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  • SQL SERVER – Fix : Error : 8501 MSDTC on server is unavailable. Changed database context to publishe

    - by pinaldave
    During configuring replication on one of the server, I received following error. This is very common error and the solution of the same is even simpler. MSDTC on server is unavailable. Changed database context to publisherdatabase. (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 8501) Solution: Enable “Distributed Transaction Coordinator” in SQL Server. Method 1: Click on Start–>Control Panel->Administrative Tools->Services Select the service “Distributed Transaction Coordinator” Right on the service and choose “Start” Method 2: Type services.msc in the run command box Select “Services” manager; Hit Enter Select the service “Distributed Transaction Coordinator” Right on the service and choose “Start” Reference : Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Error Messages, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology Tagged: SQL Replication

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  • SQL Authority News – Play by Play with Pinal Dave – A Birthday Gift

    - by Pinal Dave
    Today is my birthday. Personal Note When I was young, I was always looking forward to my birthday as on this day, I used to get gifts from everybody. Now when I am getting old on each of my birthday, I have almost same feeling but the direction is different. Now on each of my birthday, I feel like giving gifts to everybody. I have received lots of support, love and respect from everybody; and now I must return it back.Well, on this birthday, I have very unique gifts for everybody – my latest course on SQL Server. How I Tune Performance I often get questions where I am asked how do I work on a normal day. I am often asked that how do I work when I have performance tuning project is assigned to me. Lots of people have expressed their desire that they want me to explain and demonstrate my own method of solving performance problem when I am facing real world problem. It is a pretty difficult task as in the real world, nothing goes as planned and usually planned demonstrations have no place there. The real world, demands real solutions and in a timely fashion. If a consultant goes to industry and does not demonstrate his/her capabilities in very first few minutes, it does not matter how much fame he/she is, the door is shown to them eventually. It is true and in my early career, I have faced it quite commonly. I have learned the trick to be honest from the start and request absolutely transparent communication from the organization where I am to consult. Play by Play Play by Play is a very unique setup. It is not planned and it is a step by step course. It is like a reality show – a very real encounter to the problem and real problem solving approach. I had a great time doing this course. Geoffrey Grosenbach (VP of Pluralsight) sits down with me to see what a SQL Server Admin does in the real world. This Play-by-Play focuses on SQL Server performance tuning and I go over optimizing queries and fine-tuning the server. The table of content of this course is very simple. Introduction In the introduction I explained my basic strategies when I am approached by a customer for performance tuning. Basic Information Gathering In this module I explain how I do gather various information for performance tuning project. It is very crucial to demonstrate to customers for consultant his capability of solving problem. I attempt to resolve a small problem which gives a big positive impact on performance, consultant have to gather proper information from the start. I demonstrate in this module, how one can collect all the important performance tuning metrics. Removing Performance Bottleneck In this module, I build upon the previous module’s statistics collected. I analysis various performance tuning measures and immediately start implementing various tweaks on the performance, which will start improving the performance of my server. This is a very effective method and it gives immediate return of efforts. Index Optimization Indexes are considered as a silver bullet for performance tuning. However, it is not true always there are plenty of examples where indexes even performs worst after implemented. The key is to understand a few of the basic properties of the index and implement the right things at the right time. In this module, I describe in detail how to do index optimizations and what are right and wrong with Index. If you are a DBA or developer, and if your application is running slow – this is must attend module for you. I have some really interesting stories to tell as well. Optimize Query with Rewrite Every problem has more than one solution, in this module we will see another very famous, but hard to master skills for performance tuning – Query Rewrite. There are few do’s and don’ts for any query rewrites. I take a very simple example and demonstrate how query rewrite can improve the performance of the query at many folds. I also share some real world funny stories in this module. This course is hosted at Pluralsight. You will need a valid login for Pluralsight to watch  Play by Play: Pinal Dave course. You can also sign up for FREE Trial of Pluralsight to watch this course. As today is my birthday – I will give 10 people (randomly) who will express their desire to learn this course, a free code. Please leave your comment and I will send you free code to watch this course for free. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Training, SQLAuthority News, T SQL, Video

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  • SQL SERVER – Weekly Series – Memory Lane – #053 – Final Post in Series

    - by Pinal Dave
    It has been a fantastic journey to write memory lane series for an entire year. This series gave me the opportunity to go back and see what I have contributed to this blog throughout the last 7 years. This was indeed fantastic series as this provided me the opportunity to witness how technology has grown throughout the year and how I have progressed in my career while writing this blog post. This series was indeed fantastic experience readers as many joined during the last few years and were not sure what they have missed in recent years. Let us continue with the final episode of the Memory Lane Series. Here is the list of selected articles of SQLAuthority.com across all these years. Instead of just listing all the articles I have selected a few of my most favorite articles and have listed them here with additional notes below it. Let me know which one of the following is your favorite article from memory lane. 2007 Get Current User – Get Logged In User Here is the straight script which list logged in SQL Server users. Disable All Triggers on a Database – Disable All Triggers on All Servers Question : How to disable all the triggers for a database? Additionally, how to disable all the triggers for all servers? For answer execute the script in the blog post. Importance of Master Database for SQL Server Startup I have received following questions many times. I will list all the questions here and answer them together. What is the purpose of Master database? Should our backup Master database? Which database is must have database for SQL Server for startup? Which are the default system database created when SQL Server 2005 is installed for the first time? What happens if Master database is corrupted? Answers to all of the questions are very much related. 2008 DECLARE Multiple Variables in One Statement SQL Server is a great product and it has many features which are very unique to SQL Server. Regarding feature of SQL Server where multiple variable can be declared in one statement, it is absolutely possible to do. 2009 How to Enable Index – How to Disable Index – Incorrect syntax near ‘ENABLE’ Many times I have seen that the index is disabled when there is a large update operation on the table. Bulk insert of very large file updates in any table using SSIS is usually preceded by disabling the index and followed by enabling the index. I have seen many developers running the following query to disable the index. 2010 List of all the Views from Database Many emails I received suggesting that they have hundreds of the view and now have no clue what is going on and how many of them have indexes and how many does not have an index. Some even asked me if there is any way they can get a list of the views with the property of Index along with it. Here is the quick script which does exactly the same. You can also include many other columns from the same view. Minimum Maximum Memory – Server Memory Options I was recently reading about SQL Server Memory Options over here. While reading this one line really caught my attention is minimum value allowed for maximum memory options. The default setting for min server memory is 0, and the default setting for max server memory is 2147483647. The minimum amount of memory you can specify for max server memory is 16 megabytes (MB). 2011 Fundamentals of Columnstore Index There are two kinds of storage in a database. Row Store and Column Store. Row store does exactly as the name suggests – stores rows of data on a page – and column store stores all the data in a column on the same page. These columns are much easier to search – instead of a query searching all the data in an entire row whether the data are relevant or not, column store queries need only to search a much lesser number of the columns. How to Ignore Columnstore Index Usage in Query In summary the question in simple words “How can we ignore using the column store index in selective queries?” Very interesting question – you can use I can understand there may be the cases when the column store index is not ideal and needs to be ignored the same. You can use the query hint IGNORE_NONCLUSTERED_COLUMNSTORE_INDEX to ignore the column store index. The SQL Server Engine will use any other index which is best after ignoring the column store index. 2012 Storing Variable Values in Temporary Array or Temporary List SQL Server does not support arrays or a dynamic length storage mechanism like list. Absolutely there are some clever workarounds and few extra-ordinary solutions but everybody can;t come up with such solution. Additionally, sometime the requirements are very simple that doing extraordinary coding is not required. Here is the simple case. Move Database Files MDF and LDF to Another Location It is not common to keep the Database on the same location where OS is installed. Usually Database files are in SAN, Separate Disk Array or on SSDs. This is done usually for performance reason and manageability perspective. Now the challenges comes up when database which was installed at not preferred default location and needs to move to a different location. Here is the quick tutorial how you can do it. UNION ALL and ORDER BY – How to Order Table Separately While Using UNION ALL If your requirement is such that you want your top and bottom query of the UNION resultset independently sorted but in the same result set you can add an additional static column and order by that column. Let us re-create the same scenario. Copy Data from One Table to Another Table – SQL in Sixty Seconds #031 – Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVWIA-ACMNo Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: Memory Lane, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • Mysql 'On Duplicate Key INSERT .... SELECT...'

    - by calumbrodie
    Hi, I'm looking for a way to do the following in mysql. INSERT INTO category (cat_id,sku,description,color) VALUES ('$cat_id','$sku','$description','$color') ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE description=$description" this works fine... but I want something further to happen if there is a duplicate key. I want to copy a row from the 'product' table to the 'categorized_products'... AND INSERT categorized_products (a,b,c) SELECT a,b,c FROM products WHERE products.cat = '$cat_id' is there a way to do the INSERT...SELECT as part of the first query or do I need to evaluate the above with mysql_affected_rows ( 1 is updated and == 1 is inserted) and then run my second query. Obviously the above will work but means another query and more LOC. Thanks!

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  • SQL Select syntax error

    - by Odette
    hi guys thanks for your help yesterday. I am now trying to incorporate the query from yesterday into an existing query so I can show the highest itemcode's reporting group in the existing query..but I have a syntax error somewhere at my Select statement. ERROR: Keyword SELECT not expected. I have tried putting brackets at every possible place but still no go..can you please help? (ps-this whole query has been giving me nightmares!) WITH CALC1 AS (SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT01 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ01 * OVRC01,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT01 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT02 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ02 * OVRC02,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT02 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT03 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ03 * OVRC03,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT03 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT04 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ04 * OVRC04,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT04 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT05 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ05 * OVRC05,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT05 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT06 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ06 * OVRC06,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT06 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT07 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ07 * OVRC07,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT07 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT08 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ08 * OVRC08,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT08 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT09 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ09 * OVRC09,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT09 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT10 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ10 * OVRC10,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT10 < '' ) (SELECT OTQUOT, DESC FROM ( SELECT OTQUOT, ITEMS, B.IXRPGP AS GROUP, C.OTRDSC AS DESC, COST, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY COST DESC) AS RN FROM CALC1 AS A INNER JOIN @[email protected] AS B ON (A.ITEMS = B.IKITMC) INNER JOIN DATAGRP.GDSGRP AS C ON (B.IXRPGP = C.OKRPGP) ) T WHERE T.RN = 1) SELECT A.OKPBRN, A.OCAREA, A.OTCCDE, A.OTCNAM, A.OTSMAN, A.OKPBRN||A.OAPNUM AS OTQUOT, A.OTONUM, A.OTCAD1, A.OTCAD2, A.OTCAD3, A.OTPCDE, A.OTDEL1, A.OTDEL2, A.OTDEL3, CHAR(DATE(CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,5,4) = '0000' THEN '0001' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,5,4) END ||'-'|| CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,4,2) = '00' THEN '01' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,3,2) END ||'-'|| CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,1,2) = '00' THEN '01' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,1,2) END), ISO) AS ODOQDT_CCYYMMDD, CHAR(DATE(CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,7,2) = '' THEN '0001' ELSE '20'||SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,7,2) END ||'-'|| CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,4,2) = '' THEN '01' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,4,2) END ||'-'|| CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,1,2) = '' THEN '01' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,1,2) END), ISO) AS ODDELD_CCYYMMDD, B.DESC, A.OVQTVL FROM @[email protected] AS A INNER JOIN CALC1 AS B ON (A.OKPBRN||A.OAPNUM = B.OTQUOT) WHERE A.OKPBRN = '@OKPBRN@' AND A.OTCCDE NOT LIKE '*DEP%' AND CHAR(DATE(CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,5,4) = '0000' THEN '0001' ELSE SUBSTR (A.ODOQDT,5,4) END ||'-'|| CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,4,2) = '00' THEN '01' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,3,2) END ||'-'|| CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,1,2) = '00' THEN '01' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,1,2) END), ISO) = CHAR(CURDATE() - 3 MONTH, ISO) AND A.OCQF01 = '0' AND A.OCQF02 = '0' AND A.OCQF04 = '0' AND A.OCQF05 = '0' AND A.OCQF06 = '0' AND A.OCQF07 = '0' AND A.OCQF08 = '0' AND A.OCQF09 = '0' AND A.OCQF10 = '1' AND A.OTCGRP LIKE 'S/%' ORDER BY A.OTSMAN ASC, A.OVQTVL DESC, CHAR(DATE(CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,7,2) = '' THEN '0001' ELSE '20'||SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,7,2) END ||'-'|| CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,4,2) = '' THEN '01' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,4,2) END ||'-'|| CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,1,2) = '' THEN '01' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,1,2) END),ISO) ASC

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  • AJAX Generated Select Won't Redirect

    - by James
    So, basically I have this select / drop down menu that I use AJAX to retrieve and create, though when an option is selected (so onChange) I want it to redirect! Though, this still isn't working, I don't get any errors thrown when trying, and tried to do alert() debug methods yet the alerts don't get called. jquery $("#schoolMenu").change(function() { option = $("#schoolMenu option:selected").text(); alert(option); if(option != "- Please Select -") { window.location = "http://www.itmustbecollege.com/pics/pics-from-"+$("#schoolMenu option:selected").val(); } }); This is what is used to call the AJAX // // Populate Schools // $("#state").change(function() { option = $("#state option:selected").text(); if($(this).attr("class") == "menu") { if(option != "- Please Select -") { $.ajax({ type: "GET", url: "/includes/functions.php", data: "f=school&p="+option+"&m=yes", success: function(msg) { $("#fSchool").html("<p style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">Select School:</p>"+ msg); $("#fSchool").show(); $("#school").focus(); } }); } else { $("#fSchool").html(""); $("#fSchool").hide(); } } else { if(option != "- Please Select -") { $.ajax({ type: "GET", url: "/includes/functions.php", data: "f=school&p="+option, success: function(msg) { $("#fSchool").html(msg); $("#fSchool").show(); $("#school").focus(); } }); } else { $("#fSchool").html(""); $("#fSchool").hide(); } } }); It loads perfectly, if you look at http://www.itmustbecollege.com/quotes/ on that bar where you can do "sort by" of Popular | Newest | Category | School if you hover over school a dropdown comes up, select any country and another one appears, though when that is changed nothing happens. here is the PHP for that second drop down // Get College List function getCollege($state, $m = "no", $l = "no") { // Displays Schools if($m == "yes") { $options = '<select id="schoolMenu" name="school"><option value="select" selected="selected">- Please Select -</option>'; } else if($l == "yes" || $l == "yes2") { $options = ''; } else { $options = '<select name="school"><option value="select" selected="selected">- Please Select -</option>'; } $listArray = split("\|\\\\", $list); for($i=0; $i < count($listArray); $i++) { if($m == "yes") { $options .= '<option value="'. trim(titleReplace($listArray[$i])) .'">'. trim($listArray[$i]) .'</option>'; } else if($l == "yes") { $options .= '<li><a href="/quotes/quotes-from-'. titleReplace($listArray[$i]) .'" title="'. trim($listArray[$i]) .' Quotes">'. trim($listArray[$i]) .'</a></li>'; } else if($l == "yes2") { $options .= '<li><a href="/pics/pics-from-'. titleReplace($listArray[$i]) .'" title="'. trim($listArray[$i]) .' Pictures">'. trim($listArray[$i]) .'</a></li>'; } else { $options .= '<option value="'. trim($listArray[$i]) .'">'. trim($listArray[$i]) .'</option>'; } } echo $options .='</select>'; return false; } any help would be great! EDIT: Also, the way I have those drop downs coming for the menus is a bit weird and when you hover over any other "sort by" link they disappear, this is a problem with the "sort by school" because the first select box shows the list up, and if you go and select a school then somehow float over another link it disappears, any help on how to delay that or fix that minor problem?

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  • LINQ-like or SQL-like DSL for end-users to run queries to select (not modify) data?

    - by Mark Rushakoff
    For a utility I'm working on, the client would like to be able to generate graphic reports on the data that has been collected. I can already generate a couple canned graphs (using ZedGraph, which is a very nice library); however, the utility would be much more flexible if the graphs were more programmable or configurable by the end-user. TLDR version I want users to be able to use something like SQL to safely extract and select data from a List of objects that I provide and can describe. What free tools or libraries will help me accomplish this? Full version I've given thought to using IronPython, IronRuby, and LuaInterface, but frankly they're all a bit overpowered for what I want to do. My classes are fairly simple, along the lines of: class Person: string Name; int HeightInCm; DateTime BirthDate; Weight[] WeighIns; class Weight: int WeightInKg; DateTime Date; Person Owner; (exact classes have been changed to protect the innocent). To come up with the data for the graph, the user will choose whether it's a bar graph, scatter plot, etc., and then to actually obtain the data, I would like to obtain some kind of List from the user simply entering something SQL-ish along the lines of SELECT Name, AVG(WeighIns) FROM People SELECT WeightInKg, Owner.HeightInCm FROM Weights And as a bonus, it would be nice if you could actually do operations as well: SELECT WeightInKg, (Date - Owner.BirthDate) AS Age FROM Weights The DSL doesn't have to be compliant SQL in any way; it doesn't even have to resemble SQL, but I can't think of a more efficient descriptive language for the task. I'm fine filling in blanks; I don't expect a library to do everything for me. What I would expect to exist (but haven't been able to find in any way, shape, or form) is something like Fluent NHibernate (which I am already using in the project) where I can declare a mapping, something like var personRequest = Request<Person>(); personRequest.Item("Name", (p => p.Name)); personRequest.Item("HeightInCm", (p => p.HeightInCm)); personRequest.Item("HeightInInches", (p => p.HeightInCm * CM_TO_INCHES)); // ... var weightRequest = Request<Weight>(); weightRequest.Item("Owner", (w => w.Owner), personRequest); // Indicate a chain to personRequest // ... var people = Table<Person>("People", GetPeopleFromDatabase()); var weights = Table<Weight>("Weights", GetWeightsFromDatabase()); // ... TryRunQuery(userInputQuery); LINQ is so close to what I want to do, but AFAIK there's no way to sandbox it. I don't want to expose any unnecessary functionality to the end user; meaning I don't want the user to be able to send in and process: from p in people select (p => { System.IO.File.Delete("C:\\something\\important"); return p.Name }) So does anyone know of any free .NET libraries that allow something like what I've described above? Or is there some way to sandbox LINQ? cs-script is close too, but it doesn't seem to offer sandboxing yet either. I'd be hesitant to expose the NHibernate interface either, as the user should have a read-only view of the data at this point in the usage. I'm using C# 3.5, and pure .NET solutions would be preferred. The bottom line is that I'm really trying to avoid writing my own parser for a subset of SQL that would only apply to this single project.

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  • Tool or library for end-users to run queries to select (not modify) data?

    - by Mark Rushakoff
    For a utility I'm working on, the client would like to be able to generate graphic reports on the data that has been collected. I can already generate a couple canned graphs (using ZedGraph, which is a very nice library); however, the utility would be much more flexible if the graphs were more programmable or configurable by the end-user. TLDR version I want users to be able to use something like SQL to safely extract and select data from a List of objects that I provide and can describe. What free tools or libraries will help me accomplish this? Full version I've given thought to using IronPython, IronRuby, and LuaInterface, but frankly they're all a bit overpowered for what I want to do. My classes are fairly simple, along the lines of: class Person: string Name; int HeightInCm; DateTime BirthDate; Weight[] WeighIns; class Weight: int WeightInKg; DateTime Date; Person Owner; (exact classes have been changed to protect the innocent). To come up with the data for the graph, the user will choose whether it's a bar graph, scatter plot, etc., and then to actually obtain the data, I would like to obtain some kind of List from the user simply entering something SQL-ish along the lines of SELECT Name, AVG(WeighIns) FROM People SELECT WeightInKg, Owner.HeightInCm FROM Weights And as a bonus, it would be nice if you could actually do operations as well: SELECT WeightInKg, (Date - Owner.BirthDate) AS Age FROM Weights The DSL doesn't have to be compliant SQL in any way; it doesn't even have to resemble SQL, but I can't think of a more efficient descriptive language for the task. I'm fine filling in blanks; I don't expect a library to do everything for me. What I would expect to exist (but haven't been able to find in any way, shape, or form) is something like Fluent NHibernate (which I am already using in the project) where I can declare a mapping, something like var personRequest = Request<Person>(); personRequest.Item("Name", (p => p.Name)); personRequest.Item("HeightInCm", (p => p.HeightInCm)); personRequest.Item("HeightInInches", (p => p.HeightInCm * CM_TO_INCHES)); // ... var weightRequest = Request<Weight>(); weightRequest.Item("Owner", (w => w.Owner), personRequest); // Indicate a chain to personRequest // ... var people = Table<Person>("People", GetPeopleFromDatabase()); var weights = Table<Weight>("Weights", GetWeightsFromDatabase()); // ... TryRunQuery(userInputQuery); LINQ is so close to what I want to do, but AFAIK there's no way to sandbox it. I don't want to expose any unnecessary functionality to the end user; meaning I don't want the user to be able to send in and process: from p in people select (p => { System.IO.File.Delete("C:\\something\\important"); return p.Name }) So does anyone know of any free .NET libraries that allow something like what I've described above? Or is there some way to sandbox LINQ? cs-script is close too, but it doesn't seem to offer sandboxing yet either. I'd be hesitant to expose the NHibernate interface either, as the user should have a read-only view of the data at this point in the usage. I'm using C# 3.5, and pure .NET solutions would be preferred. The bottom line is that I'm really trying to avoid writing my own parser for a subset of SQL that would only apply to this single project.

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  • SQL SERVER – CXPACKET – Parallelism – Advanced Solution – Wait Type – Day 7 of 28

    - by pinaldave
    Earlier we discussed about the what is the common solution to solve the issue with CXPACKET wait time. Today I am going to talk about few of the other suggestions which can help to reduce the CXPACKET wait. If you are going to suggest that I should focus on MAXDOP and COST THRESHOLD – I totally agree. I have covered them in details in yesterday’s blog post. Today we are going to discuss few other way CXPACKET can be reduced. Potential Reasons: If data is heavily skewed, there are chances that query optimizer may estimate the correct amount of the data leading to assign fewer thread to query. This can easily lead to uneven workload on threads and may create CXPAKCET wait. While retrieving the data one of the thread face IO, Memory or CPU bottleneck and have to wait to get those resources to execute its tasks, may create CXPACKET wait as well. Data which is retrieved is on different speed IO Subsystem. (This is not common and hardly possible but there are chances). Higher fragmentations in some area of the table can lead less data per page. This may lead to CXPACKET wait. As I said the reasons here mentioned are not the major cause of the CXPACKET wait but any kind of scenario can create the probable wait time. Best Practices to Reduce CXPACKET wait: Refer earlier article regarding MAXDOP and Cost Threshold. De-fragmentation of Index can help as more data can be obtained per page. (Assuming close to 100 fill-factor) If data is on multiple files which are on multiple similar speed physical drive, the CXPACKET wait may reduce. Keep the statistics updated, as this will give better estimate to query optimizer when assigning threads and dividing the data among available threads. Updating statistics can significantly improve the strength of the query optimizer to render proper execution plan. This may overall affect the parallelism process in positive way. Bad Practice: In one of the recent consultancy project, when I was called in I noticed that one of the ‘experienced’ DBA noticed higher CXPACKET wait and to reduce them, he has increased the worker threads. The reality was increasing worker thread has lead to many other issues. With more number of the threads, more amount of memory was used leading memory pressure. As there were more threads CPU scheduler faced higher ‘Context Switching’ leading further degrading performance. When I explained all these to ‘experienced’ DBA he suggested that now we should reduce the number of threads. Not really! Lower number of the threads may create heavy stalling for parallel queries. I suggest NOT to touch the setting of number of the threads when dealing with CXPACKET wait. Read all the post in the Wait Types and Queue series. Note: The information presented here is from my experience and I no way claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading book on-line for further clarification. All the discussion of Wait Stats over here is generic and it varies by system to system. You are recommended to test this on development server before implementing to production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: DMV, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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  • Big Data – Data Mining with Hive – What is Hive? – What is HiveQL (HQL)? – Day 15 of 21

    - by Pinal Dave
    In yesterday’s blog post we learned the importance of the operational database in Big Data Story. In this article we will understand what is Hive and HQL in Big Data Story. Yahoo started working on PIG (we will understand that in the next blog post) for their application deployment on Hadoop. The goal of Yahoo to manage their unstructured data. Similarly Facebook started deploying their warehouse solutions on Hadoop which has resulted in HIVE. The reason for going with HIVE is because the traditional warehousing solutions are getting very expensive. What is HIVE? Hive is a datawarehouseing infrastructure for Hadoop. The primary responsibility is to provide data summarization, query and analysis. It  supports analysis of large datasets stored in Hadoop’s HDFS as well as on the Amazon S3 filesystem. The best part of HIVE is that it supports SQL-Like access to structured data which is known as HiveQL (or HQL) as well as big data analysis with the help of MapReduce. Hive is not built to get a quick response to queries but it it is built for data mining applications. Data mining applications can take from several minutes to several hours to analysis the data and HIVE is primarily used there. HIVE Organization The data are organized in three different formats in HIVE. Tables: They are very similar to RDBMS tables and contains rows and tables. Hive is just layered over the Hadoop File System (HDFS), hence tables are directly mapped to directories of the filesystems. It also supports tables stored in other native file systems. Partitions: Hive tables can have more than one partition. They are mapped to subdirectories and file systems as well. Buckets: In Hive data may be divided into buckets. Buckets are stored as files in partition in the underlying file system. Hive also has metastore which stores all the metadata. It is a relational database containing various information related to Hive Schema (column types, owners, key-value data, statistics etc.). We can use MySQL database over here. What is HiveSQL (HQL)? Hive query language provides the basic SQL like operations. Here are few of the tasks which HQL can do easily. Create and manage tables and partitions Support various Relational, Arithmetic and Logical Operators Evaluate functions Download the contents of a table to a local directory or result of queries to HDFS directory Here is the example of the HQL Query: SELECT upper(name), salesprice FROM sales; SELECT category, count(1) FROM products GROUP BY category; When you look at the above query, you can see they are very similar to SQL like queries. Tomorrow In tomorrow’s blog post we will discuss about very important components of the Big Data Ecosystem – Pig. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Big Data, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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  • Whether to use UNION or OR in SQL Server Queries

    - by Dinesh Asanka
    Recently I came across with an article on DB2 about using Union instead of OR. So I thought of carrying out a research on SQL Server on what scenarios UNION is optimal in and which scenarios OR would be best. I will analyze this with a few scenarios using samples taken  from the AdventureWorks database Sales.SalesOrderDetail table. Scenario 1: Selecting all columns So we are going to select all columns and you have a non-clustered index on the ProductID column. --Query 1 : OR SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 714 OR ProductID =709 OR ProductID =998 OR ProductID =875 OR ProductID =976 OR ProductID =874 --Query 2 : UNION SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 714 UNION SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 709 UNION SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 998 UNION SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 875 UNION SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 976 UNION SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 874 So query 1 is using OR and the later is using UNION. Let us analyze the execution plans for these queries. Query 1 Query 2 As expected Query 1 will use Clustered Index Scan but Query 2, uses all sorts of things. In this case, since it is using multiple CPUs you might have CX_PACKET waits as well. Let’s look at the profiler results for these two queries: CPU Reads Duration Row Counts OR 78 1252 389 3854 UNION 250 7495 660 3854 You can see from the above table the UNION query is not performing well as the  OR query though both are retuning same no of rows (3854).These results indicate that, for the above scenario UNION should be used. Scenario 2: Non-Clustered and Clustered Index Columns only --Query 1 : OR SELECT ProductID,SalesOrderID, SalesOrderDetailID FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 714 OR ProductID =709 OR ProductID =998 OR ProductID =875 OR ProductID =976 OR ProductID =874 GO --Query 2 : UNION SELECT ProductID,SalesOrderID, SalesOrderDetailID FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 714 UNION SELECT ProductID,SalesOrderID, SalesOrderDetailID FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 709 UNION SELECT ProductID,SalesOrderID, SalesOrderDetailID FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 998 UNION SELECT ProductID,SalesOrderID, SalesOrderDetailID FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 875 UNION SELECT ProductID,SalesOrderID, SalesOrderDetailID FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 976 UNION SELECT ProductID,SalesOrderID, SalesOrderDetailID FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 874 GO So this time, we will be selecting only index columns, which means these queries will avoid a data page lookup. As in the previous case we will analyze the execution plans: Query 1 Query 2 Again, Query 2 is more complex than Query 1. Let us look at the profile analysis: CPU Reads Duration Row Counts OR 0 24 208 3854 UNION 0 38 193 3854 In this analyzis, there is only slight difference between OR and UNION. Scenario 3: Selecting all columns for different fields Up to now, we were using only one column (ProductID) in the where clause.  What if we have two columns for where clauses and let us assume both are covered by non-clustered indexes? --Query 1 : OR SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 714 OR CarrierTrackingNumber LIKE 'D0B8%' --Query 2 : UNION SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 714 UNION SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE CarrierTrackingNumber  LIKE 'D0B8%' Query 1 Query 2: As we can see, the query plan for the second query has improved. Let us see the profiler results. CPU Reads Duration Row Counts OR 47 1278 443 1228 UNION 31 1334 400 1228 So in this case too, there is little difference between OR and UNION. Scenario 4: Selecting Clustered index columns for different fields Now let us go only with clustered indexes: --Query 1 : OR SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 714 OR CarrierTrackingNumber LIKE 'D0B8%' --Query 2 : UNION SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE ProductID = 714 UNION SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE CarrierTrackingNumber  LIKE 'D0B8%' Query 1 Query 2 Now both execution plans are almost identical except is an additional Stream Aggregate is used in the first query. This means UNION has advantage over OR in this scenario. Let us see profiler results for these queries again. CPU Reads Duration Row Counts OR 0 319 366 1228 UNION 0 50 193 1228 Now see the differences, in this scenario UNION has somewhat of an advantage over OR. Conclusion Using UNION or OR depends on the scenario you are faced with. So you need to do your analyzing before selecting the appropriate method. Also, above the four scenarios are not all an exhaustive list of scenarios, I selected those for the broad description purposes only.

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  • SQL SERVER – Puzzle to Win Print Book – Functions FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE with OVER clause and ORDER BY

    - by pinaldave
    Some time an interesting feature and smart audience makes total difference at places. From last two days, I have been writing on SQL Server 2012 feature FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE. Please read following post before I continue today as this question is based on the same. Introduction to FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE Introduction to FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE with OVER clause As a comment of the second post I received excellent question from Nilesh Molankar. He asks what will happen if we change few things in the T-SQL. I really like this question as this kind of questions will make us sharp and help us perform in critical situation in need. We recently publish SQL Server Interview Questions book. I promise that in future version of this book, we will for sure include this question. Instead of repeating his question, I am going to ask something very similar to his question. Let us first run following query (read yesterday’s blog post for more detail): USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty, FIRST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY SalesOrderDetailID ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) FstValue, LAST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY SalesOrderDetailID ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) LstValue FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663) ORDER BY s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty GO Here is the resultset of the above query. Now let us change the ORDER BY clause of OVER clause in above query and see what is the new result. USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty, FIRST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY OrderQty ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) FstValue, LAST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY OrderQty ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) LstValue FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663) ORDER BY s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty GO Now let us see the result and ready for interesting question: Puzzle You can see that row number 2, 3, 4, and 5 has same SalesOrderID = 43667. The FIRST_VALUE is 78 and LAST_VALUE is 77. Now if these function was working on maximum and minimum value they should have given answer as 77 and 80 respectively instead of 78 and 77. Also the value of FIRST_VALUE is greater than LAST_VALUE 77. Why? Explain in detail. Hint Let me give you a simple hint. Just for simplicity I have changed the order of columns selected in the SELECT and ORDER BY (at the end). This will not change resultset but just order of the columns as well order of the rows. However, the data remains the same. USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT s.OrderQty,s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID, FIRST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY OrderQty ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) FstValue, LAST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY OrderQty ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) LstValue FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663) ORDER BY s.OrderQty,s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID GO Above query returns following result: Now I am very sure all of you have figured out the solution. Here is the second hint – pay attention to row 2, 3, 4, and 10. Hint2 T-SQL Enhancements: FIRST_VALUE() and LAST_VALUE() MSDN: FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE Rules Leave a comment with your detailed answer by Nov 15′s blog post. Open world-wide (where Amazon ships books) If you blog about puzzle’s solution and if you win, you win additional surprise gift as well. Prizes Print copy of my new book SQL Server Interview Questions Amazon|Flipkart If you already have this book, you can opt for any of my other books SQL Wait Stats [Amazon|Flipkart|Kindle] and SQL Programming [Amazon|Flipkart|Kindle]. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Function, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • SQL SERVER – Identifying Column Data Type of uniqueidentifier without Querying System Tables

    - by pinaldave
    I love interesting conversations with related to SQL Server. One of my friends Madhivanan always comes up with an interesting point of conversation. Here is one of the conversation between us. I am very confident this blog post will for sure enable you with some new knowledge. Madhi: How do I know if any table has a uniqueidentifier column used in it? Pinal:  I am sure you know that you can do it through some DMV or catalogue views. Madhi: I know that but how can we do that without using DMV or catalogue views? Pinal: Hm… what can I use? Madhi: You can use table name. Pinal: Easy, just say SELECT YourUniqueIdentCol FROM Table. Madhi: Hold on, the question seems to be not clear to you – you do know the name of the column. The matter of the fact, you do not know if the table has uniqueidentifier column. Only information you have is table name. Pinal: Madhi, this seems like you are changing the question when I am close to answer. Madhi: Well, are you clear now? Let me say it again – How do I know if any table has a uniqueidentifier column and what is its value without using any DMV or System Catalogues? Only information you know is table name and you are allowed to return any kind of error if table does not have uniqueidentifier column. Pinal: Do you know the answer? Madhi: Yes. I just wanted to test your knowledge about SQL. Pinal: I will have to think. Let me accept I do not know it right away. Can you share the answer please? Madhi: I won! Here it goes! Pinal: When I have friends like you – who needs enemies? Madhi: (laughter which did not stop for a minute). CREATE TABLE t ( GuidCol UNIQUEIDENTIFIER DEFAULT newsequentialid() ROWGUIDCOL, data VARCHAR(60) ) INSERT INTO t (data) SELECT 'test' INSERT INTO t (data) SELECT 'test1' SELECT $rowguid FROM t DROP TABLE t This is indeed very interesting to me. Please note that this is not the optimal way and there will be many other ways to retrieve uniqueidentifier name and value. What I learned from this was if I am in a rush to check if the table has uniqueidentifier and I do not know the name of the same, I can use SELECT TOP (1) $rowguid and quickly know the name of the column. I can later use the same columnname in my query. Madhi did teach me this new trick. Did you know this? What are other ways to get the check uniqueidentifier column existence in a database? Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Puzzle, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Server Management Studio, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • Sharepoint dynamic caml query problem?

    - by AB
    Hi, I want to dynamic caml query based on query string.Let me explain it with example my query sting can be anything ?cat=ABC&cat=ABD&cat=ABE... ?Cat=ABC ?Cat=ABC&cat=ABL so no. can be anything now the problem begins I want to query my sharepoint list based on this query string if (HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["cat"] != null) { string _cat = HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["cat"].ToString(); } so this way my string contains all the query string _cat=ABC,AD,....all. I want to query my sharepoint list based on these query string and with "AND" where title=ABC and title=AD .... if there is only one query string then only where title=ABC....so I want my query string should be dynamic.... Any idea how to acheive this??

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  • How can I select values from different rows depending on the most recent entry date, all for the sam

    - by user321185
    Basically I have a table which is used to hold employee work wear details. It is formed of the columns: EmployeeID, CostCentre, AssociateLevel, IssueDate, TrouserSize, TrouserLength, TopSize & ShoeSize. An employee can be assigned a pair of trousers, a top and shoes at the same time or only one or two pieces of clothing. As we all know peoples sizes and employee levels can change which is why I need help really. Different types of employees (associatelevels) require different colours of clothing but you can ignore this part. Everytime an employee receives an item of clothing a new row will be inserted into the table with an input date. I need to be able to select the most recent clothes size for each item of clothing for each employee. It is not necessary for all the columns to hold values because an employee could receive trousers or poloshirts at different times in the year. So for example if employee '54664LSS' was given a pair of 'XL' trousers and a 'L' top on 24/03/11 but then received a 'M' top on 26/05/10. The input of these items would be help on two different rows obviously. So if I wanted to select the most recent clothing for each clothes category. Then the values of the 'M' sized top and the 'L' sized trousers would need to be returned. Any help would be greatly appreciated as I'm pretty stuck :(. Thanks.

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  • Using a variable derived from a drop-down list as the column name in a select statement ... Access DB

    - by user1459698
    I'm working with the world's worst DB that was already here so don't blame me for that. So, here's what I have so far ... module = txtModule.value presstype = txtPressType.value SQL_query = "SELECT * FROM tbl_spareparts WHERE '"& module &"' <> '""' AND '"& module &"' = '"& presstype &"' AND Manufacturer = '"& txtsrch.value &"' ORDER BY SAP_Part_No" Set rsData = conn.Execute(SQL_query) This brings up the following SQL statement: SELECT * FROM tbl_spareparts WHERE 'Banyan_Module' <> '"' AND 'Banyan_Module' = 'PB' AND Manufacturer = 'Tester' ORDER BY SAP_Part_No Is there any way I can use the module variable as a column name - obviously the ''s around the column name are causing an error. This is really bothering me. BTW, I'm writing this in VBScript inside a .HTA application page as it has to run locally on tech PCs. Thanks. R.

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  • Eclipse won't let me select a Windows share as Workspace

    - by Android Eve
    Environment: Ubuntu 10.04 (64-bit), Eclipse Helios 3.6 (64-bit), Android 2.3 SDK + ADT. All works great, but I can only select a workspace that's on the local system. Eclipse won't let me select shared folder on a Samba server. Ubuntu's URI for this share is of the form: smb://[email protected]/sandbox/workspace But even if I typed this manually into the edit box, Eclipse won't accept it. I don't have this problem with Eclipse 3.6 on Windows. Is there a workaround to solve this?

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  • Automatically select headphones when plugged in

    - by Joachim Pileborg
    When I plug headphones into my desktop computer, they are not automatically selected for output, instead all sound still goes through my S/PDIF output to the stereo. The headphones alternative is added in the sound settings, and I have to manually select it as output device. $ cat /proc/asound/pcm 00-00: ALC898 Analog : ALC898 Analog : playback 1 : capture 1 00-01: ALC898 Digital : ALC898 Digital : playback 1 00-02: ALC898 Analog : ALC898 Analog : capture 2 I have done a Google search, as well as search askubuntu.com, but none of the answers in the hits I found seems to help. Also, after listening with the headphones and then unplug them, the previous output is not automatically selected, so I have no sound at all then. I have to manually select the correct output in the settings.

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  • Boot-up hangs unless I manually select the kernel in the bootloader

    - by The Photon
    In my stock Ubuntu install (forgot which critter its named for, about one year old), I am able to boot up normally only if I manually select the kernel in the bootloader (Grub). If I step away and it boots from the default, the system will hang with the word "Ubuntu" on a graphics screen and a few white/red blinking dots beneath it. umb@digdug:~$ uname -a Linux digdug 2.6.32-42-generic #95-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jul 25 15:57:54 UTC 2012 i686 GNU/Linux Synaptics says I have 'grub-pc' version 1.98-1ubuntu-13 installed. My grub.cfg does have default="0" which I would expect to make the default be the first kernel shown in the selection screen. The system is a laptop with an i7 processor, and I have had trouble with some kernels not being able to boot at all in the past, and power management is not working perfectly, but I have not had problems booting the latest kernel (2.6.32-42) if I select it manually in Grub. Any idea what is going on here and how can I fix it so that I can re-boot unattended?

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  • how to change dolphin's select region of a file/folder (in detail view mode)

    - by Daniel
    Since nautilus has removed the dual pane. So I turn to dolphin. I am wondering how to change the default select behavior in detail view mode? Now to select a file/folder, my cursor has to hover over that file/folder and then the left click will take effect, but I much prefer the nautilus way, that is as long as your cursor is in the same row of that file/folder, left click picks up that item. This I think is more robust for user selection, it is faster. Any ideas how to achieve this in dolphin?

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  • Can I select a set of Data and directly insert that into a table in SQL?

    - by VJ
    Hi I guess we cannot do this but was just curious if I could do something like - Select * from Employee where EmployeeId=1 and then use the data in the above statement and directly insert into a table with just changing the employeeid...or just this way- insert into Employee ( Select * from Employee where EmployeeId=1) its probably stupid from my side...but I just felt the need to do this a lot of times...so just was curious if there was any way to achieve it..

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  • Can I select a set of rows from a table and directly insert that into a table or the same table in S

    - by VJ
    Hi I guess we cannot do this but was just curious if I could do something like - Select * from Employee where EmployeeId=1 and then use the data in the above statement and directly insert into a table with just changing the employeeid...or just this way- insert into Employee ( Select * from Employee where EmployeeId=1) its probably stupid from my side...but I just felt the need to do this a lot of times...so just was curious if there was any way to achieve it..

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  • could not resolve property (complex properties)

    - by felipeoriani
    I have a asp.net mvc application with NHibernate and I do not know how to resolve a problem to query some data. I have this query: // create query var query = session.QueryOVer<Laudo>().Fetch(x => x.Equipament).Eager; // add some filters if (idEquipament.HasValue) query = query.And(x => x.Equipament.Id == idEquipament.Value); //I got the error here... if (idCompany.HasValue) query = query.And(x => x.Equipament.Company.Id == idCompany.Value); When I try to execute this query, I've got an exception with this message: "could not resolve property: Equipament.Company.Id of: DomainModel.Laudo" what can I do to fix this problem? Thanks

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