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  • characteristics of the abstract class

    - by Harsha
    Hello All, I like to know what makes a class to be called as absract class. I believe, abract key word definetly make a class class, but if one takes out the keyword, then we can create the instance of the class. In otherwords, what are the characteristics of the abstract class. Thanks in advance. -Harsha

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  • Binding functions of derived class with luabind

    - by Anamon
    I am currently developing a plugin-based system in C++ which provides a Lua scripting interface, for which I chose to use luabind. I'm using Lua 5 and luabind 0.9, both statically linked and compiled with MSVC++ 8. I am now having trouble binding functions with luabind when they are defined in a derived class, but not its parent class. More specifically, I have an abstract base class called 'IPlugin' from which all plugin classes inherit. When the plugin manager initialises, it registers that class and its functions like this: luabind::open(L); luabind::module(L) [ luabind::class_("IPlugin") .def("start", (void(IPlugin::*)())&IPlugin::start) ]; As it is only known at runtime what effective plugin classes are available, I had to solve loading plugins in a kind of roundabout way. The plugin manager exposes a factory function to Lua, which takes the name of a plugin class and a desired object name. The factory then creates the object, registers the plugin's class as inheriting from the 'IPlugin' base class, and immediately calls a function on the created object that registers itself as a global with the Lua state, like this: void PluginExample::registerLuaObject(lua_State *L, string a_name) { luabind::globals(L)[a_name] = (PluginExample*)this; } I initially did this because I had problems with Lua determining the most derived class of the object, as if I register it from the StreamManager it is only known as a subtype of 'IPlugin' and not the specific subtype. I'm not sure anymore if this is even necessary though, but it works and the created object is subsequently accessible from Lua under 'a_name'. The problem I have, though, is that functions defined in the derived class, which were not declared at all in the parent class, cannot be used. Virtual functions defined in the base class, such as 'start' above, work fine, and calling them from Lua on the new object runs the respective redefined code from the 'PluginExample' class. But if I add a new function to 'PluginExample', here for example a function taking no arguments and returning void, and register it like this: luabind::module(L) [ luabind::class_("PluginExample") .def(luabind::constructor()) .def("func", &PluginExample::func) ]; calling 'func' on the new object yields the following Lua runtime error: No matching overload found, candidates: void func(PluginExample&) I am correctly using the ':' syntax so the 'self' argument is not needed and it seems suddenly Lua cannot determine the derived type of the object anymore. I am sure I am doing something wrong, probably having to do with the two-step binding required by my system architecture, but I can't figure out where. I'd much appreciate some help =)

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  • Classification: Dealing with Abstain/Rejected Class

    - by abner.ayala
    I am asking for your input and/help on a classification problem. If anyone have any references that I can read to help me solve my problem even better. I have a classification problem of four discrete and very well separated classes. However my input is continuous and has a high frequency (50Hz), since its a real-time problem. The circles represent the clusters of the classes, the blue line the decision boundary and Class 5 equals the (neutral/resting do nothing class). This class is the rejected class. However the problem is that when I move from one class to the other I activate a lot of false positives in the transition movements, since the movement is clearly non-linear. For example, every time I move from class 5 (neutral class) to 1 I first see a lot of 3's before getting to the 1 class. Ideally, I will want my decision boundary to look like the one in the picture below where the rejected class is Class =5. Has a higher decision boundary than the others classes to avoid misclassification during transition. I am currently implementing my algorithm in Matlab using naive bayes, kNN, and SVMs optimized algorithms using Matlab. Question: What is the best/common way to handle abstain/rejected classes classes? Should I use (fuzzy logic, loss function, should I include resting cluster in the training)?

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  • How to "escape" the JavaScript class keyword to specify a CSS class value.

    - by Robert Claypool
    C# allows a reserved word to be used as a property name via the ampersand. e.g. // In ASP.NET MVC, we use @class to define // the css class attribute for some HtmlHelper methods. var htmlObject = new { readonly = "readonly", @class = "ui-state-highlight" } I want to do the same in JavaScript. e.g. function makeGrid(grid, pager) { grid.jqGrid({ caption: 'Configurations', colNames: ['Id', 'Name'], colModel: [ { name: 'Id', index: 'Id' }, { name: 'Name', index: 'Name', editable: true, editoptions: { readonly: 'readonly', class: 'FormElement readonly' } }, ], pager: pager, url: 'www.example.com/app/configurations") %>', editurl: 'www.example.com/app/configurations/edit") %>' }).navGrid(pager, { edit: true, add: false, del: false, search: false }, {}, {}, {}); } Note class: 'FormElement readonly' is supposed to set the css class value on jqGrid's edit dialog, but IE errors out on the reserved word. Is there an escape character in JavaScript too? #class? @class? &class? Otherwise, how might I tell jqGrid to set the css class on the popup editor? Thank you.

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  • Scala - Enumeration vs. Case-Classes

    - by tzofia
    I've created akka actor called LogActor. The LogActors's receive method handling messages from other actors and logging them to the specified log level. I can distinguish between the different levels in 2 ways. The first one: import LogLevel._ object LogLevel extends Enumeration { type LogLevel = Value val Error, Warning, Info, Debug = Value } case class LogMessage(level : LogLevel, msg : String) The second: (EDIT) abstract class LogMessage(msg : String) case class LogMessageError(msg : String) extends LogMessage(msg) case class LogMessageWarning(msg : String) extends LogMessage(msg) case class LogMessageInfo(msg : String) extends LogMessage(msg) case class LogMessageDebug(msg : String) extends LogMessage(msg) Which way is more efficient? does it take less time to match case class or to match enum value? (I read this question but there isn't any answer referring to the runtime issue)

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  • Passing Interface Class as a Parameter in Java

    - by aleclerc
    I have an interface: public interface IMech { } and a class that implements it public class Email implements IMech { } and a third class that has this method implemented: public void sendNotification( Class< IMech > mechanism ){ } now I'm trying to call that method like so foo.sendNotification(Email.class); but i keep getting an exception saying: The method sendNotification(Class<IMechanism>) in the type RemediationOperator is not applicable for the arguments (Class<EmailNotification>) Shouldn't this work if it interfaces that class?

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  • PHP Nested classes work... sort of?

    - by SeanJA
    So, if you try to do a nested class like this: //nestedtest.php class nestedTest{ function test(){ class E extends Exception{} throw new E; } } You will get an error Fatal error: Class declarations may not be nested in [...] but if you have a class in a separate file like so: //nestedtest2.php class nestedTest2{ function test(){ include('e.php'); throw new E; } } //e.php class E Extends Exception{} So, why does the second hacky way of doing it work, but the non-hacky way of doing it does not work?

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  • Singleton class issue in Qt

    - by sijith
    i created a singleton class and trying to access that class in other class but getting error "cannot access private member" Setupconfig is my singleton class and i am trying to access this class in other class which have QMainWindow Error 'Setupconfig::Setupconfig' : cannot access private member declared in class 'Setupconfig' ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Setupconfig.h static Setupconfig *buiderObj() { static Setupconfig *_setupObj= new Setupconfig(); return _setupObj; } private: Setupconfig(); ////////////////////////////////////// EasyBudget.h class EasyBudget : public QMainWindow, public Ui::EasyBudgetClass, public Setupconfig { Q_OBJECT public: Setupconfig *setupObj; } ////////////////////////////////////// EasyBudget.cpp EasyBudget::EasyBudget(QWidget *parent, Qt::WFlags flags) : QMainWindow(parent,Qt::FramelessWindowHint) { setupObj=Setupconfig::buiderObj(); }

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  • Loop append div and repeat

    - by Diego Vieira
    I have this code <div class="round-3-top"> <div class="round-2-top"> <div class="round-1-top"></div> <div class="round-1-bottom"></div> </div> <div class="round-2-bottom"> <div class="round-1-top"></div> <div class="round-1-bottom"></div> </div> </div> <div class="round-3-bottom"> <div class="round-2-top"> <div class="round-1-top"></div> <div class="round-1-bottom"></div> </div> <div class="round-2-bottom"> <div class="round-1-top"></div> <div class="round-1-bottom"></div> </div> </div> But i want generate dynamically, how i do that? Ex.: i have 4 rounds, this would be the generated code <div class="round-4-top"> <div class="round-3-top"> <div class="round-2-top"> <div class="round-1-top"></div> <div class="round-1-bottom"></div> </div> <div class="round-2-bottom"> <div class="round-1-top"></div> <div class="round-1-bottom"></div> </div> </div> <div class="round-3-bottom"> <div class="round-2-top"> <div class="round-1-top"></div> <div class="round-1-bottom"></div> </div> <div class="round-2-bottom"> <div class="round-1-top"></div> <div class="round-1-bottom"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="round-4-bottom"> <div class="round-3-top"> <div class="round-2-top"> <div class="round-1-top"></div> <div class="round-1-bottom"></div> </div> <div class="round-2-bottom"> <div class="round-1-top"></div> <div class="round-1-bottom"></div> </div> </div> <div class="round-3-bottom"> <div class="round-2-top"> <div class="round-1-top"></div> <div class="round-1-bottom"></div> </div> <div class="round-2-bottom"> <div class="round-1-top"></div> <div class="round-1-bottom"></div> </div> </div> </div> I try using TagBuilder in MVC C# but I can not do. What should happen is, if you are 3 rounds, adding he should go inside each div is like the example above. Any idea how can I develop it?

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  • Adding active class in menu only works on first page

    - by rileychuggins
    I have nav links that become active once they come into the window. I need to implement this on three separate pages on my website but the following scripts only work for the first page. var services_refresh = function () { // do stuff console.log('Stopped Scrolling'); if($('#ct_scans.anchor').visible()) { $('#our_services_sub_sections li a').removeClass('active'); $('#our_services_sub_sections li a[href="#ct_scans"]').addClass('active'); } else if($('#xray.anchor').visible()) { $('#our_services_sub_sections li a').removeClass('active'); $('#our_services_sub_sections li a[href="#xray"]').addClass('active'); } else if($('#fluoroscopy.anchor').visible()) { $('#our_services_sub_sections li a').removeClass('active'); $('#our_services_sub_sections li a[href="#fluoroscopy"]').addClass('active'); } else if($('#mri.anchor').visible()) { $('#our_services_sub_sections li a').removeClass('active'); $('#our_services_sub_sections li a[href="#mri"]').addClass('active'); } else if($('#neuroimaging.anchor').visible()) { $('#our_services_sub_sections li a').removeClass('active'); $('#our_services_sub_sections li a[href="#neuroimaging"]').addClass('active'); } else if($('#nuclear_medicine.anchor').visible()) { $('#our_services_sub_sections li a').removeClass('active'); $('#our_services_sub_sections li a[href="#nuclear_medicine"]').addClass('active'); } else if($('#ultrasound.anchor').visible()) { $('#our_services_sub_sections li a').removeClass('active'); $('#our_services_sub_sections li a[href="#ultrasound"]').addClass('active'); } else if($('#mammography.anchor').visible()) { $('#our_services_sub_sections li a').removeClass('active'); $('#our_services_sub_sections li a[href="#mammography"]').addClass('active'); } else if($('#breast_ultrasound.anchor').visible()) { $('#our_services_sub_sections li a').removeClass('active'); $('#our_services_sub_sections li a[href="#breast_ultrasound"]').addClass('active'); } else if($('#breast_biopsy.anchor').visible()) { $('#our_services_sub_sections li a').removeClass('active'); $('#our_services_sub_sections li a[href="#breast_biopsy"]').addClass('active'); } else if($('#breast_mri.anchor').visible()) { $('#our_services_sub_sections li a').removeClass('active'); $('#our_services_sub_sections li a[href="#breast_mri"]').addClass('active'); } else if($('#osteoporosis.anchor').visible()) { $('#our_services_sub_sections li a').removeClass('active'); $('#our_services_sub_sections li a[href="#osteoporosis"]').addClass('active'); } }; Here is my HTML for the first page that works: <ul id="our_services_sub_sections" class="diagnostic_images"> <li><a class="scroll active" href="#ct_scans">CT Scans</a></li> <li><a class="scroll" href="#xray">X-Ray</a></li> <li><a class="scroll" href="#fluoroscopy">Fluoroscopy</a></li> <li><a class="scroll" href="#mri">MRI</a></li> <li><a class="scroll" href="#neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a></li> <li><a class="scroll" href="#nuclear_medicine">Nuclear Medicine</a></li> <li><a class="scroll" href="#ultrasound">Ultrasound</a></li> </ul> Here is my HTML for the second page which does not work: <ul id="our_services_sub_sections" class="womens_imaging"> <li><a class="scroll active" href="#mammography">Mammography</a></li> <li><a class="scroll" href="#breast_ultrasound">Breast Ultrasound</a></li> <li><a class="scroll" href="#breast_biopsy">Breast Biopsy</a></li> <li><a class="scroll" href="#breast_mri">Breast MRI</a></li> <li><a class="scroll osteo" href="#osteoporosis">Osteoporosis<br />Evaluation (DEXA)</a></li> </ul> Why is this not working?

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  • Nested class with hidden constructor impossible in c#?

    - by luckyluke
    I' ve been doing some programming lately and faced an issue which i found weird in c#. (at least for me) public class Foo { //whatever public class FooSpecificCollection : List<Bar> { //implementation details } public FooSpecificCollection GetFoosStuff() { //return the collection } } I want the consumer of Foo to be able to obtain a reference to FooSpecificCollection, even perform some operations on it. Maybe even set it to some other property of Foo or smth like that, but not To be able to CREATE an instance of this class. (the only class that should be able to instatiate this collection should be Foo. Is my request really that far-fetched? I know that people way smarter defined c# but shouldn't there be such an option that a parent class can create a nested class instance but nobody else can't. So far I created a solution to make an abstract class, or interface available through the property and implement a concrete private class that is not available anywhere else. Is this a correct way to handle such a situation.?

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  • Workaround for abstract attributes in Java

    - by deamon
    In Scala I would write an abstract class with an abstract attribute path: abstract class Base { val path: String } class Sub extends Base { override val path = "/demo/" } Java doesn't know abstract attributes and I wonder what would be the best way to work around this limitation. My ideas: a) constructor parameter abstract class Base { protected String path; protected Base(String path) { this.path = path; } } class Sub extends Base { public Sub() { super("/demo/"); } } b) abstract method abstract class Base { // could be an interface too abstract String getPath(); } class Sub extends Base { public String getPath() { return "/demo/"; } } Which one do you like better? Other ideas? I tend to use the constructor since the path value should not be computed at runtime.

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  • Selecting first instance of class but not nested instances via jQuery

    - by DA
    Given the following hypothetical markup: <ul class="monkey"> <li> <p class="horse"></p> <p class="cow"></p> </li> </ul> <dl class="monkey"> <dt class="horse"></dt> <dd class="cow"> <dl> <dt></dt> <dd></dd> </dl> <dl class="monkey"> <dt class="horse"></dt> <dd class="cow"></dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> I want to be able to grab the 'first level' of horse and cow classes within each monkey class. But I don't want the NESTED horse and cow classes. I started with .children, but that won't work with the UL example as they aren't direct children of .monkey. I can use find: $('.monkey').find('.horse, .cow') but that returns all instances, including the nested ones. I can filter the find: $('.monkey').find('.horse, .cow').not('.cow .horse, .cow .cow') but that prevents me from selecting nested instances on a second function call. So...I guess what I'm looking for is 'find first "level" of this descendant'. I could likely do this with some looping logic, but was wondering if there is a selector and/or some combo of selectors that would achieve that logic.

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  • Detect LaTeX class name

    - by Matthew Leingang
    I'm working on a LaTeX package which might need to do some things differently depending on the class that's being used. I'm wondering if there's a way to auto-detect or test the document class. One could certainly look up the class files and test for the existence of a specific macro defined by that class, but is there a smarter way? I looked at the definition of the \ProvidesClass macro and can't see if it saves the class name anywhere except \@currname. I believe \@currname is just the name of the current package or class being read. Basically I want to execute \author{\longauthorname} in the article class but \author[\shortauthorname]{\longauthorname} in the beamer class.

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  • Zend Framework decorator subform add a class tag to DD wrapper tag

    - by Samuele
    I have this form: class Request_Form_Prova extends Zend_Form { public function init() { $this->setMethod('post'); $SubForm_Step = new Zend_Form_SubForm(); $SubForm_Step->setAttrib('class','Step'); $this->addSubform($SubForm_Step, 'Chicco'); $PrivacyCheck = $SubForm_Step->createElement('CheckBox', 'PrivacyCheck'); $PrivacyCheck->setLabel('I have read and I agre bla bla...') ->setRequired(true) ->setUncheckedValue(''); $PrivacyCheck->getDecorator('Label')->setOption('class', 'inline'); $SubForm_Step->addElement($PrivacyCheck); $SubForm_Step->addElement('submit', 'submit', array( 'ignore' => true, 'label' => 'OK', )); } } That generate this HTML: <form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="post" action=""> <dl class="zend_form"> <dt id="Chicco-label">&nbsp;</dt> <dd id="Chicco-element"> <fieldset id="fieldset-Chicco" class="Step"> <dl> <dt id="Chicco-PrivacyCheck-label"><label for="Chicco-PrivacyCheck" class="inline required">I have read and I agre bla bla...</label></dt> <dd id="Chicco-PrivacyCheck-element"> <input type="hidden" name="Chicco[PrivacyCheck]" value=""><input type="checkbox" name="Chicco[PrivacyCheck]" id="Chicco-PrivacyCheck" value="1"> </dd> <dt id="submit-label">&nbsp;</dt> <dd id="submit-element"> <input type="submit" name="Chicco[submit]" id="Chicco-submit" value="OK"> </dd> </dl> </fieldset> </dd> </dl> </form> How can I add a class="Test" to the <dd id="Chicco-element"> elemnt? In order to have it like that: <dd id="Chicco-element" class="Test"> I thought something like that but it don't work: $SubForm_Step->getDecorator('DdWrapper')->setOption('class', 'Test'); OR $SubForm_Step->getDecorator('DtDdWrapper')->setOption('class', 'Test'); How can I do it? And last question: How can I wrap that DD and DT element of a SubForm in another DL element? Like that: ( second line ) <dl class="zend_form"> <dl> <dt id="Chicco-label">&nbsp;</dt> <dd id="Chicco-element"> <fieldset id="fieldset-Chicco" class="Step"> <dl> .......

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  • Django models & Python class attributes

    - by Geo
    The tutorial on the django website shows this code for the models: from django.db import models class Poll(models.Model): question = models.CharField(max_length=200) pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published') class Choice(models.Model): poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll) choice = models.CharField(max_length=200) votes = models.IntegerField() Now, each of those attribute, is a class attribute, right? So, the same attribute should be shared by all instances of the class. A bit later, they present this code: class Poll(models.Model): # ... def __unicode__(self): return self.question class Choice(models.Model): # ... def __unicode__(self): return self.choice How did they turn from class attributes into instance attributes? Did I get class attributes wrong?

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  • PHP static function self:: in joomla JFactory class explanation?

    - by Carbon6
    Hi I'm looking at the code of Joomla and trying to figure out what exactly happends in this function. index.php makes a call to function $app = JFactory::getApplication('site'); jfactory.php code public static function getApplication($id = null, $config = array(), $prefix='J') { if (!self::$application) { jimport('joomla.application.application'); self::$application = JApplication::getInstance($id, $config, $prefix); } return self::$application; } application.php code.. public static function getInstance($client, $config = array(), $prefix = 'J') { static $instances; if (!isset($instances)) { $instances = array(); } ....... more code ........ return $instances[$client]; } Now I cannot figure out in function getApplication why is self:$application used. self::$application = JApplication::getInstance($id, $config, $prefix); $application is always null, what is the purpose of using this approach. I tryied modifying it to $var = JApplication::getInstance($id, $config, $prefix); and returnig it but it doesn't work. I would be very glad if someone with more knowledge could explain what is happening here detailed as possible. Many thanks.

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  • How to copy subdirectories of multiple un-named directories

    - by Scrubbie
    Using just Ant, I want to copy subdirectories of some top-level directories but the names of top-level directories can change so I need Ant to programatically determine which directories to copy. In other words, given the sample directory structure below, copy the contents of each ./<projectX>/bin directory to ./bin. bin project1 \-- bin \-- com \-- name \-- dir1 \-- file1.class \-- file2.class \-- file3.class \-- dir2 \-- file4.class \-- file5.class project2 \-- bin \-- com \-- name \-- dir3 \-- file6.class \-- file7.class \-- file8.class project3 \-- bin \-- com \-- name \-- dir4 \-- file9.class \-- dir5 \-- file10.class \-- file11.class And the end result would be a bin directory that looks like this: bin \-- com \-- name \-- dir1 \-- file1.class \-- file2.class \-- file3.class \-- dir2 \-- file4.class \-- file5.class \-- dir3 \-- file6.class \-- file7.class \-- file8.class \-- dir4 \-- file9.class \-- dir5 \-- file10.class \-- file11.class I've tried <copy todir="${basedir}/bin"> <fileset dir="${basedir}"> <include name="**/bin/*"/> <exclude name="bin"/> </fileset> </copy> but that includes the projectX/bin directories underneath the top-level bin directory.

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  • why the class of subclass is superclass

    - by Raj
    def singleton_class class << self self end end end class Human proc = lambda { puts 'proc says my class is ' + self.name.to_s } singleton_class.instance_eval do define_method(:lab) do proc.call end end end class Developer < Human end Human.lab # class is Human Developer.lab # class is Human ; oops Why Developer.lab is reporting that it is Human ?

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  • Python:How to override inner class methods if the inner class is defined as a property of the top cl

    - by Maddy
    I have a code snippet like this class A(object): class b: def print_hello(self): print "Hello world" b = property(b) And I want to override the inner class 'b'(please dont worry about the lowercase name) behaviour. Say, I want to add a new method or I want to change an existing method, like: class C(A): class b(A.b): def print_hello(self): print "Inner Class: Hello world" b = property(b) Now if I create C's object as c = C(), and call c.b I get TypeError: 'property' object is not callable error. How would I get pass this and call print_hello of the extended inner class? Disclaimer: I dont want to change the code for A class.

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