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• What are the semantics of glRotate and glTranslate's parameters?

  - by Zarkopafilis

  I have been trying to play with OpenGL after watching some tutorials and I don't understand how the glTranslatef and glRotatef functions work. I believe a simple picture would help me. I understand that glTranslatef changes the position of the "camera" (but does it change the position in wich the shapes are getting drawn)? However, I don't understand the rotation concept at all. If I do glRotatef(1,0,0,1) it makes my quad spin around. If I just do glRotatef(1,0,0,0) it makes the quad smaller (further away) but if I try to rotate around the X or Y axis, I get a black screen. I don't understand the angle either. Help would be appreciated.

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• How to synchronise the acceleration, velocity and position of the monsters on the server with the players?

  - by Nick

  I'm building an MMO using Node.js, and there are monsters roaming around. I can make them move around on the server using vector variables acceleration, velocity and position. acceleration = steeringForce / mass; velocity += acceleration * dTime; position += velocity * dTime; Right now I just send the positions over, and tell the players these are the "target positions" of the monsters, and let the monsters move towards the target positions on the client with a speed dependant on the distance of the target position. It works but looks rather strange. How do I synchronise these properly with the players without looking funny to them, taking into account the server lag? The problem is that I don't know how to make use of the correct acceleration/velocity values here; right now they just move directly in a straight line to the target position instead of accelerating/braking there properly. How can I implement such behaviour?

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• BoundingBox Intersection Problems

  - by Deukalion

  When I try to render two cubes, same sizes, one beside the other. With the same proportions (XYZ). My problem is, why do a Box1.BoundingBox.Contains(Box2.BoundingBox) == ContaintmentType.Intersects - when it clearly doesn't? I'm trying to place objects with BoundingBoxes as "intersection" checking, but this simple example clearly shows that this doesn't work. Why is that? I also try checking height of the next object to be placed, by checking intersection, adding each boxes height += (Max.Y - Min.Y) to a Height value, so when I add a new Box it has a height value. This works, but sometimes due to strange behavior it adds extra values when there isn't anything there. This is an example of what I mean: BoundingBox box1 = GetBoundaries(new Vector3(0, 0, 0), new Vector3(128, 64, 128)); BoundingBox box2 = GetBoundaries(new Vector3(128, 0, 0), new Vector3(128, 64, 128)); if (box1.Contains(box2) == ContainmentType.Intersects) { // This will be executed System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("Intersects = True"); } if (box1.Contains(box2) == ContainmentType.Disjoint) { System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("Disjoint = True"); } if (box1.Contains(box2) == ContainmentType.Contains) { System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("Contains = True"); } Test Method: public BoundingBox GetBoundaries(Vector3 position, Vector3 size) { Vector3[] vertices = new Vector3[8]; vertices[0] = position + new Vector3(-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f) * size; vertices[1] = position + new Vector3(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f) * size; vertices[2] = position + new Vector3(0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f) * size; vertices[3] = position + new Vector3(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f) * size; vertices[4] = position + new Vector3(-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f) * size; vertices[5] = position + new Vector3(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f) * size; vertices[6] = position + new Vector3(0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f) * size; vertices[7] = position + new Vector3(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f) * size; return BoundingBox.CreateFromPoints(vertices); } Box 1 should start at x -64, Box 2 should start at x 64 which means they never overlap. If I add Box 2 to 129 instead it creates a small gap between the cubes which is not pretty. So, the question is how can I place two cubes beside eachother and make them understand that they do not overlap or actually intersect? Because this way I can never automatically check for intersections or place cube beside eachother.

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• How to set sprite source coordinates?

  - by ChaosDev

  I am creating own sprite drawer with DX11 on C++. Works fine but I dont know how to apply source rectangle to texture coordinates of rendering surface(for animation sprite sheets) //source = (0,0,32,64); //RECT D3DXVECTOR2 t0 = D3DXVECTOR2( 1.0f, 0.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t1 = D3DXVECTOR2( 1.0f, 1.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t2 = D3DXVECTOR2( 0.0f, 1.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t3 = D3DXVECTOR2( 0.0f, 1.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t4 = D3DXVECTOR2( 0.0f, 0.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t5 = D3DXVECTOR2( 1.0f, 0.0f); VertexPositionColorTexture vertices[] = { { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left+dest.right, dest.top, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t0}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left+dest.right, dest.top+dest.bottom, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t1}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left, dest.top+dest.bottom, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t2}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left, dest.top+dest.bottom, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t3}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left , dest.top, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t4}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left+dest.right, dest.top, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t5}, };

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• snapping an angle to the closest cardinal direction

  - by Josh E

  I'm developing a 2D sprite-based game, and I'm finding that I'm having trouble with making the sprites rotate correctly. In a nutshell, I've got spritesheets for each of 5 directions (the other 3 come from just flipping the sprite horizontally), and I need to clamp the velocity/rotation of the sprite to one of those directions. My sprite class has a pre-computed list of radians corresponding to the cardinal directions like this: protected readonly List<float> CardinalDirections = new List<float> { MathHelper.PiOver4, MathHelper.PiOver2, MathHelper.PiOver2 + MathHelper.PiOver4, MathHelper.Pi, -MathHelper.PiOver4, -MathHelper.PiOver2, -MathHelper.PiOver2 + -MathHelper.PiOver4, -MathHelper.Pi, }; Here's the positional update code: if (velocity == Vector2.Zero) return; var rot = ((float)Math.Atan2(velocity.Y, velocity.X)); TurretRotation = SnapPositionToGrid(rot); var snappedX = (float)Math.Cos(TurretRotation); var snappedY = (float)Math.Sin(TurretRotation); var rotVector = new Vector2(snappedX, snappedY); velocity *= rotVector; //...snip private float SnapPositionToGrid(float rotationToSnap) { if (rotationToSnap == 0) return 0.0f; var targetRotation = CardinalDirections.First(x => (x - rotationToSnap >= -0.01 && x - rotationToSnap <= 0.01)); return (float)Math.Round(targetRotation, 3); } What am I doing wrong here? I know that the SnapPositionToGrid method is far from what it needs to be - the .First(..) call is on purpose so that it throws on no match, but I have no idea how I would go about accomplishing this, and unfortunately, Google hasn't helped too much either. Am I thinking about this the wrong way, or is the answer staring at me in the face?

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• Are there any reasons to use Legacy (2.X) OpenGL?

  - by user27886

  The benefits are well documented of the Modern OpenGL 3.X & 4.X API's, but I'm wondering if there are ANY benefits to keeping with the old OpenGL, Or if learning OpenGL 2.X is a complete waste of time now no matter what? Particularly I've wondered if using the OpenGL 2.X API is appropriate if the target platform had graphics hardware capable of only up to OpenGL 2.X. Would a driver update on said target platform allow programs compiled using the Modern OpenGL API's to be released on this old platform? If they both work, which would be faster? Thanks

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• Direct3D - Zooming into Mouse Position

  - by roohan

  I'm trying to implement my camera class for a simulation. But I cant figure out how to zoom into my world based on the mouse position. I mean the object under the mouse cursor should remain at the same screen position. My zooming looks like this: VOID ZoomIn(D3DXMATRIX& WorldMatrix, FLOAT const& MouseX, FLOAT const& MouseY) { this->Position.z = this->Position.z * 0.9f; D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&this->ViewMatrix, &this->Position, &this->Target, &this->UpDirection); } I passed the world matrix to the function because I had the idea to move my drawing origin according to the mouse position. But I cant find out how to calculate the offset in to move my drawing origin. Anyone got an idea how to calculate this? Thanks in advance. SOLVED Ok I solved my problem. Here is the code if anyone is interested: VOID CAMERA2D::ZoomIn(FLOAT const& MouseX, FLOAT const& MouseY) { // Get the setting of the current view port. D3DVIEWPORT9 ViewPort; this->Direct3DDevice->GetViewport(&ViewPort); // Convert the screen coordinates of the mouse to world space coordinates. D3DXVECTOR3 VectorOne; D3DXVECTOR3 VectorTwo; D3DXVec3Unproject(&VectorOne, &D3DXVECTOR3(MouseX, MouseY, 0.0f), &ViewPort, &this->ProjectionMatrix, &this->ViewMatrix, &WorldMatrix); D3DXVec3Unproject(&VectorTwo, &D3DXVECTOR3(MouseX, MouseY, 1.0f), &ViewPort, &this->ProjectionMatrix, &this->ViewMatrix, &WorldMatrix); // Calculate the resulting vector components. float WorldZ = 0.0f; float WorldX = ((WorldZ - VectorOne.z) * (VectorTwo.x - VectorOne.x)) / (VectorTwo.z - VectorOne.z) + VectorOne.x; float WorldY = ((WorldZ - VectorOne.z) * (VectorTwo.y - VectorOne.y)) / (VectorTwo.z - VectorOne.z) + VectorOne.y; // Move the camera into the screen. this->Position.z = this->Position.z * 0.9f; D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&this->ViewMatrix, &this->Position, &this->Target, &this->UpDirection); // Calculate the world space vector again based on the new view matrix, D3DXVec3Unproject(&VectorOne, &D3DXVECTOR3(MouseX, MouseY, 0.0f), &ViewPort, &this->ProjectionMatrix, &this->ViewMatrix, &WorldMatrix); D3DXVec3Unproject(&VectorTwo, &D3DXVECTOR3(MouseX, MouseY, 1.0f), &ViewPort, &this->ProjectionMatrix, &this->ViewMatrix, &WorldMatrix); // Calculate the resulting vector components. float WorldZ2 = 0.0f; float WorldX2 = ((WorldZ2 - VectorOne.z) * (VectorTwo.x - VectorOne.x)) / (VectorTwo.z - VectorOne.z) + VectorOne.x; float WorldY2 = ((WorldZ2 - VectorOne.z) * (VectorTwo.y - VectorOne.y)) / (VectorTwo.z - VectorOne.z) + VectorOne.y; // Create a temporary translation matrix for calculating the origin offset. D3DXMATRIX TranslationMatrix; D3DXMatrixIdentity(&TranslationMatrix); // Calculate the origin offset. D3DXMatrixTranslation(&TranslationMatrix, WorldX2 - WorldX, WorldY2 - WorldY, 0.0f); // At the offset to the cameras world matrix. this->WorldMatrix = this->WorldMatrix * TranslationMatrix; } Maybe someone has even a better solution than mine.

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• Prevent collisions between mobs/npcs/units piloted by computer AI : How to avoid mobile obstacles?

  - by Arthur Wulf White

  Lets says we have character a starting at point A and character b starting at point B. character a is headed to point B and character b is headed to point A. There are several simple ways to find the path(I will be using Dijkstra). The question is, how do I take preventative action in the code to stop the two from colliding with one another? case2: Characters a and b start from the same point in different times. Character b starts later and is the faster of the two. How do I make character b walk around character a without going through it? case3:Lets say we have m such characters in each side and there is sufficient room to pass through without the characters overlapping with one another. How do I stop the two groups of characters from "walking on top of one another" and allow them pass around one another in a natural organic way. A correct answer would be any algorithm, that given the path to the destination and a list of mobile objects that block the path, finds an alternative path or stops without stopping all units when there is sufficient room to traverse.

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• XNA- Texturing problem, exporting model

  - by user1806687

  How,can I disable coloring when texture is applied, because right now the texture is being colored over. foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.TextureEnabled = textureApplied; if(textureApplied) effect.Texture = Texture2D.FromStream(GraphicsDevice,System.IO.File.OpenRead(texturePath)); else { effect.DiffuseColor = ti.DiffuseColor; effect.EmissiveColor = ti.EmissiveColor; } ... } mesh.Draw(); Also, is there any easy way for xna to export models? Or do I have to write my own?

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• How do I simplify a 2D game grid for level management while keeping its by-pixel features?

  - by Eric Thoma

  (I cross-posted this from StackOverflow as this seems to be a more appropriate forum. I've looked around a little here and I did not find an answer, so I hope this is not a recurring question.) This is a question dealing with 2D world design. I am playing around by creating a 2D bird's eye view shooter game, and I am looking to make the game sleek and advanced. I hope to be able to write physics so projectiles have momentum and knock-down properties. I am immediately running into the problem of world design. I need a way to have level files that store everything there is about a game. This is easiest by just having a grid of objects. But there are thin-walls and other objects that don't seem to fit into a traditional cell of a grid. I want to be able to fit all these together so I can streamline level design; so I don't have to put in the exact pixel-specific start and end of a wall. There doesn't seem to be an obvious translation from level file to game without forcing myself into a pacman-life scenario, meaning a scenario where the game feels boxy and discrete. There is a contrast between the smoothly (relatively) moving characters and finite jumps in a grid. I would appreciate an answer that would describe implementation options or point me to resources that do. I would also appreciate references to sites that teach game design. The language I am using is Java (although I would love to use C or C++, but I can never find convenient resources in those languages). Thank you for any answers. Please leave any questions in the space below; I will be able to answer them later tonight (28th Nov).

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• How'd they do it: Millions of tiles in Terraria

  - by William 'MindWorX' Mariager

  I've been working up a game engine similar to Terraria, mostly as a challenge, and while I've figured out most of it, I can't really seem to wrap my head around how they handle the millions of interactable/harvestable tiles the game has at one time. Creating around 500.000 tiles, that is 1/20th of what's possible in Terraria, in my engine causes the frame-rate to drop from 60 to around 20, even tho I'm still only rendering the tiles in view. Mind you, I'm not doing anything with the tiles, only keeping them in memory. Update: Code added to show how I do things. This is part of a class, which handles the tiles and draws them. I'm guessing the culprit is the "foreach" part, which iterates everything, even empty indexes. ... public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch, GameTime gameTime) { foreach (Tile tile in this.Tiles) { if (tile != null) { if (tile.Position.X < -this.Offset.X + 32) continue; if (tile.Position.X > -this.Offset.X + 1024 - 48) continue; if (tile.Position.Y < -this.Offset.Y + 32) continue; if (tile.Position.Y > -this.Offset.Y + 768 - 48) continue; tile.Draw(spriteBatch, gameTime); } } } ... Also here is the Tile.Draw method, which could also do with an update, as each Tile uses four calls to the SpriteBatch.Draw method. This is part of my autotiling system, which means drawing each corner depending on neighboring tiles. texture_* are Rectangles, are set once at level creation, not each update. ... public virtual void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch, GameTime gameTime) { if (this.type == TileType.TileSet) { spriteBatch.Draw(this.texture, this.realm.Offset + this.Position, texture_tl, this.BlendColor); spriteBatch.Draw(this.texture, this.realm.Offset + this.Position + new Vector2(8, 0), texture_tr, this.BlendColor); spriteBatch.Draw(this.texture, this.realm.Offset + this.Position + new Vector2(0, 8), texture_bl, this.BlendColor); spriteBatch.Draw(this.texture, this.realm.Offset + this.Position + new Vector2(8, 8), texture_br, this.BlendColor); } } ... Any critique or suggestions to my code is welcome. Update: Solution added. Here's the final Level.Draw method. The Level.TileAt method simply checks the inputted values, to avoid OutOfRange exceptions. ... public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch, GameTime gameTime) { Int32 startx = (Int32)Math.Floor((-this.Offset.X - 32) / 16); Int32 endx = (Int32)Math.Ceiling((-this.Offset.X + 1024 + 32) / 16); Int32 starty = (Int32)Math.Floor((-this.Offset.Y - 32) / 16); Int32 endy = (Int32)Math.Ceiling((-this.Offset.Y + 768 + 32) / 16); for (Int32 x = startx; x < endx; x += 1) { for (Int32 y = starty; y < endy; y += 1) { Tile tile = this.TileAt(x, y); if (tile != null) tile.Draw(spriteBatch, gameTime); } } } ...

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• Is it better to cut and store all sprites needed from a spritesheet in memory, or cut them out just-in-time?

  - by xLite

  I'm not sure what's best practice here as I have little experience with this. Essentially what I am asking is... if it's better to get your single PNG with all your different sprites on it for use in-game, cut out every sprite on startup and store them in memory, then access the already-cut-out sprite from memory quickly or Only have the single PNG with all the different sprites residing in memory, and when you need, for example, a tree. You cut out the tree from the PNG and then continue to use it as normal. I imagine the former is more CPU friendly than the latter but less memory friendly, vice versa for the latter. I want to know what the norm is for game dev. This is a pixel based game using 2D art. Each PNG is actually an avatar's sprite sheet with each body part separated and then later joined to form the full body of the avatar.

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• Speed up content loading

  - by user1806687

  I am using WinForms Sample downloaded from microsoft website. The problem is, that the model loading time is quite long, using: contentBuilder.Add(ModelPath, ModelName, null, "ModelProcessor"); contentManager.Load<Model>(ModelName); even a simple model, such as a cube with no textures, takes 4+ seconds to load. Now, I am no expert on this, but is there anyway to decrease loading time? EDIT: I've gone thru the code and found out that calling contentBuilder.Build(); ,which comes right after contentBuilder.Add() method takes up most of the time.

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• AI agents with FSM: a question regarding this

  - by Prog

  Finite State Machines implemented with the State design pattern are a common way to design AI agents. I am familiar with the State design pattern and know how to implement it. However I have a question regarding how this is used in games to design AI agents. Please consider a class Monster that represents an AI agent. Simplified it looks like this: class Monster{ State state; // other fields omitted public void update(){ // called every game-loop cycle state.execute(this); } public void setState(State state){ this.state = state; } // irrelevant stuff omitted } There are several State subclasses that implement execute() differently. So far classic State pattern. Here's my question: AI agents are subject to environmental effects and other objects communicating with them. For example an AI agent might tell another AI agent to attack (i.e. agent.attack()). Or a fireball might tell an AI agent to fall down. This means that the agent must have methods such as attack() and fallDown(), or commonly some message receiving mechanism to understand such messages. My question is divided to two parts: 1- Please say if this is correct: With an FSM, the current State of the agent should be the one taking care of such method calls - i.e. the agent delegates to the current state upon every event. Correct? Or wrong? 2- If correct, than how is this done? Are all states obligated by their superclass) to implement methods such as attack(), fallDown() etc., so the agent can always delegate to them on almost every event? Or is it done in some other way?

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• How can I write data to a file that users can't easily edit?

  - by ThePlan

  While working on game saving and loading I figured I could just write all the variable values to a file and then load that file from it's default location anytime. However from the very beginning it sounded like an odd job. I know about serialization and boost, but that seems so complicated, I figured I'd keep it simple, but I've ran across this huge issue: No matter what file I can write with C++, the user can get their hands on it, they can edit their position, they can remove a boss, or add new weapons for themselves. My question here is: How can I create a file in C++ which cannot be editted or openned with a text editor such as Notepad (I'm not trying to make a file which is impossible to open, but a file which will give the user a headache if he tries to edit it through usual methods.)

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• Recreating Doodle Jump in Canvas - Platforms spawning out of reach

  - by kushsolitary

  I have started to recreate Doodle Jump in HTML using Canvas. Here's my current progress. As you can see, if you play it for a few seconds, some platforms will be out of the player's reach. I don't know why is this happening. Here's the code which is responsible for the re-spawning of platforms. //Movement of player affected by gravity if(player.y > (height / 2) - (player.height / 2)) { player.y += player.vy; player.vy += gravity; } else { for(var i = 0; i < platforms.length; i++) { var p = platforms[i]; if(player.vy < 0) { p.y -= player.vy; player.vy += 0.08; } if(p.y > height) { position = 0; var h = p.y; platforms[i] = new Platform(); } if(player.vy >= 0) { player.y += player.vy; player.vy += gravity; } } } Also, here's the platform class. //Platform class function Platform(y) { this.image = new Image(); this.image.src = platformImg; this.width = 105; this.height = 25; this.x = Math.random() * (width - this.width); this.y = y || position; position += height / platformCount; //Function to draw it this.draw = function() { try { ctx.drawImage(this.image, this.x, this.y, this.width, this.height); } catch(e) {} }; } You can also see the whole code on the link I provided. Also, when a platform goes out of the view port, the jump animation becomes quirky. I am still trying to find out what's causing this but can't find any solution.

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• Rotating a Quad around it center

  - by Trixmix

  How can you rotate a quad around its center? This is what im trying to do but it aint working: GL11.glTranslatef(x-getWidth()/2, y-getHeight()/2, 0); GL11.glRotatef(30, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); GL11.glTranslatef(x+getWidth()/2, y+getHeight()/2, 0); DRAW my main problem is that it renders it off the screen.. draw code: GL11.glBegin(GL11.GL_QUADS); { GL11.glTexCoord2f(0, 0); GL11.glVertex2f(0, 0); GL11.glTexCoord2f(0, getTexture().getHeight()); GL11.glVertex2f(0, height); GL11.glTexCoord2f(getTexture().getWidth(), getTexture().getHeight()); GL11.glVertex2f(width,height); GL11.glTexCoord2f(getTexture().getWidth(), 0); GL11.glVertex2f(width,0); } GL11.glEnd();

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• GLSL per pixel lighting with custom light type

  - by Justin

  Ok, I am having a big problem here. I just got into GLSL yesterday, so the code will be terrible, I'm sure. Basically, I am attempting to make a light that can be passed into the fragment shader (for learning purposes). I have four input values: one for the position of the light, one for the color, one for the distance it can travel, and one for the intensity. I want to find the distance between the light and the fragment, then calculate the color from there. The code I have gives me a simply gorgeous ring of light that get's twisted and widened as the matrix is modified. I love the results, but it is not even close to what I am after. I want the light to be moved with all of the vertices, so it is always in the same place in relation to the objects. I can easily take it from there, but getting that to work seems to be impossible with my current structure. Can somebody give me a few pointers (pun not intended)? Vertex shader: attribute vec4 position; attribute vec4 color; attribute vec2 textureCoordinates; varying vec4 colorVarying; varying vec2 texturePosition; varying vec4 fposition; varying vec4 lightPosition; varying float lightDistance; varying float lightIntensity; varying vec4 lightColor; void main() { vec4 ECposition = gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex; vec3 tnorm = normalize(vec3 (gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal)); fposition = ftransform(); gl_Position = fposition; gl_TexCoord[0] = gl_MultiTexCoord0; fposition = ECposition; lightPosition = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 5.0, 0.0) * gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex; lightDistance = 5.0; lightIntensity = 1.0; lightColor = vec4(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0); } Fragment shader: varying vec4 colorVarying; varying vec2 texturePosition; varying vec4 fposition; varying vec4 lightPosition; varying float lightDistance; varying float lightIntensity; varying vec4 lightColor; uniform sampler2D texture; void main() { float l_distance = sqrt((gl_FragCoord.x * lightPosition.x) + (gl_FragCoord.y * lightPosition.y) + (gl_FragCoord.z * lightPosition.z)); float l_value = lightIntensity / (l_distance / lightDistance); vec4 l_color = vec4(l_value * lightColor.r, l_value * lightColor.g, l_value * lightColor.b, l_value * lightColor.a); vec4 color; color = texture2D(texture, gl_TexCoord[0].st); gl_FragColor = l_color * color; //gl_FragColor = fposition; }

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• Do I need the 'w' component in my Vector class?

  - by bobobobo

  Assume you're writing matrix code that handles rotation, translation etc for 3d space. Now the transformation matrices have to be 4x4 to fit the translation component in. However, you don't actually need to store a w component in the vector do you? Even in perspective division, you can simply compute and store w outside of the vector, and perspective divide before returning from the method. For example: // post multiply vec2=matrix*vector Vector operator*( const Matrix & a, const Vector& v ) { Vector r ; // do matrix mult r.x = a._11*v.x + a._12*v.y ... real w = a._41*v.x + a._42*v.y ... // perspective divide r /= w ; return r ; } Is there a point in storing w in the Vector class?

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• Scene transitions

  - by Mars

  It's my first time working with actual scenes/states, aka DrawableGameComponents, which work separate from one another. I'm now wondering what's the best way to make transitions between them, and how to affect them from other scenes. Lets say I wanted to "push" one screen to the right, with another one coming in at the same time. Naturally I'd have to keep drawing both, until the transition is complete. And I'd have to adjust the coordinates I'm drawing at while doing it. Is there a way around specifically handling this special case in every single scene? Or of I wanted to fade one into the other. Basically the question stays the same, how would you do that without having to handle it in every single scene? While writing this I'm realizing it will be the same thing for all kinds of transitions. Maybe a central Draw method in the manager could be a solution, where parameters and effects are applied when necessary. But this wouldn't work if objects that are drawn have their own method, and aren't drawn within the scene, or if an effect has to be applied to the whole scene. That means, maybe scenes have to be drawn to their own rendertarget? That way one call to the base class after the normal drawing could be enough, to apply the effects, while drawing it to the main render target. But I once heard there are problems when switching from target to target, back and forth. So is that even a viable option? As you can see, I have some basic ideas how it might work... but nothing specific. I'd like to learn what's the common way to achieve such things, a general way to apply all kinds of transitions.

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• Information about rendering, batches, the graphical card, performance etc. + XNA?

  - by Aidiakapi

  I know the title is a bit vague but it's hard to describe what I'm really looking for, but here goes. When it comes to CPU rendering, performance is mostly easy to estimate and straightforward, but when it comes to the GPU due to my lack of technical background information, I'm clueless. I'm using XNA so it'd be nice if theory could be related to that. So what I actually wanna know is, what happens when and where (CPU/GPU) when you do specific draw actions? What is a batch? What influence do effects, projections etc have? Is data persisted on the graphics card or is it transferred over every step? When there's talk about bandwidth, are you talking about a graphics card internal bandwidth, or the pipeline from CPU to GPU? Note: I'm not actually looking for information on how the drawing process happens, that's the GPU's business, I'm interested on all the overhead that precedes that. I'd like to understand what's going on when I do action X, to adapt my architectures and practices to that. Any articles (possibly with code examples), information, links, tutorials that give more insight in how to write better games are very much appreciated. Thanks :)

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• HTML5 - check if font has loaded

  - by espais

  At present I load my font for my game in with @font-face For instance: @font-face { font-family: 'Orbitron'; src: url('res/orbitron-medium.ttf'); } and then reference it throughout my JS implementation as such: ctx.font = "12pt Orbitron"; where ctx is my 2d context from the canvas. However, I notice a certain lag time while the font is downloaded to the user. Is there a way I can use a default font until it is loaded in? Edit - I'll expand the question, because I hadn't taken the first comment into account. What would the proper method of handling this be in the case that a user has disabled custom fonts?

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• Wall avoidance steering

  - by Vodemki

  I making a small steering simulator using the reynolds boid algorythm. Now I want to add a wall avoidance feature. My walls are in 3D and defined using two points like that: ---------. P2 | | P1 .--------- My agents have a velocity, a position, etc... Could you tell me how to make avoidance with my agents ? Vector2D ReynoldsSteeringModel::repulsionFromWalls() { Vector2D force; vector<Wall *> wallsList = walls(); Point2D pos = self()->position(); Vector2D velocity = self()->velocity(); for (unsigned i=0; i<wallsList.size(); i++) { //TODO } return force; } Then I use all the forces returned by my boid functions and I apply it to my agent. I just need to know how to do that with my walls ? Thanks for your help.

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• XNA 4: RenderTarget2D textures getting transparent on fullscreen

  - by Shashwat

  I'm generating a Texture2D object using RenderTarget2D as in the following code public static Texture2D GetTextTexture(string text, Vector2 position, SpriteFont font, Color foreColor, Color backColor, Texture2D background=null) { int width = (int)font.MeasureString(text).X; int height = (int)font.MeasureString(text).Y; GraphicsDevice device = Settings.game.GraphicsDevice; SpriteBatch spriteBatch = Settings.game.spriteBatch; RenderTarget2D renderTarget = new RenderTarget2D(device, width, height, false, SurfaceFormat.Color, DepthFormat.Depth24Stencil8, device.PresentationParameters.MultiSampleCount, RenderTargetUsage.DiscardContents); device.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget); device.Clear(backColor); spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.Opaque); if (background != null) spriteBatch.Draw(background, new Rectangle(0, 0, 70, 70), Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.DrawString(font, text, position, foreColor, 0, new Vector2(0), 0.8f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); spriteBatch.End(); device.SetRenderTarget(null); ResetGraphicsDeviceSettings(); return (Texture2D)renderTarget; } It's working all fine. But when I ToggleFullScreen() (and vice-versa), the previous textures are getting transparent. However, the new textures after that are being generated correctly. What can be the reason for this?

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• How can I locate the frames of a spritesheet PNG based on this PLIST data?

  - by kitsune

  Someone asked me to reskin a certain game. Now he only sent me the whole sprite PNG and PLIST files of the sprites. He instructed me to rename each sprite with the same name corresponding to each original sprite. The problem is, he gave me the whole sprite sheet instead of each individual sprite and the PLIST. Now yes, I can read the PNG filenames from the PLIST, but I cannot rename the reskin sprites I did because I'm not sure which sprite is boy_gun_3_3.png; there are multiple guns, I don't know which is which. Is there a way to extract individual accurately named individual PNG files from the single sprite sheet using the PLIST?

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