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  • How do I separate codes with classes?

    - by Trycon
    I have this main class: package javagame; import org.newdawn.slick.GameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.SlickException; import org.newdawn.slick.state.BasicGameState; import org.newdawn.slick.state.StateBasedGame; public class tests extends BasicGameState{ public boolean render=false; tests1 test = new tests1(); public tests(int test) { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } @Override public void init(GameContainer arg0, StateBasedGame arg1) throws SlickException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void render(GameContainer arg0, StateBasedGame arg1, Graphics g) throws SlickException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(render==true) { g.drawString("Hello",100,100); } } @Override public void update(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame s, int delta) throws SlickException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub test.render=render; test.update(gc, s, delta); } @Override public int getID() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return 1000; } } and its sub-class: package javagame; import org.newdawn.slick.GameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.Input; import org.newdawn.slick.state.StateBasedGame; public class tests1 { public boolean render; public void update(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame s, int delta) { Input input = gc.getInput(); if(input.isKeyPressed(Input.KEY_X)) { render=true; } } } I was finding a way to prevent many codes in one class. I'm new to java. When I try running my game, then when I press X, it does not work. How am I suppose to fix that?

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  • GLSL billboard move center of rotation

    - by Jacob Kofoed
    I have successfully set up a billboard shader that works, it can take in a quad and rotate it so it always points toward the screen. I am using this vertex-shader: void main(){ vec4 tmpPos = (MVP * bufferMatrix * vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)) + (MV * vec4( vertexPosition.x * 1.0 * bufferMatrix[0][0], vertexPosition.y * 1.0 * bufferMatrix[1][1], vertexPosition.z * 1.0 * bufferMatrix[2][2], 0.0) ); UV = UVOffset + vertexUV * UVScale; gl_Position = tmpPos; BufferMatrix is the model-matrix, it is an attribute to support Instance-drawing. The problem is best explained through pictures: This is the start position of the camera: And this is the position, looking in from 45 degree to the right: Obviously, as each character is it's own quad, the shader rotates each one around their own center towards the camera. What I in fact want is for them to rotate around a shared center, how would I do this? What I have been trying to do this far is: mat4 translation = mat4(1.0); translation = glm::translate(translation, vec3(pos)*1.f * 2.f); translation = glm::scale(translation, vec3(scale, 1.f)); translation = glm::translate(translation, vec3(anchorPoint - pos) / vec3(scale, 1.f)); Where the translation is the bufferMatrix sent to the shader. What I am trying to do is offset the center, but this might not be possible with a single matrix..? I am interested in a solution that doesn't require CPU calculations each frame, but rather set it up once and then let the shader do the billboard rotation. I realize there's many different solutions, like merging all the quads together, but I would first like to know if the approach with offsetting the center is possible. If it all seems a bit confusing, it's because I'm a little confused myself.

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  • What are the reasons for MMOs to have level caps [on hold]

    - by SamStephens
    In many MMOs players character progression is artificially capped, e.g. by level 60 or 90 or 100 or whatever. Why do MMOs have these level caps in the first place? Why not just allow characters to continue to arbitrary levels with a mathematically designed leveling system that keeps the leveling experience interesting and endless? Answers to this question may help us to see the reason behind the feature and decide if and how this should be implemented in our MMOs.

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  • How to translate along Z axis in OpenTK

    - by JeremyJAlpha
    I am playing around with an OpenGL sample application I downloaded for Xamarin-Android. The sample application produces a rotating colored cube I would simply like to edit it so that the rotating cube is translated along the Z axis and disappears into the distance. I modified the code by: adding an cumulative variable to store my Z distance, adding GL.Enable(All.DepthBufferBit) - unsure if I put it in the right place, adding GL.Translate(0.0f, 0.0f, Depth) - before the rotate functions, Result: cube rotates a couple of times then disappears, it seems to be getting clipped out of the frustum. So my question is what is the correct way to use and initialize the Z buffer and get the cube to travel along the Z axis? I am sure I am missing some function calls but am unsure of what they are and where to put them. I apologise in advance as this is very basic stuff but am still learning :P, I would appreciate it if anyone could show me the best way to get the cube to still rotate but to also move along the Z axis. I have commented all my modifications in the code: // This gets called when the drawing surface is ready protected override void OnLoad (EventArgs e) { // this call is optional, and meant to raise delegates // in case any are registered base.OnLoad (e); // UpdateFrame and RenderFrame are called // by the render loop. This is takes effect // when we use 'Run ()', like below UpdateFrame += delegate (object sender, FrameEventArgs args) { // Rotate at a constant speed for (int i = 0; i < 3; i ++) rot [i] += (float) (rateOfRotationPS [i] * args.Time); }; RenderFrame += delegate { RenderCube (); }; GL.Enable(All.DepthBufferBit); //Added by Noob GL.Enable(All.CullFace); GL.ShadeModel(All.Smooth); GL.Hint(All.PerspectiveCorrectionHint, All.Nicest); // Run the render loop Run (30); } void RenderCube () { GL.Viewport(0, 0, viewportWidth, viewportHeight); GL.MatrixMode (All.Projection); GL.LoadIdentity (); if ( viewportWidth > viewportHeight ) { GL.Ortho(-1.5f, 1.5f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); } else { GL.Ortho(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.5f, 1.5f, -1.0f, 1.0f); } GL.MatrixMode (All.Modelview); GL.LoadIdentity (); Depth -= 0.02f; //Added by Noob GL.Translate(0.0f,0.0f,Depth); //Added by Noob GL.Rotate (rot[0], 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); GL.Rotate (rot[1], 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); GL.Rotate (rot[2], 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); GL.ClearColor (0, 0, 0, 1.0f); GL.Clear (ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit); GL.VertexPointer(3, All.Float, 0, cube); GL.EnableClientState (All.VertexArray); GL.ColorPointer (4, All.Float, 0, cubeColors); GL.EnableClientState (All.ColorArray); GL.DrawElements(All.Triangles, 36, All.UnsignedByte, triangles); SwapBuffers (); }

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  • xbox thumbstick used to rotate sprite, basic formula makes it "stick" or feel "sticky" at 90 degree intervals! how do get smooth rotation?

    - by Hugh
    Context: C#, XNA game I am using a very basic formula to calculate what angle my sprite (spaceship for example) should be facing based on the xbox controller thumbstick ie. you use the thumbstick to rotate the ship! in my main update method: shuttleAngle = (float) Math.Atan2(newGamePadState.ThumbSticks.Right.X, newGamePadState.ThumbSticks.Right.Y); in my main draw method: spriteBatch.Draw(shuttle, shuttleCoords, sourceRectangle, Color.White, shuttleAngle, origin, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 1); as you can see its quite simple, i take the current radians from the thumbstick and store it in a float "shuttleAngle" and then use this as the rotation angle (in radians) arguement for drawing the shuttle. For some reason when i rotate the sprint it feels sticky at 0, 90, 180 and 270 degrees angles, it wants to settle at those angles. its not giving me a smooth and natural rotation like i would feel in a game that uses a similar mechanic. PS: my xbox controller is fine!

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  • 2D Platform Game Jumping

    - by Bradley Kreuger
    I'm currently writing a game in XNA for fun which uses C#. I have got my sprites loaded and when the character moves right he looks like he is running right and when he moves left he looks like he is running left. I been looking everywhere for a good coding example for how to create a jumping ability. I have read all the physics stuff that I can stand and it doesn't help when I can't figure out how to use say space bar to jump yet can't keep them from using space just jump again until they land.

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  • What happened to .fx files in D3D11?

    - by bobobobo
    It seems they completely ruined .fx file loading / parsing in D3D11. In D3D9, loading an entire effect file was D3DXCreateEffectFromFile( .. ), and you got a ID3DXEffect9, which had great methods like SetTechnique and BeginPass, making it easy to load and execute a shader with multiple techniques. Is this completely manual now in D3D11? The highest level functionality I can find is loading a SINGLE shader from an FX file using D3DX11CompileFromFile. Does anyone know if there's an easier way to load FX files and choose a technique? With the level of functionality provided in D3D11 now, it seems like you're better off just writing .hlsl files and forgetting about the whole idea of Techniques.

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  • isometric background that covers the viewport [on hold]

    - by Richard
    The background image should cover the viewport. The technique I use now is a loop with an innerloop that draws diamond shaped images on a canvas element, but it looks like a rotated square. This is a nice example: ,that covers the whole viewport. I have heard something about clickthrough maps, but what more ways are there that are most efficient with mobile devices and javascript? Any advice in grid design out there?.

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  • Want to develop my own primitive physics engine, don't know how to start with it's high-level architecture. Suggestions?

    - by Violet Giraffe
    Few years ago I tried to make a simple 3D game - billiards. Completed like 50%, stuck with physics. Basically, I only need to calculate balls rolling over flat surface, but it would be nice to make something more flexible. I know all the formulas and laws (most of them, anyway). the problem is I have no idea of how to make good physics engine architecture-wise. I tried google and other forums but didn't find what I was looking for. The only suggestion was to look at open-source engine, but I'm not that good a programmer to make heads or tails out of it...

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  • Smooth vector based jump

    - by Esa
    I started working on Wolfire's mathematics tutorials. I got the jumping working well using a step by step system, where you press a button and the cube moves to the next point on the jumping curve. Then I tried making the jumping happen during a set time period e.g the jump starts and lands within 1.5 seconds. I tried the same system I used for the step by step implementation, but it happens instantly. After some googling I found that Time.deltatime should be used, but I could not figure how. Below is my current jumping code, which makes the jump happen instantly. while (transform.position.y > 0) { modifiedJumperVelocity -= jumperDrag; transform.position += new Vector3(modifiedJumperVelocity.x, modifiedJumperVelocity.y, 0); } Where modifiedJumperVelocity is starting vector minus the jumper drag. JumperDrag is the value that is substracted from the modifiedJumperVelocity during each step of the jump. Below is an image of the jumping curve:

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  • What causes Box2D revolute joints to separate?

    - by nbolton
    I have created a rag doll using dynamic bodies (rectangles) and simple revolute joints (with lower and upper angles). When my rag doll hits the ground (which is a static body) the bodies seem to fidget and the joints separate. It looks like the bodies are sticking to the ground, and the momentum of the rag doll pulls the joint apart (see screenshot below). I'm not sure if it's related, but I'm using the Badlogic GDX Java wrapper for Box2D. Here's some snippets of what I think is the most relevant code: private RevoluteJoint joinBodyParts( Body a, Body b, Vector2 anchor, float lowerAngle, float upperAngle) { RevoluteJointDef jointDef = new RevoluteJointDef(); jointDef.initialize(a, b, a.getWorldPoint(anchor)); jointDef.enableLimit = true; jointDef.lowerAngle = lowerAngle; jointDef.upperAngle = upperAngle; return (RevoluteJoint)world.createJoint(jointDef); } private Body createRectangleBodyPart( float x, float y, float width, float height) { PolygonShape shape = new PolygonShape(); shape.setAsBox(width, height); BodyDef bodyDef = new BodyDef(); bodyDef.type = BodyType.DynamicBody; bodyDef.position.y = y; bodyDef.position.x = x; Body body = world.createBody(bodyDef); FixtureDef fixtureDef = new FixtureDef(); fixtureDef.shape = shape; fixtureDef.density = 10; fixtureDef.filter.groupIndex = -1; fixtureDef.filter.categoryBits = FILTER_BOY; fixtureDef.filter.maskBits = FILTER_STUFF | FILTER_WALL; body.createFixture(fixtureDef); shape.dispose(); return body; } I've skipped the method for creating the head, as it's pretty much the same as the rectangle method (just using a cricle shape). Those methods are used like so: torso = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 5, 0.25f, 1.5f); Body head = createRoundBodyPart(x, y + 7.4f, 1); Body leftLegTop = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 2.7f, 0.25f, 1); Body rightLegTop = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 2.7f, 0.25f, 1); Body leftLegBottom = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 1, 0.25f, 1); Body rightLegBottom = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 1, 0.25f, 1); Body leftArm = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 5, 0.25f, 1.2f); Body rightArm = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 5, 0.25f, 1.2f); joinBodyParts(torso, head, new Vector2(0, 1.6f), headAngle); leftLegTopJoint = joinBodyParts(torso, leftLegTop, new Vector2(0, -1.2f), 0.1f, legAngle); rightLegTopJoint = joinBodyParts(torso, rightLegTop, new Vector2(0, -1.2f), 0.1f, legAngle); leftLegBottomJoint = joinBodyParts(leftLegTop, leftLegBottom, new Vector2(0, -1), -legAngle * 1.5f, 0); rightLegBottomJoint = joinBodyParts(rightLegTop, rightLegBottom, new Vector2(0, -1), -legAngle * 1.5f, 0); leftArmJoint = joinBodyParts(torso, leftArm, new Vector2(0, 1), -armAngle * 0.7f, armAngle); rightArmJoint = joinBodyParts(torso, rightArm, new Vector2(0, 1), -armAngle * 0.7f, armAngle);

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  • Is it possible to design a multiplayer game which can be played from different devices?

    - by user9820
    I want to design a online multiplayer game for all gaming devices e.g. Desktop PC, internet browser, android phones, android tablets, iphone, ipad, XBOX 360 etc. Now my main requirement is that, I want all devices can be used to play the game in multiplayer mode toghether i.e. One player can be connected using PC another using android phone and other may be with iphone or ipad. My doubts are - How to make all devices to connect to common game server? What will be the logic for graphics and texture because all devices screen will be of different aspect ratio?

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  • Game engine design: Multiplayer and listen servers

    - by jarx
    My game engine right now consists of a working singleplayer part. I'm now starting to think about how to do the multiplayer part. I have found out that many games actually don't have a real singleplayer mode, but when playing alone you are actually hosting a local server as well, and almost everything runs as if you were in multiplayer (except that the data packets can be passed over an alternate route for better performance) My engine would need major refactoring to adapt to this model. There would be three possible modes: Dedicated client, Dedicated server and Client-Server (listen mode) * How often is the listen-server model used in the gaming industry? * What are the (dis)advantages of it? * What other options do I have?

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  • improve Collision detection memory usage (blocks with bullets)

    - by Eddy
    i am making a action platform 2D game, something like Megaman. I am using XNA to make it. already made player phisics,collisions, bullets, enemies and AIs, map editor, scorolling X Y camera (about 75% of game is finished ). as i progressed i noticed that my game would be more interesting to play if bullets would be destroyed on collision with regular(stationary ) map blocks, only problem is that if i use my collision detection (each bullet with each block) sometimes it begins to lag(btw if my bullet exits the screen player can see it is removed from bullet list) So how to improve my collision detection so that memory usage would be so high? :) ( on a map 300x300 blocks for example don't think that bigger map should be made); int block = 0; int bulet= 0; bool destroy_bullet = false; while (bulet < bullets.Count) { while (block < blocks.Count) { if (bullets[bulet].P_Bul_rec.Intersects( blocks[block].rect)) {//bullets and block are Lists that holds objects of bullet and block classes //P_Bul_rec just bullet rectangle destroy_bullet = true; } block++; } if (destroy_bullet) { bullets.RemoveAt(bulet); destroy_bullet = false; } else { bulet++; } block = 0; }

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  • Worker roles in Windows Azure to host a multiplayer server

    - by MrWiggels
    I've been doing research on where to host a simple multi-player backend for a simple game I'm developing. So as a first choice I downloaded the Windows Azure SDK, which provides a nice and simple emulator environment where you can test out your application before uploading. I also download the Azure Social Game Toolkit (Visit), and followed as far as my understanding can take me. So, down to the main question. Is there anybody with experience developing Azure applications. I'm developing a Action RPG game, in a similar vein to Diablo III. I was thinking of putting up Matchmaking, Friends Lists, etc. Is there another way to connect to Azure services via something like UDP or TCP for sending packets or does everything have to go through HTTP requests? Is it even possible to use HTTP request/response for something like this? All game commands will be simple. Because the game server and the clients will be kept in-sync and will have deterministic actions, I'm just going to send actions like "Use Primary Skill" and "Use Secondary Skill". Any hints, ideas, light bulbs or a smack-in-the-face presentation will be much appreciated.

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  • What makes puzzle games addictive?

    - by Bryan Denny
    I'm currently developing a puzzle game for Android that is sort of along the lines of Alchemy. I was wondering what makes games like Alchemy or Bejeweled so addicting? How do I keep players interested in the game to want to play it over and over? Is it the scores? Level advancement? The challenges? What should I be doing to try and keep a player engaged with a puzzle game since they are often quite repetitive?

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  • Moving in a diamond - enemy gets stuck

    - by Fibericon
    I have an enemy that I would like to move as follows: Start at (0, 200, 0) Move to (200, 0, 0) Move to (0, -200, 0) Move to (-200, 0, 0) Move to start point, repeat as long as it remains active. This is what I've done to achieve that: if (position.X < 200 && position.Y > 0) { Velocity = new Vector3(1, -1, 0) * speed; } else if (position.X >= 200 && position.Y <= 0 && position.Y > -200) { Velocity = new Vector3(-1, -1, 0) * speed; } else if (position.X <= 0 && position.Y <= -200) { Velocity = new Vector3(-1, 1, 0) * speed; } else { Velocity = new Vector3(1, 1, 0) * speed; } It moves to the second point, but then gets stuck and appears to vibrate in place. How should I be doing this?

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  • how to generate random bubbles from array of sprites in cocos2d?

    - by prakash s
    I am devoloping the bubble shooter game in cocos2d how to generate random bubbles from array of sprites here is my code (void)addTarget { CGSize winSize = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize]; //CCSprite *target = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"3.png" rect:CGRectMake(0, 0, 256, 256)]; NSMutableArray * movableSprites = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; NSArray *images = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1.png", @"2.png", @"3.png", @"4.png",@"5.png",@"1.png",@"5.png", @"3.png", nil]; for(int i = 0; i < images.count; ++i) { NSString *image = [images objectAtIndex:i]; // generate random number based on size of array (array size is larger than 10) CCSprite*target = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:image]; float offsetFraction = ((float)(i+1))/(images.count+1); target.position = ccp(winSize.width*offsetFraction, winSize.height/2); target.position = ccp(350*offsetFraction, 460); [self addChild:target]; [movableSprites addObject:target]; //[target runAction:]; id actionMove = [CCMoveTo actionWithDuration:10 position:ccp(winSize.width/2,winSize. height/2)]; This code generating bubbles with *.png colour bubbles but i want to generate randomly because for shooting the bubbles by shooter class help me please id actionMoveDone = [CCCallFuncN actionWithTarget:self selector:@selector(spriteMoveFinished:)]; [target runAction:[CCSequence actions:actionMove, actionMoveDone, nil]]; } }

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  • How to determine the end of list has been reached?

    - by Sweta Dwivedi
    I'm trying to animate my object according to a set of recorded values from kinect skeleton stream by saving the (x,y,z) stream from the skeletal data into a list and then set my objects x and y position from the x,y of the list. However, once the list end has been reached it starts to animate again from the start. I don't want that - I just want the model position to keep going in the positive X direction. Is there any way I can check if end of the list has been reached and to just update the model position in x direction? Or is there any other way to continue moving my sprite once the points in the list are over... i dont want it to start animating all the way again.. protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { //position += spriteSpeed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; //// TODO: Add your update logic here using (StreamReader r = new StreamReader(f)) { string line; Viewport view = graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport; int maxWidth = view.Width; int maxHeight = view.Height; while((line = r.ReadLine()) != null) { string[] temp = line.Split(','); int x = (int) Math.Floor(((float.Parse(temp[0]) * 0.5f) + 0.5f) * maxWidth); int y = (int) Math.Floor(((float.Parse(temp[1]) * -0.5f) + 0.5f) * maxHeight); motion_2.Add(new Point(x, y)); } } position.X = motion_2[i].X; position.Y = motion_2[i].Y; i++; a_butterfly_up.Update(gameTime); a_butterfly_side.Update(gameTime); G_vidPlayer.Play(mossV); base.Update(gameTime); }

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  • 3D zooming technique to maintain the relative position of an object on screen

    - by stark
    Is it possible to zoom to a certain point on screen by modifying the field of view and rotating the view of the camera as to keep that point/object in the same place on screen while zooming ? Changing the camera position is not allowed. I projected the 3D pos of the object on screen and remembered it. Then on each frame I calculate the direction to it in camera space and then I construct a rotation matrix to align this direction to Z axis (in cam space). After this, I calculate the direction from the camera to the object in world space and transform this vector with the matrix I obtained earlier and then use this final vector as the camera's new direction. And it's actually "kinda working", the problem is that it is more/less off than the camera's rotation before starting to zoom depending on the area you are trying to zoom in (larger error on edges/corners). It looks acceptable, but I'm not settling for only this. Any suggestions/resources for doing this technique perfectly? If some of you want to explain the math in detail, be my guest, I can understand these things well.

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  • strange behavior in Box2D+LibGDX when applying impulse

    - by Z0lenDer
    I have been playing around with Box2D and LibGDX and have been using a sample code from DecisionTreeGames as the testing ground. Now I have a screen with four walls and a rectangle shape, lets call it a brick. When I use applyLinearImpulse to the brick, it starts bouncing right and left without any pattern and won't stop! I tried adding friction and increasing the density, but the behavior still remains the same. Here are some of the code that might be useful: method for applying the impulse: center = brick.getWorldCenter(); brick.applyLinearImpulse(20, 0, center.x, center.y); Defining the brick: brick_bodyDef.type = BodyType.DynamicBody; brick_bodyDef.position.set(pos); // brick is initially on the ground brick_bodyDef.angle = 0; brick_body = world.createBody(brick_bodyDef); brick_body.setBullet(true); brick_bodyShape.setAsBox(w,h); brick_fixtureDef.density = 0.9f; brick_fixtureDef.restitution = 1; brick_fixtureDef.shape = brick_bodyShape; brick_fixtureDef.friction=1; brick_body.createFixture(fixtureDef); Walls are defined the same only their bullet value is set to false I would really appreciate it if you could help me have a change this code to have a realistic behavior (i.e. when I apply impulse to the brick it should trip a few times and then stop completely).

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  • Multiple Vertex Buffers per Mesh

    - by Daniel
    I've run into the situation where the size of my mesh with all its vertices and indices, is larger than the (optimal) vertex buffer object upper limit (~8MB). I was wondering if I can sub-divide the mesh across multiple vertex buffers, and somehow retain validity of the indices. Ie a triangle with a indice at the first vertex, and an indice at the last (ie in seperate VBOs). All the while maintaining this within Vertex Array Objects. My thoughts are, save myself the hassle, and for meshes (messes :P) such as this, just use the necessary size ( 8MB); which is what I do at the moment. But ideally my buffer manager (wip) at the moment is using optimal sizes; I may just have to make a special case then... Any ideas? If necessary, a simple C++ code example is appreciated. Note: I have also cross-posted this on stackoverflow, as I was not sure as to which it would be more suitable (its partly a design question).

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  • Fixed timestep with interpolation in AS3

    - by Jim Sreven
    I'm trying to implement Glenn Fiedler's popular fixed timestep system as documented here: http://gafferongames.com/game-physics/fix-your-timestep/ In Flash. I'm fairly sure that I've got it set up correctly, along with state interpolation. The result is that if my character is supposed to move at 6 pixels per frame, 35 frames per second = 210 pixels a second, it does exactly that, even if the framerate climbs or falls. The problem is it looks awful. The movement is very stuttery and just doesn't look good. I find that the amount of time in between ENTER_FRAME events, which I'm adding on to my accumulator, averages out to 28.5ms (1000/35) just as it should, but individual frame times vary wildly, sometimes an ENTER_FRAME event will come 16ms after the last, sometimes 42ms. This means that at each graphical redraw the character graphic moves by a different amount, because a different amount of time has passed since the last draw. In theory it should look smooth, but it doesn't at all. In contrast, if I just use the ultra simple system of moving the character 6px every frame, it looks completely smooth, even with these large variances in frame times. How can this be possible? I'm using getTimer() to measure these time differences, are they even reliable?

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  • Why do we use Pythagoras in game physics?

    - by Starkers
    I've recently learned that we use Pythagoras a lot in our physics calculations and I'm afraid I don't really get the point. Here's an example from a book to make sure an object doesn't travel faster than a MAXIMUM_VELOCITY constant in the horizontal plane: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = <any number>; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = MAXIMUM_VELOCITY * MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; function animate(){ var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; } } Let's try this with some numbers: An object is attempting to move 5 units in x and 5 units in z. It should only be able to move 5 units horizontally in total! MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5 * 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 25; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); var squared_horizontal_velocity = 5 * 5 + 5 * 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 25 + 25; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 50; // if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 50 <= 25 ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 50 / 25; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Now this works well, but we can do the same thing without Pythagoras: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity; var horizontal_velocity = 5 + 5; var horizontal_velocity = 10; // if( horizontal_velocity >= MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 10 >= 5 ){ scalar = horizontal_velocity / MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 10 / 5; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Benefits of doing it without Pythagoras: Less lines Within those lines, it's easier to read what's going on ...and it takes less time to compute, as there are less multiplications Seems to me like computers and humans get a better deal without Pythagoras! However, I'm sure I'm wrong as I've seen Pythagoras' theorem in a number of reputable places, so I'd like someone to explain me the benefit of using Pythagoras to a maths newbie. Does this have anything to do with unit vectors? To me a unit vector is when we normalize a vector and turn it into a fraction. We do this by dividing the vector by a larger constant. I'm not sure what constant it is. The total size of the graph? Anyway, because it's a fraction, I take it, a unit vector is basically a graph that can fit inside a 3D grid with the x-axis running from -1 to 1, z-axis running from -1 to 1, and the y-axis running from -1 to 1. That's literally everything I know about unit vectors... not much :P And I fail to see their usefulness. Also, we're not really creating a unit vector in the above examples. Should I be determining the scalar like this: // a mathematical work-around of my own invention. There may be a cleverer way to do this! I've also made up my own terms such as 'divisive_scalar' so don't bother googling var divisive_scalar = (squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY); var divisive_scalar = ( 50 / 25 ); var divisive_scalar = 2; var multiplicative_scalar = (divisive_scalar / (2*divisive_scalar)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / (2*2)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / 4); var multiplicative_scalar = 0.5; x_velocity = x_velocity * multiplicative_scalar x_velocity = 5 * 0.5 x_velocity = 2.5 Again, I can't see why this is better, but it's more "unit-vector-y" because the multiplicative_scalar is a unit_vector? As you can see, I use words such as "unit-vector-y" so I'm really not a maths whiz! Also aware that unit vectors might have nothing to do with Pythagoras so ignore all of this if I'm barking up the wrong tree. I'm a very visual person (3D modeller and concept artist by trade!) and I find diagrams and graphs really, really helpful so as many as humanely possible please!

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  • Math > Logic for a Logarithmic Score Meter

    - by oodavid
    I'm trying to implement a score meter whereby I specify a maximum value (say 15,000) and I can render values on it in a logarithmic manner ie: +------+---+--+-++ +------+---+--+-++ |== | |====== | +------+---+--+-++ +------+---+--+-++ 200 pts 1,000 pts +------+---+--+-++ +------+---+--+-++ |============= | |================| +------+---+--+-++ +------+---+--+-++ 5,000 pts 15,000 pts + The upper bound needs to be variable, and need to be able to convert a score to a percentage, using the above mockup as an example: score2pct(15000, 200) = 0.2 score2pct(15000, 1000) = 0.4 score2pct(15000, 5000) = 0.8 score2pct(15000, 15000) = 1 Does anyone have any pointers for me?

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