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  • non blocking TCP-acceptor not reading from socket

    - by Abruzzo Forte e Gentile
    I have the code below implementing a NON-Blocking TCP acceptor. Clients are able to connect without any problem and the writing seems occurring as well, but the acceptor doesn't read anything from the socket and the call to read() blocks indefinitely. Am I using some wrong setting for the acceptor? Kind Regards AFG int main(){ create_programming_socket(); poll_programming_connect(); while(1){ poll_programming_read(); } } int create_programming_socket(){ int cnt = 0; p_listen_socket = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ); if( p_listen_socket < 0 ){ return 1; } int flags = fcntl( p_listen_socket, F_GETFL, 0 ); if( fcntl( p_listen_socket, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK ) == -1 ){ return 1; } bzero( (char*)&p_serv_addr, sizeof(p_serv_addr) ); p_serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; p_serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; p_serv_addr.sin_port = htons( p_port ); if( bind( p_listen_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&p_serv_addr , sizeof(p_serv_addr) ) < 0 ) { return 1; } listen( p_listen_socket, 5 ); return 0; } int poll_programming_connect(){ int retval = 0; static socklen_t p_clilen = sizeof(p_cli_addr); int res = accept( p_listen_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&p_cli_addr, &p_clilen ); if( res > 0 ){ p_conn_socket = res; int flags = fcntl( p_conn_socket, F_GETFL, 0 ); if( fcntl( p_conn_socket, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK ) == -1 ){ retval = 1; }else{ p_connected = true; } }else if( res == -1 && ( errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN ) ) { //printf( "poll_sock(): accept(c_listen_socket) would block\n"); }else{ retval = 1; } return retval; } int poll_programming_read(){ int retval = 0; bzero( p_buffer, 256 ); int numbytes = read( p_conn_socket, p_buffer, 255 ); if( numbytes > 0 ) { fprintf( stderr, "poll_sock(): read() read %d bytes\n", numbytes ); pkt_struct2_t tx_buf; int fred; int i; } else if( numbytes == -1 && ( errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN ) ) { //printf( "poll_sock(): read() would block\n"); } else { close( p_conn_socket ); p_connected = false; retval = 1; } return retval; }

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  • Static constructor can run after the non-static constructor. Is this a compiler bug?

    - by Joe H
    The output from the following program is: Non-Static Static Non-Static Is this a compiler bug? I expected: Static Non-Static Non-Static because I thought the static constructor was ALWAYS called before the non-static constructor. I tested this with Visual Studio 2010 using both .net 3.5 and .net 4.0. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace StaticConstructorBug { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var mc = new MyClass(); Console.ReadKey(); } } public class MyClass { public MyClass() { Console.WriteLine("Non-static"); } static MyClass() { Console.WriteLine("Static"); } public static MyClass aVar = new MyClass(); } }

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  • Why PHP Error: Call to a member function set_prefix() on a non-object

    - by Rebol Tutorial
    I got this error Fatal error: Call to a member function set_prefix() on a non-object in /home/reboltutorial/reboltutorial.com/wp-settings.php on line 254 line 254 contains: $prefix = $wpdb->set_prefix($table_prefix); // set up global tables This occurs if I try to call index_wordpress() instead of calling these two lines define('WP_USE_THEMES', true); require('./wp-blog-header.php'); so this doesn't work: <?php function index_wordpress() { define('WP_USE_THEMES', true); require('./wp-blog-header.php'); } ?> <?php if(!function_exists('apache_request_headers')) { function apache_request_headers() { $headers = array(); foreach($_SERVER as $key => $value) { if(substr($key, 0, 5) == 'HTTP_') { $headers[str_replace(' ', '-', ucwords(str_replace('_', ' ', strtolower(substr($key, 5)))))] = $value; } } return $headers; } } function getCurrentPageUrl() { $pageURL = 'http'; if ($_SERVER["HTTPS"] == "on") {$pageURL .= "s";} $pageURL .= "://"; if ($_SERVER["SERVER_PORT"] != "80") { $pageURL .= $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"].":".$_SERVER["SERVER_PORT"].$_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"]; } else { $pageURL .= $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"].$_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"]; } return $pageURL; } $a = apache_request_headers(); $pos = strrpos($a["User-Agent"], "REBOL"); if ($pos === false) { index_wordpress(); } else { if ($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] != "69.163.203.14") { $command= './cgi-bin/index.cgi '. '"' . getCurrentPageUrl() . '"'; echo system($command); } else { index_wordpress(); } } ?> while this works: <?php if(!function_exists('apache_request_headers')) { function apache_request_headers() { $headers = array(); foreach($_SERVER as $key => $value) { if(substr($key, 0, 5) == 'HTTP_') { $headers[str_replace(' ', '-', ucwords(str_replace('_', ' ', strtolower(substr($key, 5)))))] = $value; } } return $headers; } } function getCurrentPageUrl() { $pageURL = 'http'; if ($_SERVER["HTTPS"] == "on") {$pageURL .= "s";} $pageURL .= "://"; if ($_SERVER["SERVER_PORT"] != "80") { $pageURL .= $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"].":".$_SERVER["SERVER_PORT"].$_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"]; } else { $pageURL .= $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"].$_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"]; } return $pageURL; } $a = apache_request_headers(); $pos = strrpos($a["User-Agent"], "REBOL"); if ($pos === false) { define('WP_USE_THEMES', true); require('./wp-blog-header.php'); } else { if ($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] != "69.163.203.14") { $command= './cgi-bin/index.cgi '. '"' . getCurrentPageUrl() . '"'; echo system($command); } else { define('WP_USE_THEMES', true); require('./wp-blog-header.php'); } } ?>

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  • [C#] How to do a search from a list with non-prefix keywords

    - by aNui
    First of all, sorry if my english or my post got any mistakes. I am programming a program to search the name from the list and I need to find them if the keyword is not in front of the names (that's what I mean non-prefix) e.g. if I my list is the music instruments and I type "guit" to the search textbox. It should find the names "Guitar, Guitarrón, Acoustic Guitar, Bass Guitar, ..." or something like this Longdo Dictionary's search suggestion. here is my simple and stupid algorithm (that's all I can do) const int SEARCHROWLIMIT = 30; private string[] DoSearch(string Input, string[] ListToSearch) { List<string> FoundNames = new List<string>(); int max = 0; bool over = false; for (int k = 0; !over; k++) { foreach (string item in ListToSearch) { max = (max > item.Length) ? max : item.Length; if (k > item.Length) continue; if (k >= max) { over = true; break; } if (!Input.Equals("Search") && item.Substring(k, item.Length - k).StartsWith(Input, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) { bool exist = false; int i = 0; while (!exist && i < FoundNames.Count) { if (item.Equals(FoundNames[i])) { exist = true; break; } i++; } if (!exist && FoundNames.Count < SEARCHROWLIMIT) FoundNames.Add(item); else if (FoundNames.Count >= SEARCHROWLIMIT) over = true; } } } return FoundNames.ToArray(); } I think this algorithm is too slow for a large number of names and after several trial-and-error, I decided to add SEARCHROWLIMIT to breaks the operation And I also think there're some readymade methods that can do that. And another problem is I need to search music instruments by a category like strings, percussions, ... and by the country of origins. So I need to search them with filter by type and country. please help me. P.S. Me and my friends are just student from Thailand and developing the project to compete in Microsoft Imagine Cup 2010 and please become fan on our facebook page [KRATIB][3]. And we're so sorry we don't have much information in English but you can talk to us in English.

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  • Can the STREAM and GUPS (single CPU) benchmark use non-local memory in NUMA machine

    - by osgx
    Hello I want to run some tests from HPCC, STREAM and GUPS. They will test memory bandwidth, latency, and throughput (in term of random accesses). Can I start Single CPU test STREAM or Single CPU GUPS on NUMA node with memory interleaving enabled? (Is it allowed by the rules of HPCC - High Performance Computing Challenge?) Usage of non-local memory can increase GUPS results, because it will increase 2- or 4- fold the number of memory banks, available for random accesses. (GUPS typically limited by nonideal memory-subsystem and by slow memory bank opening/closing. With more banks it can do update to one bank, while the other banks are opening/closing.) Thanks. UPDATE: (you may nor reorder the memory accesses that the program makes). But can compiler reorder loops nesting? E.g. hpcc/RandomAccess.c /* Perform updates to main table. The scalar equivalent is: * * u64Int ran; * ran = 1; * for (i=0; i<NUPDATE; i++) { * ran = (ran << 1) ^ (((s64Int) ran < 0) ? POLY : 0); * table[ran & (TableSize-1)] ^= stable[ran >> (64-LSTSIZE)]; * } */ for (j=0; j<128; j++) ran[j] = starts ((NUPDATE/128) * j); for (i=0; i<NUPDATE/128; i++) { /* #pragma ivdep */ for (j=0; j<128; j++) { ran[j] = (ran[j] << 1) ^ ((s64Int) ran[j] < 0 ? POLY : 0); Table[ran[j] & (TableSize-1)] ^= stable[ran[j] >> (64-LSTSIZE)]; } } The main loop here is for (i=0; i<NUPDATE/128; i++) { and the nested loop is for (j=0; j<128; j++) {. Using 'loop interchange' optimization, compiler can convert this code to for (j=0; j<128; j++) { for (i=0; i<NUPDATE/128; i++) { ran[j] = (ran[j] << 1) ^ ((s64Int) ran[j] < 0 ? POLY : 0); Table[ran[j] & (TableSize-1)] ^= stable[ran[j] >> (64-LSTSIZE)]; } } It can be done because this loop nest is perfect loop nest. Is such optimization prohibited by rules of HPCC?

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  • function fetch() on a non-object problem

    - by shin
    I have this url, http://webworks.net/ww.incs/forgotten-password-verification.php?verification_code=974bf747124c69f12ae3b36afcaccc68&[email protected]&redirect=/ww.admin/index.php And this gives the following error. Fatal error: Call to a member function fetch() on a non-object in /var/www/webworks/ww.incs/basics.php on line 23 Call Stack: 0.0005 338372 1. {main}() /var/www/webworks/ww.incs/forgotten-password-verification.php: 0 0.0020 363796 2. dbRow() /var/www/webworks/ww.incs/forgotten-password-verification.php:18 The forgotten-password-verification.php require 'login-libs.php'; login_check_is_email_provided(); // check that a verification code was provided if( !isset($_REQUEST['verification_code']) || $_REQUEST['verification_code']=='' ){ login_redirect($url,'novalidation'); } // check that the email/verification code combination matches a row in the user table // $password=md5($_REQUEST['email'].'|'.$_REQUEST['password']); $r=dbRow('select * from user_accounts where email="'.addslashes($_REQUEST['email']).'" and verification_code="'.$_REQUEST['verification_code'].'" and active' ); if($r==false){ login_redirect($url,'validationfailed'); } // success! set the session variable, then redirect $_SESSION['userdata']=$r; $groups=json_decode($r['groups']); $_SESSION['userdata']['groups']=array(); foreach($groups as $g)$_SESSION['userdata']['groups'][$g]=true; if($r['extras']=='')$r['extras']='[]'; $_SESSION['userdata']['extras']=json_decode($r['extras']); login_redirect($url); And login-libs, require 'basics.php'; $url='/'; $err=0; function login_redirect($url,$msg='success'){ if($msg)$url.='?login_msg='.$msg; header('Location: '.$url); echo '<a href="'.htmlspecialchars($url).'">redirect</a>'; exit; } // set up the redirect if(isset($_REQUEST['redirect'])){ $url=preg_replace('/[\?\&].*/','',$_REQUEST['redirect']); if($url=='')$url='/'; } // check that the email address is provided and valid function login_check_is_email_provided(){ if( !isset($_REQUEST['email']) || $_REQUEST['email']=='' || !filter_var($_REQUEST['email'], FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL) ){ login_redirect($GLOBALS['url'],'noemail'); } } // check that the captcha is provided function login_check_is_captcha_provided(){ if( !isset($_REQUEST["recaptcha_challenge_field"]) || $_REQUEST["recaptcha_challenge_field"]=='' || !isset($_REQUEST["recaptcha_response_field"]) || $_REQUEST["recaptcha_response_field"]=='' ){ login_redirect($GLOBALS['url'],'nocaptcha'); } } // check that the captcha is valid function login_check_is_captcha_valid(){ require 'recaptcha.php'; $resp=recaptcha_check_answer( RECAPTCHA_PRIVATE, $_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"], $_REQUEST["recaptcha_challenge_field"], $_REQUEST["recaptcha_response_field"] ); if(!$resp->is_valid){ login_redirect($GLOBALS['url'],'invalidcaptcha'); } } basics.php is, session_start(); function __autoload($name) { require $name . '.php'; } function dbInit(){ if(isset($GLOBALS['db']))return $GLOBALS['db']; global $DBVARS; $db=new PDO('mysql:host='.$DBVARS['hostname'].';dbname='.$DBVARS['db_name'],$DBVARS['username'],$DBVARS['password']); $db->query('SET NAMES utf8'); $db->num_queries=0; $GLOBALS['db']=$db; return $db; } function dbQuery($query){ $db=dbInit(); $q=$db->query($query); $db->num_queries++; return $q; } function dbRow($query) { $q = dbQuery($query); return $q->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); } define('SCRIPTBASE', $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . '/'); require SCRIPTBASE . '.private/config.php'; if(!defined('CONFIG_FILE'))define('CONFIG_FILE',SCRIPTBASE.'.private/config.php'); set_include_path(SCRIPTBASE.'ww.php_classes'.PATH_SEPARATOR.get_include_path()); I am not sure how to solve the problem. Any help will be appreciated. Thanks in advance. UPDATE: My db CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `user_accounts` ( `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `email` text, `password` char(32) DEFAULT NULL, `active` tinyint(4) DEFAULT '0', `groups` text, `activation_key` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL, `extras` text, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=10 ; INSERT INTO `user_accounts` (`id`, `email`, `password`, `active`, `groups`, `activation_key`, `extras`) VALUES (2, '[email protected]', '6d24dde9d56b9eab99a303a713df2891', 1, '["_superadministrators"]', '5d50e39420127d0bab44a56612f2d89b', NULL), (3, '[email protected]', 'e83052ab33df32b94da18f6ff2353e94', 1, '[]', NULL, NULL), (9, '[email protected]', '9ca3eee3c43384a575eb746eeae0f279', 1, '["_superadministrators"]', '974bf747124c69f12ae3b36afcaccc68', NULL);

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  • How do I redirect www to non-www in Route53?

    - by fredley
    I host my site at domain.com. My DNS entries in Route53 are as follows: domain.com A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 300 domain.com NS stuff.awsdns-47.org 172800 domain.com SOA stuff.awsdns-47.org 900 I would like to redirect traffic from www.domain.com to domain.com, as currently this just returns a 404. This question on SO suggested a PTR record, and I added that: www.domain.com PTR domain.com 300 but it didn't work. What should I be doing?

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  • Printf in assembler doesn't print

    - by Gaim
    Hi there, I have got a homework to hack program using buffer overflow ( with disassambling, program was written in C++, I haven't got the source code ). I have already managed it but I have a problem. I have to print some message on the screen, so I found out address of printf function, pushed address of "HACKED" and address of "%s" on the stack ( in this order ) and called that function. Called code passed well but nothing had been printed. I have tried to simulate the environment like in other place in the program but there has to be something wrong. Do you have any idea what I am doing wrong that I have no output, please? Thanks a lot EDIT: This program is running on Windows XP SP3 32b, written in C++, Intel asm there is the "hack" code CPU Disasm Address Hex dump Command Comments 0012F9A3 90 NOP ;hack begins 0012F9A4 90 NOP 0012F9A5 90 NOP 0012F9A6 89E5 MOV EBP,ESP 0012F9A8 83EC 7F SUB ESP,7F ;creating a place for working data 0012F9AB 83EC 7F SUB ESP,7F 0012F9AE 31C0 XOR EAX,EAX 0012F9B0 50 PUSH EAX 0012F9B1 50 PUSH EAX 0012F9B2 50 PUSH EAX 0012F9B3 89E8 MOV EAX,EBP 0012F9B5 83E8 09 SUB EAX,9 0012F9B8 BA 1406EDFF MOV EDX,FFED0614 ;address to jump, it is negative because there mustn't be 00 bytes 0012F9BD F7DA NOT EDX 0012F9BF FFE2 JMP EDX ;I have to jump because there are some values overwritten by the program 0012F9C1 90 NOP 0012F9C2 0090 00000000 ADD BYTE PTR DS:[EAX],DL 0012F9C8 90 NOP 0012F9C9 90 NOP 0012F9CA 90 NOP 0012F9CB 90 NOP 0012F9CC 6C INS BYTE PTR ES:[EDI],DX ; I/O command 0012F9CD 65:6E OUTS DX,BYTE PTR GS:[ESI] ; I/O command 0012F9CF 67:74 68 JE SHORT 0012FA3A ; Superfluous address size prefix 0012F9D2 2069 73 AND BYTE PTR DS:[ECX+73],CH 0012F9D5 203439 AND BYTE PTR DS:[EDI+ECX],DH 0012F9D8 34 2C XOR AL,2C 0012F9DA 2066 69 AND BYTE PTR DS:[ESI+69],AH 0012F9DD 72 73 JB SHORT 0012FA52 0012F9DF 74 20 JE SHORT 0012FA01 0012F9E1 3120 XOR DWORD PTR DS:[EAX],ESP 0012F9E3 6C INS BYTE PTR ES:[EDI],DX ; I/O command 0012F9E4 696E 65 7300909 IMUL EBP,DWORD PTR DS:[ESI+65],-6F6FFF8D 0012F9EB 90 NOP 0012F9EC 90 NOP 0012F9ED 90 NOP 0012F9EE 31DB XOR EBX,EBX ; hack continues 0012F9F0 8818 MOV BYTE PTR DS:[EAX],BL ; writing 00 behind word "HACKED" 0012F9F2 83E8 06 SUB EAX,6 0012F9F5 50 PUSH EAX ; address of "HACKED" 0012F9F6 B8 3B8CBEFF MOV EAX,FFBE8C3B 0012F9FB F7D0 NOT EAX 0012F9FD 50 PUSH EAX ; address of "%s" 0012F9FE B8 FFE4BFFF MOV EAX,FFBFE4FF 0012FA03 F7D0 NOT EAX 0012FA05 FFD0 CALL EAX ;address of printf This code is really ugly because I am new in assembler and there mustn't be null bytes because of buffer-overflow bug

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  • Need help with Java Producer Consumer Problem, NullPointerException

    - by absk
    This is my code: package test; import java.util.logging.Level; import java.util.logging.Logger; class Data{ int ar[]=new int[50]; int ptr; Data() { for(int i=0;i<50;i++) ar[i]=0; ptr=0; } public int produce() { if(this.ptr<50) { this.ar[this.ptr]=1; this.ptr++; return this.ptr; } else return -1; } public int consume() { if(this.ptr>0) { this.ar[this.ptr]=0; this.ptr--; return this.ptr; } else return -1; } } class Prod implements Runnable{ private Main m; Prod(Main mm) { m=mm; } public void run() { int r = m.d.produce(); if (r != -1) { System.out.println("Produced, total elements: " + r); } else { try { wait(); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { Logger.getLogger(Prod.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } } } } class Cons implements Runnable{ private Main m; Cons(Main mm) { m=mm; } public void run() { int r=m.d.consume(); if(r!=-1) System.out.println("Consumed, total elements: " + r); else { try { wait(); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { Logger.getLogger(Prod.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } } notify(); } } public class Main{ Data d; public static void main(String s[]) throws InterruptedException{ Main m = new Main(); Prod p = new Prod(m); Cons c = new Cons(m); new Thread(p).start(); new Thread(c).start(); } } It is giving following errors: Exception in thread "Thread-0" Exception in thread "Thread-1" java.lang.NullPointerException at test.Cons.run(Main.java:84) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619) java.lang.NullPointerException at test.Prod.run(Main.java:58) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619) I am new to Java. Any help will be appreciated.

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  • What determines which Javascript functions are blocking vs non-blocking?

    - by Sean
    I have been doing web-based Javascript (vanilla JS, jQuery, Backbone, etc.) for a few years now, and recently I've been doing some work with Node.js. It took me a while to get the hang of "non-blocking" programming, but I've now gotten used to using callbacks for IO operations and whatnot. I understand that Javascript is single-threaded by nature. I understand the concept of the Node "event queue". What I DON'T understand is what determines whether an individual javascript operation is "blocking" vs. "non-blocking". How do I know which operations I can depend on to produce an output synchronously for me to use in later code, and which ones I'll need to pass callbacks to so I can process the output after the initial operation has completed? Is there a list of Javascript functions somewhere that are asynchronous/non-blocking, and a list of ones that are synchronous/blocking? What is preventing my Javascript app from being one giant race condition? I know that operations that take a long time, like IO operations in Node and AJAX operations on the web, require them to be asynchronous and therefore use callbacks - but who is determining what qualifies as "a long time"? Is there some sort of trigger within these operations that removes them from the normal "event queue"? If not, what makes them different from simple operations like assigning values to variables or looping through arrays, which it seems we can depend on to finish in a synchronous manner? Perhaps I'm not even thinking of this correctly - hoping someone can set me straight. Thanks!

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  • SQLite, python, unicode, and non-utf data

    - by Nathan Spears
    I started by trying to store strings in sqlite using python, and got the message: sqlite3.ProgrammingError: You must not use 8-bit bytestrings unless you use a text_factory that can interpret 8-bit bytestrings (like text_factory = str). It is highly recommended that you instead just switch your application to Unicode strings. Ok, I switched to Unicode strings. Then I started getting the message: sqlite3.OperationalError: Could not decode to UTF-8 column 'tag_artist' with text 'Sigur Rós' when trying to retrieve data from the db. More research and I started encoding it in utf8, but then 'Sigur Rós' starts looking like 'Sigur Rós' note: My console was set to display in 'latin_1' as @John Machin pointed out. What gives? After reading this, describing exactly the same situation I'm in, it seems as if the advice is to ignore the other advice and use 8-bit bytestrings after all. I didn't know much about unicode and utf before I started this process. I've learned quite a bit in the last couple hours, but I'm still ignorant of whether there is a way to correctly convert 'ó' from latin-1 to utf-8 and not mangle it. If there isn't, why would sqlite 'highly recommend' I switch my application to unicode strings? I'm going to update this question with a summary and some example code of everything I've learned in the last 24 hours so that someone in my shoes can have an easy(er) guide. If the information I post is wrong or misleading in any way please tell me and I'll update, or one of you senior guys can update. Summary of answers Let me first state the goal as I understand it. The goal in processing various encodings, if you are trying to convert between them, is to understand what your source encoding is, then convert it to unicode using that source encoding, then convert it to your desired encoding. Unicode is a base and encodings are mappings of subsets of that base. utf_8 has room for every character in unicode, but because they aren't in the same place as, for instance, latin_1, a string encoded in utf_8 and sent to a latin_1 console will not look the way you expect. In python the process of getting to unicode and into another encoding looks like: str.decode('source_encoding').encode('desired_encoding') or if the str is already in unicode str.encode('desired_encoding') For sqlite I didn't actually want to encode it again, I wanted to decode it and leave it in unicode format. Here are four things you might need to be aware of as you try to work with unicode and encodings in python. The encoding of the string you want to work with, and the encoding you want to get it to. The system encoding. The console encoding. The encoding of the source file Elaboration: (1) When you read a string from a source, it must have some encoding, like latin_1 or utf_8. In my case, I'm getting strings from filenames, so unfortunately, I could be getting any kind of encoding. Windows XP uses UCS-2 (a Unicode system) as its native string type, which seems like cheating to me. Fortunately for me, the characters in most filenames are not going to be made up of more than one source encoding type, and I think all of mine were either completely latin_1, completely utf_8, or just plain ascii (which is a subset of both of those). So I just read them and decoded them as if they were still in latin_1 or utf_8. It's possible, though, that you could have latin_1 and utf_8 and whatever other characters mixed together in a filename on Windows. Sometimes those characters can show up as boxes, other times they just look mangled, and other times they look correct (accented characters and whatnot). Moving on. (2) Python has a default system encoding that gets set when python starts and can't be changed during runtime. See here for details. Dirty summary ... well here's the file I added: \# sitecustomize.py \# this file can be anywhere in your Python path, \# but it usually goes in ${pythondir}/lib/site-packages/ import sys sys.setdefaultencoding('utf_8') This system encoding is the one that gets used when you use the unicode("str") function without any other encoding parameters. To say that another way, python tries to decode "str" to unicode based on the default system encoding. (3) If you're using IDLE or the command-line python, I think that your console will display according to the default system encoding. I am using pydev with eclipse for some reason, so I had to go into my project settings, edit the launch configuration properties of my test script, go to the Common tab, and change the console from latin-1 to utf-8 so that I could visually confirm what I was doing was working. (4) If you want to have some test strings, eg test_str = "ó" in your source code, then you will have to tell python what kind of encoding you are using in that file. (FYI: when I mistyped an encoding I had to ctrl-Z because my file became unreadable.) This is easily accomplished by putting a line like so at the top of your source code file: # -*- coding: utf_8 -*- If you don't have this information, python attempts to parse your code as ascii by default, and so: SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xf3' in file _redacted_ on line 81, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details Once your program is working correctly, or, if you aren't using python's console or any other console to look at output, then you will probably really only care about #1 on the list. System default and console encoding are not that important unless you need to look at output and/or you are using the builtin unicode() function (without any encoding parameters) instead of the string.decode() function. I wrote a demo function I will paste into the bottom of this gigantic mess that I hope correctly demonstrates the items in my list. Here is some of the output when I run the character 'ó' through the demo function, showing how various methods react to the character as input. My system encoding and console output are both set to utf_8 for this run: '?' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' '?' = unicode(char) ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data 'ó' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Now I will change the system and console encoding to latin_1, and I get this output for the same input: 'ó' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' 'ó' = unicode(char) <type 'unicode'> repr(unicode(char))=u'\xf3' 'ó' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Notice that the 'original' character displays correctly and the builtin unicode() function works now. Now I change my console output back to utf_8. '?' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' '?' = unicode(char) <type 'unicode'> repr(unicode(char))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Here everything still works the same as last time but the console can't display the output correctly. Etc. The function below also displays more information that this and hopefully would help someone figure out where the gap in their understanding is. I know all this information is in other places and more thoroughly dealt with there, but I hope that this would be a good kickoff point for someone trying to get coding with python and/or sqlite. Ideas are great but sometimes source code can save you a day or two of trying to figure out what functions do what. Disclaimers: I'm no encoding expert, I put this together to help my own understanding. I kept building on it when I should have probably started passing functions as arguments to avoid so much redundant code, so if I can I'll make it more concise. Also, utf_8 and latin_1 are by no means the only encoding schemes, they are just the two I was playing around with because I think they handle everything I need. Add your own encoding schemes to the demo function and test your own input. One more thing: there are apparently crazy application developers making life difficult in Windows. #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf_8 -*- import os import sys def encodingDemo(str): validStrings = () try: print "str =",str,"{0} repr(str) = {1}".format(type(str), repr(str)) validStrings += ((str,""),) except UnicodeEncodeError as ude: print "Couldn't print the str itself because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print ude try: x = unicode(str) print "unicode(str) = ",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded into unicode by the default system encoding"),) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "ERROR. unicode(str) couldn't decode the string because the system encoding is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string." print "\tThe system encoding is set to {0}. See error:\n\t".format(sys.getdefaultencoding()), print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the unicode(str) because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print uee try: x = str.decode('latin_1') print "str.decode('latin_1') =",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with latin_1 into unicode"),) try: print "str.decode('latin_1').encode('utf_8') =",str.decode('latin_1').encode('utf_8') validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with latin_1 into unicode and encoded into utf_8"),) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "The string was decoded into unicode using the latin_1 encoding, but couldn't be encoded into utf_8. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "Something didn't work, probably because the string wasn't latin_1 encoded. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the str.decode('latin_1') because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print uee try: x = str.decode('utf_8') print "str.decode('utf_8') =",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with utf_8 into unicode"),) try: print "str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') =",str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') didn't work. The string was decoded into unicode using the utf_8 encoding, but couldn't be encoded into latin_1. See error:\n\t", validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with utf_8 into unicode and encoded into latin_1"),) print ude except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "str.decode('utf_8') didn't work, probably because the string wasn't utf_8 encoded. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the str.decode('utf_8') because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t",uee print print "Printing information about each character in the original string." for char in str: try: print "\t'" + char + "' = original char {0} repr(char)={1}".format(type(char), repr(char)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = original char {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(char), repr(char), ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = original char {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(char), repr(char), uee) print uee try: x = unicode(char) print "\t'" + x + "' = unicode(char) {1} repr(unicode(char))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = unicode(char) ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = unicode(char) {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) try: x = char.decode('latin_1') print "\t'" + x + "' = char.decode('latin_1') {1} repr(char.decode('latin_1'))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = char.decode('latin_1') ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = char.decode('latin_1') {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) try: x = char.decode('utf_8') print "\t'" + x + "' = char.decode('utf_8') {1} repr(char.decode('utf_8'))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = char.decode('utf_8') {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) print x = 'ó' encodingDemo(x) Much thanks for the answers below and especially to @John Machin for answering so thoroughly.

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  • SQLite, python, unicode, and non-utf data

    - by Nathan Spears
    I started by trying to store strings in sqlite using python, and got the message: sqlite3.ProgrammingError: You must not use 8-bit bytestrings unless you use a text_factory that can interpret 8-bit bytestrings (like text_factory = str). It is highly recommended that you instead just switch your application to Unicode strings. Ok, I switched to Unicode strings. Then I started getting the message: sqlite3.OperationalError: Could not decode to UTF-8 column 'tag_artist' with text 'Sigur Rós' when trying to retrieve data from the db. More research and I started encoding it in utf8, but then 'Sigur Rós' starts looking like 'Sigur Rós' note: My console was set to display in 'latin_1' as @John Machin pointed out. What gives? After reading this, describing exactly the same situation I'm in, it seems as if the advice is to ignore the other advice and use 8-bit bytestrings after all. I didn't know much about unicode and utf before I started this process. I've learned quite a bit in the last couple hours, but I'm still ignorant of whether there is a way to correctly convert 'ó' from latin-1 to utf-8 and not mangle it. If there isn't, why would sqlite 'highly recommend' I switch my application to unicode strings? I'm going to update this question with a summary and some example code of everything I've learned in the last 24 hours so that someone in my shoes can have an easy(er) guide. If the information I post is wrong or misleading in any way please tell me and I'll update, or one of you senior guys can update. Summary of answers Let me first state the goal as I understand it. The goal in processing various encodings, if you are trying to convert between them, is to understand what your source encoding is, then convert it to unicode using that source encoding, then convert it to your desired encoding. Unicode is a base and encodings are mappings of subsets of that base. utf_8 has room for every character in unicode, but because they aren't in the same place as, for instance, latin_1, a string encoded in utf_8 and sent to a latin_1 console will not look the way you expect. In python the process of getting to unicode and into another encoding looks like: str.decode('source_encoding').encode('desired_encoding') or if the str is already in unicode str.encode('desired_encoding') For sqlite I didn't actually want to encode it again, I wanted to decode it and leave it in unicode format. Here are four things you might need to be aware of as you try to work with unicode and encodings in python. The encoding of the string you want to work with, and the encoding you want to get it to. The system encoding. The console encoding. The encoding of the source file Elaboration: (1) When you read a string from a source, it must have some encoding, like latin_1 or utf_8. In my case, I'm getting strings from filenames, so unfortunately, I could be getting any kind of encoding. Windows XP uses UCS-2 (a Unicode system) as its native string type, which seems like cheating to me. Fortunately for me, the characters in most filenames are not going to be made up of more than one source encoding type, and I think all of mine were either completely latin_1, completely utf_8, or just plain ascii (which is a subset of both of those). So I just read them and decoded them as if they were still in latin_1 or utf_8. It's possible, though, that you could have latin_1 and utf_8 and whatever other characters mixed together in a filename on Windows. Sometimes those characters can show up as boxes, other times they just look mangled, and other times they look correct (accented characters and whatnot). Moving on. (2) Python has a default system encoding that gets set when python starts and can't be changed during runtime. See here for details. Dirty summary ... well here's the file I added: \# sitecustomize.py \# this file can be anywhere in your Python path, \# but it usually goes in ${pythondir}/lib/site-packages/ import sys sys.setdefaultencoding('utf_8') This system encoding is the one that gets used when you use the unicode("str") function without any other encoding parameters. To say that another way, python tries to decode "str" to unicode based on the default system encoding. (3) If you're using IDLE or the command-line python, I think that your console will display according to the default system encoding. I am using pydev with eclipse for some reason, so I had to go into my project settings, edit the launch configuration properties of my test script, go to the Common tab, and change the console from latin-1 to utf-8 so that I could visually confirm what I was doing was working. (4) If you want to have some test strings, eg test_str = "ó" in your source code, then you will have to tell python what kind of encoding you are using in that file. (FYI: when I mistyped an encoding I had to ctrl-Z because my file became unreadable.) This is easily accomplished by putting a line like so at the top of your source code file: # -*- coding: utf_8 -*- If you don't have this information, python attempts to parse your code as ascii by default, and so: SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xf3' in file _redacted_ on line 81, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details Once your program is working correctly, or, if you aren't using python's console or any other console to look at output, then you will probably really only care about #1 on the list. System default and console encoding are not that important unless you need to look at output and/or you are using the builtin unicode() function (without any encoding parameters) instead of the string.decode() function. I wrote a demo function I will paste into the bottom of this gigantic mess that I hope correctly demonstrates the items in my list. Here is some of the output when I run the character 'ó' through the demo function, showing how various methods react to the character as input. My system encoding and console output are both set to utf_8 for this run: '?' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' '?' = unicode(char) ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data 'ó' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Now I will change the system and console encoding to latin_1, and I get this output for the same input: 'ó' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' 'ó' = unicode(char) <type 'unicode'> repr(unicode(char))=u'\xf3' 'ó' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Notice that the 'original' character displays correctly and the builtin unicode() function works now. Now I change my console output back to utf_8. '?' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' '?' = unicode(char) <type 'unicode'> repr(unicode(char))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Here everything still works the same as last time but the console can't display the output correctly. Etc. The function below also displays more information that this and hopefully would help someone figure out where the gap in their understanding is. I know all this information is in other places and more thoroughly dealt with there, but I hope that this would be a good kickoff point for someone trying to get coding with python and/or sqlite. Ideas are great but sometimes source code can save you a day or two of trying to figure out what functions do what. Disclaimers: I'm no encoding expert, I put this together to help my own understanding. I kept building on it when I should have probably started passing functions as arguments to avoid so much redundant code, so if I can I'll make it more concise. Also, utf_8 and latin_1 are by no means the only encoding schemes, they are just the two I was playing around with because I think they handle everything I need. Add your own encoding schemes to the demo function and test your own input. One more thing: there are apparently crazy application developers making life difficult in Windows. #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf_8 -*- import os import sys def encodingDemo(str): validStrings = () try: print "str =",str,"{0} repr(str) = {1}".format(type(str), repr(str)) validStrings += ((str,""),) except UnicodeEncodeError as ude: print "Couldn't print the str itself because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print ude try: x = unicode(str) print "unicode(str) = ",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded into unicode by the default system encoding"),) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "ERROR. unicode(str) couldn't decode the string because the system encoding is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string." print "\tThe system encoding is set to {0}. See error:\n\t".format(sys.getdefaultencoding()), print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the unicode(str) because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print uee try: x = str.decode('latin_1') print "str.decode('latin_1') =",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with latin_1 into unicode"),) try: print "str.decode('latin_1').encode('utf_8') =",str.decode('latin_1').encode('utf_8') validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with latin_1 into unicode and encoded into utf_8"),) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "The string was decoded into unicode using the latin_1 encoding, but couldn't be encoded into utf_8. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "Something didn't work, probably because the string wasn't latin_1 encoded. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the str.decode('latin_1') because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print uee try: x = str.decode('utf_8') print "str.decode('utf_8') =",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with utf_8 into unicode"),) try: print "str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') =",str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') didn't work. The string was decoded into unicode using the utf_8 encoding, but couldn't be encoded into latin_1. See error:\n\t", validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with utf_8 into unicode and encoded into latin_1"),) print ude except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "str.decode('utf_8') didn't work, probably because the string wasn't utf_8 encoded. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the str.decode('utf_8') because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t",uee print print "Printing information about each character in the original string." for char in str: try: print "\t'" + char + "' = original char {0} repr(char)={1}".format(type(char), repr(char)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = original char {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(char), repr(char), ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = original char {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(char), repr(char), uee) print uee try: x = unicode(char) print "\t'" + x + "' = unicode(char) {1} repr(unicode(char))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = unicode(char) ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = unicode(char) {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) try: x = char.decode('latin_1') print "\t'" + x + "' = char.decode('latin_1') {1} repr(char.decode('latin_1'))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = char.decode('latin_1') ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = char.decode('latin_1') {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) try: x = char.decode('utf_8') print "\t'" + x + "' = char.decode('utf_8') {1} repr(char.decode('utf_8'))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = char.decode('utf_8') {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) print x = 'ó' encodingDemo(x) Much thanks for the answers below and especially to @John Machin for answering so thoroughly.

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  • Teach Perl as a first language?

    - by yossale
    I need to teach a non-programmer the basics of computer programming + some basic programming skills (- He's going to be in a position between the clients and the programmers , so the company requires him to learn the basic concepts of programming). I thought of Perl - You can teach it without getting into typing and pointers and it's syntax is very close to human (precious "bless" :) ) - but I'm a bit troubled because I feel like I'm going to "spoil" him for other languages in the future (C,C++,Java - What some people call "Real" languages) - exactly because of the reasons mentioned above. What do you think?

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  • If-elseif-else Logic Question

    - by Changeling
    I have a set of three values, call them x, y, and z. If value A happens to match only one in the set x, y, and z, then that means we have a proper match and we stop searching for a match, even if it is at y. It can match any one in that set. These values x, y, and z are non-constant so I cannot use a switch-case statement. How do I do this with an if-elseif-else statements without having to use GOTO. I am using C++ (no boost or any of that other fancy stuff). Now, I am trying to do this in code and it is racking my brain this morning (not enough coffee?)

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  • How to explain to a client that you've gone over-budget and you'll need more money/time to deliver w

    - by General Tapioca
    My situation is that I have agreed on a per-project proposal with the client. The proposal is vague, but still names functionality in a way that can be argued as to whether it's included or not, while leaving some room for interpretation. I originally pressed as much as I could to get a per-month contract, arguing that the project is mostly non-predictable, but the client refused. Being a small company, I had to fold and signed a contract on an estimate based on my group's estimations. At this point we have reached completion on about 85% of the features (we think) but we ran out of budget. We have been working for almost two years with this client in previous contracts, and we have delivered a good product that they are happy with, so we have a good standing relationship. More info: -There has been a bit of scope-creep, but I don't think enough for me to hide behind that argument -We've been delivering partial releases about monthly. -We don't have systematic user-testing in place.

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  • Any difference between lazy loading Javascript files vs. placing just before </body>

    - by mhr
    Looked around, couldn't find this specific question discussed. Pretty sure the difference is negligible, just curious as to your thoughts. Scenario: All Javascript that doesn't need to be loaded before page render has been placed just before the closing </body> tag. Are there any benefits or detriments to lazy loading these instead through some Javascript code in the head that executes when the DOM load/ready event is fired? Let's say that this only concerns downloading one entire .js file full of functions and not lazy loading several individual files as needed upon usage. Hope that's clear, thanks.

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  • Is there any tips for minimising access to a public page without login?

    - by alex
    I have a page that is just a non interactive display for a shop window. Obviously, I don't link to it, and I'd also like to avoid people stumbling across it (by Google etc). It will always be powered by Chrome. I have thought of... Checking User Agent for Chrome Ensuring resolution is 1920 x 1080 (not that useful as it is a client side check) Banning under robots.txt to keep Google out of it Do you have any more suggestions? Should I not really worry about it?

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  • Java Beginner Question : What is wrong with the code below ?

    - by happysoul
    public class Function { public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println(power(3,2)); System.out.println(power(3,2)); System.out.println(power(2)); } public long power(int m) { return m*m; } public long power(int m,int n) { long product=1; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) { product=product*m; } return product; } } Compiler displays this error :- Function.java:5: non-static method power(int,int) cannot be referenced from a static context

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  • Zend Framework 2 without MVC

    - by Luke
    I'm currently using Zend Framework 2 for all my web tier development using the MVC module that's shipped with the framework. However, I want to implement my business logic in a separate layer, call it the business tier which is a non HTTP layer and expose it through AMQP, and I'd like to reuse my knowledge of PHP for implementing this. Since there is a lot of "stuff" that I need in this business layer such as configuration, a service manager, database access, etc, etc, I'd like to use all the goodies shipped with Zend Framework 2 for this. Are there any examples or tutorials out there on how to build a Zend Framework 2 application that is not build for the web tier and doesn't require the MVC module?

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  • Java method help

    - by dalton conley
    Ok, so I'm working on a project for a class I'm taking.. simple music library. Now I'm having some issues, the main issue is I'm getting "non-static method cannot be referenced from a static context" Here is a function I have public void addSong() { Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); Song temp = new Song(); int index = countFileLines(Main.databaseFile); index = index + 2; temp.index = index; System.out.print("Enter the artist name: "); temp.artist.append(scan.next()); } Now thats in a class file called LibraryFunctions. So I can access it with LibraryFunctions.addSong(); Now I'm trying to run this in my main java file and its giving me the error, I know why the error is happening, but what do I do about it? If I make addSong() a static function then it throws errors at me with the Song temp = new Song() being static. Kind of ironic. Much help is appreciated on this!

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  • Troubleshoot Perl module installation on Mac OS X

    - by Daniel Standage
    I'm trying to install the Perl module Set::IntervalTree on Mac OS X. I recently installed it today on an Ubuntu box with no problem. I simply started cpan, entered install Set:IntervalTree, and it all worked out. However, the installation failed on Mac OS X--it spits out a huge list of compiler errors (below). How would I troubleshoot this. I don't even know where to begin. cpan[1]> install Set::IntervalTree CPAN: Storable loaded ok (v2.18) Going to read /Users/standage/.cpan/Metadata Database was generated on Fri, 14 Jan 2011 02:58:42 GMT CPAN: YAML loaded ok (v0.72) Going to read /Users/standage/.cpan/build/ ............................................................................DONE Found 1 old build, restored the state of 1 Running install for module 'Set::IntervalTree' Running make for B/BE/BENBOOTH/Set-IntervalTree-0.01.tar.gz CPAN: Digest::SHA loaded ok (v5.45) CPAN: Compress::Zlib loaded ok (v2.008) Checksum for /Users/standage/.cpan/sources/authors/id/B/BE/BENBOOTH/Set-IntervalTree-0.01.tar.gz ok Scanning cache /Users/standage/.cpan/build for sizes ............................................................................DONE x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/ x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/src/ x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/src/Makefile x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/src/interval_tree.h x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/src/test_main.cc x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/lib/ x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/lib/Set/ x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/lib/Set/IntervalTree.pm x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/Changes x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/MANIFEST x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/t/ x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/t/Set-IntervalTree.t x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/typemap x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/perlobject.map x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/IntervalTree.xs x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/Makefile.PL x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/README x Set-IntervalTree-0.01/META.yml CPAN: File::Temp loaded ok (v0.18) CPAN.pm: Going to build B/BE/BENBOOTH/Set-IntervalTree-0.01.tar.gz Checking if your kit is complete... Looks good Writing Makefile for Set::IntervalTree cp lib/Set/IntervalTree.pm blib/lib/Set/IntervalTree.pm AutoSplitting blib/lib/Set/IntervalTree.pm (blib/lib/auto/Set/IntervalTree) /usr/bin/perl /System/Library/Perl/5.10.0/ExtUtils/xsubpp -C++ -typemap /System/Library/Perl/5.10.0/ExtUtils/typemap -typemap perlobject.map -typemap typemap IntervalTree.xs > IntervalTree.xsc && mv IntervalTree.xsc IntervalTree.c g++ -c -Isrc -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -arch ppc -g -pipe -fno-common -DPERL_DARWIN -fno-strict-aliasing -I/usr/local/include -g -O0 -DVERSION=\"0.01\" -DXS_VERSION=\"0.01\" "-I/System/Library/Perl/5.10.0/darwin-thread-multi-2level/CORE" -Isrc IntervalTree.c In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/basic_ios.h:44, from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ios:50, from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:45, from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/iostream:45, from IntervalTree.xs:16: /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/locale_facets.h:4420:40: error: macro "do_open" requires 7 arguments, but only 2 given /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/locale_facets.h:4467:34: error: macro "do_close" requires 2 arguments, but only 1 given /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/locale_facets.h:4486:55: error: macro "do_open" requires 7 arguments, but only 2 given /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/locale_facets.h:4513:23: error: macro "do_close" requires 2 arguments, but only 1 given In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/locale_facets.h:4599, from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/basic_ios.h:44, from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ios:50, from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:45, from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/iostream:45, from IntervalTree.xs:16: /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/i686-apple-darwin10/x86_64/bits/messages_members.h:58:38: error: macro "do_open" requires 7 arguments, but only 2 given /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/i686-apple-darwin10/x86_64/bits/messages_members.h:67:71: error: macro "do_open" requires 7 arguments, but only 2 given /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/i686-apple-darwin10/x86_64/bits/messages_members.h:78:39: error: macro "do_close" requires 2 arguments, but only 1 given In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/basic_ios.h:44, from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ios:50, from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:45, from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/iostream:45, from IntervalTree.xs:16: /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/locale_facets.h:4486: error: ‘do_open’ declared as a ‘virtual’ field /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/locale_facets.h:4486: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘const’ /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/locale_facets.h:4513: error: variable or field ‘do_close’ declared void /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/locale_facets.h:4513: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘const’ In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/locale_facets.h:4599, from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/basic_ios.h:44, from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ios:50, from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:45, from /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/iostream:45, from IntervalTree.xs:16: /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/i686-apple-darwin10/x86_64/bits/messages_members.h:67: error: expected initializer before ‘const’ /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/i686-apple-darwin10/x86_64/bits/messages_members.h:78: error: expected initializer before ‘const’ In file included from IntervalTree.xs:19: src/interval_tree.h:95: error: type/value mismatch at argument 1 in template parameter list for ‘template<class _Tp, class _Alloc> class std::vector’ src/interval_tree.h:95: error: expected a type, got ‘IntervalTree<T,N>::it_recursion_node’ src/interval_tree.h:95: error: template argument 2 is invalid src/interval_tree.h: In constructor ‘IntervalTree<T, N>::IntervalTree()’: src/interval_tree.h:130: error: expected type-specifier src/interval_tree.h:130: error: expected `;' src/interval_tree.h:135: error: expected type-specifier src/interval_tree.h:135: error: expected `;' src/interval_tree.h:141: error: request for member ‘push_back’ in ‘((IntervalTree<T, N>*)this)->IntervalTree<T, N>::recursionNodeStack’, which is of non-class type ‘int’ src/interval_tree.h: In member function ‘void IntervalTree<T, N>::LeftRotate(IntervalTree<T, N>::Node*)’: src/interval_tree.h:178: error: ‘y’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h: In member function ‘void IntervalTree<T, N>::RightRotate(IntervalTree<T, N>::Node*)’: src/interval_tree.h:240: error: ‘x’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h: In member function ‘void IntervalTree<T, N>::TreeInsertHelp(IntervalTree<T, N>::Node*)’: src/interval_tree.h:298: error: ‘x’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h:299: error: ‘y’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h: In member function ‘typename IntervalTree<T, N>::Node* IntervalTree<T, N>::insert(const T&, N, N)’: src/interval_tree.h:375: error: ‘y’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h:376: error: ‘x’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h:377: error: ‘newNode’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h:379: error: expected type-specifier src/interval_tree.h:379: error: expected `;' src/interval_tree.h: In member function ‘typename IntervalTree<T, N>::Node* IntervalTree<T, N>::GetSuccessorOf(IntervalTree<T, N>::Node*) const’: src/interval_tree.h:450: error: ‘y’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h: In member function ‘typename IntervalTree<T, N>::Node* IntervalTree<T, N>::GetPredecessorOf(IntervalTree<T, N>::Node*) const’: src/interval_tree.h:483: error: ‘y’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h: In destructor ‘IntervalTree<T, N>::~IntervalTree()’: src/interval_tree.h:546: error: ‘x’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h:547: error: type/value mismatch at argument 1 in template parameter list for ‘template<class _Tp, class _Alloc> class std::vector’ src/interval_tree.h:547: error: expected a type, got ‘(IntervalTree<T,N>::Node * <expression error>)’ src/interval_tree.h:547: error: template argument 2 is invalid src/interval_tree.h:547: error: invalid type in declaration before ‘;’ token src/interval_tree.h:551: error: request for member ‘push_back’ in ‘stuffToFree’, which is of non-class type ‘int’ src/interval_tree.h:554: error: request for member ‘push_back’ in ‘stuffToFree’, which is of non-class type ‘int’ src/interval_tree.h:557: error: request for member ‘empty’ in ‘stuffToFree’, which is of non-class type ‘int’ src/interval_tree.h:558: error: request for member ‘back’ in ‘stuffToFree’, which is of non-class type ‘int’ src/interval_tree.h:559: error: request for member ‘pop_back’ in ‘stuffToFree’, which is of non-class type ‘int’ src/interval_tree.h:561: error: request for member ‘push_back’ in ‘stuffToFree’, which is of non-class type ‘int’ src/interval_tree.h:564: error: request for member ‘push_back’ in ‘stuffToFree’, which is of non-class type ‘int’ src/interval_tree.h: In member function ‘void IntervalTree<T, N>::DeleteFixUp(IntervalTree<T, N>::Node*)’: src/interval_tree.h:613: error: ‘w’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h:614: error: ‘rootLeft’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h: In member function ‘T IntervalTree<T, N>::remove(IntervalTree<T, N>::Node*)’: src/interval_tree.h:697: error: ‘y’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h:698: error: ‘x’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h: In member function ‘std::vector<T, std::allocator<_CharT> > IntervalTree<T, N>::fetch(N, N)’: src/interval_tree.h:819: error: ‘x’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h:833: error: invalid types ‘int[size_t]’ for array subscript src/interval_tree.h:836: error: request for member ‘push_back’ in ‘((IntervalTree<T, N>*)this)->IntervalTree<T, N>::recursionNodeStack’, which is of non-class type ‘int’ src/interval_tree.h:837: error: request for member ‘back’ in ‘((IntervalTree<T, N>*)this)->IntervalTree<T, N>::recursionNodeStack’, which is of non-class type ‘int’ src/interval_tree.h:838: error: request for member ‘back’ in ‘((IntervalTree<T, N>*)this)->IntervalTree<T, N>::recursionNodeStack’, which is of non-class type ‘int’ src/interval_tree.h:839: error: request for member ‘back’ in ‘((IntervalTree<T, N>*)this)->IntervalTree<T, N>::recursionNodeStack’, which is of non-class type ‘int’ src/interval_tree.h:840: error: request for member ‘size’ in ‘((IntervalTree<T, N>*)this)->IntervalTree<T, N>::recursionNodeStack’, which is of non-class type ‘int’ src/interval_tree.h:846: error: request for member ‘size’ in ‘((IntervalTree<T, N>*)this)->IntervalTree<T, N>::recursionNodeStack’, which is of non-class type ‘int’ src/interval_tree.h:847: error: expected `;' before ‘back’ src/interval_tree.h:848: error: request for member ‘pop_back’ in ‘((IntervalTree<T, N>*)this)->IntervalTree<T, N>::recursionNodeStack’, which is of non-class type ‘int’ src/interval_tree.h:850: error: ‘back’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h:853: error: invalid types ‘int[size_t]’ for array subscript IntervalTree.c: In function ‘void boot_Set__IntervalTree(PerlInterpreter*, CV*)’: IntervalTree.c:365: warning: deprecated conversion from string constant to ‘char*’ src/interval_tree.h: In constructor ‘IntervalTree<T, N>::IntervalTree() [with T = std::tr1::shared_ptr<sv>, N = long int]’: IntervalTree.c:67: instantiated from here src/interval_tree.h:130: error: cannot convert ‘int*’ to ‘IntervalTree<std::tr1::shared_ptr<sv>, long int>::Node*’ in assignment src/interval_tree.h:135: error: cannot convert ‘int*’ to ‘IntervalTree<std::tr1::shared_ptr<sv>, long int>::Node*’ in assignment ...blah blah blah... ...blah blah blah... ...blah blah blah... ...blah blah blah... ...blah blah blah... ...blah blah blah... src/interval_tree.h:848: error: request for member ‘pop_back’ in ‘((IntervalTree<T, N>*)this)->IntervalTree<T, N>::recursionNodeStack’, which is of non-class type ‘int’ src/interval_tree.h:850: error: ‘back’ was not declared in this scope src/interval_tree.h:853: error: invalid types ‘int[size_t]’ for array subscript IntervalTree.c: In function ‘void boot_Set__IntervalTree(PerlInterpreter*, CV*)’: IntervalTree.c:365: warning: deprecated conversion from string constant to ‘char*’ src/interval_tree.h: In constructor ‘IntervalTree<T, N>::IntervalTree() [with T = std::tr1::shared_ptr<sv>, N = long int]’: IntervalTree.c:67: instantiated from here src/interval_tree.h:130: error: cannot convert ‘int*’ to ‘IntervalTree<std::tr1::shared_ptr<sv>, long int>::Node*’ in assignment src/interval_tree.h:135: error: cannot convert ‘int*’ to ‘IntervalTree<std::tr1::shared_ptr<sv>, long int>::Node*’ in assignment src/interval_tree.h: In member function ‘typename IntervalTree<T, N>::Node* IntervalTree<T, N>::insert(const T&, N, N) [with T = std::tr1::shared_ptr<sv>, N = long int]’: IntervalTree.xs:57: instantiated from here src/interval_tree.h:375: error: dependent-name ‘IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ is parsed as a non-type, but instantiation yields a type src/interval_tree.h:375: note: say ‘typename IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ if a type is meant src/interval_tree.h:376: error: dependent-name ‘IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ is parsed as a non-type, but instantiation yields a type src/interval_tree.h:376: note: say ‘typename IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ if a type is meant src/interval_tree.h:377: error: dependent-name ‘IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ is parsed as a non-type, but instantiation yields a type src/interval_tree.h:377: note: say ‘typename IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ if a type is meant src/interval_tree.h: In member function ‘std::vector<T, std::allocator<_CharT> > IntervalTree<T, N>::fetch(N, N) [with T = std::tr1::shared_ptr<sv>, N = long int]’: IntervalTree.xs:65: instantiated from here src/interval_tree.h:819: error: dependent-name ‘IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ is parsed as a non-type, but instantiation yields a type src/interval_tree.h:819: note: say ‘typename IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ if a type is meant IntervalTree.xs:65: instantiated from here src/interval_tree.h:847: error: dependent-name ‘IntervalTree<T,N>::it_recursion_node’ is parsed as a non-type, but instantiation yields a type src/interval_tree.h:847: note: say ‘typename IntervalTree<T,N>::it_recursion_node’ if a type is meant src/interval_tree.h: In destructor ‘IntervalTree<T, N>::~IntervalTree() [with T = std::tr1::shared_ptr<sv>, N = long int]’: IntervalTree.c:205: instantiated from here src/interval_tree.h:546: error: dependent-name ‘IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ is parsed as a non-type, but instantiation yields a type src/interval_tree.h:546: note: say ‘typename IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ if a type is meant src/interval_tree.h: In member function ‘void IntervalTree<T, N>::TreeInsertHelp(IntervalTree<T, N>::Node*) [with T = std::tr1::shared_ptr<sv>, N = long int]’: src/interval_tree.h:380: instantiated from ‘typename IntervalTree<T, N>::Node* IntervalTree<T, N>::insert(const T&, N, N) [with T = std::tr1::shared_ptr<sv>, N = long int]’ IntervalTree.xs:57: instantiated from here src/interval_tree.h:298: error: dependent-name ‘IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ is parsed as a non-type, but instantiation yields a type src/interval_tree.h:298: note: say ‘typename IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ if a type is meant src/interval_tree.h:299: error: dependent-name ‘IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ is parsed as a non-type, but instantiation yields a type src/interval_tree.h:299: note: say ‘typename IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ if a type is meant src/interval_tree.h: In member function ‘void IntervalTree<T, N>::LeftRotate(IntervalTree<T, N>::Node*) [with T = std::tr1::shared_ptr<sv>, N = long int]’: src/interval_tree.h:395: instantiated from ‘typename IntervalTree<T, N>::Node* IntervalTree<T, N>::insert(const T&, N, N) [with T = std::tr1::shared_ptr<sv>, N = long int]’ IntervalTree.xs:57: instantiated from here src/interval_tree.h:178: error: dependent-name ‘IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ is parsed as a non-type, but instantiation yields a type src/interval_tree.h:178: note: say ‘typename IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ if a type is meant src/interval_tree.h: In member function ‘void IntervalTree<T, N>::RightRotate(IntervalTree<T, N>::Node*) [with T = std::tr1::shared_ptr<sv>, N = long int]’: src/interval_tree.h:399: instantiated from ‘typename IntervalTree<T, N>::Node* IntervalTree<T, N>::insert(const T&, N, N) [with T = std::tr1::shared_ptr<sv>, N = long int]’ IntervalTree.xs:57: instantiated from here src/interval_tree.h:240: error: dependent-name ‘IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ is parsed as a non-type, but instantiation yields a type src/interval_tree.h:240: note: say ‘typename IntervalTree<T,N>::Node’ if a type is meant lipo: can't open input file: /var/tmp//ccLthuaw.out (No such file or directory) make: *** [IntervalTree.o] Error 1 BENBOOTH/Set-IntervalTree-0.01.tar.gz make -- NOT OK Running make test Can't test without successful make Running make install Make had returned bad status, install seems impossible Failed during this command: BENBOOTH/Set-IntervalTree-0.01.tar.gz : make NO

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