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• Understanding the Linux Root

  - by Zac

  I've been using Linux (Ubuntu) for about 2 weeks now and am still struggling with some basic concept surrounding the root user: (1) Some terminal operations (such as making subdirectories inside a FHS directory such as /opt) require me to prefix the command with sudo - why? I guess what I'm choking on is: if I'm already logged in as a valid system user, why do I have to be a superuser/root in order to modify things that the sysadmin has already deemed me worthy of accessing? (2) Is there a GUI (Gnome, KDE) equivalent to sudo? Is there a way to assume a superuser role through a graphical context, rather than from inside a new shell? (3) I can't access the /root directory logged in as myself... but I installed the system to begin with and was never asked to create a root account! How do I log in as root and gain access to /root?!? Thanks for all feedback & input!

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• Email bouces to tell me it was delivered?

  - by flamey

  I get this back after sending an email. It says "Your message was successfully delivered", then why do I even get this? Or this phrase referes to something else? Reporting-MTA: dns; gmmr6.centrum.cz X-Postfix-Queue-ID: CDBBB8016CE1 X-Postfix-Sender: rfc822; [SENDER_EMAIL] Arrival-Date: Sat, 5 Mar 2011 22:04:41 +0100 (CET) Final-Recipient: rfc822; [RECIPIENT_EMAIL] Original-Recipient: rfc822;[RECIPIENT_EMAIL] Action: delivered Status: 2.0.0 Diagnostic-Code: X-Postfix; delivery via maildaemon: OK This is the mail system at host gmmr6.centrum.cz. Your message was successfully delivered to the destination(s) listed below. If the message was delivered to mailbox you will receive no further notifications. Otherwise you may still receive notifications of mail delivery errors from other systems. The mail system <[RECIPIENT_EMAIL]>;: delivery via maildaemon: OK

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• How can I sign my server with an SSL certificate

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have a dedicated server and I want to use one domain name for default entrance to the system. My system is Apache 2 on CentOS 5.4. Lets says the domain name is mydomain.com. I have also bought an SSL certificate and installed it to work with this default domain. Still when I restart Apache I get the following error message: [Sat May 01 02:21:22 2010] [warn] RSA server certificate is a CA certificate (BasicConstraints: CA == TRUE !?) [Sat May 01 02:21:22 2010] [warn] RSA server certificate CommonName (CN) `mydomain.com' does NOT match server name!? Does anyone have an idea how I can remove this message. I have the server, domain name, and ssl key.

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• Restoring the exact state of a linux install to a different laptop with different sized drives and other hardware

  - by user259774

  I have an IBM running a Manjaro install that has already been used and settled into, with packages installed, browser profiles, etc, etc. The drive is 60gb, and it has a swap partition and an ext4 root partition. I need to move this profile to a Toshiba computer with a 320gb drive. How should I go about this? My inclination would be to shut down the toshiba, boot a live linux system, dd the whole 60gb drive to a file, boot the toshiba to a live system, then dd the file to its 320gb drive. Would this work? I know that it wouldn't with windows, but I believe this is an artificially imposed limitation from Microsoft. Is this correct, or is Linux similarly limited? If not, how could I go about this? Would clonezilla work, or would the hardware disparities prevent it from working?

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• HP MSR 30-10a Router - Route Traffic over Default Route

  - by SteadH

  We have a brand new HP MSR 30-10a Router. We have a fairly simple routing situation - we have two IP blocks, one which has a route out. We need things on the first block to go through the router, and out. I have an old Cisco 2801 router doing the job right now. For our example - IP Block 1: 50.203.110.232/29, Router interface on this block is 50.203.110.237, route out is 50.203.110.233. IP Block 2: 50.202.219.1/27, Router interface on this block at 50.202.219.20. I have a static route created for: 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 50.203.110.233 The router seems to understand this. When on the CLI via serial cable, I can ping 8.8.8.8 and hear responses from Google DNS. Woo hoo! The issue arrives when any client sits on the IP Block 2 side. I configured my client with a static IP of 50.202.219.15/27, default gateway 50.202.219.20. I can ping myself. I can ping the near side of the router (50.202.219.20), and I can ping the far side of the router (50.203.110.237. I cannot ping anything else in IP block 1, nor can I ping 8.8.8.8. Here is my configuration file: <HP>display current-configuration # version 5.20.106, Release 2507, Standard # sysname HP # domain default enable system # dar p2p signature-file flash:/p2p_default.mtd # port-security enable # undo ip http enable # password-recovery enable # vlan 1 # domain system access-limit disable state active idle-cut disable self-service-url disable # user-group system group-attribute allow-guest # local-user admin password cipher $c$3$40gC1cxf/wIJNa1ufFPJsjKAof+QP5aV authorization-attribute level 3 service-type telnet # cwmp undo cwmp enable # interface Aux0 async mode flow link-protocol ppp # interface Cellular0/0 async mode protocol link-protocol ppp # interface Ethernet0/0 port link-mode route ip address 50.203.110.237 255.255.255.248 # interface Ethernet0/1 port link-mode route ip address 50.202.219.20 255.255.255.224 # interface NULL0 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 50.203.110.233 permanent # load xml-configuration # load tr069-configuration # user-interface tty 12 user-interface aux 0 user-interface vty 0 4 authentication-mode scheme # My guess right now is there is some sort of "permission" needed to use the default route. The manuals haven't turned up a lot in this area that don't make the situation much more complicated (but maybe it needs to be more complicated?) Background: we use HP switches, and I love the CLI. I bought HP thinking the command line interface would be similar, or at least speak the same language. Whoops! I'd be happy to provide more information or perform any additional tests. Thanks in advance! Update 1: The manual mentions routing rules. I hadn't previously added these (since our Cisco 2801 seems to route anything by default). I added: ip ip-prefix 1 permit 0.0.0.0 0 less-equal 32 alas, still no dice.

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• Flash not Working in Google Chrome for Mac

  - by Blakeasd

  Flash has randomly stopped working in Google Chrome for Mac. All that appears is a white flash then nothing. I can hear sound, and when I right click on where Flash is supposed to be I see the Flash Player options. I have completely reinstalled Chrome, including deleting all of its support files. I reinstalled my system flash and tried making Chrome use my system flash, but nothing works. Flash is fine in Safari, but not in Chrome. How do I fix this? I am running the latest Google Chrome Dev build (21.0.1171.0) and Mac OS X 10.7.4 . Thanks!

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• force other screen on boot

  - by PaoloFCantoni

  I have a multi-boot Windows 7 (32bit & 64 bit) on my HP Notebook. Unfortunately, the Notebook screen has been trashed (due to daughter dropping it). So I have attached a second screen. On the 64 bit system, after windows has started, the logon screen comes up on the 2nd monitor just fine. On the 32 bit system, the logon screen still comes up on the Notebook monitor and I have to open the lid, and shut it so that it then switches to the attached screen. In both cases the display has been set to only display on the attached screen (ie if I "identify" the attached screen says: '1'). Is there any setting I can use to force the OS to use the attached screen? TIA, Paolo

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• How to set User Tile image Windows Server 2012?

  - by moontear

  I found this nice article of how to add a user tile image via code: http://joco.name/2010/12/06/i-discovered-the-new-windows-user-tile-api/ This is also explained in depth here: http://msitpros.com/?p=1036 I have problems with doing this in Windows Server 2012. Whenever I run the code: using System; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; namespace FejesJoco { class Program { [DllImport("shell32.dll", EntryPoint = "#262", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, PreserveSig = false)] public static extern void SetUserTile(string username, int whatever, string picpath); [STAThread] static void Main(string[] args) { SetUserTile(args[0], 0, args[1]); } } } I get an exception: Error HRESULT E_FAIL has been returned from a call to a COM component. Can anyone get this to work and add a user tile image via code?

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• Moving from Analogue PBX to digital VoIP?

  - by saint

  I don't even know if this belongs here?. If not, do let me know. So we have an analogue Alkatel PABX system in our little office. We have extensions, direct lines and PBX lines. We are trying to move to a more digital/flexible way of handling the phones and I've heard good things about FreeSwitch. I have zero knowledge about it. My biggest question is how would one handle existing phone lines with such a system. Surely there must be a way to make and receive calls from outside. Just a help in the right direction would be fine. Thanks.

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• Can't set acl for afs even though i'm in the right group

  - by Torandi

  I've got a dir that i've lost controll over in an afs system. According to the system adminstrators my adminin subgroup (dsekt:admin) got rlidwka on the dir. I'm a member of this group (and i can list the members of the group and see my nick there) though I can't set the acl's for the dir. The pts: $pts membership dsekt:admin Members of dsekt:admin (id: -6813) are: /.../ taran And my klist. $>klist Credentials cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_56782 Principal: [email protected] Both dsekt:admin and the dir is on the NADA.KTH.SE node.

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• ITIL Incident Classification - Fault vs SR vs Technical Incident

  - by ExceptionLimeCat

  I am new to ITIL and Incident classifcations and I am trying learn more about them and understand how they could integrate in our organization. I have found it difficult to find a clear definition of Fault vs. Service Request vs. Technical incidents. I am basing my definitions on this article: http://www.itsmsolutions.com/newsletters/DITYvol6iss27.htm As I understand it: Service Request - Service provided by IT as part of regular administration of a system. Fault - An unexpected error in a system. Technical Incident - An interruption or potential interruption in IT service due to an expected incident caused by some IT policy.

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• Postfix tutorial inconsistency

  - by Desmond Hume

  I'm following this tutorial to setup a Postfix/Dovecot mail server with Postfix Admin as a web front end. As regards directory structure for virtual mail users, the author of the tutorial writes: Virtual mail users are those that do not exist as Unix system users. They thus don't use the standard Unix methods of authentication or mail delivery and don't have home directories. That is how we are managing things here: mail users are defined in the database created by Postfix Admin rather than existing as system users. Mail will be kept in subfolders per domain and account under /var/vmail - e.g. [email protected] will have a mail directory of /var/vmail/example.com/me. But when he gives instructions about configuring Postfix Admin, he suggests this to be contained by Postfix Admin's config.inc.php: // Mailboxes // If you want to store the mailboxes per domain set this to 'YES'. // Examples: // YES: /usr/local/virtual/domain.tld/[email protected] // NO: /usr/local/virtual/[email protected] $CONF['domain_path'] = 'NO'; Is there an inconsistency?

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• Fedora12 Slow USB 2.0 Write Speed, ehci_hcd module is missing

  - by MA1

  I am using Fedora 12, the problem I am facing is USB 2.0 write speed. I have a dual boot system with Windows XP and Fedora 12. USB 2.0 write speed in Windows XP is much faster then what I am getting in Fedora 12. After searching Google I came to know that ehci_hcd module is missing/not present in my system. ehci_hcd module is neither loaded nor it is present in the available list of modules. Can someone guide me how to fix this issue? Does ehci_hcd have something to do with USB 2.0 write speed? Do I have to recompile the kernel and add/enable the ehci_hcd module?

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• tacacs+ integrated with LDAP or database. Which is better?

  - by chingupt

  We are setting up TACACS+ in our network which is a mix of Cisco AP's and other brands. However we have a centralized managemnet system which allows our customers to configure services. Hence we would like to setup a tacacs+ server integrated with some central system. We have two options: Integrate with a central Database server which stores the user configuration. OR Integrate with a LDAP Server. Which is a better solution? Can you please suggest the pros and cons of using LDAP or Database? TIA Sachin

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• Ubuntu: Run X server on a remote server

  - by becomingGuru

  How to configure X server on the remote system.

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• Is it possible to install Windows 8 on the SanDisk ReadyCache 32GB SSD drive?

  - by halil ibrahim

  I bought the SanDisk ReadyCache 32GB SSD drive this week. I didn't know about the caching stuff and thought that I would be able to install Windows 8 on it. Now I'm using it as a cache drive with the ExpressCache software. But I wonder if it is possible to use this SSD as a primary system drive with an operating system installed on it. I've tried to format the disk via Windows Disc Manager Tool, but the format option is disabled. Only delete and information options are allowed. Can you help me with this?

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• Can't create a registry key under Eventlog and I am in administrators group

  - by Tony_Henrich

  I am troubleshooting an installer problem where it's giving an error writing to a registry key. So when I use the Registry Editor (regedit) to create the same key under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Eventlog, I get a "Cannot create key: Error writing to the registry". Looking at the permissions, administrators have full access and I am a member of that group. I can create entries in other areas in the registry. When I try to take ownership, I see my name already listed. But then I get an error "Unable to set new owner on Eventlog. Insufficient system resources exist to complete the requested service". I tried after a new reboot. I turned off my firewall (Comodo). Why can't I create a new key when I am an admin and permissions indicate I have full control?

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• Networking not working in Windows 7 - "The account specified for this service is different from the account specified for other services"

  - by tog22

  I have a homebuilt computer with a GA-Z68MA-D2H-B3 motherboard with a Realtek RTL8111E LAN chip. Ethernet was working fine in Windows 7 until I reinstalled this OS, but now it's stopped, while still working in other OSes. I've tried reinstalling drivers from both the Gigabyte and Realtek sites to no avail; I've also plugged in and installed an Asus USB-N13 wifi dongle and this doesn't work oddly. How can I diagnose and fix this issue? In 'Network and Sharing Center' says "The account specified for this service is different from the account specified for other services running in the same process" under the heading 'Unknown'. Following the advice at http://www.sevenforums.com/network-sharing/130159-dependency-service-group-failed-start.html#post1122627 I've gone to 'Control Panel= Admin Tools= Services' and ensured the services listed at that URL are started (one - IIRC 'Come+ Event System' refused to start as user 'Local services' so I've had to set it to log on with the 'Local system account'... I suspect this may be part of the problem).

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• Strange strace and setuid behaviour: permission denied under strace, but not running normally.

  - by Autopulated

  This is related to this question. I have a script (fix-permissions.sh) that fixes some file permissions: #! /bin/bash sudo chown -R person:group /path/ sudo chmod -R g+rw /path/ And a small c program to run this, which is setuided: #include "sys/types.h" #include "unistd.h" int main(){ setuid(geteuid()); return system("/path/fix-permissions.sh"); } Directory: -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 7228 Feb 19 17:33 fix-permissions -rwx--x--x 1 root root 112 Feb 19 13:38 fix-permissions.sh If I do this, everything seems fine, and the permissions do get correctly fixed: james $ sudo su someone-else someone-else $ ./fix-permissions but if I use strace, I get: someone-else $ strace ./fix-permissions /bin/bash: /path/fix-permissions.sh: Permission denied It's interesting to note that I get the same permission denied error with an identical setup (permissions, c program), but a different script, even when not using strace. Is this some kind of heureustic magic behaviour in setuid that I'm uncovering? How should I figure out what's going on? System is Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS, Linux 2.6.32.26-kvm-i386-20101122 #1 SMP

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• Passing all traffic through Cloudflare

  - by Nick

  I am new to Linux System Administration and I am experimenting with iptables trying to learn how to really lock down a system with them. And one thing a friend of mine recommended was that there was a way to pass all incoming traffic through Cloudflare so even if attackers resolved the server ip they still couldn't (D)dos it directly. This is exactly what they said: "Simply config your servers iptables to only allow incoming connections from CloudFlares IP ranges then set it to allow only your IP/IP range to connect on port 21 (SSH)" Could someone help me on what command I'd need to run for Ubuntu to get this effect?

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• routing wiredness - traceroute 'vanishes' en route

  - by The Journeyman geek

  I'm attempting to set up one of my boxes as a server (again), but i'm having some odd connection issues- the box itself connects fine to the internet, but trying to connect to my external ip address seems to result in the trace getting 'lost' partway. http://pastebin.com/HCQAGbvn - this is a traceroute from another system that's connected to another ISP - starhub is my own one, while i have another system that i have access to on singtel. I'm wondering if my ISP is messing around with routing, or is something very odd going on. As you note, the traceroute dosen't reach me, but if it helps, i use a dd-wrt router.

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• Looking for a Software to harden Windows machines

  - by MosheH

  I'm a network administrator of a small/medium network. I'm looking for a software (Free or Not) which can harden Windows Computers (XP And Win7) for the propose of hardening standalone desktop computers (not in domain network). Note: The computers are completely isolated (standalone), so i can't use active directory group policy. moreover, there are too many restriction that i need to apply, so it is not particle to set it up manual (one by one). Basically what I’m looking for is a software that can restrict and disable access for specific user accounts on the system. For Example: User john can only open one application and nothing else -- He don’t see no icon on the desktop or start menu, except for one or two applications which i want to allow. He can't Right click on the desktop, the task-bar icons are not shown, there is no folder options, etc... User marry can open a specific application and copy data to one folder on D drive. User Dan, have access to all drives but cannot install software, and so on... So far ,I've found only the following solutions, but they all seems to miss one or more feature: Desktop restriction Software 1. Faronics WINSelect The application seems to answer most of our needs except one feature which is very important to us but seems to be missing from WINSelect, which is "restriction per profile". WINSelect only allow to set up restrictions which are applied system-wide. If I have multiple user accounts on the system and want to apply different restrictions for each user, I cant. Deskman (No Restriction per user)- Same thing, no restriction per profile. Desktop Security Rx - not relevant, No Win7 Support. The only software that I've found which is offering a restriction per profile is " 1st Security Agent ". but its GUI is very complicated and not very intuitive. It's worth to mention that I'm not looking for "Internet Kiosk software" although they share some features with the one I need. All I need is a software (like http://www.faronics.com/standard/winselect/) that is offering a way to restrict Windows user interface. So IF anybody know an Hardening software which allows to set-up user restrictions on Windows systems, It will be a big, big, big help for me! Thanks to you all

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• How to open embedded Visio files with only Visio Viewer?

  - by Christopher Galpin

  For some bizarre reason Visio Viewer seems incapable of opening vsd files when they're embedded within a (2010) Excel document: However if I open the Excel document with 7-zip, browse to xl\embeddings, extract oleObject1.bin and rename it to a .vsd file extension it opens perfectly fine with Visio Viewer in Internet Explorer. Since this opens fine on a computer with the full Visio installed, my guess is it's trying to launch Visio rather than IE. Is there something I can do to fix this? I've been scanning with Process Monitor and searching with RegScanner comparing a Visio-installed system to a VisioViewer-installed system and there doesn't actually seem to be any sort of registry value giving direction here... maybe it's just the nature of OLE. (If it can't be fixed I'm okay with converting the extracted one to a .png or so to replace the embedded object, but the "solutions" I've found for vsd to image conversion are very poor or non-working, i.e. buggy code, code with Visio dependencies, or online services.)

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• Hardware upgrade: Windows 7 bluescreens, Vista loads

  - by Daniel Schaffer

  I just did a fairly significant hardware upgrade while keeping my hard disks. The old system was a dell Optiplex 745 with an Intel Core 2 duo, LGA 775. The new system is custom built, Intel i5 750. I know you're supposed to do a clean install with a hardware upgrade like this, but I'd had success in the past doing the stealth hardware upgrade like this, so I figured I'd give it a shot. Windows 7 Ultimate 64 bit gets through the loading screen and immediately blue screens and reboots. Windows Vista Home Premium 32-bit, which I have on an old hard drive from an AMD box (!!) loads up fine. I ran through the windows memory checker just to be sure, and my memory is fine. So, is the BSOD the result of some sort of protection mechanism specific to Windows 7? Is there any hope of salvaging that install?

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• Virtual PC - Display Issue with Ubuntu Server

  - by Christopher R

  Hi Everyone, I just did a clean install of Ubuntu Server 9.04 in Virtual PC on the Windows 7 RC, and it seems to be having a bit of an issue with the virtual machine's display adapter. I've tried setting a VGA flag in the GRUB configuration to no avail. This is a guess, but I think it has something to do with the color console mode that gets enabled by default at boot time. The system starts booting just fine (i.e. the console looks "normal" when I'm asked to enter an LVM passphrase, etc.), but then the display goes wonky after a few seconds and I end up with this. Typing commands in bash works just fine: it's not like the system is frozen or anything, I just can't see anything that I type. The console looks exactly the way it does in the image below.

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