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• Isometric algorithm producing tiles in wrong draw order

  - by David

  I've been toying with isometric and I just cant get the tiles to be in the right order. I'm probably missing something obvious and I just can't see it. Even at the risk of looking stupid, here's my code: for (int i = 0; i < Tile.MapSize; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < Tile.MapSize; j++) { spriteBatch.Draw( Tile.TileSetTexture, new Rectangle( (-j * Tile.TileWidth / 2) + (i * Tile.TileWidth / 2), (i * (Tile.TileHeight - 9) / 2) - (-j * (Tile.TileHeight - 9) / 2), Tile.TileWidth, Tile.TileHeight), Tile.GetSourceRectangle(tileID), Color.White, 0.0f, new Vector2(-350, -60), SpriteEffects.None, 1.0f); } } And here's what I end up with: messed up map Yep, bit of an issue. If anyone could help, I'd appreciate it.

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• Register Game Object Components in Game Subsystems? (Component-based Game Object design)

  - by topright

  I'm creating a component-based game object system. Some tips: GameObject is simply a list of Components. There are GameSubsystems. For example, rendering, physics etc. Each GameSubsystem contains pointers to some of Components. GameSubsystem is a very powerful and flexible abstraction: it represents any slice (or aspect) of the game world. There is a need in a mechanism of registering Components in GameSubsystems (when GameObject is created and composed). There are 4 approaches: 1: Chain of responsibility pattern. Every Component is offered to every GameSubsystem. GameSubsystem makes a decision which Components to register (and how to organize them). For example, GameSubsystemRender can register Renderable Components. pro. Components know nothing about how they are used. Low coupling. A. We can add new GameSubsystem. For example, let's add GameSubsystemTitles that registers all ComponentTitle and guarantees that every title is unique and provides interface to quering objects by title. Of course, ComponentTitle should not be rewrited or inherited in this case. B. We can reorganize existing GameSubsystems. For example, GameSubsystemAudio, GameSubsystemRender, GameSubsystemParticleEmmiter can be merged into GameSubsystemSpatial (to place all audio, emmiter, render Components in the same hierarchy and use parent-relative transforms). con. Every-to-every check. Very innefficient. con. Subsystems know about Components. 2: Each Subsystem searches for Components of specific types. pro. Better performance than in Approach 1. con. Subsystems still know about Components. 3: Component registers itself in GameSubsystem(s). We know at compile-time that there is a GameSubsystemRenderer, so let's ComponentImageRender will call something like GameSubsystemRenderer::register(ComponentRenderBase*). pro. Performance. No unnecessary checks as in Approach 1. con. Components are badly coupled with GameSubsystems. 4: Mediator pattern. GameState (that contains GameSubsystems) can implement registerComponent(Component*). pro. Components and GameSubystems know nothing about each other. con. In C++ it would look like ugly and slow typeid-switch. Questions: Which approach is better and mostly used in component-based design? What Practice says? Any suggestions about implementation of Approach 4? Thank you.

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• Can I use PBOs for textures in iOS?

  - by Radu

  As far as I can see, there is no GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER. Also, the OpenGL ES 2.0 specification (and as far as I know, no iOS device currently supports OpenGL ES 2.0) states that glMapBufferOES() can only use GL_ARRAY_BUFFER as a target, yet glTexImage2D() and glTexSubImage2D() only seem to use PBOs if GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER is bound. The OpenGL documentation for glBindBuffer() also states that: GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER and GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER are available only if the GL version is 2.1 or greater. So, can I use PBOs for textures? Am I missing something obvious?

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• Are there any preexisting maps for a Minecraft-like level I could use in my engine?

  - by Rishav Sharan

  I am working on a tiny cube-based engine like Minecraft. I was wondering if there is a way for me to get large blocky terrain in a text format that I can use for rendering on my engine? I don't want to start on procedural generation now, I just want a resource where I can get the coord list for a pretty looking terrain. Alternatively, is it possible for me to parse the Minecraft world files and use that data to generate terrain/buildings in my code?

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• Why do we use Pythagoras in game physics?

  - by Starkers

  I've recently learned that we use Pythagoras a lot in our physics calculations and I'm afraid I don't really get the point. Here's an example from a book to make sure an object doesn't travel faster than a MAXIMUM_VELOCITY constant in the horizontal plane: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = <any number>; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = MAXIMUM_VELOCITY * MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; function animate(){ var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; } } Let's try this with some numbers: An object is attempting to move 5 units in x and 5 units in z. It should only be able to move 5 units horizontally in total! MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5 * 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 25; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); var squared_horizontal_velocity = 5 * 5 + 5 * 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 25 + 25; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 50; // if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 50 <= 25 ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 50 / 25; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Now this works well, but we can do the same thing without Pythagoras: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity; var horizontal_velocity = 5 + 5; var horizontal_velocity = 10; // if( horizontal_velocity >= MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 10 >= 5 ){ scalar = horizontal_velocity / MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 10 / 5; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Benefits of doing it without Pythagoras: Less lines Within those lines, it's easier to read what's going on ...and it takes less time to compute, as there are less multiplications Seems to me like computers and humans get a better deal without Pythagoras! However, I'm sure I'm wrong as I've seen Pythagoras' theorem in a number of reputable places, so I'd like someone to explain me the benefit of using Pythagoras to a maths newbie. Does this have anything to do with unit vectors? To me a unit vector is when we normalize a vector and turn it into a fraction. We do this by dividing the vector by a larger constant. I'm not sure what constant it is. The total size of the graph? Anyway, because it's a fraction, I take it, a unit vector is basically a graph that can fit inside a 3D grid with the x-axis running from -1 to 1, z-axis running from -1 to 1, and the y-axis running from -1 to 1. That's literally everything I know about unit vectors... not much :P And I fail to see their usefulness. Also, we're not really creating a unit vector in the above examples. Should I be determining the scalar like this: // a mathematical work-around of my own invention. There may be a cleverer way to do this! I've also made up my own terms such as 'divisive_scalar' so don't bother googling var divisive_scalar = (squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY); var divisive_scalar = ( 50 / 25 ); var divisive_scalar = 2; var multiplicative_scalar = (divisive_scalar / (2*divisive_scalar)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / (2*2)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / 4); var multiplicative_scalar = 0.5; x_velocity = x_velocity * multiplicative_scalar x_velocity = 5 * 0.5 x_velocity = 2.5 Again, I can't see why this is better, but it's more "unit-vector-y" because the multiplicative_scalar is a unit_vector? As you can see, I use words such as "unit-vector-y" so I'm really not a maths whiz! Also aware that unit vectors might have nothing to do with Pythagoras so ignore all of this if I'm barking up the wrong tree. I'm a very visual person (3D modeller and concept artist by trade!) and I find diagrams and graphs really, really helpful so as many as humanely possible please!

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• Virtual screen size with libgdx and GLES 2

  - by David Saltares Márquez

  I've been trying to use a virtual screen size for my libgdx desktop-android game. I'd like to always use a 16:9 aspect ratio but with a virtual screen size so everything would adapt automatically depending on the device size. This post illustrates the process pretty well but my game crashes when camera.apply(Gdx.Gl10) is called. This is because I'm using GLES 2.0 (for not having to use multiple of 2 texture sizes). As stated in the OrthographicCamera doc, the apply method only works with GLES 1 and GLES 1.1. Is there another way of applying my GL transformation to the camera so I can use a virtual screen resolution? Having to resize everything manually it's a total pain. Thanks a lot.

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• HTML5 Canvas Game Timer

  - by zghyh

  How to create good timer for HTML5 Canvas games? I am using RequestAnimationFrame( http://paulirish.com/2011/requestanimationframe-for-smart-animating/ ) But object's move too fast. Something like my code is: http://pastebin.com/bSHCTMmq But if I press UP_ARROW player don't move one pixel, but move 5, 8, or 10 or more or less pixels. How to do if I press UP_ARROW player move 1 pixel? Thanks for help.

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• Blender to 3ds max to cal3d format

  - by Kaliber64

  There are quite a few questions on cal3d but they are old and don't apply anymore. In Blender(must be 2.49a for python script to work!!!): I have a scene with 7 meshes, 1 armature, 10 bones. I tried going to one mesh to simplify it but doesn't change anything. I found a small blend file that was used for cal3d and it exported just fine. So I tried to copy it's setup with no success. EDIT*8/13/2012 In the last week here is what I have found so far. I made the mesh in the newest blender(2.62?) and exported it to import it in the old one(2.49a). Did an animation in the old one because importing new blend files to old blenders, its just said it would lose keyframe data and all was good. And then you get the last problem of it not exporting meshes. BUT I found that meshes made in the old one export regardless. I can't find any that won't export. So if I used the old blender to remake my model I could get it to export :) At this point I found a modified release of cal3d (because the most core model variable would not initiate as I made a really small test subject in old blender instead of remaking my big one which took 4 hours.) which fixes the morph objects and adds what cal3d left off with. Under their license they have to release the modification but it has no documentation so I have to figure it out on my own. Its mostly the same. But with this lib it came with a 3ds max exporter. My question now is how do I transfer armature and mesh information from blender to 3ds max in order to export into cal3d format. Every time I try the models are see through and small and there are no bones. The formats I have tried to import are .3ds .obj(mesh only) and COLLADA. In all of them the mesh is invisible and no bones. It says the default texture is on so I should be able to see it. All the vertices are present I found a vertex highlighter so I can see those. If any of this is confusing let me know so I can clear it up. Its late .<=sleep.

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• What can make a peaceful game successful?

  - by Miro

  Today, the most successful games are action games like FPS, RPG, MMORPG... I'd like to make peaceful game, but I don't know how to attract people. I can make good graphics, but that's not the main thing that makes people like game more that couple of minutes. The content is important. In game styles mentioned in beginning are main content fight, kill others, make from yourself predator/the most powerful creature/player in the game. But what content can attract people in peaceful game?

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• 3D rotation matrices deform object while rotating

  - by Kevin

  I'm writing a small 3D renderer (using an orthographic projection right now). I've run into some trouble with my 3D rotation matrices. They seem to squeeze my 3D object (a box primitive) at certain angles. Here's a live demo (only tested in Google Chrome): http://dl.dropbox.com/u/109400107/3D/index.html The box is viewed from the top along the Y axis and is rotating around the X and Z axis. These are my 3 rotation matrices (Only rX and rZ are being used): var rX = new Matrix([ [1, 0, 0], [0, Math.cos(radiants), -Math.sin(radiants)], [0, Math.sin(radiants), Math.cos(radiants)] ]); var rY = new Matrix([ [Math.cos(radiants), 0, Math.sin(radiants)], [0, 1, 0], [-Math.sin(radiants), 0, Math.cos(radiants)] ]); var rZ = new Matrix([ [Math.cos(radiants), -Math.sin(radiants), 0], [Math.sin(radiants), Math.cos(radiants), 0], [0, 0, 1] ]); Before projecting the verticies I multiply them by rZ and rX like so: vert1.multiply(rZ); vert1.multiply(rX); vert2.multiply(rZ); vert2.multiply(rX); vert3.multiply(rZ); vert3.multiply(rX); The projection itself looks like this: bX = (pos.x + (vert1.x*scale)); bY = (pos.y + (vert1.z*scale)); Where "pos.x" and "pos.y" is an offset for centering the box on the screen. I just can't seem to find a solution to this and I'm still relativly new to working with Matricies. You can view the source-code of the demo page if you want to see the whole thing.

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• Bouncing ball slowing down over time

  - by user46610

  I use the unreal engine 4 to bounce a ball off of walls in a 2D space, but over time the ball gets slower and slower. Movement happens in the tick function of the ball FVector location = GetActorLocation(); location.X += this->Velocity.X * DeltaSeconds; location.Y += this->Velocity.Y * DeltaSeconds; SetActorLocation(location, true); When a wall gets hit I get a Hit Event with the normal of the collision. This is how I calculate the new velocity of the ball: FVector2D V = this->Velocity; FVector2D N = FVector2D(HitNormal.X, HitNormal.Y); FVector2D newVelocity = -2 * (V.X * N.X + V.Y * N.Y) * N + V; this->Velocity = newVelocity; Over time, the more the ball bounced around, the velocity gets smaller and smaller. How do I prevent speed loss when bouncing off walls like that? It's supposed to be a perfect bounce without friction or anything.

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• Drawing a random x,y grid of objects within a prespective

  - by T Reddy

  I'm wrapping my head around OpenGL ES 2.0 and I think I'm trying to do something very simple, but I think the math may be eluding me. I created a simple, flat-ish cylinder in Blender that is 2 units in diameter. I want to create an arbitrary grid of these edge to edge (think of a checker board). I'm using a 3D perspective with GLKit: CGSize size = [[self view] bounds].size; _projectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakePerspective(GLKMathDegreesToRadians(45.0f), size.width/size.height, 0.1f, 100.0f); So, I managed to manually get all of these cylinders drawn on the screen just fine. However, I would like to understand how I can programmatically "fit" all of these cylinders on the screen at the same time given the camera location, screen size, cylinder diameter, and the number of rows/columns. So the net effect is that for small grids (i.e., 5x5) the objects are closer to the camera, but for large grids (i.e., 30x30) the objects are farther away. In either case, all of the cylinders are visible.

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• What is the best way to render a 2d game map?

  - by Deukalion

  I know efficiency is key in game programming and I've had some experiences with rendering a "map" earlier but probably not in the best of ways. For a 2D TopDown game: (simply render the textures/tiles of the world, nothing else) Say, you have a map of 1000x1000 (tiles or whatever). If the tile isn't in the view of the camera, it shouldn't be rendered - it's that simple. No need to render a tile that won't be seen. But since you have 1000x1000 objects in your map, or perhaps less you probably don't want to loop through all 1000*1000 tiles just to see if they're suppose to be rendered or not. Question: What is the best way to implement this efficiency? So that it "quickly/quicker" can determine what tiles are suppose to be rendered? Also, I'm not building my game around tiles rendered with a SpriteBatch so there's no rectangles, the shapes can be different sizes and have multiple points, say a curved object of 10 points and a texture inside that shape; Question: How do you determine if this kind of objects is "inside" the View of the camera? It's easy with a 48x48 rectangle, just see if it X+Width or Y+Height is in the view of the camera. Different with multiple points. Simply put, how to manage the code and the data efficiently to not having to run through/loop through a million of objects at the same time.

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• Java applet game design no keyboard focus

  - by Sri Harsha Chilakapati

  THIS IS PROBABLY THE WRONG PLACE. POSTED ITHERE (STACKOVERFLOW) I'm making an applet game and it is rendering, the game loop is running, the animations are updating, but the keyboard input is not working. Here's an SSCCE. public class Game extends JApplet implements Runnable { public void init(){ // Initialize the game when called by browser setFocusable(true); requestFocus(); requestFocusInWindow(); // Always returning false GInput.install(this); // Install the input manager for this class new Thread(this).start(); } public void run(){ startGameLoop(); } } And Here's the GInput class. public class GInput implements KeyListener { public static void install(Component c){ new GInput(c); } public GInput(Component c){ c.addKeyListener(this); } public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e){ System.out.println("A key has been pressed"); } ...... } This is my GInput class. When run as an applet, it doesn't work and when I add the Game class to a frame, it works properly. Thanks

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• Facebook Game database design

  - by facebook-100000781341887

  Hi, I'm currently develop a facebook mafia like PHP game(of course, a light weight version), here is a simplify database(MySQL) of the game id-a <int3> <for index> uid <chr15> <facebook uid> HP <int3> <health point> exp <int3> <experience> money <int3> <money> list_inventory <chr5> <the inventory user hold...some special here, talk next> ... and 20 other fields just like reputation, num of combat... *the number next to the type is the size(byte) of the type For the list_inventory, there have 40 inventorys in my game, (actually, I have 5 these kind of list in my database), and each user can only contain 1 qty of each inventory, therefore, I assign 5 char for this field and each bit of char as 1 item(5 char * 8 bit = 40 slot), and I will do some manipulation by PHP to extract the data from this 5 byte. OK, I was thinking on this, if this game contains 100,000 user, and only 10% are active, therefore, if use my method, for the space use, 5 byte * 100,000 = 500 KB if I use another method, create a table user_hold_inventory, if the user have the inventory, then insert a record into this table, so, for 10,000 active user, I assume they got all item, but for other, I assume they got no item, here is the fields of the new table id-b <int3> <for index> id-a <int3> <id of the user table> inv_no <int1> <inventory that user hold> for the space use, ([id] (3+3) byte + [inv_no] 1 byte ) * [active user] 10,000 * [all inventory] * 40 = 2.8 MB seems method 2 have use more space, but it consume less CPU power. Please comment these 2 method or please correct me if there have another better method rather than what I think. Another question is, my database contain 26 fields, but I counted 5 of them are not change frquently, should I need to separate it on the other table or not? So many words, thanks for reading :)

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• Circle to Circle collision, checking each circle against all others

  - by user14861

  I'm currently coding a little circle to circle collision demo but I've got a little stuck. I think I currently have the code to detect collision but I'm not sure how to loop through my list of circles and check them off against one another. Collision check code: public static Vector2 GetIntersectionDepth(Circle a, Circle b) { float xValue = a.Center.X - b.Center.X; float yValue = a.Center.Y - b.Center.Y; Vector2 depth = Vector2.Zero; float distance = Vector2.Distance(a.Center, b.Center); if (a.Radius + b.Radius > distance) { float result = (a.Radius + b.Radius) - distance; depth.X = (float)Math.Cos(result); depth.Y = (float)Math.Sin(result); } return depth; } Loop through code: Vector2 depth = Vector2.Zero; for (int i = 0; i < bounds.Count; i++) for (int j = i+1; j < bounds.Count; j++) { depth = CircleToCircleIntersection.GetIntersectionDepth(bounds[i], bounds[j]); } Clearly I'm a complete newbie, wondering if anyone can give any suggestions or point out my errors, thanks in advance. :)

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• Saving a list of points into a text file

  - by dylanisawesome1

  I recently posted a question about this, but was not really sure where to go. I've gotten some progress, and have generated some simple noise here: http://pastie.org/5408655 That works well enough for me, but I would really like to be able to save the points into an ascii text file. currently it's formatted so that something like this: http://pastie.org/5409311 would create a square. I need to save in this format with the points(and lines connecting them) generated in the method above. Essentially, I need to write the array of points created in the first example to a text file formatted like the second example.

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• Masking OpenGL texture by a pattern

  - by user1304844

  Tiled terrain. User wants to build a structure. He presses build and for each tile there is an "allow" or "disallow" tile sprite added to the scene. FPS drops right away, since there are 600+ tiles added to the screen. Since map equals screen, there is no scrolling. I came to an idea to make an allow grid covering the whole map and mask the disallow fields. Approach 1: Create allow and disallow grid textures. Draw a polygon on screen. Pass both textures to the fragment shader. Determine the position inside the polygon and use color from allowTexture if the fragment belongs to the allow field, disallow otherwise Problem: How do I know if I'm on the field that isn't allowed if I cannot pass the matrix representing the map (enum FieldStatus[][] (Allow / Disallow)) to the shader? Therefore, inside the shader I don't know which fragments should be masked. Approach 2: Create allow texture. Create an empty texture buffer same size as the allow texture Memset the pixels of the empty texture to desired color for each pixel that doesn't allow building. Draw a polygon on screen. Pass both textures to the fragment shader. Use texture2 color if alpha 0, texture1 color otherwise. Problem: I'm not sure what is the right way to manipulate pixels on a texture. Do I just make a buffer with width*height*4 size and memcpy the color[] to desired coordinates or is there anything else to it? Would I have to call glTexImage2D after every change to the texture? Another problem with this approach is that it takes a lot more work to get a prettier effect since I'm manipulating the color pixels instead of just masking two textures. varying vec2 TexCoordOut; uniform sampler2D Texture1; uniform sampler2D Texture2; void main(void){ vec4 allowColor = texture2D(Texture1, TexCoordOut); vec4 disallowColor = texture2D(Texture2, TexCoordOut); if(disallowColor.a > 0){ gl_FragColor= disallowColor; }else{ gl_FragColor= allowColor; }} I'm working with OpenGL on Windows. Any other suggestion is welcome.

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• How to create a thread in XNA for pathfinding?

  - by Dan

  I am trying to create a separate thread for my enemy's A* pathfinder which will give me a list of points to get to the player. I have placed the thread in the update method of my enemy. However this seems to cause jittering in the game every-time the thread is called. I have tried calling just the method and this works fine. Is there any way I can sort this out so that I can have the pathfinder on its own thread? Do I need to remove the thread start from the update and start it in the constructor? Is there any way this can work? Here is the code at the moment: bool running = false; bool threadstarted; System.Threading.Thread thread; public void update() { if (running == false && threadstarted == false) { thread = new System.Threading.Thread(PathThread); //thread.Priority = System.Threading.ThreadPriority.Lowest; thread.IsBackground = true; thread.Start(startandendobj); //PathThread(startandendobj); threadstarted = true; } } public void PathThread(object Startandend) { object[] Startandendarray = (object[])Startandend; Point startpoint = (Point)Startandendarray[0]; Point endpoint = (Point)Startandendarray[1]; bool runnable = true; // Path find from 255, 255 to 0,0 on the map foreach(Tile tile in Map) { if(tile.Color == Color.Red) { if (tile.Position.Contains(endpoint)) { runnable = false; } } } if(runnable == true) { running = true; Pathfinder p = new Pathfinder(Map); pathway = p.FindPath(startpoint, endpoint); running = false; threadstarted = false; } }

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• Precise Touch Screen Dragging Issue: Trouble Aligning with the Finger due to Different Screen Resolution

  - by David Dimalanta

  Please, I need your help. I'm trying to make a game that will drag-n-drop a sprite/image while my finger follows precisely with the image without being offset. When I'm trying on a 900x1280 (in X [900] and Y [1280]) screen resolution of the Google Nexus 7 tablet, it follows precisely. However, if I try testing on a phone smaller than 900x1280, my finger and the image won't aligned properly and correctly except it still dragging. This is the code I used for making a sprite dragging with my finger under touchDragged(): x = ((screenX + Gdx.input.getX())/2) - (fruit.width/2); y = ((camera_2.viewportHeight * multiplier) - ((screenY + Gdx.input.getY())/2) - (fruit.width/2)); This code above will make the finger and the image/sprite stays together in place while dragging but only works on 900x1280. You'll be wondering there's camera_2.viewportHeight in my code. Here are for two reasons: to prevent inverted drag (e.g. when you swipe with your finger downwards, the sprite moves upward instead) and baseline for reading coordinate...I think. Now when I'm adding another orthographic camera named camera_1 and changing its setting, I recently used it for adjusting the falling object by meter per pixel. Also, it seems effective independently for smartphones that has smaller resolution and this is what I used here: show() camera_1 = new OrthographicCamera(); camera_1.viewportHeight = 280; // --> I set it to a smaller view port height so that the object would fall faster, decreasing the chance of drag force. camera_1.viewportWidth = 196; // --> Make it proportion to the original screen view size as possible. camera_1.position.set(camera_1.viewportWidth * 0.5f, camera_1.viewportHeight * 0.5f, 0f); camera_1.update(); touchDragged() x = ((screenX + (camera_1.viewportWidth/Gdx.input.getX()))/2) - (fruit.width/2); y = ((camera_1.viewportHeight * multiplier) - ((screenY + (camera_1.viewportHeight/Gdx.input.getY()))/2) - (fruit.width/2)); But the result instead of just following the image/sprite closely to my finger, it still has a space/gap between the sprite/image and the finger. It is possibly dependent on coordinates based on the screen resolution. I'm trying to drag the blueberry sprite with my finger. My expectation did not met since I want my finger and the sprite/image (blueberry) to stay close together while dragging until I release it. Here's what it looks like: I got to figure it out how to make independent on all screen sizes by just following the image/sprite closely to my finger while dragging even on most different screen sizes instead.

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• SWF file not playing after being published

  - by rsquare

  I'm trying to run the "connector" example that comes bundled with the SmartFoxServer 2X downloads.. There it connects to the server and loads the correct configuration file. When I run it in Adobe Flash Professional 5, it runs correctly and connects to the server but after being published as SWF movie, it doesnt work. It loads the configuration file but can't connect and gives an error connection failure: ERROR 2048. This is the example I'm talking about.

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• What calls trigger a new batch?

  - by sebf

  I am finding my project is starting to show performance degradation and I need to optimize it. The answer to my previous question and this presentation from NVidia have helped greatly in understanding the performance characteristics of code using the GPU but there are a couple of things that aren't clear that I need to know to optimize my drawing. Specifically, what calls make the distinction between batches. I know that any state changes cause a new batch, so that includes: Render State Changes Buffer Changes Shader Changes Render Target Changes Correct? What else counts as a 'state change'? Does each Draw**Primitive() call constitute a new batch? Even if I were to issue the same call twice, with no state changes, or call it once on on part of the buffer, then again on another? If I were to update a buffer, but not change the bindings, would that be a new batch? That presentation and a DX9 page suggest using all of the texture slots available, which I take to mean loading multiple objects in 'parallel' by mapping their buffers/shaders/textures to slots 1-16. But I am not sure how this works - surely to do this you would need to change the buffer binding and that would count as a state change? (or is it a case of you do but it saves 16 calls so its OK?)

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• OpenGLES GLSL Shader attributes always bound to 0

  - by codemonkey

  So I have a very simple vertex shader as follows #version 120 attribute vec3 position; attribute vec3 inColor; uniform mat4 mvp; varying vec3 fragColor; void main(void){ fragColor = inColor; gl_Position = mvp * vec4(position, 1.0); } Which I load, as well as the fragment shader: #version 120 varying vec3 fragColor; void main(void) { gl_FragColor = vec4(fragColor,1.0); } Which I then load, compile, and link to my shader program. I check for link status using glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &shaderSuccess); which returns GL_TRUE so I think its ok. However, when I query the active attributes and uniforms using #ifdef DEBUG int totalAttributes = -1; glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_ACTIVE_ATTRIBUTES, &totalAttributes); for(int i=0; i<totalAttributes; ++i) { int name_len=-1, num=-1; GLenum type = GL_ZERO; char name[100]; glGetActiveAttrib(shaderProgram, GLuint(i), sizeof(name)-1, &name_len, &num, &type, name ); name[name_len] = 0; GLuint location = glGetAttribLocation(shaderProgram, name); fprintf(stderr, "Attribute %s is bound at %d\n", name, location); } int totalUniforms = -1; glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_ACTIVE_UNIFORMS, &totalUniforms); for(int i=0; i<totalUniforms; ++i) { int name_len=-1, num=-1; GLenum type = GL_ZERO; char name[100]; glGetActiveUniform(shaderProgram, GLuint(i), sizeof(name)-1, &name_len, &num, &type, name ); name[name_len] = 0; GLuint location = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, name); fprintf(stderr, "Uniform %s is bound at %d\n", name, location); } #endif I get: Attribute inColor is bound at 0 Attribute position is bound at 1 Uniform mvp is bound at 0 Which leads to failure when trying to use the shader to render the objects. I have tried switching the order of declaration of position & inColor, but still, only position is bound with the other two giving 0 Can someone please explain why this is happening? Thanks

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• Doing a passable 4X game AI

  - by Extrakun

  I am coding a rather "simple" 4X game (if a 4X game can be simple). It's indie in scope, and I am wondering if there's anyway to come up with a passable AI without having me spending months coding on it. The game has three major decision making portions; spending of production points, spending of movement points and spending of tech points (basically there are 3 different 'currency', currency unspent at end of turn is not saved) Spend Production Points Upgrade a planet (increase its tech and production) Build ships (3 types) Move ships from planets to planets (costing Movement Points) Move to attack Move to fortify Research Tech (can partially research a tech i.e, as in Master of Orion) The plan for me right now is a brute force approach. There are basically 4 broad options for the player - Upgrade planet(s) to its his production and tech output Conquer as many planets as possible Secure as many planets as possible Get to a certain tech as soon as possible For each decision, I will iterate through the possible options and come up with a score; and then the AI will choose the decision with the highest score. Right now I have no idea how to 'mix decisions'. That is, for example, the AI wishes to upgrade and conquer planets at the same time. I suppose I can have another logic which do a brute force optimization on a combination of those 4 decisions.... At least, that's my plan if I can't think of anything better. Is there any faster way to make a passable AI? I don't need a very good one, to rival Deep Blue or such, just something that has the illusion of intelligence. This is my first time doing an AI on this scale, so I dare not try something too grand too. So far I have experiences with FSM, DFS, BFS and A*

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• how does server communication work in a flash game with a php backend

  - by Tim Rogers

  I am trying to create a browser game using actionscript/flash. Currently, I'm trying to understand how I would go about creating a back-end which interfaced with my MySQL database. As far as I understand, If I create a php file on a webserver called test.php and then navigate to a webpage hosted on the server eg. www.example.com/test, the php script will run and display the result in my browser. This would use http. Is this how communication between client and server usually works in a flash game? for example, if the game needed to query the db. Would actionscript have to essentially invoke the url of the php script that would execute the query? it could then parse the data and use it. If this is the case, then is JSON considered a good way to transfer data over http?

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