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  • Adding a short delay between bullets

    - by Sun
    I'm having some trouble simulating bullets in my 2D shooter. I want similar mechanics to Megaman, where the user can hold down the shoot button and a continues stream of bullets are fired but with a slight delay. Currently, when the user fires a bullet in my game a get an almost laser like effect. Below is a screen shot of some bullets being fired while running and jumping. In my update method I have the following: if(gc.getInput().isKeyDown(Input.KEY_SPACE) ){ bullets.add(new Bullet(player.getPos().getX() + 30,player.getPos().getY() + 17)); } Then I simply iterate through the array list increasing its x value on each update. Moreover, pressing the shoot button (Space bar) creates multiple bullets instead of just creating one even though I am adding only one new bullet to my array list. What would be the best way to solve this problem?

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  • Character equipment combinations

    - by JimFing
    I'm developing a 2d isometric game (typical Tolkien RPG) and wondering how to handle character/equipment combinations. So for example, the player wears leather boots with chain-mail and a wooden shield and a sword - but then picks up plate-armour instead of chain-mail. I'm using Blender3D to create objects, environments and characters in 3D, then a script runs to render all 3D meshes into 2D orthographic tile maps. So I can use this script to create all the combinations of character equipment for me, but there would be an explosion in terms of the combinations required.

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  • How to divide hex grid evenly among n players?

    - by manabreak
    I'm making a simple hex-based game, and I want the map to be divided evenly among the players. The map is created randomly, and I want the players to have about equal amount of cells, with relatively small areas. For example, if there's four players and 80 cells in the map, each of the players would have about 20 cells (it doesn't have to be spot-on accurate). Also, each player should have no more than four adjacent cells. That is to say, when the map is generated, the biggest "chunks" cannot be more than four cells each. I know this is not always possible for two or three players (as this resembles the "coloring the map" problem), and I'm OK with doing other solutions for those (like creating maps that solve the problem instead). But, for four to eight players, how could I approach this problem? As always, any and all help is appreciated. :)

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  • Handling game logic events by behavior components

    - by chehob
    My question continues on topic discussed here I have tried implementing attribute/behavior design and here is a quick example demonstrating the issue. class HealthAttribute : public ActorAttribute { public: HealthAttribute( float val ) : mValue( val ) { } float Get( void ) const { return mValue; } void Set( float val ) { mValue = val; } private: float mValue; }; class HealthBehavior : public ActorBehavior { public: HealthBehavior( shared_ptr< HealthAttribute > health ) : pHealth( health ) { // Set OnDamage() to listen for game logic event "DamageEvent" } void OnDamage( IEventDataPtr pEventData ) { // Check DamageEvent target entity // ( compare my entity ID with event's target entity ID ) // If not my entity, do nothing // Else, modify health attribute with received DamageEvent data } protected: shared_ptr< HealthAttribute > pHealth; }; My question - is it possible to get rid of this annoying check for game logic events? In the current implementation when some entity must receive damage, game logic just fires off event that contains damage value and the entity id which should receive that damage. And all HealthBehaviors are subscribed to the DamageEvent type, which leads to any entity possesing HealthBehavior call OnDamage() even if he is not the addressee.

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  • Is there an AIR native extension to use GameCenter APIs for turn-based games?

    - by Phil
    I'm planning a turn based game using the iOS 5 GameCenter (GameKit) turn-based functions. Ideally I would program the game with AIR (I'm a Flash dev), but so far I can't seem to find any already available native extension that offers that (only basic GameCenter functions), so my questions are: Does anyone know if that already exists? And secondly how complex a task would it be to create an extension that does that? Are there any pitfalls I should be aware of etc.? ** UPDATE ** There does not seem a solution to the above from Adobe. For anyone who is interested check out the Adobe Gaming SDK. It contains a Game Center ANE which I've read contains options for multiplayer but not turn-based multiplayer, at least it's a start. Comes a bit late for me as I've already learned Obj-c!

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  • Sorting for 2D Drawing

    - by Nexian
    okie, looked through quite a few similar questions but still feel the need to ask mine specifically (I know, crazy). Anyhoo: I am drawing a game in 2D (isometric) My objects have their own arrays. (i.e. Tiles[], Objects[], Particles[], etc) I want to have a draw[] array to hold anything that will be drawn. Because it is 2D, I assume I must prioritise depth over any other sorting or things will look weird. My game is turn based so Tiles and Objects won't be changing position every frame. However, Particles probably will. So I am thinking I can populate the draw[] array (probably a vector?) with what is on-screen and have it add/remove object, tile & particle references when I pan the screen or when a tile or object is specifically moved. No idea how often I'm going to have to update for particles right now. I want to do this because my game may have many thousands of objects and I want to iterate through as few as possible when drawing. I plan to give each element a depth value to sort by. So, my questions: Does the above method sound like a good way to deal with the actual drawing? What is the most efficient way to sort a vector? Most of the time it wont require efficiency. But for panning the screen it will. And I imagine if I have many particles on screen moving across multiple tiles, it may happen quite often. For reference, my screen will be drawing about 2,800 objects at any one time. When panning, it will be adding/removing about ~200 elements every second, and each new element will need adding in the correct location based on depth.

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  • Constrained A* problem

    - by Ragekit
    I've got a little problem with an A* algorithm that I need to Constrained a little bit. Basically : I use an A* to find the shortest path between 2 randomly placed room in 3D space, and then build a corridor between them. The problem I found is that sometimes it makes chimney like corridors that are not ideal, so I constrict the A* so that if the last movement was up or down, you go sideways. Everything is fine, but in some corner cases, it fails to find a path (when there is obviously one). Like here between the blue and red dot : (i'm in unity btw, but i don't think it matters) Here is the code of the actual A* (a bit long, and some redundency) while(current != goal) { //add stair up / stair down foreach(Node<GridUnit> test in current.Neighbors) { if(!test.Data.empty && test != goal) continue; //bug at arrival; if(test == goal && penul !=null) { Vector3 currentDiff = current.Data.bounds.center - test.Data.bounds.center; if(!Mathf.Approximately(currentDiff.y,0)) { //wanna drop on the last if(!coplanar(test.Data.bounds.center,current.Data.bounds.center,current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center,to.Data.bounds.center)) { continue; } else { if(Mathf.Approximately(to.Data.bounds.center.x, current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center.x) && Mathf.Approximately(to.Data.bounds.center.z, current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center.z)) { continue; } } } } if(current.Data.parentUnit != null) { Vector3 previousDiff = current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center - current.Data.bounds.center; Vector3 currentDiff = current.Data.bounds.center - test.Data.bounds.center; if(!Mathf.Approximately(previousDiff.y,0)) { if(!Mathf.Approximately(currentDiff.y,0)) { //you wanna drop now : continue; } if(current.Data.parentUnit.parentUnit != null) { if(!coplanar(test.Data.bounds.center,current.Data.bounds.center,current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center,current.Data.parentUnit.parentUnit.bounds.center)) { continue; }else { if(Mathf.Approximately(test.Data.bounds.center.x, current.Data.parentUnit.parentUnit.bounds.center.x) && Mathf.Approximately(test.Data.bounds.center.z, current.Data.parentUnit.parentUnit.bounds.center.z)) { continue; } } } } } g = current.Data.g + HEURISTIC(current.Data,test.Data); h = HEURISTIC(test.Data,goal.Data); f = g + h; if(open.Contains(test) || closed.Contains(test)) { if(test.Data.f > f) { //found a shorter path going passing through that point test.Data.f = f; test.Data.g = g; test.Data.h = h; test.Data.parentUnit = current.Data; } } else { //jamais rencontré test.Data.f = f; test.Data.h = h; test.Data.g = g; test.Data.parentUnit = current.Data; open.Add(test); } } closed.Add (current); if(open.Count == 0) { Debug.Log("nothingfound"); //nothing more to test no path found, stay to from; List<GridUnit> r = new List<GridUnit>(); r.Add(from.Data); return r; } //sort open from small to biggest travel cost open.Sort(delegate(Node<GridUnit> x, Node<GridUnit> y) { return (int)(x.Data.f-y.Data.f); }); //get the smallest travel cost node; Node<GridUnit> smallest = open[0]; current = smallest; open.RemoveAt(0); } //build the path going backward; List<GridUnit> ret = new List<GridUnit>(); if(penul != null) { ret.Insert(0,to.Data); } GridUnit cur = goal.Data; ret.Insert(0,cur); do{ cur = cur.parentUnit; ret.Insert(0,cur); } while(cur != from.Data); return ret; You see at the start of the foreach i constrict the A* like i said. If you have any insight it would be cool. Thanks

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  • Nifty popup fails to register

    - by Snailer
    I'm new to Nifty GUI, so I'm following a tutorial here for making popups. For now, I'm just trying to get a very basic "test" popup to show, but I get multiple errors and none of them make much sense. To show a popup, I believe it is necessary to first have a Nifty Screen already showing, which I do. So here is the ScreenController for the working Nifty Screen: public class WorkingScreen extends AbstractAppState implements ScreenController { //Main is my jme SimpleApplication private Main app; private Nifty nifty; private Screen screen; public WorkingScreen() {} public void equip(String slotstr) { int slot = Integer.valueOf(slotstr); System.out.println("Equipping item in slot "+slot); //Here's where it STOPS working. app.getPlayer().registerPopupScreen(nifty); System.out.println("Registered new popup"); Element ele = nifty.createPopup(app.getPlayer().POPUP); System.out.println("popup is " +ele); nifty.showPopup(nifty.getCurrentScreen(), ele.getId(), null); } @Override public void initialize(AppStateManager stateManager, Application app) { super.initialize(stateManager, app); this.app = (Main)app; } @Override public void update(float tpf) { /** jME update loop! */ } public void bind(Nifty nifty, Screen screen) { this.nifty = nifty; this.screen = screen; } When I call equip(0) the system prints Equipping item in slot 0, then a lot of errors and none of the subsequent println()'s. Clearly it botches somewhere in Player.registerPopupScreen(Nifty nifty). Here's the method: public final String POPUP = "Test Popup"; public void registerPopupScreen(Nifty nifty) { System.out.println("Attempting new popup"); PopupBuilder b = new PopupBuilder(POPUP) {{ childLayoutCenter(); backgroundColor("#000a"); panel(new PanelBuilder() {{ id("List"); childLayoutCenter(); height(percentage(75)); width(percentage(50)); control(new ButtonBuilder("TestButton") {{ label("TestButton"); width("120px"); height("40px"); align(Align.Center); }}); }}); }}; System.out.println("PopupBuilder success."); b.registerPopup(nifty); System.out.println("Registerpopup success."); } Because that first println() doesn't show, it looks like this method isn't even called at all! Edit After removing all calls on the Player object, the popup works. It seems I'm not "allowed" to access the player from the ScreenController. Unfortunate, since I need information on the player for the popup. Is there a workaround?

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  • Difficulties with rotation of a sprite

    - by Andy
    I want to program a dolphin that jumps and rotates like a real dolphin. Jumping is not the problem, but I don't know how to make the rotation. My dolphin always rests in the same angle while it jumps. But I want that it changes the rotation during the jump, like a real dolphin does. How can I improve the rotation? public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; Texture2D image, water; float Gravity = 5.0F; float Acceleration = 20.0F; Vector2 Position = new Vector2(1200,720); Vector2 Velocity; float rotation = 0; SpriteEffects flip; Vector2 Speed = new Vector2(0, 0); public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 1280; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 720; } protected override void Initialize() { base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); image = Content.Load<Texture2D>("cartoondolphin"); water = Content.Load<Texture2D>("background"); flip = SpriteEffects.None; } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { float VelocityX = 0f; float VelocityY = 0f; float time = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; KeyboardState kbState = Keyboard.GetState(); if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { rotation = 0; flip = SpriteEffects.None; VelocityX += -5f; } if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { rotation = 0; flip = SpriteEffects.FlipHorizontally; VelocityX += 5f; } // jump if the dolphin is under water if(Position.Y >= 670) { if (kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { if (flip == SpriteEffects.None) { rotation = 45; VelocityY += 40f; } else { rotation = -45; VelocityY += 40f; } } } else { VelocityY += -10f; } float deltaY = 0; float deltaX = 0; deltaY = Gravity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; deltaX += VelocityX * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; deltaY += -VelocityY * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; Speed = new Vector2(Speed.X + deltaX, Speed.Y + deltaY); Position += Speed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Velocity.X = 0; if (Position.Y + image.Height/2 > graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight) Position.Y = graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight - image.Height/2; base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(water, new Rectangle(0, graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight -100, graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth, 100), Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(image, Position, null, Color.White, MathHelper.ToRadians(rotation), new Vector2(image.Width / 2, image.Height / 2), 1, flip, 1); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } }

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  • jump pads problem

    - by Pasquale Sada
    I'm trying to make a character jump on a landing pad who stays above him. Here is the formula I've used (everything is pretty much self-explainable, maybe except character_MaxForce that is the total force the character can jump ): deltaPosition = target - character_position; sqrtTerm = Sqrt(2*-gravity.y * deltaPosition.y + MaxYVelocity* character_MaxForce); time = (MaxYVelocity-sqrtTerm) /gravity.y; speedSq = jumpVelocity.x* jumpVelocity.x + jumpVelocity.z *jumpVelocity.z; if speedSq < (character_MaxForce * character_MaxForce) we have the right time so we can store the value jumpVelocity.x = deltaPosition.x / time; jumpVelocity.z = deltaPosition.z / time; otherwise we try the other solution time = (MaxYVelocity+sqrtTerm) /gravity.y; and then store it jumpVelocity.x = deltaPosition.x / time; jumpVelocity.z = deltaPosition.z / time; jumpVelocity.y = MaxYVelocity; rigidbody_velocity = jumpVelocity; The problem is that the character is jumping away from the landing pad or sometime he jumps too far never hitting the landing pad.

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  • Data for animation

    - by saadtaame
    Say you are using C/SDL for a 2D game project. It's often the case that people use a structure to represent a frame in an animation. The struct consists of an image and how much time the frame is supposed to be visible. Is this data sufficient to represent somewhat complex animatio? Is it a good idea to separate animation management code and animation data? Can somebody provide a link to animations tutorials that store animations in a file and retrieve them when needed. I read this in a book (AI game programming wisdom) but would like to see a real implementation.

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  • HTML5 - check if font has loaded

    - by espais
    At present I load my font for my game in with @font-face For instance: @font-face { font-family: 'Orbitron'; src: url('res/orbitron-medium.ttf'); } and then reference it throughout my JS implementation as such: ctx.font = "12pt Orbitron"; where ctx is my 2d context from the canvas. However, I notice a certain lag time while the font is downloaded to the user. Is there a way I can use a default font until it is loaded in? Edit - I'll expand the question, because I hadn't taken the first comment into account. What would the proper method of handling this be in the case that a user has disabled custom fonts?

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  • Updating "Inactive" Chunks

    - by Conner Bryan
    In my game, the only chunks (4x4 areas of tiles) in memory are the ones that the player is in. However, chunks need to have updates applied to them over time. A (likely) well-known example would be MineCraft: even if the player isn't in a chunk, the wheat still needs to grow over time. My current solution is to call a method and pass in the time since the chunk was active.. but what if the chunk depends on nearby chunks for information, i.e. vines spreading or similar? Is there any reasonable solutions to this problem, or should I simply not depend on nearby chunks?

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  • Make Gameobject Stand On Surface Facing Certain Direction

    - by Julian
    I want to make a biped character stand on any surface I click on. Surfaces have up vectors of any of positive or negative X,Y,Z. So imagine a cube with each face being a gameobject whose up vector pointing directly away from the cube. If my character is facing "forward" and I click on a surface which is to the left or right of me ( left or right walls), I want my character to now be standing on that surface but still be facing in the direction he initially was. If I click on a wall which is in the forward path of my character i want him to now be standing on that surface and his forward to now be what was once "up" relative to my character. Here is the code I am working with now. void Update() { if (Input.GetMouseButtonUp (0)) { RaycastHit hit; var ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition); if (Physics.Raycast(ray, out hit)) { Vector3 upVectBefore = transform.up; Vector3 forwardVectBefore = transform.forward; Quaternion rotationVectBefore = transform.rotation; Vector3 hitPosition = hit.transform.position; transform.position = hitPosition; float lookDifference = Vector3.Distance(hit.transform.up, forwardVectBefore); if(Vector3.Distance(hit.transform.up, upVectBefore) < .23) //Same normal { transform.rotation = rotationVectBefore; } else if(lookDifference > 1.412 && lookDifference <= 1.70607) //side wall { transform.up = hit.transform.up; transform.forward = forwardVectBefore; } else //head on wall { transform.up = hit.transform.up; transform.forward = upVectBefore; } } } } The first case "Same normal" works fine, however the other two do not work as I would like them to. Sometimes my character is laying down on the surface or on the wrong side of the surface. Does anyone know nice way of solving this problem?

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  • Premultiplying matrices with Perspective destroys them

    - by Shadows In Rain
    If I apply world_to_camera, perspective and camera_to_screen to my mesh, everything is okay. But if I premultiply given matrices (i.e. transform = world_to_camera * perpective * camera_to_screen) before applying, then it seems like only perspective has effect. If it is important... My 3d framework was written from scratch (test project for job interview). But it works flawlessly, or at least I think so. So, question. This is expected behaviour, or my implementation is wrong?

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  • What is the standard technique for shifting the frames of a sprite according to user input?

    - by virtual__
    From my own experience, I developed two techniques for changing the sprites of a character that's reacting to user input -- this in the context of a classic 2D platformer. The first one is to store all character's pixmaps in a list, putting the index of the currently used pixmap in an ordinary variable. This way, every time the player presses a key -- say the right arrow for moving the character forward -- the graphics engine sees what's the next pixmap to draw, draws it, and increments the index counter. That's a pretty common approach I believe, the problem is that in this case the animation's quality depends not only on the number of sprites available but also on how often your engine listens to user input. The second technique is to actually play an animation every key press event. For this you can use any sort of animation framework you want. It's only necessary to set the timer, the animation steps and to call the animation's play() method on your key press event handler. The problem with that approach is that is lacks responsiveness, since the character won't react to any input while the current animation is still being played. What I want to know is whether you are using one of these techniques -- or something similar -- in your games, or whether there's a standard method for animating sprites out there that's widely known by everybody but me.

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  • Rotating wheel with touch (adding momentum and slowing down the initial rate it can be moved

    - by Lewis
    I have a wheel control in a game which is setup like so: - (void)ccTouchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject]; CGPoint location = [touch locationInView:[touch view]]; location = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] convertToGL:location]; if (CGRectContainsPoint(wheel.boundingBox, location)) { CGPoint firstLocation = [touch previousLocationInView:[touch view]]; CGPoint location = [touch locationInView:[touch view]]; CGPoint touchingPoint = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] convertToGL:location]; CGPoint firstTouchingPoint = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] convertToGL:firstLocation]; CGPoint firstVector = ccpSub(firstTouchingPoint, wheel.position); CGFloat firstRotateAngle = -ccpToAngle(firstVector); CGFloat previousTouch = CC_RADIANS_TO_DEGREES(firstRotateAngle); CGPoint vector = ccpSub(touchingPoint, wheel.position); CGFloat rotateAngle = -ccpToAngle(vector); CGFloat currentTouch = CC_RADIANS_TO_DEGREES(rotateAngle); wheelRotation += (currentTouch - previousTouch) * 0.6; //limit speed 0.6 } } Now once the user lets go of the wheel I want it to rotate back to where it was before but not without taking into account the momentum of the swipe the user has done. This is the bit I really can't get my head around. So if the swipe generates a lot of momentum then the wheel will carry on moving slightly in that direction until the overall force which pulls the wheel back to the starting position kicks in. Any ideas/code snippets?

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  • HowTo Enable jBullet DebugMode

    - by Kenneth Bray
    I would like to render the physics world of jBullet to debug some issues in my game, and I am not finding too much on enabling the debugDraw method of jBullet. Do I need to write my own debugDraw method, or is there an easier way to draw the physics models to the screen? If there is already a built in method I would prefer to use that, otherwise I guess I will start making my own functions to handle this.

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  • Detailed Modern Opengl Tutorial?

    - by Kogesho
    I am asking for a specific modern opengl tutorial. I need a tutorial that does not skip to explain any lines of code. It should also include different independent objects moving/rotating (most tutorials use only one object), as well as imported 3d objects and collision detection for them. It should also avoid stuff that won't be used. Arcysnthesis for example gives a new concept, and after teaching it, in the next tutorial, it explains how bad it is for performance and introduces another method. Do you know any?

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  • 2D collision resolving

    - by Philippe Paré
    I've just worked out an AABB collision algorithm for my 2D game and I was very satisfied until I found out it only works properly with movements of 1 in X and 1 in Y... here it is: public bool Intersects(Rectanglef rectangle) { return this.Left < rectangle.Right && this.Right > rectangle.Left && this.Top < rectangle.Bottom && this.Bottom > rectangle.Top; } public bool IntersectsAny(params Rectanglef[] rectangles) { for (int i = 0; i < rectangles.Length; i++) { if (this.Left < rectangles[i].Right && this.Right > rectangles[i].Left && this.Top < rectangles[i].Bottom && this.Bottom > rectangles[i].Top) return true; } return false; } and here is how I use it in the update function of my player : public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { Rectanglef nextPosX = new Rectanglef(AABB.X, AABB.Y, AABB.Width, AABB.Height); Rectanglef nextPosY; if (Input.Key(Key.Left)) nextPosX.X--; if (Input.Key(Key.Right)) nextPosX.X++; bool xFree = !nextPosX.IntersectsAny(Boxes.ToArray()); if (xFree) nextPosY = new Rectanglef(nextPosX.X, nextPosX.Y, nextPosX.Width, nextPosX.Height); else nextPosY = new Rectanglef(AABB.X, AABB.Y, AABB.Width, AABB.Height); if (Input.Key(Key.Up)) nextPosY.Y--; if (Input.Key(Key.Down)) nextPosY.Y++; bool yFree = !nextPosY.IntersectsAny(Boxes.ToArray()); if (yFree) AABB = nextPosY; else if (xFree) AABB = nextPosX; } What I'm having trouble with, is a system where I can give float values to my movement and make it so there's a smooth acceleration. Do I have to retrieve the collision rectangle (the rectangle created by the other two colliding)? or should I do some sort of vector and go along this axis until I reach the collision? Thanks a lot!

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  • How to prevent "underwater sight" in games

    - by CPP_Person
    In many games where the player can go underwater, it seems like when you look where the top half of the screen is in the air, and the bottom half the screen is in the water, it's almost like the water doesn't exist and the player is... flying slowly with water sounds? Is there a logical way to solve this? An algorithm? Doesn't seem like any solution has come up yet since many games still have this. I don't want to make the same mistake.

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  • XNA - Obtaining depth from the scene's render target?

    - by user1423893
    I'm currently rendering my scene to a render target so it can be used for rendering methods such as post processing and order independent transparency. rtScene = new RenderTarget2D( GraphicsDevice, GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth, GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight, false, SurfaceFormat.Rgba64, DepthFormat.Depth24Stencil8, // Requires a depth format for objects to be drawn correctly (e.g. wireframe model surrounding model) 0, RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents ); I am required to use RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents so that the same render target can be rendered to multiple times, once for each of the draw methods below. DrawBackground DrawDeferred DrawForward DrawTransparent The problem is that DrawTransparent requires a copy of the scene's depth as a texture. Is there any way to obtain this from the scene render target above (rtScene)? I can't have more than one render target with RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents as this causes problems on hardware such as the XBOX 360, so rendering the depth to a separate render target at the same time as I render the scene isn't possible as far as I can tell. Would I be able to get around this problem by "Ping-Ponging" two render targets (using the more compatible RenderTargetUsage.DiscardContents) and using the result for the depth texture?

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  • rotate opengl mesh relative to camera

    - by shuall
    I have a cube in opengl. It's position is determined by multiplying it's specific model matrix, the view matrix, and the projection matrix and then passing that to the shader as per this tutorial (http://www.opengl-tutorial.org/beginners-tutorials/tutorial-3-matrices/). I want to rotate it relative to the camera. The only way I can think of getting the correct axis is by multiplying the inverse of the model matrix (because that's where all the previous rotations and tranforms are stored) times the view matrix times the axis of rotation (x or y). I feel like there's got to be a better way to do this like use something other than model, view and projection matrices, or maybe I'm doing something wrong. That's what all the tutorials I've seen use. PS I'm also trying to keep with opengl 4 core stuff. edit: If quaternions would fix my problems, could someone point me to a good tutorial/example for switching from 4x4 matrices to quaternions. I'm a little daunted by the task.

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  • Direct3D - Zooming into Mouse Position

    - by roohan
    I'm trying to implement my camera class for a simulation. But I cant figure out how to zoom into my world based on the mouse position. I mean the object under the mouse cursor should remain at the same screen position. My zooming looks like this: VOID ZoomIn(D3DXMATRIX& WorldMatrix, FLOAT const& MouseX, FLOAT const& MouseY) { this->Position.z = this->Position.z * 0.9f; D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&this->ViewMatrix, &this->Position, &this->Target, &this->UpDirection); } I passed the world matrix to the function because I had the idea to move my drawing origin according to the mouse position. But I cant find out how to calculate the offset in to move my drawing origin. Anyone got an idea how to calculate this? Thanks in advance. SOLVED Ok I solved my problem. Here is the code if anyone is interested: VOID CAMERA2D::ZoomIn(FLOAT const& MouseX, FLOAT const& MouseY) { // Get the setting of the current view port. D3DVIEWPORT9 ViewPort; this->Direct3DDevice->GetViewport(&ViewPort); // Convert the screen coordinates of the mouse to world space coordinates. D3DXVECTOR3 VectorOne; D3DXVECTOR3 VectorTwo; D3DXVec3Unproject(&VectorOne, &D3DXVECTOR3(MouseX, MouseY, 0.0f), &ViewPort, &this->ProjectionMatrix, &this->ViewMatrix, &WorldMatrix); D3DXVec3Unproject(&VectorTwo, &D3DXVECTOR3(MouseX, MouseY, 1.0f), &ViewPort, &this->ProjectionMatrix, &this->ViewMatrix, &WorldMatrix); // Calculate the resulting vector components. float WorldZ = 0.0f; float WorldX = ((WorldZ - VectorOne.z) * (VectorTwo.x - VectorOne.x)) / (VectorTwo.z - VectorOne.z) + VectorOne.x; float WorldY = ((WorldZ - VectorOne.z) * (VectorTwo.y - VectorOne.y)) / (VectorTwo.z - VectorOne.z) + VectorOne.y; // Move the camera into the screen. this->Position.z = this->Position.z * 0.9f; D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&this->ViewMatrix, &this->Position, &this->Target, &this->UpDirection); // Calculate the world space vector again based on the new view matrix, D3DXVec3Unproject(&VectorOne, &D3DXVECTOR3(MouseX, MouseY, 0.0f), &ViewPort, &this->ProjectionMatrix, &this->ViewMatrix, &WorldMatrix); D3DXVec3Unproject(&VectorTwo, &D3DXVECTOR3(MouseX, MouseY, 1.0f), &ViewPort, &this->ProjectionMatrix, &this->ViewMatrix, &WorldMatrix); // Calculate the resulting vector components. float WorldZ2 = 0.0f; float WorldX2 = ((WorldZ2 - VectorOne.z) * (VectorTwo.x - VectorOne.x)) / (VectorTwo.z - VectorOne.z) + VectorOne.x; float WorldY2 = ((WorldZ2 - VectorOne.z) * (VectorTwo.y - VectorOne.y)) / (VectorTwo.z - VectorOne.z) + VectorOne.y; // Create a temporary translation matrix for calculating the origin offset. D3DXMATRIX TranslationMatrix; D3DXMatrixIdentity(&TranslationMatrix); // Calculate the origin offset. D3DXMatrixTranslation(&TranslationMatrix, WorldX2 - WorldX, WorldY2 - WorldY, 0.0f); // At the offset to the cameras world matrix. this->WorldMatrix = this->WorldMatrix * TranslationMatrix; } Maybe someone has even a better solution than mine.

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  • Information about rendering, batches, the graphical card, performance etc. + XNA?

    - by Aidiakapi
    I know the title is a bit vague but it's hard to describe what I'm really looking for, but here goes. When it comes to CPU rendering, performance is mostly easy to estimate and straightforward, but when it comes to the GPU due to my lack of technical background information, I'm clueless. I'm using XNA so it'd be nice if theory could be related to that. So what I actually wanna know is, what happens when and where (CPU/GPU) when you do specific draw actions? What is a batch? What influence do effects, projections etc have? Is data persisted on the graphics card or is it transferred over every step? When there's talk about bandwidth, are you talking about a graphics card internal bandwidth, or the pipeline from CPU to GPU? Note: I'm not actually looking for information on how the drawing process happens, that's the GPU's business, I'm interested on all the overhead that precedes that. I'd like to understand what's going on when I do action X, to adapt my architectures and practices to that. Any articles (possibly with code examples), information, links, tutorials that give more insight in how to write better games are very much appreciated. Thanks :)

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