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  • Ignore collisions with some objects in certain contexts

    - by Paul Manta
    I'm making a racing game with cars in Unity. The car has a boost/nitro powerup. While boosting, I wouldn't want to be deviated when colliding with zombies, but I do want to be deviated when colliding with walls. On the other hand, I don't want to ignore collision with zombies, because I still want to hit them on impact. How should I handle this? Basically, what I want is for the car to not rotate when colliding with certain objects.

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  • Incorrect results for frustum cull

    - by DeadMG
    Previously, I had a problem with my frustum culling producing too optimistic results- that is, including many objects that were not in the view volume. Now I have refactored that code and produced a cull that should be accurate to the actual frustum, instead of an axis-aligned box approximation. The problem is that now it never returns anything to be in the view volume. As the mathematical support library I'm using does not provide plane support functions, I had to code much of this functionality myself, and I'm not really the mathematical type, so it's likely that I've made some silly error somewhere. As follows is the relevant code: class Plane { public: Plane() { r0 = Math::Vector(0,0,0); normal = Math::Vector(0,1,0); } Plane(Math::Vector p1, Math::Vector p2, Math::Vector p3) { r0 = p1; normal = Math::Cross((p2 - p1), (p3 - p1)); } Math::Vector r0; Math::Vector normal; }; This class represents one plane as a point and a normal vector. class Frustum { public: Frustum( const std::array<Math::Vector, 8>& points ) { planes[0] = Plane(points[0], points[1], points[2]); planes[1] = Plane(points[4], points[5], points[6]); planes[2] = Plane(points[0], points[1], points[4]); planes[3] = Plane(points[2], points[3], points[6]); planes[4] = Plane(points[0], points[2], points[4]); planes[5] = Plane(points[1], points[3], points[5]); } Plane planes[6]; }; The points are passed in order where (the inverse of) each bit of the index of each point indicates whether it's the left, top, and back of the frustum, respectively. As such, I just picked any three points where they all shared one bit in common to define the planes. My intersection test is as follows (based on this): bool Intersects(Math::AABB lhs, const Frustum& rhs) const { for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { Math::Vector pvertex = lhs.TopRightFurthest; Math::Vector nvertex = lhs.BottomLeftClosest; if (rhs.planes[i].normal.x <= -0.0f) { std::swap(pvertex.x, nvertex.x); } if (rhs.planes[i].normal.y <= -0.0f) { std::swap(pvertex.y, nvertex.y); } if (rhs.planes[i].normal.z <= -0.0f) { std::swap(pvertex.z, nvertex.z); } if (Math::Dot(rhs.planes[i].r0, nvertex) < 0.0f) { return false; } } return true; } Also of note is that because I'm using a left-handed co-ordinate system, I wrote my Cross function to return the negative of the formula given on Wikipedia. Any suggestions as to where I've made a mistake?

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  • Game Patching Mac/PC

    - by Centurion Games
    Just wondering what types of solutions are available to handle patching of PC/Mac games that don't have any sort of auto updater built into them. In windows do you just spin off some sort of new install shield for the game that includes the updated files, hope you can read a valid registry key to point to the right directory, and overwrite files? If so how does that translate over to Mac where the game is normally just distributed as straight up .app file? Is there a better approach than the above for an already released product? (Assuming direct sells, and not through a marketplace that features auto-updating like Steam.) Are there any off the shelf auto-updater type libraries that could also be easily integrated with a C/C++ code base even after a game has been shipped to make this a lot simpler, and that are cross platform? Also how do auto-updaters work with new OS's that want applications and files digitally signed?

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  • How do you set up PhysFS for use in a game?

    - by ThePlan
    After my recent question on GD I've been advised to use PhysFS to pack all my game data in 1 file. So I have, and the decission wasn't light, because I've tried out every library in my answers but none contained a single good tutorial whatsoever, in fact PhysFS is the poorest documented library I've ever seen. After attempting to set up PhysFS in my game I realized it's not as simple as adding the headers to the project, it appears something much more complicated, in fact after my first attempt to install PhysFS the compiler ran out of memory to display errors, it reached the critical count of 50 errors. So basically what I'm asking here is: How can I set up PhysFS on my game? I'm using Code::Blocks IDE on Windows XP SP3;

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  • Circle-Line Collision Detection Problem

    - by jazzdawg
    I am currently developing a breakout clone and I have hit a roadblock in getting collision detection between a ball (circle) and a brick (convex polygon) working correctly. I am using a Circle-Line collision detection test where each line represents and edge on the convex polygon brick. For the majority of the time the Circle-Line test works properly and the points of collision are resolved correctly. Collision detection working correctly. However, occasionally my collision detection code returns false due to a negative discriminant when the ball is actually intersecting the brick. Collision detection failing. I am aware of the inefficiency with this method and I am using axis aligned bounding boxes to cut down on the number of bricks tested. My main concern is if there are any mathematical bugs in my code below. /* * from and to are points at the start and end of the convex polygons edge. * This function is called for every edge in the convex polygon until a * collision is detected. */ bool circleLineCollision(Vec2f from, Vec2f to) { Vec2f lFrom, lTo, lLine; Vec2f line, normal; Vec2f intersectPt1, intersectPt2; float a, b, c, disc, sqrt_disc, u, v, nn, vn; bool one = false, two = false; // set line vectors lFrom = from - ball.circle.centre; // localised lTo = to - ball.circle.centre; // localised lLine = lFrom - lTo; // localised line = from - to; // calculate a, b & c values a = lLine.dot(lLine); b = 2 * (lLine.dot(lFrom)); c = (lFrom.dot(lFrom)) - (ball.circle.radius * ball.circle.radius); // discriminant disc = (b * b) - (4 * a * c); if (disc < 0.0f) { // no intersections return false; } else if (disc == 0.0f) { // one intersection u = -b / (2 * a); intersectPt1 = from + (lLine.scale(u)); one = pointOnLine(intersectPt1, from, to); if (!one) return false; return true; } else { // two intersections sqrt_disc = sqrt(disc); u = (-b + sqrt_disc) / (2 * a); v = (-b - sqrt_disc) / (2 * a); intersectPt1 = from + (lLine.scale(u)); intersectPt2 = from + (lLine.scale(v)); one = pointOnLine(intersectPt1, from, to); two = pointOnLine(intersectPt2, from, to); if (!one && !two) return false; return true; } } bool pointOnLine(Vec2f p, Vec2f from, Vec2f to) { if (p.x >= min(from.x, to.x) && p.x <= max(from.x, to.x) && p.y >= min(from.y, to.y) && p.y <= max(from.y, to.y)) return true; return false; }

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  • how difficult to add vibration/feedback to a open source driving game

    - by Jonathan Day
    Hi, I'm looking to use SuperTuxKart as a basis for a PhD research project. A key requirement for the game is to provide vibration feedback through the controller (obviously dependant on the controller itself). I don't believe that the game currently includes this feature and I'm trying to get a feel for how big a challenge it would be to add. My background is as a J2EE and PHP developer/architect, so I don't know C++ as such, but am prepared to give it a crack if there are resources and guides to assist, and it's not a herculean task. Alternatively, if you know of any open source games that do include vibration feedback, please feel free to let me know! Preferably the game would be of the style that the player had to navigate a character (or character's vehicle) over a repeatable course/map. TIA, JD

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  • Simple Math Multiplayer game - is Ajax sufficient?

    - by Christian Strang
    I'm planning to create a simple math multiplayer game and I plan to just use Ajax for the server/client communication but I'm not sure if this is sufficient or if I need a socket server. The game will look like this: 2-4 users all get a simple math task (like: "37 + 14") they have to solve it as fast as possible first user who solves it is the winner I will track the time for each user, since the game started, on the client side and everytime a user gives an answer, the answer and the passed time will be send to the server. Additionally I'll add a function which will check every 3 seconds if the other users finished, how much time they needed and who won. Do you think this is possible just using Ajax? What alternatives are there?

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  • How to send multiple MVP matrices to a vertex shader in OpenGL ES 2.0

    - by Carbon Crystal
    I'm working my way through optimizing the rendering of sprites in a 2D game using OpenGL ES and I've hit the limit of my knowledge when it comes to GLSL and vertex shaders. I have two large float buffers containing my vertex coordinates and texture coordinates (eventually this will be one buffer) for multiple sprites in order to perform a single glDrawArrays call. This works but I've hit a snag when it comes to passing the transformation matrix into the vertex shader. My shader code is: uniform mat4 u_MVPMatrix; attribute vec4 a_Position; attribute vec2 a_TexCoordinate; varying vec2 v_TexCoordinate; void main() { v_TexCoordinate = a_TexCoordinate; gl_Position = u_MVPMatrix * a_Position; } In Java (Android) I am using a FloatBuffer to store the vertex/texture data and this is provided to the shader like so: mGlEs20.glVertexAttribPointer(mVertexHandle, Globals.GL_POSITION_VERTEX_COUNT, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, mVertexCoordinates); mGlEs20.glVertexAttribPointer(mTextureCoordinateHandle, Globals.GL_TEXTURE_VERTEX_COUNT, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, mTextureCoordinates); (The Globals.GL_POSITION_VERTEX_COUNT etc are just integers with the value of 2 right now) And I'm passing the MVP (Model/View/Projection) matrix buffer like this: GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, mModelCoordinates); (mModelCoordinates is a FloatBuffer containing 16-float sequences representing the MVP matrix for each sprite) This renders my scene but all the sprites share the same transformation, so it's obviously only picking the first 16 elements from the buffer which makes sense since I am passing in "1" as the second parameter. The documentation for this method says: "This should be 1 if the targeted uniform variable is not an array of matrices, and 1 or more if it is an array of matrices." So I tried modifying the shader with a fixed size array large enough to accomodate most of my scenarios: uniform mat4 u_MVPMatrix[1000]; But this lead to an error in the shader: cannot convert from 'uniform array of 4X4 matrix of float' to 'Position 4-component vector of float' This just seems wrong anyway as it's not clear to me how the shader would know when to transition to the next matrix anyway. Anyone have an idea how I can get my shader to pick up a different MVP matrix (i.e. the NEXT 16 floats) from my MVP buffer for every 4 vertices it encounters? (I am using GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP so each sprite has 4 vertices). Thanks!

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  • write to depth buffer while using multiple render targets

    - by DocSeuss
    Presently my engine is set up to use deferred shading. My pixel shader output struct is as follows: struct GBuffer { float4 Depth : DEPTH0; //depth render target float4 Normal : COLOR0; //normal render target float4 Diffuse : COLOR1; //diffuse render target float4 Specular : COLOR2; //specular render target }; This works fine for flat surfaces, but I'm trying to implement relief mapping which requires me to manually write to the depth buffer to get correct silhouettes. MSDN suggests doing what I'm already doing to output to my depth render target - however, this has no impact on z culling. I think it might be because XNA uses a different depth buffer for every RenderTarget2D. How can I address these depth buffers from the pixel shader?

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  • Dynamically load images inside jar

    - by Rahat Ahmed
    I'm using Slick2d for a game, and while it runs fine in Eclipse, i'm trying to figure out how to make it work when exported to a runnable .jar. I have it set up to where I load every image located in the res/ directory. Here's the code /** * Loads all .png images located in source folders. * @throws SlickException */ public static void init() throws SlickException { loadedImages = new HashMap<>(); try { URI uri = new URI(ResourceLoader.getResource("res").toString()); File[] files = new File(uri).listFiles(new FilenameFilter(){ @Override public boolean accept(File dir, String name) { if(name.endsWith(".png")) return true; return false; } }); System.out.println("Naming filenames now."); for(File f:files) { System.out.println(f.getName()); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(f); Image image = new Image(fis, f.getName(), false); loadedImages.put(f.getName(), image); } } catch (URISyntaxException | FileNotFoundException e) { System.err.println("UNABLE TO LOAD IMAGES FROM RES FOLDER!"); e.printStackTrace(); } font = new AngelCodeFont("res/bitmapfont.fnt",Art.get("bitmapfont.png")); } Now the obvious problem is the line URI uri = new URI(ResourceLoader.getResource("res").toString()); If I pack the res folder into the .jar there will not be a res folder on the filesystem. How can I iterate through all the images in the compiled .jar itself, or what is a better system to automatically load all images?

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  • Adjust sprite bounds of the visible part of texture

    - by Crazy D0G
    Is there any way to adjust the boundaries of the visible part of the sprite? To make it easier to understand: I have a texture, such as shown at figure 1. Then I break it into pieces and fill the resulting fragments using PRKit (wood texture on figure 2 and 3). But the resulting fragments have the transparent (green color on figure 2 and 3) and when creating a sprite from the fragments they have the size of the initial texture. Is there a way to get rid of this transparency and to adjust the size of the visible part (wood texture), openGL or cocos2d-x means? Maybe it help - draw() method from PRKit: void PRFilledPolygon::draw() { //CCNode::draw(); glDisableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY); // we have a pointer to vertex points so enable client state glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture->getName()); glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, areaTrianglePoints); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, textureCoordinates); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, areaTrianglePointCount); glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE); //Restore texture matrix and switch back to modelview matrix glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);}

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  • scaling point sprites with distance

    - by Will
    How can you scale a point sprite by its distance from the camera? GLSL fragment shader: gl_PointSize = size / gl_Position.w; seems along the right tracks; for any given scene all sprites seem nicely scaled by distance. Is this correct? How do you compute the proper scaling for my vertex attribute size? I want each sprite to be scaled by the modelview matrix. I had played with arbitrary values and it seems that size is the radius in pixels at the camera, and is not in modelview scale. I've also tried: gl_Position = pMatrix * mvMatrix * vec4(vertex,1.0); vec4 v2 = pMatrix * mvMatrix * vec4(vertex.x,vertex.y+0.5*size,vertex.z,1.0); gl_PointSize = length(gl_Position.xyz-v2.xyz) * gl_Position.w; But this makes the sprites be bigger in the distance, rather than smaller:

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  • How do they keep track of the NPCs in Left 4 Dead?

    - by f20k
    How do they keep track of the NPC zombies in Left 4 Dead? I am talking about the NPCs that just walk into walls or wander around aimlessly. Even though the players cannot see them, they are there (say inside rooms or behind doors). Let's say there's about 10 or so zombies in a hallway and inside rooms. Does the game keep all of those zombies in a list and iterate through giving them commands? Do they just spawn when the user is within a certain radius or reached a special location? Say you placed the 4 units (controlled by players) on completely different places throughout the map. Let's assume you aren't being swarmed and then you have not killed any of these aimless NPCs. Would the game be keeping track of 10 x 4 = 40 zombies in total? Or is my understanding completely off? The reason I ask is if I were to implement something similar on a mobile device, keeping track of 40 or more NPCs might not be such a great idea.

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  • Per-vertex animation with VBOs: Stream each frame or use index offset per frame?

    - by charstar
    Scenario Meshes are animated using either skeletons (skinned animation) or some form of morph targets (i.e. per-vertex key frames). However, in either case, the animations are known in full at load-time, that is, there is no physics, IK solving, or any other form of in-game pose solving. The number of character actions (animations) will be limited but rich (hand-animated). There may be multiple characters using a each mesh and its animations simultaneously in-game (they will be at different poses/keyframes at the same time). Assume color and texture coordinate buffers are static. Goal To leverage the richness of well vetted animation tools such as Blender to do the heavy lifting for a small but rich set of animations. I am aware of additive pose blending like that from Naughty Dog and similar techniques but I would prefer to expend a little RAM/VRAM to avoid implementing a thesis-ready pose solver. I would also like to avoid implementing a key-frame + interpolation curve solver (reinventing Blender vertex groups and IPOs). Current Considerations Much like a non-shader-powered pose solver, create a VBO for each character and copy vertex and normal data to each VBO on each frame (VBO in STREAMING). Create one VBO for each animation where each frame (interleaved vertex and normal data) is concatenated onto the VBO. Then each character simply has a buffer pointer offset based on its current animation frame (e.g. pointer offset = (numVertices+numNormals)*frameNumber). (VBO in STATIC) Known Trade-Offs In 1 above: Each VBO would be small but there would be many VBOs and therefore lots of buffer binding and vertex copying each frame. Both client and pipeline intensive. In 2 above: There would be few VBOs therefore insignificant buffer binding and no vertex data getting jammed down the pipe each frame, but each VBO would be quite large. Are there any pitfalls to number 2 (aside from finite memory)? Are there other methods that I am missing?

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  • Hydraulics in game

    - by Mungoid
    I'm not completely sure if this would be better in the Physics site or not as this question is more about how hydraulics should work in game as opposed to how they really work (although that is taken into account) - So I apologize if this is in the wrong place. A project we are on, we have a machine with hydraulics that are powered (They don't just look like they move something, they are the only thing moving/turning/lifting something) - However, the hydraulic extends the same speed no matter what it is pushing. So, say there is a 10 ton object attached to one end of the hydraulic and the other end is attached to a plate on the ground. In real life it takes a few seconds to build up pressure depending on how heavy the object is, but in our project the hydraulics don't care about that. It will lift a 100 ton object the same speed as a 10 ton object. We have a way to fake the hydraulic pressurizing by reducing the 'drive amount' (how fast or slow the hydraulic extends) when we sense that it is touching the ground and that does a relatively decent job but we would like to be able to take other things into account like engine speed, ratios, loads, etc. but we aren't too sure what we need to think about. I'm kinda wondering if anyone here has any experience with this and could offer some suggestions on what to take into account?

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  • Which will be faster? Switching shaders or ignore that some cases don't need full code?

    - by PolGraphic
    I have two types of 2d objects: In first case (for about 70% of objects), I need that code in the shader: float2 texCoord = input.TexCoord + textureCoord.xy But in the second case I have to use: float2 texCoord = fmod(input.TexCoord, texCoordM.xy - textureCoord.xy) + textureCoord.xy I can use second code also for first case, but it will be a little slower (fmod is useless here, input.TexCoord will be always lower than textureCoord.xy - textureCoord.xy for sure). My question is, which way will be faster: Making two independent shaders for both types of rectangles, group rectangles by types and switch shaders during rendering. Make one shader and use some if statement. Make one shader and ignore that sometimes (70% of cases) I don't need to use fmod.

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  • GLSL Normals not transforming propertly

    - by instancedName
    I've been stuck on this problem for two days. I've read many articles about transforming normals, but I'm just totaly stuck. I understand choping off W component for "turning off" translation, and doing inverse/traspose transformation for non-uniform scaling problem, but my bug seems to be from a different source. So, I've imported a simple ball into OpenGL. Only transformation that I'm applying is rotation over time. But when my ball rotates, the illuminated part of the ball moves around just as it would if direction light direction was changing. I just can't figure out what is the problem. Can anyone help me with this? Here's the GLSL code: Vertex Shader: #version 440 core uniform mat4 World, View, Projection; layout(location = 0) in vec3 VertexPosition; layout(location = 1) in vec3 VertexColor; layout(location = 2) in vec3 VertexNormal; out vec4 Color; out vec3 Normal; void main() { Color = vec4(VertexColor, 1.0); vec4 n = World * vec4(VertexNormal, 0.0f); Normal = n.xyz; gl_Position = Projection * View * World * vec4(VertexPosition, 1.0); } Fragment Shader: #version 440 core uniform vec3 LightDirection = vec3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0); uniform vec3 LightColor = vec3(1f); in vec4 Color; in vec3 Normal; out vec4 FragColor; void main() { diffuse = max(0.0, dot(normalize(-LightDirection), normalize(Normal))); vec4 scatteredLight = vec4(LightColor * diffuse, 1.0f); FragColor = min(Color * scatteredLight, vec4(1.0)); }

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  • Wavefront mesh: determine which face a point belongs to?

    - by Mina Samy
    I have a 3D mesh Wavefront .obj file. Is there any algorithm that takes an arbitrary point coordinates as input and determines which face of the mesh that point belongs to ?? The mesh is rendered on the screen, then the user clicks on it, I want to determine which part of the mesh the user has clicked on ? Here's the code using LibGDX: Vector3 intersection=new Vector3(); Ray ray=camera.getPickRay(x, y); //vertices is an array that hold the coordinates of the mesh boolean ok=Intersector.intersectRayTriangles(ray, vertices, intersection); Thanks

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  • Detecting walls or floors in pygame

    - by Serial
    I am trying to make bullets bounce of walls, but I can't figure out how to correctly do the collision detection. What I am currently doing is iterating through all the solid blocks and if the bullet hits the bottom, top or sides, its vector is adjusted accordingly. However, sometimes when I shoot, the bullet doesn't bounce, I think it's when I shoot at a border between two blocks. Here is the update method for my Bullet class: def update(self, dt): if self.can_bounce: #if the bullet hasnt bounced find its vector using the mousclick pos and player pos speed = -10. range = 200 distance = [self.mouse_x - self.player[0], self.mouse_y - self.player[1]] norm = math.sqrt(distance[0] ** 2 + distance[1] ** 2) direction = [distance[0] / norm, distance[1 ] / norm] bullet_vector = [direction[0] * speed, direction[1] * speed] self.dx = bullet_vector[0] self.dy = bullet_vector[1] #check each block for collision for block in self.game.solid_blocks: last = self.rect.copy() if self.rect.colliderect(block): topcheck = self.rect.top < block.rect.bottom and self.rect.top > block.rect.top bottomcheck = self.rect.bottom > block.rect.top and self.rect.bottom < block.rect.bottom rightcheck = self.rect.right > block.rect.left and self.rect.right < block.rect.right leftcheck = self.rect.left < block.rect.right and self.rect.left > block.rect.left each test tests if it hit the top bottom left or right side of the block its colliding with if self.can_bounce: if topcheck: self.rect = last self.dy *= -1 self.can_bounce = False print "top" if bottomcheck: self.rect = last self.dy *= -1 #Bottom check self.can_bounce = False print "bottom" if rightcheck: self.rect = last self.dx *= -1 #right check self.can_bounce = False print "right" if leftcheck: self.rect = last self.dx *= -1 #left check self.can_bounce = False print "left" else: # if it has already bounced and colliding again kill it self.kill() for enemy in self.game.enemies_list: if self.rect.colliderect(enemy): self.kill() #update position self.rect.x -= self.dx self.rect.y -= self.dy This definitely isn't the best way to do it but I can't think of another way. If anyone has done this or can help that would be awesome!

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  • IDirect3DDevice9Ex and D3DPOOL_MANAGED?

    - by bluescrn
    So I wanted to switch to IDirect3DDevice9Ex, purely for the SetFrameLatency function, as fullscreen vsynced D3D seemed to produce noticable input lag. But then it tells me 'ha ha ha! now you can't use D3DPOOL_MANAGED!': Direct3D9: (ERROR) :D3DPOOL_MANAGED is not valid with IDirect3DDevice9Ex Is this really as unpleasant as it looks (when you're relying quite heavily on managed resources) - or is there a simple solution? If it really does mean manual management of everything (reloading all static textures, VBs, and IBs on a device reset), is it worth the hassle, will IDirect3DDevice9Ex bring enough benefit to make it worth writing a new resource manager? Starting to think I must be doing something wrong, due to this: Direct3D9: (ERROR) :Lock is not supported for textures allocated with POOL_DEFAULT unless they are marked D3DUSAGE_DYNAMIC. So if I put my (static) textures in POOL_DEFAULT, they need flagging as D3DUSAGE_DYNAMIC, just because I lock them once to load the data in?

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  • Central renderer for a given scene

    - by Loggie
    When creating a central rendering system for all game objects in a given scene I am trying to work out the best way to go about passing the scene to the render system to be rendered. If I have a scene managed by an arbitrary structure, i.e., an octree, bsp trees, quad-tree, kd tree, etc. What is the best way to pass this to the render system? The obvious problem is that if simply given the root node of the structure, the render system would require an intrinsic knowledge of the structure in order to traverse the structure. My solution to this is to clip all objects outside the frustum in the scene manager and then create a list of the objects which are left and pass this simple list to the render system, be it an array, a vector, a linked list, etc. (This would be a structure required by the render system as a means to know which objects should be rendered). The list would of course attempt to minimise OpenGL state changes by grouping objects that require the same rendering operations to be performed on them. I have been thinking a lot about this and started searching various terms on here and followed any additional information/links but I have not really found a definitive answer. The case may be that there is no definitive answer but I would appreciate some advice and tips. My question is, is this a reasonable solution to the problem? Are there any improvements that I could make? Are there any caveats I should know about? Side question: Am I right in assuming that octrees, bsp trees, etc are all forms of BVH?

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  • Efficient way to calculate "vision cones" on 2D tile map?

    - by OverMachoGrande
    I'm trying to calculate which tiles a particular unit can "see" if facing a certain direction on a tile map (within a certain range and angle of facing). The easiest way would be to draw a certain number of tiles outward and raycast to each tile. However, I'm hoping for something slightly more efficient. A picture says a thousand words: The red dot is the unit (who's facing upwards). My goal is to calculate the yellow tiles. The green blocks are walls (walls are between tiles, and it's easy to check if you can pass between two tiles). The blue line represents something like the "raycasting" method I was talking about, but I'd rather not have to do this. EDIT: Units can only be facing north/south/east/west (0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees) and FoV is always 90 degrees. Should simplify some calculations. I'm thinking there's some sort of recursive-ish/stack-based/queue-based algorithm, but I can't quite figure it out. Thanks!

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  • Calculating up-vector to avoid gimbal lock using euler angles

    - by jessejuicer
    I wish to orbit a camera around a sphere, yet the problem is that when the camera rotates so that it is at the north pole (and pointing down) or the south pole (and pointing up) of the sphere the camera doesn't handle itself very well. It spins rapidly until arriving 180 degrees in the opposite direction. I believe this is known as gimbal lock. I understand you can avoid this problem using quaternions. But I also read in another forum that it's possible to avoid this easily using euler angles as well. Which I would prefer to do. It was said that all you need to do is "calculate a proper up-vector every frame, and that avoids the problem entirely." Well, I tried aligning the up-vector with the vertical axis of the camera whenever the camera changed orientation, but this didn't seem to work. Meaning that the up-vector followed exactly the orientation of the camera's y-axis (or it's up vector), instead of using a constant up-vector aligned to the up-vector of the world (0, 1, 0). How exactly do I go about calculating a proper up-vector as my camera orientation changes to avoid the gimbal lock problem mentioned above?

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  • Find meeting point of 2 objects in 2D, knowing (constant) speed and slope

    - by Axonn
    I have a gun which fires a projectile which has to hit an enemy. The problem is that the gun has to be automatic, i.e. - choose the angle in which it has to shoot so that the projectile hits the enemy dead in the center. It's been a looooong time since school, and my physics skills are a bit rusty, but they're there. I've been thinking to somehow apply the v = d/t formula to find the time needed for the projectile or enemy to reach a certain point. But the problem is that I can't find the common point for both the projectile and enemy. Yes, I can find a certain point for the projectile, and another for the enemy, but I would need lots of tries to find where the point coincides, which is stupid. There has to be a way to link them together but I can't figure it out. I prepared some drawings and samples: A simple version of my Flash game, dumbed down to the basics, just some shapes: http://axonnsd.org/W/P001/MathSandBox.swf - click the mouse anywhere to fire a projectile. Or, here is an image which describes my problem: So... who has any ideas about how to find x3/y3 - thus leading me to find the angle in which the weapon has to tilt in order to fire a projectile to meet the enemy? EDIT I think it would be clearer if I also mention that I know: the speed of both Enemy and Projectile and the Enemy travels on a straight vertical line.

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  • My rhythm game runs choppy even with high frame rate

    - by felipedrl
    I'm coding a rhythm game and the game runs smoothly with uncapped fps. But when I try to cap it around 60 the game updates in little chunks, like hiccups, as if it was skipping frames or at a very low frame rate. The reason I need to cap frame rate is because in some computers I tested, the fps varies a lot (from ~80 - ~250 fps) and those drops are noticeable and degrade response time. Since this is a rhythm game this is very important. This issue is driving me crazy. I've spent a few weeks already on it and still can't figure out the problem. I hope someone more experienced than me could shed some light on it. I'll try to put here all the hints I've tried along with two pseudo codes for game loops I tried, so I apologize if this post gets too lengthy. 1st GameLoop: const uint UPDATE_SKIP = 1000 / 60; uint nextGameTick = SDL_GetTicks(); while(isNotDone) { // only false when a QUIT event is generated! if (processEvents()) { if (SDL_GetTicks() > nextGameTick) { update(UPDATE_SKIP); render(); nextGameTick += UPDATE_SKIP; } } } 2nd Game Loop: const uint UPDATE_SKIP = 1000 / 60; while (isNotDone) { LARGE_INTEGER startTime; QueryPerformanceCounter(&startTime); // process events will return false in case of a QUIT event processed if (processEvents()) { update(frameTime); render(); } LARGE_INTEGER endTime; do { QueryPerformanceCounter(&endTime); frameTime = static_cast<uint>((endTime.QuadPart - startTime.QuadPart) * 1000.0 / frequency.QuadPart); } while (frameTime < UPDATE_SKIP); } [1] At first I thought it was a timer resolution problem. I was using SDL_GetTicks, but even when I switched to QueryPerformanceCounter, supposedly less granular, I saw no difference. [2] Then I thought it could be due to a rounding error in my position computation and since game updates are smaller in high FPS that would be less noticeable. Indeed there is an small error, but from my tests I realized that it is not enough to produce the position jumps I'm getting. Also, another intriguing factor is that if I enable vsync I'll get smooth updates @60fps regardless frame cap code. So why not rely on vsync? Because some computers can force a disable on gfx card config. [3] I started printing the maximum and minimum frame time measured in 1sec span, in the hope that every a few frames one would take a long time but still not enough to drop my fps computation. It turns out that, with frame cap code I always get frame times in the range of [16, 18]ms, and still, the game "does not moves like jagger". [4] My process' priority is set to HIGH (Windows doesn't allow me to set REALTIME for some reason). As far as I know there is only one thread running along with the game (a sound callback, which I really don't have access to it). I'm using AudiereLib. I then disabled Audiere by removing it from the project and still got the issue. Maybe there are some others threads running and one of them is taking too long to come back right in between when I measured frame times, I don't know. Is there a way to know which threads are attached to my process? [5] There are some dynamic data being created during game run. But It is a little bit hard to remove it to test. Maybe I'll have to try harder this one. Well, as I told you I really don't know what to try next. Anything, I mean, anything would be of great help. What bugs me more is why at 60fps & vsync enabled I get an smooth update and at 60fps & no vsync I don't. Is there a way to implement software vsync? I mean, query display sync info? Thanks in advance. I appreciate the ones that got this far and yet again I apologize for the long post. Best Regards from a fellow coder.

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