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• 2D Grid Map Connectivity Check (avoiding stack overflow)

  - by SombreErmine

  I am trying to create a routine in C++ that will run before a more expensive A* algorithm that checks to see if two nodes on a 2D grid map are connected or not. What I need to know is a good way to accomplish this sequentially rather than recursively to avoid overflowing the stack. What I've Done Already I've implemented this with ease using a recursive algorithm; however, depending upon different situations it will generate a stack overflow. Upon researching this, I've come to the conclusion that it is overflowing the stack because of too many recursive function calls. I am sure that my recursion does not enter an infinite loop. I generate connected sets at the beginning of the level, and then I use those connected sets to determine connectivity on the fly later. Basically, the generating algorithm starts from left-to-right top-to-bottom. It skips wall nodes and marks them as visited. Whenever it reaches a walkable node, it recursively checks in all four cardinal directions for connected walkable nodes. Every node that gets checked is marked as visited so they aren't handled twice. After checking a node, it is added to either a walls set, a doors set, or one of multiple walkable nodes sets. Once it fills that area, it continues the original ltr ttb loop skipping already-visited nodes. I've also looked into flood-fill algorithms, but I can't make sense of the sequential algorithms and how to adapt them. Can anyone suggest a better way to accomplish this without causing a stack overflow? The only way I can think of is to do the left-to-right top-to-bottom loop generating connected sets on a row basis. Then check the previous row to see if any of the connected sets are connected and then join the sets that are. I haven't decided on the best data structures to use for that though. I also just thought about having the connected sets pre-generated outside the game, but I wouldn't know where to start with creating a tool for that. Any help is appreciated. Thanks!

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• Good 3D Game Engine for the Horror Genre [on hold]

  - by James Wassall

  I am starting to think about and design (pencil drawings) a simple, horror game. I'm in need of a good engine which supports features like Dynamic Lighting (for a characters flashlight) and dynamic shadows. My first choice was obviously Unity3D, as its free and is (supposedly) the easiest to use. However, I believe that a lot of features are locked for the Pro version (a $1500 investment). Is there any good, free engines that support dynamic events? I have read a lot of posts recommending the Source engine but I don't want to make a mod, I would like to make a fully featured standalone game. I'm not looking for opinions on "Which engine you prefer" or "Which engine do you use", all I would like is to be presented with the facts. -James

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• D3D11 how to simulate multiple depth channels

  - by Nock

  Here's what I'd like to achieve: Rendering a first pass of objects in my scene, using standard depth comparison Rendering another pass of objects in the same scene, but with the following rules: A Pixel of the 2nd pass always override the first pass (no depth compare between them) Use Depth comparison between pixels written from the second pass. In English I want depth comparison made inside each pass but I always want the second pass pixels to override the first pass ones. Some things I've thought: I tried to think about using stencil to solve this, but I couldn't find a way. I know I could render into a separate target the second pass then composite the result into the first, but I'd like to avoid that. I could use two separate Depth Buffer, one dedicated to each pass. (I never tried, but I figure it's possible to switch the depth buffer in a Render Target "on the fly") Any idea of the best solution? Thanks

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• My server is behind a router. How can I see my website correctly? [closed]

  - by Tokyo Dan

  I'm running a web server (Ubuntu) on my local home network. I'm behind a router. On the WAN I have a direct IP. When not on my home network and accessing my website via the WAN direct IP my website displays correctly and everything works. On my home LAN behind the router, accessing my website via the WAN direct gets me to my router's admin login page. This is normal. But... Accessing my website (via it's home LAN IP address) from another computer on my home LAN gets me to the website but the layout display is broken and clicking on any link takes me to the WAN direct IP (my router's Admin login page). How can i get my website to display properly and the links to work when accessing it from my home LAN?

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• Space-efficient data structures for broad-phase collision detection

  - by Marian Ivanov

  As far as I know, these are three types of data structures that can be used for collision detection broadphase: Unsorted arrays: Check every object againist every object - O(n^2) time; O(log n) space. It's so slow, it's useless if n isn't really small. for (i=1;i<objects;i++){ for(j=0;j<i;j++) narrowPhase(i,j); }; Sorted arrays: Sort the objects, so that you get O(n^(2-1/k)) for k dimensions O(n^1.5) for 2d and O(n^1.67) for 3d and O(n) space. Assuming the space is 2D and sortedArray is sorted so that if the object begins in sortedArray[i] and another object ends at sortedArray[i-1]; they don't collide Heaps of stacks: Divide the objects between a heap of stacks, so that you only have to check the bucket, its children and its parents - O(n log n) time, but O(n^2) space. This is probably the most frequently used approach. Is there a way of having O(n log n) time with less space? When is it more efficient to use sorted arrays over heaps and vice versa?

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• rotate sprite and shooting bullets from the end of a cannon

  - by Alberto

  Hi all i have a problem in my Andengine code, I need , when I touch the screen, shoot a bullet from the cannon (in the same direction of the cannon) The cannon rotates perfectly but when I touch the screen the bullet is not created at the end of the turret This is my code: private void shootProjectile(final float pX, final float pY){ int offX = (int) (pX-canon.getSceneCenterCoordinates()[0]); int offY = (int) (pY-canon.getSceneCenterCoordinates()[1]); if (offX <= 0) return ; if(offY>=0) return; double X=canon.getX()+canon.getWidth()*0,5; double Y=canon.getY()+canon.getHeight()*0,5 ; final Sprite projectile; projectile = new Sprite( (float) X, (float) Y, mProjectileTextureRegion,this.getVertexBufferObjectManager() ); mMainScene.attachChild(projectile); int realX = (int) (mCamera.getWidth()+ projectile.getWidth()/2.0f); float ratio = (float) offY / (float) offX; int realY = (int) ((realX*ratio) + projectile.getY()); int offRealX = (int) (realX- projectile.getX()); int offRealY = (int) (realY- projectile.getY()); float length = (float) Math.sqrt((offRealX*offRealX)+(offRealY*offRealY)); float velocity = (float) 480.0f/1.0f; float realMoveDuration = length/velocity; MoveModifier modifier = new MoveModifier(realMoveDuration,projectile.getX(), realX, projectile.getY(), realY); projectile.registerEntityModifier(modifier); } @Override public boolean onSceneTouchEvent(Scene pScene, TouchEvent pSceneTouchEvent) { if (pSceneTouchEvent.getAction() == TouchEvent.ACTION_MOVE){ double dx = pSceneTouchEvent.getX() - canon.getSceneCenterCoordinates()[0]; double dy = pSceneTouchEvent.getY() - canon.getSceneCenterCoordinates()[1]; double Radius = Math.atan2(dy,dx); double Angle = Radius * 180 / Math.PI; canon.setRotation((float)Angle); return true; } else if (pSceneTouchEvent.getAction() == TouchEvent.ACTION_DOWN){ final float touchX = pSceneTouchEvent.getX(); final float touchY = pSceneTouchEvent.getY(); double dx = pSceneTouchEvent.getX() - canon.getSceneCenterCoordinates()[0]; double dy = pSceneTouchEvent.getY() - canon.getSceneCenterCoordinates()[1]; double Radius = Math.atan2(dy,dx); double Angle = Radius * 180 / Math.PI; canon.setRotation((float)Angle); shootProjectile(touchX, touchY); } return false; } Anyone know how to calculate the coordinates (X,Y) of the end of the barrel to draw the bullet?

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• Resultant Vector Algorithm for 2D Collisions

  - by John

  I am making a Pong based game where a puck hits a paddle and bounces off. Both the puck and the paddles are Circles. I came up with an algorithm to calculate the resultant vector of the puck once it meets a paddle. The game seems to function correctly but I'm not entirely sure my algorithm is correct. Here are my variables for the algorithm: Given: velocity = the magnitude of the initial velocity of the puck before the collision x = the x coordinate of the puck y = the y coordinate of the puck moveX = the horizontal speed of the puck moveY = the vertical speed of the puck otherX = the x coordinate of the paddle otherY = the y coordinate of the paddle piece.horizontalMomentum = the horizontal speed of the paddle before it hits the puck piece.verticalMomentum = the vertical speed of the paddle before it hits the puck slope = the direction, in radians, of the puck's velocity distX = the horizontal distance between the center of the puck and the center of the paddle distY = the vertical distance between the center of the puck and the center of the paddle Algorithm solves for: impactAngle = the angle, in radians, of the angle of impact. newSpeedX = the speed of the resultant vector in the X direction newSpeedY = the speed of the resultant vector in the Y direction Here is the code for my algorithm: int otherX = piece.x; int otherY = piece.y; double velocity = Math.sqrt((moveX * moveX) + (moveY * moveY)); double slope = Math.atan(moveX / moveY); int distX = x - otherX; int distY = y - otherY; double impactAngle = Math.atan(distX / distY); double newAngle = impactAngle + slope; int newSpeedX = (int)(velocity * Math.sin(newAngle)) + piece.horizontalMomentum; int newSpeedY = (int)(velocity * Math.cos(newAngle)) + piece.verticalMomentum; for those who are not program savvy here is it simplified: velocity = v(moveX² + moveY²) slope = arctan(moveX / moveY) distX = x - otherX distY = y - otherY impactAngle = arctan(distX / distY) newAngle = impactAngle + slope newSpeedX = velocity * sin(newAngle) + piece.horizontalMomentum newSpeedY = velocity * cos(newAngle) + piece.verticalMomentum My Question: Is this algorithm correct? Is there an easier/simpler way to do what I'm trying to do?

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• Register Game Object Components in Game Subsystems? (Component-based Game Object design)

  - by topright

  I'm creating a component-based game object system. Some tips: GameObject is simply a list of Components. There are GameSubsystems. For example, rendering, physics etc. Each GameSubsystem contains pointers to some of Components. GameSubsystem is a very powerful and flexible abstraction: it represents any slice (or aspect) of the game world. There is a need in a mechanism of registering Components in GameSubsystems (when GameObject is created and composed). There are 4 approaches: 1: Chain of responsibility pattern. Every Component is offered to every GameSubsystem. GameSubsystem makes a decision which Components to register (and how to organize them). For example, GameSubsystemRender can register Renderable Components. pro. Components know nothing about how they are used. Low coupling. A. We can add new GameSubsystem. For example, let's add GameSubsystemTitles that registers all ComponentTitle and guarantees that every title is unique and provides interface to quering objects by title. Of course, ComponentTitle should not be rewrited or inherited in this case. B. We can reorganize existing GameSubsystems. For example, GameSubsystemAudio, GameSubsystemRender, GameSubsystemParticleEmmiter can be merged into GameSubsystemSpatial (to place all audio, emmiter, render Components in the same hierarchy and use parent-relative transforms). con. Every-to-every check. Very innefficient. con. Subsystems know about Components. 2: Each Subsystem searches for Components of specific types. pro. Better performance than in Approach 1. con. Subsystems still know about Components. 3: Component registers itself in GameSubsystem(s). We know at compile-time that there is a GameSubsystemRenderer, so let's ComponentImageRender will call something like GameSubsystemRenderer::register(ComponentRenderBase*). pro. Performance. No unnecessary checks as in Approach 1. con. Components are badly coupled with GameSubsystems. 4: Mediator pattern. GameState (that contains GameSubsystems) can implement registerComponent(Component*). pro. Components and GameSubystems know nothing about each other. con. In C++ it would look like ugly and slow typeid-switch. Questions: Which approach is better and mostly used in component-based design? What Practice says? Any suggestions about implementation of Approach 4? Thank you.

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• Distance between two 3D objects' faces

  - by Arthur Gibraltar

  I'm really newbie on programming and I'm making some tests. I couldn't find nowhere on Internet how could I calculate the distance between two 3D objects' faces. Is there anyway? Detailing, as an example, I have two 3D cubes. Each one has a vector3 position designating it's center on the 3D space and an orientation matrix. And each cube has a size (float width, float height and float length). I could get a simple distance between them by calling Vector3.Distance(), but it doesn't consider its sizes, just the position. Then the distance would be between its centers. Is there any way to calculate the distance between the faces? Thanks for any reply.

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• Spherical harmonics lighting - what does it accomplish?

  - by TravisG

  From my understanding, spherical harmonics are sometimes used to approximate certain aspects of lighting (depending on the application). For example, it seems like you can approximate the diffuse lighting cause by a directional light source on a surface point, or parts of it, by calculating the SH coefficients for all bands you're using (for whatever accuracy you desire) in the direction of the surface normal and scaling it with whatever you need to scale it with (e.g. light colored intensity, dot(n,l),etc.). What I don't understand yet is what this is supposed to accomplish. What are the actual advantages of doing it this way as opposed to evaluating the diffuse BRDF the normal way. Do you save calculations somewhere? Is there some additional information contained in the SH representation that you can't get out of the scalar results of the normal evaluation?

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• Need Guidance Making HTML5 Canvas Game Engine

  - by Scriptonaut

  So I have some free time this winter break and want to build a simple 2d HTML5 canvas game engine. Mostly a physics engine that will dictate the way objects move and interact(collisions, etc). I made a basic game here: http://caidenhome.com/HTML%205/pong.html and would like to make more, and thought that this would be a good reason to make a simple framework for this stuff. Here are some questions: Does the scripting language have to be Javascript? What about Ruby? I will probably write it with jQuery because of the selecting powers, but I'm curious either way. Are there any great guides you guys know of? I want a fast guide that will help me bust out this engine sometime in the next 2 weeks, hopefully sooner. What are some good conventions I should be aware of? What's the best way to get sound? At the moment I'm using something like this: var audioElement = document.createElement('audio'); audioElement.setAttribute('src', 'paddle_col.wav'); audioElement.load(); I'm interested in making this engine lightweight and extremely efficient, I will do whatever it takes to get great speeds and processing power. I know this question is fairly vague, but I just need a push in the right direction. Thanks :)

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• How do engines avoid "Phase Lock" (multiple objects in same location) in a Physics Engine?

  - by C0M37

  Let me explain Phase Lock first: When two objects of non zero mass occupy the same space but have zero energy (no velocity). Do they bump forever with zero velocity resolution vectors or do they just stay locked together until an outside force interacts? In my home brewed engine, I realized that if I loaded a character into a tree and moved them, they would signal a collision and hop back to their original spot. I suppose I could fix this by implementing impulses in the event of a collision instead of just jumping back to the last spot I was in (my implementation kind of sucks). But while I make my engine more robust, I'm just curious on how most other physics engines handle this case. Do objects that start in the same spot with no movement speed just shoot out from each other in a random direction? Or do they sit there until something happens? Which option is generally the best approach?

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• SFML - Moving a sprite on mouseclick

  - by Mike

  I want to be able to move a sprite from a current location to another based upon where the user clicks in the window. This is the code that I have: #include <SFML/Graphics.hpp> int main() { // Create the main window sf::RenderWindow App(sf::VideoMode(800, 600), "SFML window"); // Load a sprite to display sf::Texture Image; if (!Image.LoadFromFile("cb.bmp")) return EXIT_FAILURE; sf::Sprite Sprite(Image); // Define the spead of the sprite float spriteSpeed = 200.f; // Start the game loop while (App.IsOpened()) { if (sf::Keyboard::IsKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Escape)) App.Close(); if (sf::Mouse::IsButtonPressed(sf::Mouse::Right)) { Sprite.SetPosition(sf::Mouse::GetPosition(App).x, sf::Mouse::GetPosition(App).y); } // Clear screen App.Clear(); // Draw the sprite App.Draw(Sprite); // Update the window App.Display(); } return EXIT_SUCCESS; } But instead of just setting the position I want to use Sprite.Move() and gradually move the sprite from one position to another. The question is how? Later I plan on adding a node system into each map so I can use Dijkstra's algorithm, but I'll still need this for moving between nodes.

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• Game editor integration with the engine?

  - by Daniel

  What I am trying to figure out is what is the best way to integrate the editor(level, effects, model, etc...) in the most effective way? Now the first thing I thought would be to create the game engine(*) extremely modular. For example I took the example of game states. You could have multiple game states that all have their own update() and draw() methods among others. Each game state class would inherit from a base GameState class. This allows for a more modular approach and a useful one at that. Now would the most efficient approach be to implement the editor along with the modular engine, or create two different designs for both the game, and editor? I thought to take the game state example and extend it to window states, and well could be used for a lot more systems. Is there a better implementation of this design(game state) for use in other systems used in the engine? *: Now I know the term game engine is sorta irrelevant, and misused in many situations. What I am referring to as the "game engine" is the combination of the systems that the game must interact with for short. Also this is more of a theory / design question than an implementation. Even though both mix, i'd rather like to have a more general idea on how the editor is built in an efficient way and still using the same engine code as what the game uses. Thanks, Daniel P.S If you need more clarification or extra bits just leave a comment.

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• Transforming a primitive tetrahedron into a primitive icosahedron?

  - by Djentleman

  I've created a tetrahedron by creating a BoundingBox and building the faces of the tetrahedron within the bounding box as follows (see image as well): VertexPositionNormalTexture[] vertices = new VertexPositionNormalTexture[12]; BoundingBox box = new BoundingBox(new Vector3(-1f, 1f, 1f), new Vector3(1f, -1f, -1f)); vertices[0].Position = box.GetCorners()[0]; vertices[1].Position = box.GetCorners()[2]; vertices[2].Position = box.GetCorners()[7]; vertices[3].Position = box.GetCorners()[0]; vertices[4].Position = box.GetCorners()[5]; vertices[5].Position = box.GetCorners()[2]; vertices[6].Position = box.GetCorners()[5]; vertices[7].Position = box.GetCorners()[7]; vertices[8].Position = box.GetCorners()[2]; vertices[9].Position = box.GetCorners()[5]; vertices[10].Position = box.GetCorners()[0]; vertices[11].Position = box.GetCorners()[7]; What would I then have to do to transform this tetrahedron into an icosahedron? Similar to this image: I understand the concept but applying it is another thing entirely for me.

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• How to simulate pressure with particles?

  - by BeachRunnerJoe

  I'm trying to simulate pressure with a collection of spherical particles in a Unity game I'm building. A couple notes about the problem: The goal is to fill a constantly changing 2d space/void with small, frictionless spheres. The game is trying to simulate the ever-growing pressure of more objects being shoved into this space. The level itself is constantly scrolling from left to right, meaning if the space's dimensions are not changed by the user it will automatically get smaller (the leftmost part of the space will continually scroll off-screen). I'm wondering what some approaches are that I can take to tackling these problems... Knowing when to detect when there is space to fill and then add spheres to the space. Removing spheres from the space when it is shrinking. Strategies to simulate pressure on the spheres such that they "explode outwards" when more space is created. The current approach I am contemplating is using a constantly moving wall, that is off screen and moves with the screen, as this image illustrates: . This moving wall will push and trap the spheres into the space. As for adding new spheres, I was going to have either (1) spheres replicate themselves upon detecting free space, OR (2) spawn them at the left side of the space (where the wall is) - pushing the rest of the spheres to fill the space. I foresee problems with idea #1 because this likely wouldn't really create/simulate pressure; idea #2 seems more promising, but raises the question of how to provide a location for these new sphere particles to spawn (and the ramifications of spawning them when there IS no space). Thanks so much in advance for your wisdom!

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• Making a Background Scrolling in Stacking Game

  - by David Dimalanta

  Hmmm...Is it a good idea to use a LibGDX parallax background for making a stacking game (i.e. PAPA STACKer Lite)? For example, I'm starting to use the blocks to drag-n-drop it. Next, when the next piece reaches the top of the screen, it automatically scrolls to the next one where the available space left. Aside from that, is it also involved with the camera code (Orthographic Camera) that the screen size appeared like 720x1280 but actually it's 1440x2560 for example? And another thing, does the background scrolling have the option to scroll from start to finish and infinite?

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• Doubling the DPI with a shader?

  - by Mathias Lykkegaard Lorenzen

  I'm developing a game where the map is generated with Perlin Noise, but on the CPU. I am generating some perlin noise onto a texture with a small size, and then I stretch it out to the whole screen to simulate a map. The reason for the CPU generating the noise is that I want it to look the same on all devices. Now, here's the end-result. Please ignore the bullets and the explosion on the picture. What matters is the background (the black/gray pixels) and the ground (the brown-ish pixels). They are rendered to the same texture through perlin noise. However, this doesn't look very pretty. So I was wondering if it would be possible to double the amount of pixels using a shader, and rounding edges at the same time? In other words, improve the DPI. I'm using SharpDX with DirectX 11, through its toolkit feature. But any help that'll lead me in the right direction (for instance through HLSL) would be a great help. Thanks in advance.

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• Blender: How to "meshify" an object I made from Bezier curves

  - by capcom

  I made a star shape using Bezier curves, and extruded it (see pic below): What I want to do is give it a rounder look - not just around the edges by using beveling. I want it to kind of look like this (well, that shape anyway): How would I go about doing this? Please keep in mind that I am extremely new to Blender. I thought that I could somehow turn this star into those default shapes that have tonnes of squares which I could pull out, and apply a mirror to it so that the same thing happens on both sides. I really don't know how to do it, and would appreciate your help.

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• How do I make time?

  - by SystemNetworks

  I wanted to output a text for a certain amount of time. One way is to use threads. Are there any other ways? I can't use threads for slick2d. This is my code when I use threads for slick: package javagame; import org.newdawn.slick.GameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.Image; import java.util.Random; import org.newdawn.slick.Input; import org.newdawn.slick.*; import org.newdawn.slick.state.*; import org.lwjgl.input.Mouse; public class thread1 implements Runnable { String showUp; int timeLeft; public thread1(String s) { s = showUp; } public void run(Graphics g) { try { g.drawString("%s is sleeping %d", 500, 500); Thread.sleep(timeLeft); g.drawString("%s is awake", 600,600); } catch(Exception e) { } } @Override public void run() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub run(); } } It auto generates a new run() And also when I call it to my main class it has stack overflow!

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• When does depth testing happen?

  - by Utkarsh Sinha

  I'm working with 2D sprites - and I want to do 3D style depth testing with them. When writing a pixel shader for them, I get access to the semantic DEPTH0. Would writing to this value help? It seems it doesn't. Maybe it's done before the pixel shader step? Or is depth testing only done when drawing 3D things (I'm using SpriteBatch)? Any links/articles/topics to read/search for would be appreciated.

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• Should I always be checking every neighbor when building voxel meshes?

  - by Raven Dreamer

  I've been playing around with Unity3d, seeing if I can make a voxel-based engine out of it (a la Castle Story, or Minecraft). I've dynamically built a mesh from a volume of cubes, and now I'm looking into reducing the number of vertices built into each mesh, as right now, I'm "rendering" vertices and triangles for cubes that are fully hidden within the larger voxel volume. The simple solution is to check each of the 6 directions for each cube, and only add the face to the mesh if the neighboring voxel in that direction is "empty". Parsing a voxel volume is BigO(N^3), and checking the 6 neighbors keeps it BigO(7*N^3)-BigO(N^3). The one thing this results in is a lot of redundant calls, as the same voxel will be polled up to 7 times, just to build the mesh. My question, then, is: Is there a way to parse a cubic volume (and find which faces have neighbors) with fewer redundant calls? And perhaps more importantly, does it matter (as BigO complexity is the same in both cases)?

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• Entity Component System for HUD and GUI

  - by Jason L.

  This is a very rough sketch of how I currently have things designed. It should, at least, give an idea of how my ECS is currently designed. If you notice in that diagram, I have basically split the HUD out of the ECS. They have their own set of things (HudLayer, HudComponent, etc) and are handled differently. This is where I'm struggling, though. There are many different instances in which the HUD will need to know about entities. Not just data changing (I have an event dispatcher for that), but the actual entity and all it encompasses. There are also situations where entities will need to be able to query the HUD for data. Let's take a couple examples: First, my equipment screen. On here I can change the equipment on a character (Entity). In order for this to happen, I need to know about the entity. At least I think I do? How can I handle this? The second scenario involves my Systems needing to query a HudComponent for data. A specific example would be my battle system. Each "team" is given a 3x3 grid they can move around in. See here: Skills target these cells, and not the player, so I would need a way for my systems to determine which cells are occupied and which are not. Basically I need a way for two way communication between Systems and my HUD. I know it's recommended (by some people, anyways) to take your HUD out of the ECS. Is that appropriate in my case?

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• Difference between the terms Material & Effect

  - by codey

  I'm making an effect system right now (I think, because it may be a material system... or both!). The effects system follows the common (e.g. COLLADA, DirectX) effect framework abstraction of Effects have Techniques, Techniques have Passes, Passes have States & Shader Programs. An effect, according to COLLADA, defines the equations necessary for the visual appearance of geometry and screen-space image processing. Keeping with the abstraction, effects contain techniques. Each effect can contain one or many techniques (i.e. ways to generate the effect), each of which describes a different method for rendering that effect. The technique could be relate to quality (e.g. high precision, high LOD, etc.), or in-game-situation (e.g. night/day, power-up-mode, etc.). Techniques hold a description of the textures, samplers, shaders, parameters, & passes necessary for rendering this effect using one method. Some algorithms require several passes to render the effect. Pipeline descriptions are broken into an ordered collection of Pass objects. A pass provides a static declaration of all the render states, shaders, & settings for "one rendering pipeline" (i.e. one pass). Meshes usually contain a series of materials that define the model. According to the COLLADA spec (again), a material instantiates an effect, fills its parameters with values, & selects a technique. But I see material defined differently in other places, such as just the Lambert, Blinn, Phong "material types/shaded surfaces", or as Metal, Plastic, Wood, etc. In game dev forums, people often talk about implementing a "material/effect system". Is the material not an instance of an effect? Ergo, if I had effect objects, stored in a collection, & each effect instance object with there own parameter setting, then there is no need for the concept of a material... Or am I interpreting it wrong? Please help by contributing your interpretations as I want to be clear on a distinction (if any), & don't want to miss out on the concept of a material if it should be implemented to follow the abstraction of the DirectX FX framework & COLLADA definitions closely.

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• Newton Game Dynamics: Making an object not affect another object

  - by Boreal

  I'm going to be using Newton in my networked action game with Mogre. There will be two "types" of physics object: global and local. Global objects will be kept in sync for everybody; these include the players, projectiles, and other gameplay-related objects. Local objects are purely for effect, like ragdolls, debris, and particles. Is there a way to make the global objects affect the local objects without actually getting affected themselves? I'd like debris to bounce off of a tank, but I don't want the tank to respond in any way.

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