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• Unit Testing DateTime – The Crazy Way

  - by João Angelo

  We all know that the process of unit testing code that depends on DateTime, particularly the current time provided through the static properties (Now, UtcNow and Today), it’s a PITA. If you go ask how to unit test DateTime.Now on stackoverflow I’ll bet that you’ll get two kind of answers: Encapsulate the current time in your own interface and use a standard mocking framework; Pull out the big guns like Typemock Isolator, JustMock or Microsoft Moles/Fakes and mock the static property directly. Now each alternative has is pros and cons and I would have to say that I glean more to the second approach because the first adds a layer of abstraction just for the sake of testability. However, the second approach depends on commercial tools that not every shop wants to buy or in the not so friendly Microsoft Moles. (Sidenote: Moles is now named Fakes and it will ship with VS 2012) This tends to leave people without an acceptable and simple solution so after reading another of these types of questions in SO I came up with yet another alternative, one based on the first alternative that I presented here but tries really hard to not get in your way with yet another layer of abstraction. So, without further dues, I present you, the Tardis. The Tardis is single section of conditionally compiled code that overrides the meaning of the DateTime expression inside a single class. You still get the normal coding experience of using DateTime all over the place, but in a DEBUG compilation your tests will be able to mock every static method or property of the DateTime class. An example follows, while the full Tardis code can be downloaded from GitHub: using System; using NSubstitute; using NUnit.Framework; using Tardis; public class Example { public Example() : this(string.Empty) { } public Example(string title) { #if DEBUG this.DateTime = DateTimeProvider.Default; this.Initialize(title); } internal IDateTimeProvider DateTime { get; set; } internal Example(string title, IDateTimeProvider provider) { this.DateTime = provider; #endif this.Initialize(title); } private void Initialize(string title) { this.Title = title; this.CreatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow; } private string title; public string Title { get { return this.title; } set { this.title = value; this.UpdatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow; } } public DateTime CreatedAt { get; private set; } public DateTime UpdatedAt { get; private set; } } public class TExample { public void T001() { // Arrange var tardis = Substitute.For<IDateTimeProvider>(); tardis.UtcNow.Returns(new DateTime(2000, 1, 1, 6, 6, 6)); // Act var sut = new Example("Title", tardis); // Assert Assert.That(sut.CreatedAt, Is.EqualTo(tardis.UtcNow)); } public void T002() { // Arrange var tardis = Substitute.For<IDateTimeProvider>(); var sut = new Example("Title", tardis); tardis.UtcNow.Returns(new DateTime(2000, 1, 1, 6, 6, 6)); // Act sut.Title = "Updated"; // Assert Assert.That(sut.UpdatedAt, Is.EqualTo(tardis.UtcNow)); } } This approach is also suitable for other similar classes with commonly used static methods or properties like the ConfigurationManager class.

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• .htaccess non-www to www rule seems to work but the URL isn't changing in the address bar

  - by SnakeByte

  On a joomla site, apache, shared hosting, I'm using next .htaccess rule: RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [R=301,L] The problem is that the browser's address bar text does not change from example.com to www.example.com. It seems the redirect actually works because all the links on the pages are changed to www. And after clicking on any link from there it always continues to have www added. The problem is the first page (no matter which one) that is loaded using browser's address bar - like example.com or example.com/random-page. Solved. The redirect actually works.

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• sendmail user unknown - debian lenny

  - by Rimian

  My php's mail() function just stopped working a short while ago. It's started returning FALSE. I am not much of a sysadmin so please forgive my ignorance. I set my php.ini send_path option to: "sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i" and restarted apache. Then, I learnt how to test sendmail like so: sudo /usr/sbin/sendmail -bv [email protected] [email protected]... deliverable: mailer esmtp, host example.com., user [email protected] The example email is a real mail box. I have also seen unknown user messages in the mail log. Can anyone please help me debug this? Cheers, Rim

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• How to track url redirects in browser?

  - by Prashant

  I have typed http://example.com/load/ in my browser window and pressed "ENTER" key. Now on press of enter this website redirects me to http://example.com/load/1/ and then http://example.com/load/2/ and then I finally landed on this url http://example.com/load/3/. These redirection happens at website end, I am not aware where I am going. But I finally landed on this url: http://example.com/load/3/ I want to track where all my browser gone all urls, I am not seeing it in my history as its redirect at website end. Is there any firefox addon or some toll which can track this for me? I am not sure where to ask this question, so asking it here, moderators please check!

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• How can I get my dynamic site search results content indexed by Google?

  - by Kris

  I have a site that is simply a search box to search a cloud-hosted database of .tiff images, and then all of my content can only be accessed by entering a search term. So for example, you're on the home page www.example.com and you type in "search" to the box and hit submit. Then it takes you to www.example.com/?q=search, which is a page of all my .tiff images with "search" in the description. How can I get a page like www.example.com/?q=search indexed, WITHOUT making a humungous list of search terms that people might type in?? I know about mod_rewrite, but it seems like for that you need to know ahead of time which URLs you'll need to convert, which I don't. All of these pages will be dynamically user-generated by typing into the search field. Please help!

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• 301 redirect the home pages but keep sitemap pages same

  - by dasickle

  I have manually redirected my entire site. The only page that's left is the homepage. How do I redirect my homepage to the new site (http://example.com) but keep my sitemaps on the old domain (www.example.com)? Below is the structure for the sitemap urls: Main - http://www.example.com/sitemap.xml Sub - http://www.example.com/sitemap-pt-post-2013-07.xml (Month and year are the only parts that change) I have tried this and the site redirects but GWT tells me that I dont have a 301 set: RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} olddomain\.com [NC] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/$ Rewriterule ^(.*)$ http://newdomain.com/ [L,R=301] P.S. I want to do this so that I could track the 301 in GWT and etc. until things a finalized.

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• I am unable to get the subdomain from the URL in NGINX

  - by Jean-Nicolas Boulay Desjardins

  I am unable to get the subdomain from the URL in NGINX. Here is my config: server { listen 80; server_name ~^(?<appname>)\.example\.com$; rewrite ^ https://$appname.example.com$request_uri? permanent; } When I do: http://bob.example.com/ I am sent to: https://.example.com/ I don't know what I am doing wrong. I am using NGiNX 1.2.7. I have another config for the: http://example.com/ So I have one server block for the domain without the subdomain and the second with the subdomain... This is about the subdomain.

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• Meta tags with html special character codes?

  - by GEspinha

  This question is regarding best practices on SEO development meta tag filling. A name written in the Latin or the Cyrillic alphabet has certain special characters, such as the ccedil C, for example. When populating meta tags and other SEO assets in a page, what should be used, the HTML character code (for the given example: &ccedil;), the actual character or another character that looks close (using a C for the given example)?

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• How to Calculate TCP Socket Buffer Sizes for Data Guard Environments

  - by alejandro.vargas

  The MAA best practices contains an example of how to calculate the optimal TCP socket buffer sizes, that is quite important for very busy Data Guard environments, this document Formula to Calculate TCP Socket Buffer Sizes.pdf contains an example of using the instructions provided on the best practices document. In order to execute the calculation you need to know which is the band with or your network interface, usually will be 1Gb, on my example is a 10Gb network; and the round trip time, RTT, that is the time it takes for a packet to make a travel to the other end of the network and come back, on my example that was provided by the network administrator and was 3 ms (1000/seconds)

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• DNS for domain shows old website for www version

  - by user3745746

  I bought 2 domains form GoDaddy but with both I am seeing the same problems in that the domain on the www version goes to the old site which is still being hosted. I have checked the IntoDNS website and in the www record it shows: Your www.example.com A record is: www.example.com -> example.typepad.com -> cname-cloudflare.typepad.com -> What can I do to stop this from happening? Will this eventually be automatically removed and fix itself? Though obviously it's not automatically fixed itself in the long drawn out expiry process... It's been quite a while for one of them and still hasn't propagated for the www. I'm not having any problems with the normal example.com part of the site.

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• Step by Step Guide to Delicious OAuth API

  Learn how to use Delicious OAuth API in your .NET projects with an example

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• Need help with some mod_rewrite on lighttpd

  - by Christoph

  Hello, I recently couldn't configure my mod_rewrite where I'm using Wordpress and MyBB. And now I need Your help, because I couldn't deal with it... Here is the code: The problem is with third, fifth and sixth line. On the third, it couldn't display comments (error 404). On fifth, forum categories are not working. Finally on sixth, post aren't working. I appreciate, any help. Thanks! EDIT: You're saying the truth. What I want, is for example: From link: example.com/forum/forumdisplay.php?fid=71 to example.com/forum/post// <= only id is important here, post name is only for seo Same thing with 'dzial'. And Wordpress From: example.com/portal/comment-page-#comment-1995 <= name, id and number of page is important here. Any ideas, how to deal with it?

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• Only 192.168.0.3 can request, but anyone can request /public/file.html

  - by mattalexx

  I have the following virtual host on my development server: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName example.com DocumentRoot /srv/web/example.com/pub <Directory /srv/web/example.com/pub> Order Deny,Allow Deny from all Allow from 192.168.0.3 </Directory> </VirtualHost> The Allow from 192.168.0.3 part is to only allow requests from my workstation machine. I want to tweak this to allow anyone to request a certain URL: http://example.com/public/file.html How do I change this to allow /public/file.html requests to get through from anyone? Note: /public/file.html doesn't actually exist as a file on the server. I redirect all incoming requests through a single index file using mod_rewrite.

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• SOA Suite 11g Dynamic Payload Testing with soapUI Free Edition

  - by Greg Mally

  Overview Many web service developers use soapUI for various tests like: smoke test, unit test, and load testing because you can get a free edition that is fairly robust. However, if you need to venture into more complex testing that requires a dynamic payload, then the free edition doesn't necessarily make it easy. This feature does exist in soapUI, but for obvious reasons it is in the Pro version. In this blog I will show you how to use soapUI free edition for dynamic payloads in a simplified example. Hopefully this will open the doors for you to expand into more complex scenarios. The following assumes that you have a working knowledge of soapUI and will not go into concepts like setting up a project etc. For the basics, please review the documentation for soapUI: http://www.soapui.org/Getting-Started/. Additionally, we will be using asynchronous web services and you can review the setup for this in my blog: SOA Suite 11g Asynchronous Testing with soapUI. Features in soapUI Free Edition Relating to this Topic The soapUI test tool provides a very feature rich environment that can do many things provided you are willing to go beyond point and click. For this example, we will be leveraging just a couple features for our dynamic payload example: Test Case Properties Scripting with Groovy Basically, we will be using a property as a global variable and we will manipulate that property using a Groovy script. Setting Up Our Property Properties are available throughout soapUI and here is a snippet from the soapUI website defining the locations: Projects : for handling Project scope values, for example a subscription ID TestSuite : for handling TestSuite scoped values, can be seen as "arguments" to a TestSuite TestCases : for handling TestCase scoped values, can be seen as "arguments" to a TestCase Properties TestStep : for providing local values/state within a TestCase Local TestStep properties : several TestStep types maintain their own list of properties specific to their functionality : DataSource, DataSink, Run TestCase MockServices : for handling MockService scoped values/arguments MockResponses : for handling MockResponse scoped values Global Properties : for handling Global properties, optionally from an external source For our example, we will be defining a custom property in a TestCase called SimpleAsyncPayload. The property can be created in either the Custom Properties tab located at the bottom of the Navigator panel when the TestCase is selected in the Navigator or the Properties label in the TestCase editor: Navigator Panel TestCase Editor You will notice that I set a value of “0” for the custom property. For this simplified example, we will need to retrieve that value and manipulate it prior to making the web service request invocation. In order to accomplish this, we will need to get Groovy ;) Let's Get Groovy We will now add a new Groovy Script step to the TestCase called Manipulate Payload: TestCase Editor > Append Step > Groovy Script Once we have added the Groovy Script step to our TestCase, we can open the Groovy Script editor to add the code to: Get the current value of the property we created called SimpleAsyncPayload. Convert the value of the property to an integer. Increment the value. Store the incremented value back into the TestCase property called SimpleAsyncPayload. The script should look something like the following: Groovy Script Editor – Manipulate Payload At this point we can test the script to see if it is working by simply running the TestCase (left-click on the green triangle in the upper left-hand corner of the TestCase editor). To verify if it ran correctly, we can look at the value of the SimpleAsyncPayload property which should now be 1: TestCase Editor – Run Results All that is left to complete the TestCase is to append another step of type Test Request. The information required to append the request is a name and an operation to invoke. In this example we will use the default name and select the SimpleAsyncBPELProcessBingd -> process as the operation (any other information being requested, simply use the defaults unless you are calling an asynchronous operation then do not add any assertions). We are now in familiar ground with the Test Request editor. Depending upon the type of operation you are invoking (synchronous or asynchronous), please update the request with the necessary information (e.g., callback information for asynchronous operations). We will now tweak the Test Request payload to retrieve the value of the SimpleAsyncPayload property. The soapUI editor makes this very simple: right-click in the payload and navigate to the property (e.g., right-click > Get Data.. > TestCase: [Groovy TestCase] > Property [SimpleAsyncPayload]): Test Request Editor – Insert Property Value Your payload should now look something like the following: Test Request Editor – Inserted Property Value Just like before, we are now ready to run the TestCase. If everything goes as expected we should see a response like the following: Message Viewer – Results of TestCase Run We are now setup to be able to run a stress test where the payload will change for each request. This simple example can be expanded to include multiple payload values, complex calculations in the scripts, or whatever can be done via the soapUI scripting. Hopefully you have found this useful and happy testing to you :)

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• Why rewrite directive causes "301 Moved Permanently" with Nginx?

  - by Desmond Hume

  Below is a much simplified version of what I have in the configuration file of a server run by Nginx 1.2.5, yet it causes 301 Moved Permanently with Location: http://example.com/phpmyadmin/ before serving data, which is not what I expected from the default behavior of the rewrite directive. server { listen 80; location /pma { rewrite ^ /phpmyadmin; } location /phpmyadmin { root /var/www; index Documentation.html; } } When I follow http://example.com/pma, the data is served but the URL in the browser is changed to http://example.com/phpmyadmin/ while it was supposed to stay http://example.com/pma. How do I avoid Nginx sending 301 Moved Permanently so that it doesn't expose the actual directory structure on my server?

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• GWT: reporting crawling errors for non existing links

  - by pixeline

  Google Webmaster Tools is reporting crawl errors for links that never existed, and if i check the "Linked from" tab for a given error link, it shows another that never existed. They all mention joomla/ which is not the cms used on this domain (it's wordpress fyi). Exampled: http://example.com/joomla/index.php/component/user/register Linked from: http://example.com/joomla/component/user/login?return=L2###### What is going on? UPDATE 1 I tried something: I provided one of the faulty urls to the "Fetch as Google" functionality. Instead of returning a 404, it returns a 301 to another Joomla page. HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently Server: Apache/2.4.3 X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.4-10 X-Pingback: http://example.com/xmlrpc.php Expires: Wed, 11 Jan 1984 05:00:00 GMT Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate, max-age=0 Pragma: no-cache Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID=1fgr5v2oip39miibuptd51s8h0; path=/ Set-Cookie: woocommerce_items_in_cart=0; expires=Sat, 12-Jan-2013 11:44:01 GMT; path=/ Location: http://example.com/joomla/component/user/register Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Length: 387 Date: Sat, 12 Jan 2013 12:44:01 GMT Via: 1.1 varnish Connection: keep-alive Accept-Ranges: bytes Age: 0 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> <html><head> <title>301 Moved Permanently</title> </head><body> <h1>Moved Permanently</h1> <p>The document has moved <a href="http://example.com/joomla/component/user/register">here</a>.</p> <p>Additionally, a 301 Moved Permanently error was encountered while trying to use an ErrorDocument to handle the request.</p> </body></html>

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• How do I properly set up and secure a production LAMP Server?

  - by Niklas

  It's very hard to find comprehensive information on this subject. Either I found short tutorials on how you perform the installation, as simple as "apt-get install apache2", or outdated tutorials. So I was hoping I could get some professional information from my fellow members of the Ubuntu community :D I have performed a normal Ubuntu Server 11.04 with LAMP, SAMBA and SSH installed through the system installation. But I'm having some trouble setting up virtual hosts and to make the system secure enough to expose the server to the web. I've somewhat followed this tutorial this far. I have 3 sites in /etc/apache2/sites-available which all looks like this except for different site names: <VirtualHost example.com> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost ServerAlias www.edunder.se DocumentRoot /var/www/sites/example CustomLog /var/log/apache2/www.example.com-access.log combined </VirtualHost> And I have enabled them with the command a2ensite so I have symbolic links in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled. My /etc/hosts file has these lines: 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.1.1 Ubuntu.lan Ubuntu 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost example.com www.example.com 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost example2.com www.example2.com 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost example3.com www.example3.com And I can only access one of them from the browser (I have lynx installed on the server for testing purposes) so I guess I haven't set them up properly :) How should I proceed to get a secure and proper setup? I also use MySQL and I think that this tutorial will be enough to set up SSH securely. Please help me understanding Apache configuration better since I'm new to setting up my own server (I've only run XAMPP earlier) and please advise regarding how I should setup a firewall as well :D

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• NHunspellComponent for VisualStudio

  NHunspellComponent example for WindowsForms

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• Enabling ppolicy in openldap

  - by nitins

  For enabling ppolicy is in Openldap I am trying to import the policy given below. dn: ou=policies,dc=example,dc=in ou: policies objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit # default, policies, example.in dn: cn=default,ou=policies,dc=example,dc=in objectClass: top objectClass: device objectClass: pwdPolicy cn: default pwdAttribute: userPassword pwdMaxAge: 7776002 pwdExpireWarning: 432000 pwdInHistory: 0 pwdCheckQuality: 1 pwdMinLength: 8 pwdMaxFailure: 5 pwdLockout: TRUE pwdLockoutDuration: 900 pwdGraceAuthNLimit: 0 pwdFailureCountInterval: 0 pwdMustChange: TRUE pwdAllowUserChange: TRUE pwdSafeModify: FALSE But I am getting the error given below. ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=example,dc=in" -w xxxxxx -f /tmp/new-policy.ldif adding new entry "cn=default,ou=policies,dc=example,dc=in" ldapadd: Invalid syntax (21) additional info: pwdAttribute: value #0 invalid per syntax Any idea on why I am getting the error ? I have already added the ppolicy schema and module in slapd.conf

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• Three apps going through apache. How to configure apache httpd? [migrated]

  - by Chris F.

  I have a quick question but I've been struggling to find the best solution: I have two java webapps and wordpress (php) that I need to serve through my Prod website: App #1 should be accessed when pointing to www.example.com/ (this would have other url too such as "www.example.com/book") App #2 should be accessed when pointing to www.example.com/manage Finally WordPress would be accessed at www.example.com/info How can I configure apache to serve all these three instances at the same time? So far I have and it's not quite working right. Any suggestions would be much appreciated! Listen 8081 <VirtualHost *:8081> DocumentRoot /var/www/html </VirtualHost> ProxyPass /manage http://127.0.0.1:8080/manage ProxyPassReverse /manage http://127.0.0.1:8080/manage ProxyPass /info http://127.0.0.1:8081/info ProxyPassReverse /info http://127.0.0.1:8081/info ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:9000/ ProxyPassReverse / http://127.0.0.1:9000/

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• IIS Seems to Forward Domain/IP to Domain Controller

  - by asinc

  We have a server (Server 1) with Win 2008 that is accessible by RDP and also is set as the primary DNS IP for a domain (example.com). This server is on the same network as an SBS 2008 server (Server 2) which is the domain controller and internal Dns server. Web requests going to example.com with IP of Server 1 are being passed to Server 2 and served up by IIS from Server 2. What causes this to happen? Is there a safe way to have Server 1 IIS handle the web requests which was our expected outcome? Example: DNS entry on ISP: example.com = 111.111.111.111 Server 1 = 111.111.111.111 Server 2 = 111.111.111.112 Web user goes to example.com in browser, and the page is actually returned from 111.111.111.112?

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• Will bing bot index pages with invalid SSL certificates?

  - by Martin

  Bingbot and Yahoo slurp do not support SNI(Server Name Indication when using SSL). Ignoring other workarounds (multi domain certificates, non-SSL content etc.), will Bingbot index pages that have an invalid SSL certificate, eg. issued for example.net, but used on example.com? If possible please provide an example from Yahoo or Bing. I have found websites in bing, that use self signed certificates and are indexed correctly, but what about invalid certificates?

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• RIF PRD: Presentation syntax issues

  - by Charles Young

  Over Christmas I got to play a bit with the W3C RIF PRD and came across a few issues which I thought I would record for posterity. Specifically, I was working on a grammar for the presentation syntax using a GLR grammar parser tool (I was using the current CTP of ‘M’ (MGrammer) and Intellipad – I do so hope the MS guys don’t kill off M and Intellipad now they have dropped the other parts of SQL Server Modelling). I realise that the presentation syntax is non-normative and that any issues with it do not therefore compromise the standard. However, presentation syntax is useful in its own right, and it would be great to iron out any issues in a future revision of the standard. The main issues are actually not to do with the grammar at all, but rather with the ‘running example’ in the RIF PRD recommendation. I started with the code provided in Example 9.1. There are several discrepancies when compared with the EBNF rules documented in the standard. Broadly the problems can be categorised as follows: ·      Parenthesis mismatch – the wrong number of parentheses are used in various places. For example, in GoldRule, the RHS of the rule (the ‘Then’) is nested in the LHS (‘the If’). In NewCustomerAndWidgetRule, the RHS is orphaned from the LHS. Together with additional incorrect parenthesis, this leads to orphanage of UnknownStatusRule from the entire Document. ·      Invalid use of parenthesis in ‘Forall’ constructs. Parenthesis should not be used to enclose formulae. Removal of the invalid parenthesis gave me a feeling of inconsistency when comparing formulae in Forall to formulae in If. The use of parenthesis is not actually inconsistent in these two context, but in an If construct it ‘feels’ as if you are enclosing formulae in parenthesis in a LISP-like fashion. In reality, the parenthesis is simply being used to group subordinate syntax elements. The fact that an If construct can contain only a single formula as an immediate child adds to this feeling of inconsistency. ·      Invalid representation of compact URIs (CURIEs) in the context of Frame productions. In several places the URIs are not qualified with a namespace prefix (‘ex1:’). This conflicts with the definition of CURIEs in the RIF Datatypes and Built-Ins 1.0 document. Here are the productions: CURIE          ::= PNAME_LN                  | PNAME_NS PNAME_LN       ::= PNAME_NS PN_LOCAL PNAME_NS       ::= PN_PREFIX? ':' PN_LOCAL       ::= ( PN_CHARS_U | [0-9] ) ((PN_CHARS|'.')* PN_CHARS)? PN_CHARS       ::= PN_CHARS_U                  | '-' | [0-9] | #x00B7                  | [#x0300-#x036F] | [#x203F-#x2040] PN_CHARS_U     ::= PN_CHARS_BASE                  | '_' PN_CHARS_BASE ::= [A-Z] | [a-z] | [#x00C0-#x00D6] | [#x00D8-#x00F6]                  | [#x00F8-#x02FF] | [#x0370-#x037D] | [#x037F-#x1FFF]                  | [#x200C-#x200D] | [#x2070-#x218F] | [#x2C00-#x2FEF]                  | [#x3001-#xD7FF] | [#xF900-#xFDCF] | [#xFDF0-#xFFFD]                  | [#x10000-#xEFFFF] PN_PREFIX      ::= PN_CHARS_BASE ((PN_CHARS|'.')* PN_CHARS)? The more I look at CURIEs, the more my head hurts! The RIF specification allows prefixes and colons without local names, which surprised me. However, the CURIE Syntax 1.0 working group note specifically states that this form is supported…and then promptly provides a syntactic definition that seems to preclude it! However, on (much) deeper inspection, it appears that ‘ex1:’ (for example) is allowed, but would really represent a ‘fragment’ of the ‘reference’, rather than a prefix! Ouch! This is so completely ambiguous that it surely calls into question the whole CURIE specification.   In any case, RIF does not allow local names without a prefix. ·      Missing ‘External’ specifiers for built-in functions and predicates.  The EBNF specification enforces this for terms within frames, but does not appear to enforce (what I believe is) the correct use of External on built-in predicates. In any case, the running example only specifies ‘External’ once on the predicate in UnknownStatusRule. External() is required in several other places. ·      The List used on the LHS of UnknownStatusRule is comma-delimited. This is not supported by the EBNF definition. Similarly, the argument list of pred:list-contains is illegally comma-delimited. ·      Unnecessary use of conjunction around a single formula in DiscountRule. This is strictly legal in the EBNF, but redundant.   All the above issues concern the presentation syntax used in the running example. There are a few minor issues with the grammar itself. Note that Michael Kiefer stated in his paper “Rule Interchange Format: The Framework” that: “The presentation syntax of RIF … is an abstract syntax and, as such, it omits certain details that might be important for unambiguous parsing.” ·      The grammar cannot differentiate unambiguously between strategies and priorities on groups. A processor is forced to resolve this by detecting the use of IRIs and integers. This could easily be fixed in the grammar.   ·      The grammar cannot unambiguously parse the ‘->’ operator in frames. Specifically, ‘-’ characters are allowed in PN_LOCAL names and hence a parser cannot determine if ‘status->’ is (‘status’ ‘->’) or (‘status-’ ‘>’).   One way to fix this is to amend the PN_LOCAL production as follows: PN_LOCAL ::= ( PN_CHARS_U | [0-9] ) ((PN_CHARS|'.')* ((PN_CHARS)-('-')))? However, unilaterally changing the definition of this production, which is defined in the SPARQL Query Language for RDF specification, makes me uncomfortable. ·      I assume that the presentation syntax is case-sensitive. I couldn’t find this stated anywhere in the documentation, but function/predicate names do appear to be documented as being case-sensitive. ·      The EBNF does not specify whitespace handling. A couple of productions (RULE and ACTION_BLOCK) are crafted to enforce the use of whitespace. This is not necessary. It seems inconsistent with the rest of the specification and can cause parsing issues. In addition, the Const production exhibits whitespaces issues. The intention may have been to disallow the use of whitespace around ‘^^’, but any direct implementation of the EBNF will probably allow whitespace between ‘^^’ and the SYMSPACE. Of course, I am being a little nit-picking about all this. On the whole, the EBNF translated very smoothly and directly to ‘M’ (MGrammar) and proved to be fairly complete. I have encountered far worse issues when translating other EBNF specifications into usable grammars.   I can’t imagine there would be any difficulty in implementing the same grammar in Antlr, COCO/R, gppg, XText, Bison, etc. A general observation, which repeats a point made above, is that the use of parenthesis in the presentation syntax can feel inconsistent and un-intuitive.   It isn’t actually inconsistent, but I think the presentation syntax could be improved by adopting braces, rather than parenthesis, to delimit subordinate syntax elements in a similar way to so many programming languages. The familiarity of braces would communicate the structure of the syntax more clearly to people like me.  If braces were adopted, parentheses could be retained around ‘var (frame | ‘new()’) constructs in action blocks. This use of parenthesis feels very LISP-like, and I think that this is my issue. It’s as if the presentation syntax represents the deformed love-child of LISP and C. In some places (specifically, action blocks), parenthesis is used in a LISP-like fashion. In other places it is used like braces in C. I find this quite confusing. Here is a corrected version of the running example (Example 9.1) in compliant presentation syntax: Document(    Prefix( ex1 <http://example.com/2009/prd2> )    (* ex1:CheckoutRuleset *)  Group rif:forwardChaining (     (* ex1:GoldRule *)    Group 10 (      Forall ?customer such that And(?customer # ex1:Customer                                     ?customer[ex1:status->"Silver"])        (Forall ?shoppingCart such that ?customer[ex1:shoppingCart->?shoppingCart]           (If Exists ?value (And(?shoppingCart[ex1:value->?value]                                  External(pred:numeric-greater-than-or-equal(?value 2000))))            Then Do(Modify(?customer[ex1:status->"Gold"])))))      (* ex1:DiscountRule *)    Group (      Forall ?customer such that ?customer # ex1:Customer        (If Or( ?customer[ex1:status->"Silver"]                ?customer[ex1:status->"Gold"])         Then Do ((?s ?customer[ex1:shoppingCart-> ?s])                  (?v ?s[ex1:value->?v])                  Modify(?s [ex1:value->External(func:numeric-multiply (?v 0.95))]))))      (* ex1:NewCustomerAndWidgetRule *)    Group (      Forall ?customer such that And(?customer # ex1:Customer                                     ?customer[ex1:status->"New"] )        (If Exists ?shoppingCart ?item                   (And(?customer[ex1:shoppingCart->?shoppingCart]                        ?shoppingCart[ex1:containsItem->?item]                        ?item # ex1:Widget ) )         Then Do( (?s ?customer[ex1:shoppingCart->?s])                  (?val ?s[ex1:value->?val])                  (?voucher ?customer[ex1:voucher->?voucher])                  Retract(?customer[ex1:voucher->?voucher])                  Retract(?voucher)                  Modify(?s[ex1:value->External(func:numeric-multiply(?val 0.90))]))))      (* ex1:UnknownStatusRule *)    Group (      Forall ?customer such that ?customer # ex1:Customer        (If Not(Exists ?status                       (And(?customer[ex1:status->?status]                            External(pred:list-contains(List("New" "Bronze" "Silver" "Gold") ?status)) )))         Then Do( Execute(act:print(External(func:concat("New customer: " ?customer))))                  Assert(?customer[ex1:status->"New"]))))  ) )   I hope that helps someone out there :-)

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• Send as another user / email address in Exchange 2010

  - by adamo

  In my setup there exist user1, ..., [email protected]. Mail for example.com is handled by Exchange 2010 and all the users user Outlook 2010. There also exists a Standard Distribution list named [email protected]. Is it possible to have some of the users being able to send email with [email protected] as the sender address? Can the sender's GECOS be different too when this happens so that the recipient sees "Offices of Example.com" instead of "User Name X"? Sometimes the secretaries need to send stuff as "the office" and not as theirselves ...

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• Design Patterns - Why the need for interfaces?

  - by Kyle Johnson

  OK. I am learning design patterns. Every time I see someone code an example of a design pattern they use interfaces. Here is an example: http://visualstudiomagazine.com/Articles/2013/06/18/the-facade-pattern-in-net.aspx?Page=1 Can someone explain to me why was the interfaces needed in this example to demonstrate the facade pattern? The program work if you pass in the classes to the facade instead of the interface. If I don't have interfaces does that mean

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