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• What's the max Windows 7 access possible to restrict tampering with single service?

  - by Crawford Comeaux

  I'm developing an ADHD management system for myself. Without going into detail (and as silly as it may sound for a grown man to need something like this), I need to build a me-proof service to run on my Windows 7 Ultra laptop. I still need fairly complete access to the system, though. How can I set things up so that I'm unable to "easily" (ie. within 3-5 mins without rebooting) stop the service or prevent it from running?

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• Why is it I can't use my Windows installation both as a host and a guest?

  - by Josef

  I have Linux installed on my harddrive, sometimes I run it as the host operating system and sometimes run it as a guest in Windows using VirtualBox. It's a nice ability, I think. I don't think it's possible with Windows though. Is it because your average distribution includes drivers for everything known to man? Are devices/drivers configured statically in Windows so when somethings changed it breaks?

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• How to view history of Yum commands (update, install, remove)?

  - by Chris

  I'm seeing some errors in my apache logs and they may (or may not) be related to some packages that I recently installed/removed using Yum. Is there a way to view the history of Yum packages that have been updated/installed/removed ? I could use the "history" command from unix, but some installations may have been done with different accounts. I've tried searching the web and reading the man page too but haven't found anything.

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• fakeroot - safe to have on systems?

  - by Newton Falls

  I had never heard of fakeroot before but I was compiling a package that wants it as a dependency. The man page tries to be reassuring but should I be comfortable with this on my systems?

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• Release/Renew IP Address via Terminal in OS X

  - by Rupert

  I am looking to release and renew my IP address in OS X 10.4 using Terminal. Essentially, I need the OS X equivalent of Windows: C:\ ipconfig /release C:\ ipconfig /renew However, I need the interface to remain active during this process, so using ifconfig down/up will not work. I believe I can clear the IP with ifconfig delete but I'm not sure how to get the dhcp client to reassign the address. An article from 2002 suggests using set dhcp but Apple's ifconfig man page does not include this information.

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• How much detail company's IT dept can know employee's activities?

  - by Stan

  I was wondering if employee's https session is secure or not. Can IT dept know data transfered through https? Not sure if the router in IT end can act like man in the middle and can decrypt everything then re-encrypt its own keys and send to original destination? Besides that, what are being monitored by IT generally? Thanks

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• `adduser [options] user group` fails ubuntu 11.04

  - by Rob

  I'm want to use adduser However it doesn't seem to work if I provide the second argument for the user's group root@a:~# adduser rick staff adduser: The user `rick' does not exist. The group exists root@a:~# addgroup staff addgroup: The group `staff' already exists. The man page says this should work... adduser [options] user group Any ideas? I can do: adduser --ingroup staff rick So no massive issue, just seems strange.

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• How to start Cygwin's NFS server in read-write mode?

  - by Vi

  Installed Cyginw NFS server. It works. But I can't make it allow writing to the filesystem. Why does it fail? Server: $ cat /etc/exports #/ 10.99.98.2(rw,no_root_squash) /cygdrive/c/foranevia *(rw,no_squash_root,anon_uid=0,anon_gid=0,no_subtree_check) Client: root@vi-notebook:/mnt# mount wpc:/cygdrive/c/foranevia nfs root@vi-notebook:/mnt# mkdir nfs/qqq mkdir: cannot create directory `nfs/qqq': Read-only file system

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• Looking for a recommendation for an OS X Bash manual

  - by Mental Sticks

  I've just begun to use the Terminal in Mac OS X and I've found the man command very useful, although very often the explanations are too compact or complicated for me. I am looking for a very basic reference guide – like O'Reilly makes, for example. But in there I didn't find an entry for basic commands like ls or ln and a layman's explanation of all the flags and options. Could anybody recommend me something?

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• How do I prevent TCP connection freezes over an OpenVPN network?

  - by Jason R

  New details added at the end of this question; it's possible that I'm zeroing in on the cause. I have a UDP OpenVPN-based VPN set up in tap mode (I need tap because I need the VPN to pass multicast packets, which doesn't seem to be possible with tun networks) with a handful of clients across the Internet. I've been experiencing frequent TCP connection freezes over the VPN. That is, I will establish a TCP connection (e.g. an SSH connection, but other protocols have similar issues), and at some point during the session, it seems that traffic will cease being transmitted over that TCP session. This seems to be related to points at which large data transfers occur, such as if I execute an ls command in an SSH session, or if I cat a long log file. Some Google searches turn up a number of answers like this previous one on Server Fault, indicating that the likely culprit is an MTU issue: that during periods of high traffic, the VPN is trying to send packets that get dropped somewhere in the pipes between the VPN endpoints. The above-linked answer suggests using the following OpenVPN configuration settings to mitigate the problem: fragment 1400 mssfix This should limit the MTU used on the VPN to 1400 bytes and fix the TCP maximum segment size to prevent the generation of any packets larger than that. This seems to mitigate the problem a bit, but I still frequently see the freezes. I've tried a number of sizes as arguments to the fragment directive: 1200, 1000, 576, all with similar results. I can't think of any strange network topology between the two ends that could trigger such a problem: the VPN server is running on a pfSense machine connected directly to the Internet, and my client is also connected directly to the Internet at another location. One other strange piece of the puzzle: if I run the tracepath utility, then that seems to band-aid the problem. A sample run looks like: [~]$ tracepath -n 192.168.100.91 1: 192.168.100.90 0.039ms pmtu 1500 1: 192.168.100.91 40.823ms reached 1: 192.168.100.91 19.846ms reached Resume: pmtu 1500 hops 1 back 64 The above run is between two clients on the VPN: I initiated the trace from 192.168.100.90 to the destination of 192.168.100.91. Both clients were configured with fragment 1200; mssfix; in an attempt to limit the MTU used on the link. The above results would seem to suggest that tracepath was able to detect a path MTU of 1500 bytes between the two clients. I would assume that it would be somewhat smaller due to the fragmentation settings specified in the OpenVPN configuration. I found that result somewhat strange. Even stranger, however: if I have a TCP connection in the stalled state (e.g. an SSH session with a directory listing that froze in the middle), then executing the tracepath command shown above causes the connection to start up again! I can't figure out any reasonable explanation for why this would be the case, but I feel like this might be pointing toward a solution to ultimately eradicate the problem. Does anyone have any recommendations for other things to try? Edit: I've come back and looked at this a bit further, and have found only more confounding information: I set the OpenVPN connection to fragment at 1400 bytes, as shown above. Then, I connected to the VPN from across the Internet and used Wireshark to look at the UDP packets that were sent to the VPN server while the stall occurred. None were greater than the specified 1400 byte count, so the fragmentation seems to be functioning properly. To verify that even a 1400-byte MTU would be sufficient, I pinged the VPN server using the following (Linux) command: ping <host> -s 1450 -M do This (I believe) sends a 1450-byte packet with fragmentation disabled (I at least verified that it didn't work if I set it to an obviously-too-large value like 1600 bytes). These seem to work just fine; I get replies back from the host with no issue. So, maybe this isn't an MTU issue at all. I'm just confused as to what else it might be! Edit 2: The rabbit hole just keeps getting deeper: I've now isolated the problem a bit more. It seems to be related to the exact OS that the VPN client uses. I have successfully duplicated the problem on at least three Ubuntu machines (versions 12.04 through 13.04). I can reliably duplicate an SSH connection freeze within a minute or so by just cat-ing a large log file. However, if I do the same test using a CentOS 6 machine as a client, then I don't see the problem! I've tested using the exact same OpenVPN client version as I was using on the Ubuntu machines. I can cat log files for hours without seeing the connection freeze. This seems to provide some insight as to the ultimate cause, but I'm just not sure what that insight is. I have examined the traffic over the VPN using Wireshark. I'm not a TCP expert, so I'm not sure what to make of the gory details, but the gist is that at some point, a UDP packet gets dropped due to the limited bandwidth of the Internet link, causing TCP retransmissions inside the VPN tunnel. On the CentOS client, these retransmissions occur properly and things move on happily. At some point with the Ubuntu clients, though, the remote end starts retransmitting the same TCP segment over and over (with the transmit delay increasing between each retransmission). The client sends what looks like a valid TCP ACK to each retransmission, but the remote end still continues to transmit the same TCP segment periodically. This extends ad infinitum and the connection stalls. My question here would be: Does anyone have any recommendations for how to troubleshoot and/or determine the root cause of the TCP issue? It's as if the remote end isn't accepting the ACK messages sent by the VPN client. One common difference between the CentOS node and the various Ubuntu releases is that Ubuntu has a much more recent Linux kernel version (from 3.2 in Ubuntu 12.04 to 3.8 in 13.04). A pointer to some new kernel bug maybe? I'm assuming that if that were so, then I wouldn't be the only one experiencing the problem; I don't think this seems like a particularly exotic setup.

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• Setting the secure flag on cookies from Outlook Web Access

  - by Cheekysoft

  I'm running Exchange 2007 SP3 which is exposing outlook web access over only HTTPS. However the server delivers the sessionid cookie without the secure flag set. Even though I don't have port 80 open, this cookie is still vulnerable to being stolen over port 80 in the event of a man-in-the-middle attack. It also contributes to a PCI-DSS failure Does anyone know if I can persuade the web server/application to set the secure flag?

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• What is more important when extracting rars cpu or hdd?

  - by ULTRA_POROV

  When i am extracting big rars it takes forever. However when i look in the task man cpu usage is only about 16%. I am thinking that the hdd is the bottleneck, or maybe not? The hdd is an average 7200 rpm seagate. Some know more about this?

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• What OpenSource iSCSI appliances/apps support windows clusters?

  - by Jimsmithkka

  I have been wanting to experiment with Windows clustering systems in my spare time, so I need a free, preferably open source, iSCSI Target that can support 2k3 and 2k8 fail-over and possibly High availability clustering. I have tried the ubuntu iscsi target package in a vmware environment, but it fails at the 2k8 tests. In simple terms I want to build a "Poor man's San" for windows and have it be able to do more than just be drives.

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• What is the most efficient way to scan in thousands of pictures? [closed]

  - by leora

  My parents have a number of really large albums and the pictures are starting to face in a lot of cases so we thought it would be a good idea to scan in all the pictures and move them to online albums. The issue is that the task is daunting given that there are thousands of pictures. Are there any services or ideas on how to scan in albums of pictures that won't take up hundreds of man hours for me?

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• How to implement a secure authentication over HTTP?

  - by Zagorax

  I know that we have HTTPS, but I would like to know if there's an algorithm/approach/strategy that grants a reasonable security level without using SSL. I have read many solution on the internet. Most of them are based on adding some time metadata to the hashes, but it needs that both server and client has the time set equal. Moreover, it seems to me that none of this solution could prevent a man in the middle attack.

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• Testifying rasing net.core.somaxconn can make a difference

  - by petermolnar

  I got into an argument on the net.core.somaxconn parameter: I was told that it will not make any difference if we change the default 128. I believed this might be enough proof: "If the backlog argument is greater than the value in /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn, then it is silently truncated to that value" http://linux.die.net/man/2/listen but it's not. Does anyone know a method to testify this with two machines, sitting on a Gbit network? The best would be against MySQL, LVS, apache2 ( 2.2 ), memcached.

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• SMBfs mounting OK, listing OK, Read KO, smbclient OK

  - by Kwaio

  I've tried to make the title the most meaningfull I could but it still looks ugly. The premises. We are using RHEL3-U8 as OS on most servers here, don't ask me why or suggest to upgrade, it's not on today's schedule. That means kernel used is 2.4.21 I have no access to the remote server, but I know it is a netApp NAS rack. $> smbclient --version Version 3.0.9-1.3E.9 Here is the /etc/fstab line : //NASHOSTNAME/share /mnt/mydir smbfs ro,uid=123,gid=123,workgroup=XXXX,credentials=/somefile 0 0 Here is the following mount output line //NASHOSTNAME/share on /mnt/mydir type smbfs (0) The symptoms. I can list the share without problems, even cd in there. The issue appears if I try to read any file : $> cat /mnt/mydir/fileX.txt cat: /mnt/mydir/fileX.txt: Input/output error In the system logs (/var/log/kernel for example) the following errors appear. Jul 30 15:40:02 hostname kernel: smb_errno: class ERRHRD, code 31 from command 0x2 Jul 30 15:40:02 hostname kernel: smb_errno: class ERRHRD, code 31 from command 0x2 Jul 30 15:40:02 hostname kernel: smb_open: fileX.txt open failed, result=-5 Jul 30 15:40:02 hostname kernel: smb_errno: class ERRHRD, code 31 from command 0x2 Jul 30 15:40:02 hostname kernel: smb_errno: class ERRHRD, code 31 from command 0x2 Jul 30 15:40:02 hostname kernel: smb_open: fileX.txt open failed, result=-5 Jul 30 15:40:02 hostname kernel: smb_readpage_sync: fileX.txt open failed, error=-5 The ERRHRD code 0x001F error is "General hardware failure" although it seems samba sometimes uses it for a different purpose, see http://www.ubiqx.org/cifs/SMB.html [Strange behaviour Alert] Additionnal informations : There is another SMB mountpoint on the system pointing to a (linux) host using samba and this one works. What I have tried. I have tried adding debug=4 to the mounting options and remounting the share and the logs still look the same. I have tried to mount the share with smbclient and I am able to fetch files with the get command. Both targets are in the same subnet, so network problem should be out, even if the LAN goes through a VPN with optimizers, MTU has already been decreased to 1450. I can also mount the share through NFS but then the files are all root.root 700 and I need to read them with another user...

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• Linux service --status-all shows "Firewall is stopped." what service does firewall refer to?

  - by codewaggle

  I have a development server with the lamp stack running CentOS: [Prompt]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 5.8 (Final) [Prompt]# cat /proc/version Linux version 2.6.18-308.16.1.el5xen ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-52)) #1 SMP Tue Oct 2 22:50:05 EDT 2012 [Prompt]# yum info iptables Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.anl.gov * extras: centos.mirrors.tds.net * rpmfusion-free-updates: mirror.us.leaseweb.net * rpmfusion-nonfree-updates: mirror.us.leaseweb.net * updates: mirror.steadfast.net Installed Packages Name : iptables Arch : x86_64 Version : 1.3.5 Release : 9.1.el5 Size : 661 k Repo : installed .... Snip.... When I run: service --status-all Part of the output looks like this: .... Snip.... httpd (pid xxxxx) is running... Firewall is stopped. Table: filter Chain INPUT (policy DROP) num target prot opt source destination 1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy DROP) num target prot opt source destination 1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references) ....Snip.... iptables has been loaded to the kernel and is active as represented by the rules being displayed. Checking just the iptables returns the rules just like status all does: [Prompt]# service iptables status Table: filter Chain INPUT (policy DROP) num target prot opt source destination 1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy DROP) num target prot opt source destination 1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references) .... Snip.... Starting or restarting iptables indicates that the iptables have been loaded to the kernel successfully: [Prompt]# service iptables restart Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] Unloading iptables modules: [ OK ] Applying iptables firewall rules: [ OK ] Loading additional iptables modules: ip_conntrack_netbios_n[ OK ] [Prompt]# service iptables start Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] Unloading iptables modules: [ OK ] Applying iptables firewall rules: [ OK ] Loading additional iptables modules: ip_conntrack_netbios_n[ OK ] I've googled "Firewall is stopped." and read a number of iptables guides as well as the RHEL documentation, but no luck. As far as I can tell, there isn't a "Firewall" service, so what is the line "Firewall is stopped." referring to?

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• cd Command Linux and Mystery Flags

  - by Jason R. Mick

  Platform: CentOS 6.2 Shell:tcsh I'm playing around with cd for a BASH script, and noticed the wondrous cd - option, but was left with many questions... Why the cd -? Isn't this redundant with cd ..? EDIT [As FatalError points out, these two commands don't do the same things... so the answer is "no"] Can you delve farther back into your history with - flag, a la in a browser? e.g. When I type cd -, it takes me to my previous directory, but then if I enter that command again, it takes me to the directory I just came from, creating a sort of loop. Is a shorthand for going back multiple levels supported?EDITI realize I can go back with cd .., but was hoping this could be a gateway to a less verbose deep back, e.g. cd -3 vs. cd ../../../ ... hopefully that clarifies what I'm asking....EDIT2As to the current feedback, while .. is a special directory, I don't see a reason why the built-in cd to the terminal couldn't use a shorthand for ../../ ... ../ e.g. cd ..5 or why the built-in also couldn't have a history (a la auto pushd/popd) that could be turned on and used like cd -3. I get that this could be somewhat of security/privacy risk, but I don't see how it's any worst than storing a command history, which most shells/terminals do. The manpage for cd, accessible via man cd and help cd (it's the same for either command), only lists -L and -P flags. However when I type in cd --help it outputs Usage: cd [-plvn][-|<dir>].. Am I right in assuming the other flags and the - (back) option are nonstandard? What are the -n and -v flags for? Both seem to take me back to my home directory, that's all I've been able to figure out via experimentation. A quick read on web resources [1][2] offered just the same sort of info that the man page did and didn't answer my questions. Note: The second Linux-centric resource above claimed cd only had two options (obviously not true in current CentOS) hence my assumption that this functionality could be non-standard.

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• How could I make a bash script to execute apt-get?

  - by poz2k4444

  I'm trying to automatize some configurations I have with bash script, I've never done this before so I tried with something easy like a Hello World! and everything works just fine, but then I tried something like this: #!/bin/bash sudo su apt-get purge postfix and it doesn't do anything, I check and postfix is still installed, and at any time it asks for any entry of mine, I just tried with apt-get but I'll do things like ssh-keygen or even write files I guess with cat or something, how could I do the script working and also seeing what's going on?

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• Is there an alternative to /dev/urandom?

  - by altCognito

  Is there some faster way than /dev/[u]random? Sometimes, I need to do things like cat /dev/urandom /dev/sdb The random devices are "too" secure und unfortunately too slow for that. I know that there are wipe and similar tools for secure deletion, but I suppose there are also some on-board means to that in Linux.

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• Executing a command in vim from a commandline

  - by TK

  I would like to run :helptags ~/.vim/doc in vim, but from command line. The purpose is to run the command occasionally with other commands to keep my tools up-to-date (probably in a cron job on my development machine. I looked around man vim, but cannot figure out what option I need to pass. I think this is a general question for vim, but I'm using Mac and Ubuntu for the development.

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• Successfully concatenating multiple videos

  - by wiseguydigital

  My mission is to create videos out of old web slideshows. To start with I have jpegs and audio files that worked as Flash slideshows in an old system, structured such as this: Audio structure my_audio_1.mp3 (this file is a 3 second mp3 of silence) my_audio_2.mp3 my_audio_3.mp3 my_audio_4 etc... roughly 30 mp3s per slideshow Image structure my_image_1.jpg (this acts as the opening slide) my_image_2.jpg my_image_3.jpg my_image_4. etc... roughly 30 images per slideshow. As there are almost 100 slideshows that must be converted to video, I have created a web-based interface using PHP to automate the process, that sits on a local system and attempts to combine the files using shell_exec(). The process uses the following workflow: Loop through each slide and make an avi or mpeg. So for instance my_mini_video_2.avi would be a video that consists of my_image_2.jpg and has a soundtrack of my_audio_2.mp3. This slide would last the length of my_audio_2.mp3. Join / stitch / concat all of the mini videos to create the final video (Using a combination of cat and either mencoder or ffmpeg (I have also tried avimerge but to no avail). Transcode the new 'master' video to various formats such as flv etc. I thought this would be simple and have been close on many occasions but it still won't work. I can't get past stage 2 as I can't get a perfect 'master' video. I have now experimented with Mencoder, FFMpeg and seem to have been through every combination I can think of. The problem is that the audio and visuals never sync, no matter what I try. Also, I have even tried created audio-less mini videos, joining the MP3s into one long MP3 using both cat and mp3wrap and then assigning the new long MP3 as the audio track, but this always produces either a very short file or a badly slowed down file and makes the female voiceover sound like a male boxer!!! There appears to be no problems at all with the original files. Does anybody have any experience in producing a video successfully from the same kind of starting point? Or any ideas on what I may be doing wrong? As an example: If I create silent mini-videos, and stitch them together into 'temp-master.mpg' and then join the MP3s together into single MP3 called 'temp-master-audio.mp3', the audio file's duration is 09:10 and the video file's duration is 08:35. They should be the same and the audio will seem sloooow. I haven't posted code as I have written lots and lots of combinations.

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• Run command automatically as root after login

  - by J V

  I'm using evrouter to simulate keypresses from my mouses extra buttons. It works great but I need to run the command with sudo to make it work so I can't just use my DE to handle autostart. I considered init.d but from what I've heard this only works for different stages of boot, and I need this to run as root after login. $ cat .evrouterrc "Logitech G500" "/dev/input/event4" any key/277 "XKey/0" "Logitech G500" "/dev/input/event4" any key/280 "XKey/9" "Logitech G500" "/dev/input/event4" any key/281 "XKey/8" $ sudo evrouter /dev/input/event4

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• Linux software RAID6: 3 drives offline - how to force online?

  - by Ole Tange

  This is similar to 3 drives fell out of Raid6 mdadm - rebuilding? except that it is not due to a failing cable. Instead the 3rd drive fell offline during rebuild of another drive. The drive failed with: kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 293732432 kernel: md/raid:md0: read error not correctable (sector 293734224 on sdc). After rebooting both these sectors and the sectors around them are fine. This leads me to believe the error is intermittent and thus the device simply took too long to error correct the sector and remap it. I expect that no data was written to the RAID after it failed. Therefore I hope that if I can kick the last failing device online that the RAID is fine and that the xfs_filesystem is OK, maybe with a few missing recent files. Taking a backup of the disks in the RAID takes 24 hours, so I would prefer that the solution works the first time. I have therefore set up a test scenario: export PRE=3 parallel dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/raid${PRE}{} bs=1k count=1000k ::: 1 2 3 4 5 parallel mknod /dev/loop${PRE}{} b 7 ${PRE}{} \; losetup /dev/loop${PRE}{} /tmp/raid${PRE}{} ::: 1 2 3 4 5 mdadm --create /dev/md$PRE -c 4096 --level=6 --raid-devices=5 /dev/loop${PRE}[12345] cat /proc/mdstat mkfs.xfs -f /dev/md$PRE mkdir -p /mnt/disk2 umount -l /mnt/disk2 mount /dev/md$PRE /mnt/disk2 seq 1000 | parallel -j1 mkdir -p /mnt/disk2/{}\;cp /bin/* /mnt/disk2/{}\;sleep 0.5 & mdadm --fail /dev/md$PRE /dev/loop${PRE}3 /dev/loop${PRE}4 cat /proc/mdstat # Assume reboot so no process is using the dir kill %1; sync & kill %1; sync & # Force fail one too many mdadm --fail /dev/md$PRE /dev/loop${PRE}1 parallel --tag -k mdadm -E ::: /dev/loop${PRE}? | grep Upda # loop 2,5 are newest. loop1 almost newest => force add loop1 Next step is to add loop1 back - and this is where I am stuck. After that do a xfs-consistency check. When that works, check that the solution also works on real devices (such a 4 USB sticks).

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