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• CNTLM issue with intranet (maybe DNS)

  - by htorque

  On my Linux box I need to use an ISA proxy that requires authentication to reach the internet. I therefore installed CNTLM and configured it to point to the proxy address and listen on port 4321. I then configured my GNOME distribution to use localhost:4321 as global proxy for HTTP and HTTPS. The result: I can connect to the internet. I can ping intranet IPs, I do receive name resolution for intranet sites, yet I cannot ping them or open any intranet site in a browser (configured to use the distributions proxy) unless I use the site's IP address. I tried blocking the intranet IP range in the CNTLM config file without luck.

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• NFS performance troubleshooting

  - by aix

  I am troubleshooting NFS performance issues on Linux, and I'm looking at the following nfsiostat output: host:/path mounted on /path: op/s rpc bklog 96.75 0.01 read: ops/s kB/s kB/op retrans avg RTT (ms) avg exe (ms) 86.561 1408.294 16.269 0 (0.0%) 34.595 89.688 write: ops/s kB/s kB/op retrans avg RTT (ms) avg exe (ms) 10.113 326.282 32.265 0 (0.0%) 19.688 72446.246 What exactly is the meaning of avg RTT (ms) and avg exe (ms)? avg exe for writes is 72 seconds(!) -- would you say this is abnormal and, if so, how do I go about troubleshooting this further? I'm using NFS over TCP. Both the client and the server are on the same GigE LAN.

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• Should websites live in /var/ or /usr/ according to recommended usage?

  - by nbolton

  According to a guide on the Linux directory structure, /usr/ is for application files, and /var/ is for files that change (I assume this means "files that belong to the applications"). Is this correct? If this is the case then I'm a little torn between using either. A website is an application (if it's dynamic, so to speak), but in other cases it is just a collection of files used by Apache. The default www dir lives in /var/www/, so should we follow suit by using /var/websites/ (or something similar), or choose /usr/websites/ since they could be applications? This is a very trivial question, but it's bugging me nonetheless. For our case, I'm leaning toward /usr/web or something like that, since our websites are all applications. Update: This is for our company websites; it's not a shared hosting server, so we don't need to worry about separating them in /home/ or anything like that.

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• Can't find my.cnf on my VPS

  - by dan

  Ok i am a total noob when it comes to servers (but eager to learn). I am renting a VPS so i can host a magento store. The VPS is using Centos5 and DirectAdmin and XEN virtualization. I've read a bit about how to optimize magento and one suggestion is to edit 'my.cnf'. However i can't find this file anywhere from within DirectAdmin. I also can't connect to the VPS via console as my host has a console access via their website but it won't let me enter my root password it just hangs...(how do people normally connected to their linux VPS?) Please help? ThankYou.

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• iptables forwarding between two interface

  - by broody

  So I have a linux box with two wireless interfaces, one is a station and the other an AP. wlan0 (station) - Connected to the internet connection wlan1 (AP) - Other clients connect to it. I would like for clients connected to wlan1 to be able to access the internet on wlan0. And I'd like to do this with iptables as my kernel doesn't have bridging support... Here's what I've tried so far with iptables but it's not working: iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o wlan1 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan1 -o wlan0 -j ACCEPT I'd appreciate any help.

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• Running SQL*Plus with bash causes wrong encoding

  - by Petr Mensik

  I have a problem with running SQL*Plus in the bash. Here is my code #!/bin/bash #curl http://192.168.168.165:8080/api_test/xsql/f_exp_order_1016.xsql > script.sql wget -O script.sql 192.168.168.165:8080/api_test/xsql/f_exp_order_1016.xsql set NLS_LANG=_.UTF8 sqlplus /nolog << ENDL connect login/password set sqlblanklines on start script.sql exit <<endl I download the insert statements from our intranet, put it into sql file and run it through SQL*Plus. This is working fine. My problem is that when I save the file script.sql my encoding goes wrong. All special characters(like íášc) are broken and that's causing inserting wrong characters into my DB. Encoding of that file is UTF-8, also UTF-8 is set on the XSQL page on our intranet. So I really don't know where could be a problem. And also any advices regarding to my script are welcomed, I am total newbie in Linux scripting:-)

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• Fix superblock size after dd?

  - by TreyK

  I've recently installed Linux Mint 11, and somehow my partition table ended up so that both it and the unallocated space for Windows 7 were inside an extended partition, which Windows didn't like when I tried to install. So, because I had spent a few hours configuring Mint already, I backed it up to my external hard drive using dd. I have restored it to the new partition I made for Mint, but new the partition isn't the same size as the one I dd'd from, so I'm getting yelled at for having a bad superblock size. Is there any way that I can fix this while keeping the new, smaller partition? -Trey

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• Apache Prefork Configuration

  - by user1618606

  I'm newbie on VPS configuration. So, I've installed apache, php and mysql and now I need to know how to configure Prefork to optimize Apache. The system configuration is: CPU Cores 2 x 2 Ghz @ 4 Ghz RAM Memory 2304 MB DDR3 Burst Memory 3 GB DDR3 Disk Space 30 GB SSD Bandwidth 3 TB SwitchPort 1 Gbps Actually, after linux, mysql, apache and php, there are 250 MB memory in use. Well, I don't have idea to calculate. I saw in some websistes, some vars like: KeepAlive On KeepAliveTimeout 1 MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 StartServers 15 MinSpareServers 15 MaxSpareServers 15 MaxClients 20 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 or StartServers 2 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 How I could to do: Prefork or worker? Where and how the vars are placed? In httpd.conf?

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• Apache Prefork Configuration

  - by user1618606

  I'm newbie on VPS configuration. So, I've installed apache, php and mysql and now I need to know how to configure Prefork to optimize Apache. The system configuration is: CPU Cores 2 x 2 Ghz @ 4 Ghz RAM Memory 2304 MB DDR3 Burst Memory 3 GB DDR3 Disk Space 30 GB SSD Bandwidth 3 TB SwitchPort 1 Gbps Actually, after linux, mysql, apache and php, there are 250 MB memory in use. Well, I don't have idea to calculate. I saw in some websistes, some vars like: KeepAlive On KeepAliveTimeout 1 MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 StartServers 15 MinSpareServers 15 MaxSpareServers 15 MaxClients 20 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 or StartServers 2 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 How I could to do: Prefork or worker? Where and how the vars are placed? In httpd.conf?

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• How to enter into BusyBox when booting?

  - by ???

  I have occasionally installed cloud-init package in Ubuntu, which blocks me from booting. Neither recovery mode works. Because cloud-init installed some upstart job configuration. So I want to enter into busybox to remove /etc/init/cloud-init*.conf, but it seems like no way to do it. I can press Ctrl+Alt+SysRq which brings on a rough hack menu, but there is no busybox option. So is it possible? My CDROM is broken so I can't use Live CD too.

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• Ideas for campus Internet Login mechanism?

  - by miCRoSCoPiCeaRthLinG

  Hello, I work at this university and I'm seeking an effective solution for an internet login mechanism. We have a leased-link at our campus, which is shared by both staff & students. All systems (desktops + laptops + handhelds) connect to the internal network via wifi and can then get onto the net. However, a local govt. regulation requires us to keep track of individual internet usage and hence we need a solution (pref. free / opensource) that'll enable us to implement some sort of an authentication mechanism once a user hooks onto the network. One requirement is that the software should be able to authenticate either against LDAP or some other custom user database (MySQL based) or both. Can anyone suggest any such software or mechanism? Most of our servers are Linux based... so something that runs off such a platform will be good. Thanks, m^e

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• configure /etc/hosts file so ALL applications always use local network when it makes sense to do so?

  - by gkdsp

  I have two Linux CentOS servers setup in a local network. ServerA is 192.168.0.1 and serverB is 192.168.0.2. There's an application on serverA that communicates with serverB using host2.serverAname.com. But, the traffic is blocked on serverB because the port being used has a firewall that only allows traffic on the local network to pass. Thus, serverB needs to see traffic from serverA as originating from 192.168.0.1 (instead of host2.serverA.com). Is there a way I can configure the /etc/hosts file to ensure traffic always sent between the two servers uses local IP addresses, regardless of what hostname is in use, and for ALL applications? If so, could someone walk me through an example? I only have 2 servers, so the simpler the better.

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• Out of disk space on 4GB partiton yet it's only using 2GB

  - by Camsoft

  I'm running Ubuntu and have had a problem where the root partition has run out of disk space. When I perform df -h I get the following: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda6 4.6G 4.5G 0 100% / Yet there are only 2GB of files actually using up this partition. I then ran the following df -i and I get the following: Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/sda6 305824 118885 186939 39% / I have no idea what the -i flag does but it clearly shows that only 39% is used. Can anyone explain where my disk space has gone?

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• How does copy protection work?

  - by Yar

  Many programs refuse to go beyond a trial period. Even if they are trashed and then reinstalled, they 'remember' that the trial period has expired. Assuming no contact with a licensing server, what is the general way that most copy protection works? Do programs drop files in random folders on the hard disk that are hard to track down? I know there's no registry on OSX/Linux, but perhaps something similar... ? Or must it be a file/folder? I'm actually not curious from a hacking side but rather from the implementation side, but in any case the question is basically the same.

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• Deploying web services on a RHEL 5 box using Apache/Tomcat/Axis/Java.

  - by Deepak Konidena

  Hi, I am new to the Web services scene. I currently have access to a RHEL5 box and i need to deploy a java web service on it. It runs apache and i know this because i have a website hosted on this machine. Now, i want to deploy a web service on to this website to be able to just pass a link to someone when they need to access my web service. Could someone point out a resource or explain what all i need to get the webservice deployed using Tomcat/Apache Axis and Java. I have done this on Windows (hosted on localhost) but couldn't quite figure out things on linux. Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks. Deepak.

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• Single sign-on for intranet?

  - by Jason Swett

  I'm trying to set up a single sign-on for my intranet. I've found a couple solutions online but I'm not sure if they apply to my particular situation. I have several subdomains on the same server. One level of user should be able to access all subdomains and another level of user should only be able to access some subdomains. Signing into one subdomain should make it so you don't have to log into any others. Can anyone point me in the right direction? I'm on Ubuntu using Apache.

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• How to rename files in a folder using the ls command output as a pipe ?

  - by user1179459

  I am using GNU/Linux and BASH shell, What i wanted to do is in server is to i need to be able to download the files stating with B* and D* and then rename them to ~B* and ~D*(same file name just ~ in-front) i wrote following which works fine for the downloading part ideally i would like it to use ls command output as well but dont know how to do that. cd inbox get D* get B* ls B*|rename $0 ~B.* bye Any idea ? ideally what i would like to do is ls command to send the list of files one by one to the get command and then the once the get command is completed i want rename command executed renaming the server files

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• XFS and loss of data when power goes down

  - by culebrón

  Each time electricity goes down, my desktop (without UPS) loses some temporary information. Opera can lose settings, history, cache, or mail accounts (Thanks heavens I was wise to use IMAP). Partially or all together. a whole file (complete and save) in Geany appeared empty (and I didn't commit it to Git) rhythmbox lost all podcasts subscription data I'm afraid there are other losses I just didn't see. What's the reason? A memory files cache, a mem-disk? Or non-atomic file writes in xfs? I have Ubuntu 9.10 and XFS on both / and /home partitions. Is ext4 safer in such circumstances? I've seen ext3 is faster. Is it as safe as *4? Given that the apartment I rent is connected to a common bus and 1 safety switch for several apartments, and the neighbors - alone or together - overload it at least once every week, the lights go down often enough for this to be an issue.

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• Clients not recognizing secondary LDAP groups?

  - by Nick

  I'm having an issue where users who are members of secondary groups in LDAP are not being recognized as members of that group by the client. In this case, user jdoe is not being recognized as a member of the projects group. On the client, getent group shows: projects:*:20001:1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006 and getent passwd shows: jdoe:x:1003:10003:John Doe:/home/jdoe:/bin/bash But if I log in to the client as jdoe, and run id, I get: uid=1003(jdoe) gid=10003(jdoe) groups=24(cdrom),25(floppy),29(audio),44(video),46(plugdev),10003(jdoe) It recognizes jdoe's primary group, and the secondary groups that are appended by the client to all LDAP users, but the LDAP secondary groups are not in the list. We can see that jdoe's id is in the projects group, so why is the projects group not showing when jdoe runs the id command? The group objects are basic posixGroup entries, with a memberUid attribute for each of its members. We are using OpenLDAP on Ubuntu 10.04 server and clients.

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• Available Instance types for marketplace ami's

  - by Christian

  I based my autoscaling AMI's on the Turnkey Linux nginx AMI from the marketplace. I am now unable to select any of the newer generation instance types; for instance, my autoscaling uses m3.large type but I'd really like it to use the c3.xlarge type but every time I try to create a c3.xlarge instance with my AMI I get errors; The instance configuration for this AWS Marketplace product is not supported. My question is; Can I override this? I'm not using TKL support or any of their services, just the AMI. If I can't override it, do I have any other options besides creating a brand new AMI from scratch to use?

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• adding keyboard shortcuts for OSX terminal or xterm

  - by I J

  Is there a way to add a keyboard shortcut for a terminal command in OSX. Basically most of the times i open the terminal app in MAC in order to ssh into a certain server foo. What I want to do is add a keyboard shortcut (say ^k) so that on a terminal when I do that, it runs "ssh foo" in the terminal. Thanks PS: I think if there is something for the xterm in linux then it should work for the terminal too. So this might not be an OSX specific question. PS2: I want the shortcut to do carriage return with the "ssh foo". If its just "ssh foo", then I can write an alias in .bashrc. My goal is to minimize the number of keystrokes I've to do at the end of the day.

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• Syntax error in apc.ini: unexpected '='

  - by Ashley

  I installed APC on Ubuntu 10.04 and it seems to be working fine but I'm seeing this error in my Apache error.log: PHP: syntax error, unexpected '=' in /etc/php5/apache2/conf.d/apc.ini on line 2 The contents of the file are: cat /etc/php5/apache2/conf.d/apc.ini extension=apc.so apc.enabled="1" apc.shm_segments="1" apc.shm_size="192" apc.num_files_hint="1024" And I have also tried it without the quotes (") around the values and get the same error. I've looked at loads of the tutorials on installing APC that mention apc.ini and they all seem to use one of the two syntax formats I have tried. I'd appreciate any ideas. Update: This still causes it: cat /etc/php5/apache2/conf.d/apc.ini extension='apc.so' apc.enabled='1' apc.shm_segments='1' apc.shm_size='192' apc.num_files_hint='1024' I changed to: cat /etc/php5/apache2/conf.d/apc.ini extension=apc.so and it still happens (there's no line 2 in the file now!) I'm assuming a /etc/init.d/apache2 reload will be sufficient to read the new config, is that my mistake?

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• Is that possible to route all mails sent to a mailbox to another server's mailbox

  - by Chau Chee Yang

  I have a Linux server that has local mail service. There are few user accounts on this server. User may send the mail to each other but that only restrict to LAN environment only. For example, I may # mail user1 to send mail to user1. User are not able to send mail to public. Some service like hylafax using this local mail service to send notification of fax status. I don't want to manage and maintain local mail service anymore. I have subscribed a package from ISP to host a public domain of my own. I wish to have my hylafax service to able to send the notification mails to public mail server, is that possible to do it? It is great if all mails that send to local mail server may forward to public mail server. That makes the local mail service serve mail forward only.

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• openwrt uses a single interface bridge?

  - by timbo

  My understanding of bridging is that it ties together two interfaces at layer 2. I am looking at a Ubiquiti Nanostation2 running OpenWRT that has an ethernet port 'eth0' and a wifi port 'ath0'. The ethernet port (the 'wan' port) is not part of the bridge and the bridge is just a single interface. Can anyone clarify this? - seems very different to Ubuntu. /etc/config/network: config 'interface' 'loopback' option 'ifname' 'lo' option 'proto' 'static' option 'ipaddr' '127.0.0.1' option 'netmask' '255.0.0.0' config 'interface' 'wan' option 'ifname' 'eth0' option 'proto' 'dhcp' config 'interface' 'wifi' option 'ipaddr' '192.168.13.1' option 'type' 'bridge' option 'proto' 'static' option 'netmask' '255.255.255.0' option 'ifname' 'wifi0'

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• For virtual machines, when SMP is available on the host, should guest also have SMP setup?

  - by supercheetah

  I'm trying to find out the best "bang for my buck" so to speak in regards to virtual machines, and SMP. I have an Intel Core 2 Duo, which of course has two cores and the VT extensions, and I'm running Ubuntu Linux (host) on it with VirtualBox, which has Windows Vista (guest). Currently I've got the guest machine setup for two processors to give Windows a chance to manage its own parallelism, but I'm not certain that it's any faster. I've tried it with just one processor, but it's hard to tell if it's any better. Any thoughts? Should the guest have two processors setup?

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