HTTP status code for the detail view """ self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_detail.status_code, 200) def test_list_status_code(self): """ HTTP status code for the list view """ self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_index.status_code, 200) def test_list_numer_of_items(self): self.failUnlessEqual(len(self.response_index.context['object_list']), 1) def test_detail_title(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_detail.context['object'].title, self.test_title) def test_list_title(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_index.context['object_list'][0].title, self.test_title) def test_detail_content(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_detail.context['object'].content, self.test_content) def test_list_content(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_index.context['object_list'][0].content, self.test_content) def test_detail_slug(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_detail.context['object'].slug, self.test_slug) def test_list_slug(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_index.context['object_list'][0].slug, self.test_slug) def test_detail_template(self): self.assertContains(self.response_detail, self.test_title) self.assertContains(self.response_detail, self.test_content) def test_list_template(self): self.assertContains(self.response_index, self.test_title)

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  • Avoiding nesting two for loops

    - by chavanak
    Hi, Please have a look at the code below: import string from collections import defaultdict first_complex=open( "residue_a_chain_a_b_backup.txt", "r" ) first_complex_lines=first_complex.readlines() first_complex_lines=map( string.strip, first_complex_lines ) first_complex.close() second_complex=open( "residue_a_chain_a_c_backup.txt", "r" ) second_complex_lines=second_complex.readlines() second_complex_lines=map( string.strip, second_complex_lines ) second_complex.close() list_1=[] list_2=[] for x in first_complex_lines: if x[0]!="d": list_1.append( x ) for y in second_complex_lines: if y[0]!="d": list_2.append( y ) j=0 list_3=[] list_4=[] for a in list_1: pass for b in list_2: pass if a==b: list_3.append( a ) kvmap=defaultdict( int ) for k in list_3: kvmap[k]+=1 print kvmap Normally I use izip or izip_longest to club two for loops, but this time the length of the files are different. I don't want a None entry. If I use the above method, the run time becomes incremental and useless. How am I supposed to get the two for loops going? Cheers, Chavanak

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  • Find subset with K elements that are closest to eachother

    - by Nima
    Given an array of integers size N, how can you efficiently find a subset of size K with elements that are closest to each other? Let the closeness for a subset (x1,x2,x3,..xk) be defined as: 2 <= N <= 10^5 2 <= K <= N constraints: Array may contain duplicates and is not guaranteed to be sorted. My brute force solution is very slow for large N, and it doesn't check if there's more than 1 solution: N = input() K = input() assert 2 <= N <= 10**5 assert 2 <= K <= N a = [] for i in xrange(0, N): a.append(input()) a.sort() minimum = sys.maxint startindex = 0 for i in xrange(0,N-K+1): last = i + K tmp = 0 for j in xrange(i, last): for l in xrange(j+1, last): tmp += abs(a[j]-a[l]) if(tmp > minimum): break if(tmp < minimum): minimum = tmp startindex = i #end index = startindex + K? Examples: N = 7 K = 3 array = [10,100,300,200,1000,20,30] result = [10,20,30] N = 10 K = 4 array = [1,2,3,4,10,20,30,40,100,200] result = [1,2,3,4]

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  • How can I detect whether an image is a PNG or APNG format?

    - by perlit
    APNG is backwards compatible with PNG. I opened up an apng and png file in a hex editor and the first few bytes look identical. So if a user uploads either of these formats, how do I detect what the format really is? I've seen this done on some sites that block apng. I'm guessing the ImageMagick library makes this easy, but what if I were to do the detect without the use of an image processing library (for learning purposes)? Can I look for specific bytes that tell me if the file is apng? Solutions in any language is welcome.

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  • verbose_name for a model's method

    - by mawimawi
    How can I set a verbose_name for a model's method, so that it might be displayed in the admin's change_view form? example: class Article(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=64) created_date = models.DateTimeField(....) def created_weekday(self): return self.created_date.strftime("%A") in admin.py: class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): readonly_fields = ('created_weekday',) fields = ('title', 'created_weekday') Now the label for created_weekday is "Created Weekday", but I'd like it to have a different label which should be i18nable using ugettext_lazy as well. I've tried created_weekday.verbose_name=... after the method, but that did not show any result. Is there a decorator or something I can use, so I could make my own "verbose_name" / "label" / whateverthename is?

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  • Import boto from local library

    - by ensnare
    I'm trying to use boto as a downloaded library, rather than installing it globally on my machine. I'm able to import boto, but when I run boto.connect_dynamodb() I get an error: ImportError: No module named dynamodb.layer2 Here's my file structure: project/ project/ __init__.py libraries/ __init__.py flask/ boto/ views/ .... modules/ __init__.py db.py .... templates/ .... static/ .... runserver.py And the contents of the relevant files as follows: project/project/modules/db.py from project.libraries import boto conn = boto.connect_dynamodb( aws_access_key_id='<YOUR_AWS_KEY_ID>', aws_secret_access_key='<YOUR_AWS_SECRET_KEY>') What am I doing wrong? Thanks in advance.

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  • Killing a program if it displays a dialog box (devenv.com running under CruiseControl.net)

    - by Alan Mullett
    I have CruiseControl.net running Visual Studio (2005/2008 - using devenv.com) as we need to build deployment projects (.vdproj). At times, for various reasons devenv decides that even though it was run from the command line, using the devenv.com varient, it still wants to put up a dialog box. Now, as it's running under CruiseControl.net on a remote server this is never seen and the only syptom of this is that the build eventually times out. When the build is still in progress a look at the tasks shows devenv running but not consuming any processor power. Is there a handy utility through which could run devenv.com which basically watches the program it starts up and basically kills it if it dares to display a dialog box of any kind?

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  • How do I launch background jobs w/ paramiko?

    - by sophacles
    Here is my scenario: I am trying to automate some tasks using Paramiko. The tasks need to be started in this order (using the notation (host, task)): (A, 1), (B, 2), (C, 2), (A,3), (B,3) -- essentially starting servers and clients for some testing in the correct order. Further, because in the tests networking may get mucked up, and because I need some of the output from the tests, I would like to just redirect output to a file. In similar scenarios the common response is to use 'screen -m -d' or to use 'nohup'. However with paramiko's exec_cmd, nohup doesn't actually exit. Using: bash -c -l nohup test_cmd & doesnt work either, exec_cmd still blocks to process end. In the screen case, output redirection doesn't work very well, (actually, doesnt work at all the best I can figure out). So, after all that explanation, my question is: is there an easy elegant way to detach processes and capture output in such a way as to end paramiko's exec_cmd blocking? Update The dtach command works nicely for this!

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  • Combinatorial optimisation of a distance metric

    - by Jose
    I have a set of trajectories, made up of points along the trajectory, and with the coordinates associated with each point. I store these in a 3d array ( trajectory, point, param). I want to find the set of r trajectories that have the maximum accumulated distance between the possible pairwise combinations of these trajectories. My first attempt, which I think is working looks like this: max_dist = 0 for h in itertools.combinations ( xrange(num_traj), r): for (m,l) in itertools.combinations (h, 2): accum = 0. for ( i, j ) in itertools.izip ( range(k), range(k) ): A = [ (my_mat[m, i, z] - my_mat[l, j, z])**2 \ for z in xrange(k) ] A = numpy.array( numpy.sqrt (A) ).sum() accum += A if max_dist < accum: selected_trajectories = h This takes forever, as num_traj can be around 500-1000, and r can be around 5-20. k is arbitrary, but can typically be up to 50. Trying to be super-clever, I have put everything into two nested list comprehensions, making heavy use of itertools: chunk = [[ numpy.sqrt((my_mat[m, i, :] - my_mat[l, j, :])**2).sum() \ for ((m,l),i,j) in \ itertools.product ( itertools.combinations(h,2), range(k), range(k)) ]\ for h in itertools.combinations(range(num_traj), r) ] Apart from being quite unreadable (!!!), it is also taking a long time. Can anyone suggest any ways to improve on this?

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