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• Design cache mechanism

  - by Delashmate

  Hi All, I got assignment to write design for cache mechanism, This is my first time writing a design document, Our program display images for doctors, and we wan't to reduce the parsing time of the images So we want to save the parsed data in advance (in files or inside database) Currently I have several design key ideas Handle locks - each shared data structure should be handled, also files Test - add test to verify the data from the cache is equal to the data from the files To decouple the connection to the database- not to call directly to the database Cleanup mechanisem- to delete old files if the cahce directory exceed configurable threshold Support config file Support performance tool in the feature I will also add class diagram, data flow charts, and workflow What do you think I should add to the key ideas? Do you know good link to atricales about design? Thanks in advance, Dan

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• Does @import in CSS result in additional http requests?

  - by Mo Boho

  I have an ecommerce site that has about 8 CSS files linked from the header - resulting in 8 separate http requests to the server. I consolidated all the CSS files into 1 big one, resulting in a 67kb (!) file - to cut down the http requests to 1 for our css files. I'm finding this size a CSS file a little unmanageable in light of the fact I'm performing updates on the site constantly. My concern is my users may catch me in the middle of updating and see a NON-styled page when moving from page to page - b/c 67kb still takes a good 2-3 seconds before it is successfully placed on the remote server via FTP. My question is: does the use of @import within this large CSS file to break up the files into smaller more manageable sizes (within that CSS file) take us back to the original 8 http-requests when the pages is loaded? Or are @imports in CSS handle differently somehow?

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• Background loading javascript into iframe without using jQuery/Ajax?

  - by user210099

  I'm working on an offline only help system which requires loading a large amount of search-related data into an iframe before the search functionality can be used. Due to the folder structure of the project, I am unable to use Ajax-related background load methods, since the files I need are loaded a few directories "up and over." I have written some code which delays the loading of the help data until the rest of the webpage is loaded. The help data consists of a bunch of javascript files which have information about the terms, ect that exist in the help books which are installed on the system. The webpage works fine, until I start to load this help data into a hidden iframe. While the javascript files are loading, I can not use any of the webpage. Links that require a small files be downloaded for hover over effects don't show up, javascript (switching tabs on the page) has no effect. I'm wondering if this is just a limitation of the way javascript works, or if there's something else going on here. Once all the files are loaded for the help system, the webpage works as expected. function test(){ var MGCFrame = eval("parent.parent"); if((ALLFRAMESLOADED == true)){ t2 = MGCFrame.setTimeout("this.IHHeader.frames[0].loadData()",1); } else{ t1 = MGCFrame.setTimeout("this.IHHeader.frames[0].test()",1000); } } Load data simply starts the data loading process. Thanks for any help you can provide.

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• How to make a call to an executable from Python script?

  - by fx

  I need to execute this script from my Python script. Is it possible? The script generate some outputs with some files being written. How do I access these files? I have tried with subprocess call function but without success. fx@fx-ubuntu:~/Documents/projects/foo$ bin/bar -c somefile.xml -d text.txt -r aString -f anotherString >output The application "bar" also references to some libraries, it also creates some files besides the output. How do I get access to these files? Just by using open()? Thank you,

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• Trouble with THTML file GDIPL2A.pas

  - by vas

  Running a project and was getting an error saying "Not enough actual parameters" The error is in "C:\Program Files\PBear\HTMLComponents\package\GDIPL2A.pas". The mistake pointed three times to "inherited Create;" lines 260,270 and 278 . In the file "GDIPL2A.pas".the Code is:- var err: integer; begin inherited Create; err := GdipCreateBitmapFromScan0(W, H, 0, PixelFormat32bppARGB, nil, fHandle); if err <> 0 then raise EGDIPlus.Create('Can''t create bitmap'); end; I was wondering why it would show an error in "THTML" files, WHICH ARE NOTHING BUT FILES FROM THE INSTALLATION of THTML.I did not even touch THTML files. Kindly help Thanks and Regards Vas

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• My webpage ignores changes in CSS file

  - by Pavel

  No matter what I change in my .css file, the page remains the same - what's more, neither changing the link tag so that it points to another .css file nor deleting it completely makes no difference. Other changes in html code are applied. The sourcecode of the webpage shows everything as it should be. This behavior started when I redirected the link tag from previous file to the one I use now (plus there have been some changes in the tag while this problem occured, to test the behavior of my webpage); changes in neither file affect the page. For the first time when this happened, this was caused by copies of head tag in included chunks of code (for header, left menu etc. - their head part overrode the head part of the main page) and the problem was solved by removing these redundant heads from these files. But it happened again when I changed the link tag for the next time. I couldn't find any head parts in my included files, but the problem lasts (only solution I can see now is to delete the included files and copy the code directly to the file, but this would mean lots of redundant code). How can I solve this problem, so that my page response to changes in .css files without increasing redundancy? How to ensure that I can change the link to .css file just on one place with no such problems? Do I have to unload the CSS file somehow? I saw this problem both in Firefox and in Chrome. I use PSPad to write the code, just in case it would play role. EDIT: I have cleared browser cache now, and I changed the link to .css files from one to another before, but nothing helped. Now I accept the best answer saying the problem is in caching and I start a related question to find out how to solve the caching issue. If the other question's answers would say that in this case I can be sure that problem isn't in caching (very unlikely, but fail of ordinary methods of caching-problems-solving is unlikely too), I'd update this question and start searching for other possible problems, but now the message seems to be clear: when webpage ignores changes in .css files, caching is to blame.

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• incapsulation of a code inmatlab

  - by user531225

  my code is pathname=uigetdir; filename=uigetfile('*.txt','choose a file name.'); data=importdata(filename); element= (data.data(:,10)); in_array=element; pattern= [1 3]; locations = cell(1, numel(pattern)); for p = 1:(numel(pattern)) locations{p} = find(in_array == pattern(p)); end idx2 = []; for p = 1:numel(locations{1}) start_value = locations{1}(p); for q = 2:numel(locations) found = true; if (~any((start_value + q - 1) == locations{q})) found = false; break; end end if (found) idx2(end + 1) = locations{1}(p); end end [m2,n2]=size(idx2) res_name= {'one' 'two'}; res=[n n2]; In this code I finding a pattern in one of the column of my data file and counting how many times it's repeated. I have like 200 files that I want to do the same with them but unfotunatlly I'm stuck. this is what I have added so far pathname=uigetdir; files=dir('*.txt'); for k=1:length(files) filename=files(k).name; data(k)=importdata(files(k).name); element{k}=data(1,k).data(:,20); in_array=element;pattern= [1 3]; locations = cell(1, numel(pattern)); for p = 1:(numel(pattern)) locations{p} = find(in_array{k}== pattern(p)); end idx2{k} = []; how can I continue this code..??

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• How to make database acces for multiple user acces?

  - by Yusan Susandi

  I have database acces(.mdb) for my application desktop(c#) like billing application, i want that database shared to open database by multiple user. Realy now i'm use that database in computer one that fine connection succesfully but when i'm try to open database in computer two i have error message like "database has open exclusive by other user or you not have permision" what i'm to do... Please anyone help me.. tanks. Regards, Yusan Susandi

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• SVN moving duplicate directory structures onto one another

  - by Nash0

  I have duplicate directory structures in two locations that I need to merge together in an svn repository. By "merge" I mean I want all files and folder that are unique to structure b to be moved into structure a. When I try to do this using svn move I get the error svn: Path 'com' already exists The folders look like this: src -> com -> (many more files and directories) -> java -> com -> (some files and folders, some folders overlap but all files are unique) src\com is a and src\java\com is b.

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• using eclipse to connect to remote machine[linux server] using ssh

  - by lalit

  Hi, I am searching out for solution to use any of the IDE's such as Netbeans/ eclipse to run .jsp and .java files from a remote machine using linux as the OS. The .java and .jsp files are on the server . So, an IDE which would let me access the server and let me update the files directly on the server would be great. I use SSH terminal to connect to the server to update and get files. Now, if there was an easier way to just have an access using IDE to the linux remote machine. that would be great. Please let me know regarding the same. Thank you very much for your time. Regards.

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• No class def find error

  - by John Smith

  I have the following piece of code which helps me to read the paths of all the files in a directory and its subdirectories : File dir = new File("directory path"); try { System.out.println("Getting all files in " + dir.getCanonicalPath() + " including those in subdirectories"); } catch (IOException e1) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e1.printStackTrace(); } List<File> files = (List<File>) FileUtils.listFiles(dir, TrueFileFilter.INSTANCE, TrueFileFilter.INSTANCE); for (File file : files) { try { System.out.println("file: " + file.getCanonicalPath()); } catch (IOException e1) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e1.printStackTrace(); } } The problem is that I get a java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/io/filefilter/TrueFileFilter error. I've imported the necessary libraries. I mention that I work on a plugin project. This code runs in a class with main function. I don't understand why it gave me this error. Thank you !

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• (Rails) How do I reference resources from non-restful views...?

  - by humble_coder

  Hi All, How do you ensure that your javascript includes get included properly for all files everywhere using a particular layout? Basically I have some non-restful actions that I've added. I haven't added any ROUTES for them, however, using normal text rendering works fine. It's when I start requiring different "swf" and "js" files (files which are properly placed in PUBLIC) that things get hairy. I start receiving "406 Not Acceptable" errors telling me that it's looking for the files in a subdirectory of the current controller. As it stands I'm in including the JS in "application" layout file. It works for the INDEX action, but doesn't seem to work for any of the non-restful actions. Thoughts?

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• Cannot get variable.replace working properly.

  - by chrissygormley

  Hello, I am trying to replace a string with a new string in a python file and write the new string permanently to it. When I run the below script it removes part of the string and not all of it. The string in the file is: self.id = "027FC8EBC2D1" And the script I have to replace the string is: def edit(): o = open("test.py","r+") #open for line in open("test.py"): line = line.replace("027FC8EBC2D1","NewValue") o.write(line) o.close() edit() Thanks for any help.

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• SElinux integrety check

  - by Alex

  How can i check (with SELinux) access to the file by process name? For examle: we have 2 process: * /usr/bin/foo1 * /usr/bin/foo2 They are run under account with username userA and try to open for modify file: /home/userA/test.txt I want that if foo1 try to open file - it's ok. But if foo2 try to open this file - i have message about this in /var/log Problem is that both processes have the same user ID. And i cant use RBAC by username.

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• Removing a text block from a file : sed ?

  - by user555338

  Hi, Following an attack, I need to remove 4 lines of text added to .htaccess files in my site, and was thinking SED would be the way to go, but cannot see how in spire of many attempts. The added lines are RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} ^http:// RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !%{HTTP_HOST} RewriteRule . http://targeturlhere.net/%{REMOTE_ADDR} I managed to create the script to remove added htaccess files containing those lines only, but for existing htaccess files in which that was appended I have to edit the file and cannot delete it. I cannot just remove line by line nor use "RewriteEngine On" as the start marker, as this instruction "RewriteEngine On" is sometimes legitimate elsewhere in the file. In most cases those lines are the last, but I guess in other files they could be in the middle, so I was trying to remove exactly that block - and have a script I could reuse in a similar case. (Edit: my 4 lines are below one another, no blank line in between but the editor here seems to either show no breakline, or one adding a blank line) Any hint or tip ? Thanks.

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• How to change text via jQuery?

  - by Will Merydith

  I am trying to change the "show more" text depending on the state. This isn't working: <div id="description"> text goes here </div> <div id="more-less-container"> <a href="#" id="more-less">expand / collapse</a> </div> <script> var open = false; $('#more-less').click(function() { if (open) { $('#description').animate({height:'10em'}); $('#more-less').innerHTML ='show less'; } else { $('#description').animate({height:'100%'}); $('#more-less').innerHTML ='show more'; } open = !open; }); </script>

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• Can you have 2 completely independent instances of Eclipse running at the same time?

  - by froadie

  I'm sure there isn't really a way to do this, but figured it doesn't hurt to ask... I use Eclipse a lot. I'm currently using it for both Java and Python (with PyDev). I often find that I have one project open, with lots of files, say in Java... And then for some reason I have to switch to a Python project for a bit. I want to leave my Java project the way it is, and I don't just want to open tons of Python files in the same place because then I have too much open at once and get a headache and confused. Is there any way I can just leave the Java project exactly the way it is, and sort of open a completely new session of Eclipse? (sort of the way you can do with a browser) Or is this just wishful thinking?

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• How can I see the C/C++ #include graph easily?

  - by CannibalSmith

  I'm looking for a tool (preferably, a Visual Studio plugin) that would display all files included by a given file and show all files included by those files and so on.

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• redefinition c++

  - by coubeatczech

  hi, how does header including in c++ work? I have the classes already implemented in .h file and when there is #include in two files, there's this error: files.h:14:7: error: redefinition of ‘class abstract_file’ files.h:14:20: error: previous definition of ‘class abstract_file’ multiple times for each class and enum. Can anyone explain this?

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• How do programs handle file "opened with..." them?

  - by hmind

  I am wondering if someone could point me in the right direction. You know how for example, in most IDEs, if you open a source file with "open with", it runs the program and opens it up? and then if you open another one, it opens it in a new tab in the same process? My question is NOT how to add a program to the shell commands, but rather: How would a C# application "receive" a PDF file for example? How would the application open the file in the same process when another file is run with it (not having to instances of the program)?

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• Cannot get list of elements using Linq to XML

  - by Blackator

  Sample XML: <CONFIGURATION> <Files> <File>D:\Test\TestFolder\TestFolder1\TestFile.txt</File> <File>D:\Test\TestFolder\TestFolder1\TestFile01.txt</File> <File>D:\Test\TestFolder\TestFolder1\TestFile02.txt</File> <File>D:\Test\TestFolder\TestFolder1\TestFile03.txt</File> <File>D:\Test\TestFolder\TestFolder1\TestFile04.txt</File> </Files> <SizeMB>3</SizeMB> <BackupLocation>D:\Log backups\File backups</BackupLocation> </CONFIGURATION> I've been doing some tutorials but I am unable to get all the list of file inside the files element. It only shows the first element and doesn't display the rest. This is my code: var fileFolders = from file in XDocument.Load(@"D:\Hello\backupconfig1.xml").Descendants("Files") select new { File = file.Element("File").Value }; foreach (var fileFolder in fileFolders) { Console.WriteLine("File = " + fileFolder.File); } How do I display all the File in the Files element, the SizeMB and BackupLocation? Thanks

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• xhtml to Wordpress?

  - by user1762554

  I am in the process of learning xhtml/html5/PHP, and I have grasped the majority of the concepts of these languages. What I do not understand is if I have multiple pages in xhtml such as home(index)html, about.html, blog.html, etc., do I need to convert all of those pages to php files? I've downloaded a few templates from the web to look at the php files, but in the template folder there is no individual files for the menu categories, just the usual .php files for created a wp theme. Why is this?

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• jQuery Hover/Click event on same DIV (Mobile Devices)

  - by Aaron

  I've written a simple script that displays circles over an image. When you hover over a circle it expands to a tooltip. $('div.tooltip').live({mouseenter:function(e){ ... animate tooltip open; },mouseleave:function(e){ ... animate tooltip closed; }}); When you click on the open tooltip it displays a lightbox with more information. $('div.tooltip').live('click',function(e){ ... open related lightbox }); Everything works as it should, except on mobile devices. When I tap the circle to open the tooltip it fires the click event and completely bypasses the mouseenter/mouseexit events. Any ideas would be greatly appreciated :) Thanks

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• Upgrading Team Foundation Server 2008 to 2010

  - by Martin Hinshelwood

  I am sure you will have seen my posts on upgrading our internal Team Foundation Server from TFS2008 to TFS2010 Beta 2, RC and RTM, but what about a fresh upgrade of TFS2008 to TFS2010 using the RTM version of TFS. One of our clients is taking the plunge with TFS2010, so I have the job of doing the upgrade. It is sometimes very useful to have a team member that starts work when most of the Sydney workers are heading home as I can do the upgrade without impacting them. The down side is that if you have any blockers then you can be pretty sure that everyone that can deal with your problem is asleep I am starting with an existing blank installation of TFS 2010, but Adam Cogan let slip that he was the one that did the install so I thought it prudent to make sure that it was OK. Verifying Team Foundation Server 2010 We need to check that TFS 2010 has been installed correctly. First, check the Admin console and have a root about for any errors. Figure: Even the SQL Setup looks good. I don’t know how Adam did it! Backing up the Team Foundation Server 2008 Databases As we are moving from one server to another (recommended method) we will be taking a backup of our TFS2008 databases and resorting them to the SQL Server for the new TFS2010 Server. Do not just detach and reattach. This will cause problems with the version of the database. If you are running a test migration you just need to create a backup of the TFS 2008 databases, but if you are doing the live migration then you should stop IIS on the TFS 2008 server before you backup the databases. This will stop any inadvertent check-ins or changes to TFS 2008. Figure: Stop IIS before you take a backup to prevent any TFS 2008 changes being written to the database. It is good to leave a little time between taking the TFS 2008 server offline and commencing the upgrade as there is always one developer who has not finished and starts screaming. This time it was John Liu that needed 10 more minutes to make his changes and check-in, so I always give it 30 minutes and see if anyone screams. John Liu [SSW] said:   are you doing something to TFS :-O MrHinsh [SSW UK][VS ALM MVP] said:   I have stopped TFS 2008 as per my emails John Liu [SSW] said:   haven't finish check in @_@   can we have it for 10mins? :) MrHinsh [SSW UK][VS ALM MVP] said:   TFS 2008 has been started John Liu [SSW] said:   I love you! -IM conversation at TFS Upgrade +25 minutes After John confirmed that he had everything done I turned IIS off again and made a cup of tea. There were no more screams so the upgrade can continue. Figure: Backup all of the databases for TFS and include the Reporting Services, just in case.   Figure: Check that all the backups have been taken Once you have your backups, you need to copy them to your new TFS2010 server and restore them. This is a good way to proceed as if we have any problems, or just plain run out of time, then you just turn the TFS 2008 server back on and all you have lost is one upgrade day, and not 10 developer days. As per the rules, you should record the number of files and the total number of areas and iterations before the upgrade so you have something to compare to: TFS2008 File count: Type Count 1 1845 2 15770 Areas & Iterations: 139 You can use this to verify that the upgrade was successful. it should however be noted that the numbers in TFS 2010 will be bigger. This is due to some of the sorting out that TFS does during the upgrade process. Restore Team Foundation Server 2008 Databases Restoring the databases is much more time consuming than just attaching them as you need to do them one at a time. But you may be taking a backup of an operational database and need to restore all your databases to a particular point in time instead of to the latest. I am doing latest unless I encounter any problems. Figure: Restore each of the databases to either a latest or specific point in time.     Figure: Restore all of the required databases Now that all of your databases are restored you now need to upgrade them to Team Foundation Server 2010. Upgrade Team Foundation Server 2008 Databases This is probably the easiest part of the process. You need to call a fire and forget command that will go off to the database specified, find the TFS 2008 databases and upgrade them to 2010. During this process all of the 6 main TFS 2008 databases are merged into the TfsVersionControl database, upgraded and then the database is renamed to TFS_[CollectionName]. The rename is only the database and not the physical files, so it is worth going back and renaming the physical file as well. This keeps everything neat and tidy. If you plan to keep the old TFS 2008 server around, for example if you are doing a test migration first, then you will need to change the TFS GUID. This GUID is unique to each TFS instance and is preserved when you upgrade. This GUID is used by the clients and they can get a little confused if there are two servers with the same one. To kick of the upgrade you need to open a command prompt and change the path to “C:\Program Files\Microsoft Team Foundation Server 2010\Tools” and run the “import” command in  “tfsconfig”. TfsConfig import /sqlinstance:<Previous TFS Data Tier>                  /collectionName:<Collection Name>                  /confirmed Imports a TFS 2005 or 2008 data tier as a new project collection. Important: This command should only be executed after adequate backups have been performed. After you import, you will need to configure portal and reporting settings via the administration console. EXAMPLES -------- TfsConfig import /sqlinstance:tfs2008sql /collectionName:imported /confirmed TfsConfig import /sqlinstance:tfs2008sql\Instance /collectionName:imported /confirmed OPTIONS: -------- sqlinstance         The sql instance of the TFS 2005 or 2008 data tier. The TFS databases at that location will be modified directly and will no longer be usable as previous version databases.  Ensure you have back-ups. collectionName      The name of the new Team Project Collection. confirmed           Confirm that you have backed-up databases before importing. This command will automatically look for the TfsIntegration database and verify that all the other required databases exist. In this case it took around 5 minutes to complete the upgrade as the total database size was under 700MB. This was unlike the upgrade of SSW’s production database with over 17GB of data which took a few hours. At the end of the process you should get no errors and no warnings. The Upgrade operation on the ApplicationTier feature has completed. There were 0 errors and 0 warnings. As this is a new server and not a pure upgrade there should not be a problem with the GUID. If you think at any point you will be doing this more than once, for example doing a test migration, or merging many TFS 2008 instances into a single one, then you should go back and rename the physical TfsVersionControl.mdf file to the same as the new collection. This will avoid confusion later down the line. To do this, detach the new collection from the server and rename the physical files. Then reattach and change the physical file locations to match the new name. You can follow http://www.mssqltips.com/tip.asp?tip=1122 for a more detailed explanation of how to do this. Figure: Stop the collection so TFS does not take a wobbly when we detach the database. When you try to start the new collection again you will get a conflict with project names and will require to remove the Test Upgrade collection. This is fine and it just needs detached. Figure: Detaching the test upgrade from the new Team Foundation Server 2010 so we can start the new Collection again. You will now be able to start the new upgraded collection and you are ready for testing. Do you remember the stats we took off the TFS 2008 server? TFS2008 File count: Type Count 1 1845 2 15770 Areas & Iterations: 139 Well, now we need to compare them to the TFS 2010 stats, remembering that there will probably be more files under source control. TFS2010 File count: Type Count 1 19288 Areas & Iterations: 139 Lovely, the number of iterations are the same, and the number of files is bigger. Just what we were looking for. Testing the upgraded Team Foundation Server 2010 Project Collection Can we connect to the new collection and project? Figure: We can connect to the new collection and project.   Figure: make sure you can connect to The upgraded projects and that you can see all of the files. Figure: Team Web Access is there and working. Note that for Team Web Access you now use the same port and URL as for TFS 2010. So in this case as I am running on the local box you need to use http://localhost:8080/tfs which will redirect you to http://localhost:8080/tfs/web for the web access. If you need to connect with a Visual Studio 2008 client you will need to use the full path of the new collection, http://[servername]/tfs/[collectionname] and this will work with all of your collections. With Visual Studio 2005 you will only be able to connect to the Default collection and in both VS2008 and VS2005 you will need to install the forward compatibility updates. Visual Studio Team System 2005 Service Pack 1 Forward Compatibility Update for Team Foundation Server 2010 Visual Studio Team System 2008 Service Pack 1 Forward Compatibility Update for Team Foundation Server 2010 To make sure that you have everything up to date, make sure that you run SSW Diagnostics and get all green ticks. Upgrade Done! At this point you can send out a notice to everyone that the upgrade is complete and and give them the connection details. You need to remember that at this stage we have 2008 project upgraded to run under TFS 2010 but it is still running under that same process template that it was running before. You can only “enable” 2010 features in a process template you can’t upgrade. So what to do? Well, you need to create a new project and migrate things you want to keep across. Souse code is easy, you can move or Branch, but Work Items are more difficult as you can’t move them between projects. This instance is complicated more as the old project uses the Conchango/EMC Scrum for Team System template and I will need to write a script/application to get the work items across with their attachments in tact. That is my next task! Technorati Tags: TFS 2010,TFS 2008,VS ALM

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• Complete Guide to Symbolic Links (symlinks) on Windows or Linux

  - by Matthew Guay

  Want to easily access folders and files from different folders without maintaining duplicate copies?  Here’s how you can use Symbolic Links to link anything in Windows 7, Vista, XP, and Ubuntu. So What Are Symbolic Links Anyway? Symbolic links, otherwise known as symlinks, are basically advanced shortcuts. You can create symbolic links to individual files or folders, and then these will appear like they are stored in the folder with the symbolic link even though the symbolic link only points to their real location. There are two types of symbolic links: hard and soft. Soft symbolic links work essentially the same as a standard shortcut.  When you open a soft link, you will be redirected to the folder where the files are stored.  However, a hard link makes it appear as though the file or folder actually exists at the location of the symbolic link, and your applications won’t know any different. Thus, hard links are of the most interest in this article. Why should I use Symbolic Links? There are many things we use symbolic links for, so here’s some of the top uses we can think of: Sync any folder with Dropbox – say, sync your Pidgin Profile Across Computers Move the settings folder for any program from its original location Store your Music/Pictures/Videos on a second hard drive, but make them show up in your standard Music/Pictures/Videos folders so they’ll be detected my your media programs (Windows 7 Libraries can also be good for this) Keep important files accessible from multiple locations And more! If you want to move files to a different drive or folder and then symbolically link them, follow these steps: Close any programs that may be accessing that file or folder Move the file or folder to the new desired location Follow the correct instructions below for your operating system to create the symbolic link. Caution: Make sure to never create a symbolic link inside of a symbolic link. For instance, don’t create a symbolic link to a file that’s contained in a symbolic linked folder. This can create a loop, which can cause millions of problems you don’t want to deal with. Seriously. Create Symlinks in Any Edition of Windows in Explorer Creating symlinks is usually difficult, but thanks to the free Link Shell Extension, you can create symbolic links in all modern version of Windows pain-free.  You need to download both Visual Studio 2005 redistributable, which contains the necessary prerequisites, and Link Shell Extension itself (links below).  Download the correct version (32 bit or 64 bit) for your computer. Run and install the Visual Studio 2005 Redistributable installer first. Then install the Link Shell Extension on your computer. Your taskbar will temporally disappear during the install, but will quickly come back. Now you’re ready to start creating symbolic links.  Browse to the folder or file you want to create a symbolic link from.  Right-click the folder or file and select Pick Link Source. To create your symlink, right-click in the folder you wish to save the symbolic link, select “Drop as…”, and then choose the type of link you want.  You can choose from several different options here; we chose the Hardlink Clone.  This will create a hard link to the file or folder we selected.  The Symbolic link option creates a soft link, while the smart copy will fully copy a folder containing symbolic links without breaking them.  These options can be useful as well.   Here’s our hard-linked folder on our desktop.  Notice that the folder looks like its contents are stored in Desktop\Downloads, when they are actually stored in C:\Users\Matthew\Desktop\Downloads.  Also, when links are created with the Link Shell Extension, they have a red arrow on them so you can still differentiate them. And, this works the same way in XP as well. Symlinks via Command Prompt Or, for geeks who prefer working via command line, here’s how you can create symlinks in Command Prompt in Windows 7/Vista and XP. In Windows 7/Vista In Windows Vista and 7, we’ll use the mklink command to create symbolic links.  To use it, we have to open an administrator Command Prompt.  Enter “command” in your start menu search, right-click on Command Prompt, and select “Run as administrator”. To create a symbolic link, we need to enter the following in command prompt: mklink /prefix link_path file/folder_path First, choose the correct prefix.  Mklink can create several types of links, including the following: /D – creates a soft symbolic link, which is similar to a standard folder or file shortcut in Windows.  This is the default option, and mklink will use it if you do not enter a prefix. /H – creates a hard link to a file /J – creates a hard link to a directory or folder So, once you’ve chosen the correct prefix, you need to enter the path you want for the symbolic link, and the path to the original file or folder.  For example, if I wanted a folder in my Dropbox folder to appear like it was also stored in my desktop, I would enter the following: mklink /J C:\Users\Matthew\Desktop\Dropbox C:\Users\Matthew\Documents\Dropbox Note that the first path was to the symbolic folder I wanted to create, while the second path was to the real folder. Here, in this command prompt screenshot, you can see that I created a symbolic link of my Music folder to my desktop.   And here’s how it looks in Explorer.  Note that all of my music is “really” stored in C:\Users\Matthew\Music, but here it looks like it is stored in C:\Users\Matthew\Desktop\Music. If your path has any spaces in it, you need to place quotes around it.  Note also that the link can have a different name than the file it links to.  For example, here I’m going to create a symbolic link to a document on my desktop: mklink /H “C:\Users\Matthew\Desktop\ebook.pdf”  “C:\Users\Matthew\Downloads\Before You Call Tech Support.pdf” Don’t forget the syntax: mklink /prefix link_path Target_file/folder_path In Windows XP Windows XP doesn’t include built-in command prompt support for symbolic links, but we can use the free Junction tool instead.  Download Junction (link below), and unzip the folder.  Now open Command Prompt (click Start, select All Programs, then Accessories, and select Command Prompt), and enter cd followed by the path of the folder where you saved Junction. Junction only creates hard symbolic links, since you can use shortcuts for soft ones.  To create a hard symlink, we need to enter the following in command prompt: junction –s link_path file/folder_path As with mklink in Windows 7 or Vista, if your file/folder path has spaces in it make sure to put quotes around your paths.  Also, as usual, your symlink can have a different name that the file/folder it points to. Here, we’re going to create a symbolic link to our My Music folder on the desktop.  We entered: junction -s “C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\Music” “C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\My Documents\My Music” And here’s the contents of our symlink.  Note that the path looks like these files are stored in a Music folder directly on the Desktop, when they are actually stored in My Documents\My Music.  Once again, this works with both folders and individual files. Please Note: Junction would work the same in Windows 7 or Vista, but since they include a built-in symbolic link tool we found it better to use it on those versions of Windows. Symlinks in Ubuntu Unix-based operating systems have supported symbolic links since their inception, so it is straightforward to create symbolic links in Linux distros such as Ubuntu.  There’s no graphical way to create them like the Link Shell Extension for Windows, so we’ll just do it in Terminal. Open terminal (open the Applications menu, select Accessories, and then click Terminal), and enter the following: ln –s file/folder_path link_path Note that this is opposite of the Windows commands; you put the source for the link first, and then the path second. For example, let’s create a symbolic link of our Pictures folder in our Desktop.  To do this, we entered: ln -s /home/maguay/Pictures /home/maguay/Desktop   Once again, here is the contents of our symlink folder.  The pictures look as if they’re stored directly in a Pictures folder on the Desktop, but they are actually stored in maguay\Pictures. Delete Symlinks Removing symbolic links is very simple – just delete the link!  Most of the command line utilities offer a way to delete a symbolic link via command prompt, but you don’t need to go to the trouble.   Conclusion Symbolic links can be very handy, and we use them constantly to help us stay organized and keep our hard drives from overflowing.  Let us know how you use symbolic links on your computers! 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