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• How do I enable SELinux when booting a ramdisk from a CD/DVD?

  - by JeffG

  I have a bootable DVD which boots the same Kernel as the Hard Drive (which uses SELinux). I have copied /etc/selinux and all kernel modules to my ramdisk, and have tried various combinations of selinux=1 and selinux 1 with enforcing 1 and enforcing 0. as Kernel boot parameters. All files contained in the checkpolicy, libselinux, policycoreutils, selinux-policy and selinux-policy-targeted rpms have also been copied into the ramdisk tree. After the system boots from the ramdisk, I check dmesg: % dmesg | grep -i selinux Kernel command line: initrd=idrd.img ramdisk_size=110476 selinux=1 SELinux: Initializing. SELinux: Starting in permissive mode selinux_register_security: Registering secondary module capability SElinux: Registering netfilter hooks But SELinux isn't running: % /usr/sbin/getenforce Disabled % /usr/sbin/setenforce 1 /usr/sbin/setenforce: SELinux is disabled Neither /var/log/messages nor /proc/kmsg hold clues.

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• How to make Linux reliably boot on multi-cpu machines?

  - by Adam Tabi

  I've got two machines, one with 4x12 AMD Opteron cores (AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 6176), one with 2x8 Xeon cores (HT disabled; Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2660 0 @ 2.20GHz). On both machines I experience difficulties during boot of Linux using recent kernels. The system hangs during the initialization of the kernel, before or just when initramfs started initializing the hardware. The last thing which got displayed was a stacktrace like this: CPU: 31 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/31 Tainted: G D 3.11.6-hardened #11 Hardware name: Supermicro X9DRT-HF+/X9DRT-HF+, BIOS 3.00 07/08/2013 task: ffff880854695500 ti: ffff880854695a28 task.ti: ffff880854695a28 RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8100a82e>] [<ffffffff8100a82e>] default_idle+0x6/0xe RSP: 0000:ffff8808546b3ec8 EFLAGS: 00000286 RAX: ffffffff8100a828 RBX: ffff880854695a28 RCX: 00000000ffffffff RDX: 0100000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff88107fdec690 RBP: ffff8808546b3ec8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffff880854695500 R10: ffff880854695500 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: ffff880854695a28 R13: ffff880854695a28 R14: ffff880854695a28 R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88107fde0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 000002b43256a960 CR3: 00000000016b5000 CR4: 00000000000607f0 Stack: ffff8808546b3ed8 ffffffff8100aec9 ffff8808546b3f10 ffffffff8109ce25 334ab55852ec7aef 000000000000001f ffffffff8102d6c0 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 ffff8808546b3f48 ffffffff810276e0 ffff8808546b3f28 Call Trace: [<ffffffff8100aec9>] arch_cpu_idle+0x20/0x2b [<ffffffff8109ce25>] cpu_startup_entry+0xed/0x138 [<ffffffff8102d6c0>] ? flat_init_apic_ldr+0x80/0x80 [<ffffffff810276e0>] start_secondary+0x2c9/0x2f8 I compiled the kernel myself and it works fine, if I boot with nolapic. Yet, only one core is used. Also, the kernel of RHEL6 seems to work fine. I suspect that there are some patches used to make things work. Using the kernel config file from RHEL6 and building a more recent kernel yields the same problems. On the Xeon machine, things got better by disabling Hyperthreading completely. The machine now boots successfully on at least 4 out of 5 times. And if it boots, multicore stuff works just fine. However, I'm wondering about what to do about the AMD machine. So to sum it up: Gentoo kernel 3.6 - 3.11 won't reliably boot those machines unless you reduce the amount of cores (e.g. via nolapic). RHEL6 kernel (which is 2.6.32) boots just fine. RH kernel config used to build a 3.x kernel won't yield a working kernel. Not distribution specific (apart from the kernel being used). These stack traces got printed every minute or so. The kernel seems to be stuck in an endless loop. Yet, a recent kernel is needed for various reasons. So the question is: What does the RHEL6 kernel do, what vanilla or gentoo kernels don't do? Is there a boot option that might lead to a reliable boot with all the cores enabled? Best, Adam

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• How do I enable SELinux when booting from a CD/DVD?

  - by JeffG

  I have a bootable DVD which boots the same Kernel as the Hard Drive (which uses SELinux). I have copied /etc/selinux and all the kernel modules to my ramdisk, and have tried both selinux=1 and selinux 1 as Kernel boot parameters. After the system boots, I check dmesg: % dmesg | grep -i selinux Kernel command line: initrd=idrd.img ramdisk_size=110476 selinux=1 SELinux: Initializing. SELinux: Starting in permissive mode selinux_register_security: Registering secondary module capability SElinux: Registering netfilter hooks But SELinux isn't running: % /usr/sbin/getenforce Disabled % /usr/sbin/setenforce 1 /usr/sbin/setenforce: SELinux is disabled /var/log/messages does not hold any clues. /proc/kmsg also has nothing

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• Mac OS X: All bootcamp options start Windows

  - by Brian Heylin

  I just installed the latest security update on Mac OS X (installed on 2-10-2010). On restart my Mac booted in Windows 7, which I had installed previously and was set not to boot by default. I tried to restart holding the alt key, and selected the Mac OS X partition, but still the Windows 7 partition boots. It does not matter what partition I choose, Windows 7 always boots. I took a look in the OS X partition and noticed that the admin home folder is empty, or at least Windows is not showing any files there. There is another user on OS X and I can see their files no problem. This has me stumped, has anyone any suggestions for a finding a solution?

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• HP Server bios boot delay

  - by jjrab

  I'm just going to throw this out there in case anyone else has run accross this... I have an HP DL320 G5p that had the motherboard replaced due to a faulty NIC port. After several calls to HP, two motherboard replacements, PCI riser card replacements, Processor replacement, and power supply replacement, the server takes approx. 10 minutes before it boots into the BIOS. It then boots up with no issues. We've run the HP smart start cd and performed the system tests and everything passed. All firmware has also been upgraded to the latest as well. Has anyone else seen this and found a fix? I am still working with HP, but there seems to be a struggle on their part to figure this out, so I'm curious to know if anyone else has experienced this and found a fix - thanks...

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• grub crc error after decompressing linux

  - by w00t

  Hi, I have a debian with a raid1 on it. Both HDDs have bootable flags and grub setup in MBR. If I only start up with sda, linux boots. If I only start up with sdb, grub shows up and says Decompressing Linux... crc error -- System halted I have reinstalled grub a few times now but still nothing. It goes like this: /dev/md0 contains /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 find /boot/grub/stage1 shows (hd0,1) (hd0,1) The line that boots Linux shows: root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.26-1-686 initrd /initrd.img-2.6.26-1-686 This kind of renders my "redundant" array useless. Any clues? update: just to mention, these are 2 different HDDs, sda is 320gb and sdb is 400gb. Both are WD and both have exactly the same partitions, cloned using sfdisk.

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• How to create an UEFI bootable USB stick from an ISO

  - by shiin

  I have an ISO image of my backup solution's recovery cd. When I burn the image to a CD-ROM, I can boot from it in UEFI or normal mode without problems. Unfortunately, this is no solution for my laptop, as it does not have an optical drive. Thus, I tried to create a bootable USB stick that can also boot in UEFI mode, but so far I have not been successful (note that the laptop has UEFI and boots Windows 7 in UEFI mode). So my question is, if anyone knows how I can get said ISO on my USB stick so that it boots as if I would use a CD-ROM?

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• Windows 8 - Ubuntu dual boot

  - by Serkan Özkan

  I bought a new Toshiba s855 notebook with windows 8 preinstalled. Secure boot feature was enabled by default. I installed latest version of ubuntu after disabling secure boot feature(it was not possible to install ubuntu without disabling secure boot). But now when I enable secure boot, the system automatically boots into windows 8, and it boots into ubuntu when I disable secure boot. EasyBCD lists the following boot entries but I can only see Windows 8 in boot menu: Default: Windows 8 Timeout: 7 seconds EasyBCD Boot Device: C:\ Entry #1 Name: Ubuntu BCD ID: {971641cd-304a-11e2-be82-806e6f6e6963} Device: \Device\HarddiskVolume2 Bootloader Path: \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi ... Entry #5 Name: Windows 8 BCD ID: {current} Drive: C:\ Bootloader Path: \windows\system32\winload.efi Any recommendations will be appreciated.

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• Security of BitLocker with no PIN from WinPE?

  - by Scott Bussinger

  Say you have a computer with the system drive encrypted by BitLocker and you're not using a PIN so the computer will boot up unattended. What happens if an attacker boots the system up into the Windows Preinstallation Environment? Will they have access to the encrypted drive? Does it change if you have a TPM vs. using only a USB startup key? What I'm trying to determine is whether the TPM / USB startup key is usable without booting from the original operating system. In other words, if you're using a USB startup key and the machine is rebooted normally then the data would still be protected unless an attacker was able to log in. But what if the hacker just boots the server into a Windows Preinstallation Environment with the USB startup key plugged in? Would they then have access to the data? Or would that require the recovery key? Ideally the recovery key would be required when booted like this, but I haven't seen this documented anywhere.

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• Power supply issue? New Radeon5850's fan runs at full speed and PC doesn't boot.

  - by Kris

  I recently bought a new ASUS EAH5850 graphics board. I installed it a custom PC which had an ASUS p5n-e SLI mobo along with a 500w Thermaltake W0093RU power supply. Sometimes when doing a cold boot the 5850's fan will run at full speed and the PC will not boot. Powering off by holding down the power button and powering back on sometimes remedies the situation and everything boots normally. Warm reboots also never seem to have problems. For some reason though cold boots almost always do. Another issue I notice is that when the PC does boot normally it takes longer (+30 secs) to POST than with my last video card. I flashed the mobo with the latest available BIOS but it had no effect. Is my problem a power issue or incompatible motherboard or something else I'm missing?

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• How do I use memmap to reserve memory on boot?

  - by alexl

  Ive got a laptop with some corrupted ram addresses, so I'm trying to use memmap to reserve them before linux boots up. Ive been trying to use memmap=10M$1024M' as a kernel boot option, but linux crashes (with no errors) and restarts. If I use a different syntax for memmap likememmap=1023M@0M` it boots fine. Do I have to specify a certain size block to reserve or could my kernel version not support reserving memory with memmap? Maybe I'm better off using memmap=exactmap, and if so, could somebody point me to a good faq on how to use it?

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• Can't boot into XP after setting up dual boot with Win 7 vhd.

  - by bebop

  I set up a dual boot for win 7 from vhd on 2 xp machines. One of them everything went fine, and I get the option to choose the os when I turn the machine on. The other was slightly different in that rather than seeing the current OS disk (the one with XP on) as the c:\ when I was setting up windows 7 vhd during install it saw the disk as d:. I didn't think anything of it and went ahead and created a vhd on the d: drive. Now when I turn this machine on, it boots straight to win7 and I never get the option to choose xp. When I look at the boot option in msconfig, I only see Windows 7. How can I go about adding the old XP drive as a boot option at startup again? Edit: Strangely when I rebooted this time (perhaps the first time since I removed the install DVD) it boots to XP. I suppose I'll just have to reinstall windows 7 again in a new vhd...

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• Ubuntu 10.10 and Windows 7 (TrueCrypt) Multi-boot Problems

  - by Samuel Taylor

  I have now been searching days for a solution but have found nothing. I have Ubuntu 10.10 and Windows 7 with TrueCrypt as a multi-boot. It was working fine for a few weeks until I needed to reinstall Ubuntu. If I have the boot flag on the partition where Windows 7 is install (This is where the boot flags was when working before.), it boots fine in to Windows 7 but when pressing Esc it can't find grub2. If I have the boot flag on the partition where Ubuntu is install, it boots fine in to Ubuntu (by pressing Esc or typing the password) but unable to access Windows. I have tried reinstalling TrueCrypt Boot loader and repairing the header but it have no affect. My Partitions: sda1 - Windows 7 Recovery (GRUB2) sda2 - Windows 7 (TrueCrypt Boot Loader) sda3 - Ubuntu 10.10 (/) sda4 - Extended sda5 - Swap sda6 - Ubuntu (/home) Does anyone have any ideas? Thanks Sam

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• Windows 7 strange boot issue

  - by JL

  Recently I installed an SSD drive, its now my primary boot drive (OCZ Vertex Turbo 60GB). I'm running Win 7 (64bit). Now I am not sure exactly where the fault lies, but when I do a restart from within Windows, the computer will boot and enter into the loading windows portion, however won't progress beyond there. My solution is to manually hit the reset switch, and then when it boots it enters into a windows menu that offers a start up repair or start windows normally. I select start windows normally, and then it boots fine. I am not entirely sure why I can't just restart the computer from windows normally though. The SSD drive works perfectly, and not even sure if it is the cause to this problem. Any ideas on this?

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• Computer crashes twice/thrice before booting into windows

  - by Adil Malik

  I need help. i built a PC, and it behaves very strangely. When i press the power button, the lights come on, fan maxes out, HDD spins, bios shows up etc and then it immediately crashes (powers down) before booting into windows. Then it powers on automatically and this time boots correctly. Sometimes there is just one failed boot and sometimes it takes 2 such boots to correctly start the computer. This unexpected shutdown never happens once it has booted in windows, just between the windows logo and bios menu. Any ideas?

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• I set a frequency too high for my monitor. How can I get it back to normal?

  - by ChristianM

  I have a Geforce 8500GT on my PC, and I made the stupid mistake of setting it to a higher frequency than my monitor can manage. It boots up and it shows me this… and that's all. I can't do anything. The thing is that I think this video board is a little broken anyway, because when it boots up i can't see anything until Windows starts loading. But it worked fine after, no problems. I'm on my on-board video board now, and I don't know how to set the frequency back, because when I boot up with the on-board one, it says something like "changing freq" and it goes ok. How can I get the frequency back for the 8500Gt?

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• Boot another OS e.g. Windows *once* on a dual-boot machine

  - by user974312

  I have a dual-boot machine with Windows and Linux on it. It doesn't reside at my hand, instead , it's placed in the datacenter which I have to access remotely. For most of time, I work on Linux. But there is some occasion that I have to use the Windows OS on it. Here is the problem. I hope to do all those following things remotely. Do some magic to Grub. Reboot the machine from Linux. Grub boots Windows. Access Windows remotely. Work done. Reboot the machine from Windows. Grub boots Linux. So I wonder whether I can set the booting target at the next time, for only once? Thanks.

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• Fastest booting Linux ditribution on a live-cd

  - by Avindra Goolcharan

  I'm looking for a linux distro with the following: Boots quickly, as fast as possible. Has expected tools such as file browser, a web browser, etc. Doesn't need to have extraneous recovery stuff such as partition editors, and what not. These are the tools I have and use already: ophcrack Ultimate Boot CD for Windows (UBCD4Win) chntpw (Offline NT Password and Registry Editor) Hiren's BootCD gparted or Parted Magic Ubuntu nubuntu Any and all suggestions are welcome :-) The primary objective is to get a quick booting linux distro that I can grab / delete / move / copy files with. Currently, I prefer using ophcrack, it boots in (relatively) fast and I can manipulate files well. The one that takes the longest is ubuntu of course.

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• PC won't boot, even into bios

  - by divided

  Here's the deal: I cleaned a hard drive of some viruses (externally) and put it back into the original pc. This hard drive will boot in any other pc except the original pc. When I try other hard drives in the original pc, they are able to boot. The drive has Windows XP. What is the problem? How can I get this hard drive to work properly? The original hard drive works in other PCs. The PC boots with other hard drives acting as the master. If I boot with no hard drive, I still can't get into the BIOS These are all IDE hard drives The PC doesn't beep, it just boots into a black screen with a cursor blinking in the upper left of the screen

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• Ubuntu 12.04.2 Dual boot UEFI Windows 8 Preinstalled CX21903W Ultrabook

  - by user180782

  Hi i have a problem trying to install ubuntu. The machine is a CX Ultrabook model CX.21903W Intel I5 with 500GB hard disk, 8 GB ram and 32 GB SSD. From Installing Ubuntu on a Pre-Installed Windows 8 (64-bit) System (UEFI Supported), and according to the steps guide: 1 - We create a partition from Win8 (70 GB) from the own win8 program. 2 - Confirm-SecureBootUEFI=True. 3 - From Win8, shift + Restart and from special menu we selected the UEFI Firmware Setting. 4 - From BIOS Option: ------Option 1) Disable Secure Boot. ------Option 2) Disable UEFI (Not Available) from Option 1: Three ways is available. With Secure Boot enable - We can't even boot ubuntu. A red windows saying Soft unproper signed. With Secure Boot disable - and this config in boot device order: ----1: UEFI: USB ----2: Windows Boot Manger ----3: Others and CSM (Compatibility Support Module): enable - GRUB appears and selecting try Ubuntu then a black windows appears and nothing happens. The same result if install ubuntu is selected. With Secure Boot disable - and this config in boot device order: ----1: USB (No UEFI) ----2: Windows Boot Manger ----3: Others and CSM (Compatibility Support Module): enable - GRUB appears and selecting try Ubuntu, - Ubuntu boots and we can install it even. 5 - Rebooting and just changing the boot order as ----1: Ubuntu [] ----2: Windows Boot Manger ----3: Others then nothings happens. 6 - Booting from LiveUSB again and, as per instructed, making Boot-Repair (A warning windows: Ubuntu is working in legacy mode.). 7 - Saving changes and rebooting, Grub works but selecting Ubuntu, a black windows appears and nothing happens. Selecting Win8, Win8 boots and works. Untill now we can't make the ubuntu installation. Any suggestion will be welcomed. kind regards and thanks in advance.

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• Why is my Ubuntu 10.10 CD not booting?

  - by Tom Brito

  I have downloaded Ubuntu 10.10 and burned the ISO but it will not boot. I discarded problems with the ISO, as I've downloaded from the official website with no errors, and burned it with no errors. I discarded problems with the burning, as looks like it was recorded with no errors here and later in another computer. I discarded problems with my DVD reader as other cds boots fine. I'm currently using Ubuntu 9.10, I know I can upgrade via internet, but I have this same problem with my Windows XP cd, so I really would like to discover what's going on here.. My Ubuntu 9.10 cd boots just right, but the new one not. What else can be? Or what more precise tests can I make to discover where's the problem? --More info What happens when I try to boot with the Ubuntu 10.10 cd is that it behavior like there's no bootable cd in the drive. It just don't find the boot on the cd, and start the HD system. My notebook is an Amazon PC Intel Celeron 1.5 with 2Gb memory, a DVD-RW driver, HD samsung with 260GB.

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• Failure to Boot 12.04 on HP AMD Dual Core. Rescue Mode doesn't even come up

  - by L R Bellmore Jr

  I have 12.04 installed on HP 64 bit dual core AMD laptop.. worked great until about 1-2 months ago.. now takes 1/2 hour to 25 hours to boot if it ever does. A minor number of times I get the HP logo with hash lines on screen and it just hangs... When it finally boots 95% it will run until I turn it off days later to see if any of the upgrades fixed the problem. Currently, if it boots, it is random.. .left on over night .. 2 nights ago and came back to a HP logo with Hash Lines horizontal across the screen.. frozen.. rebooted back to black screen.. no HP logo... Most often when it does boot.. no HP logo.. just cursor shows up.. and then I know it will finally load... computer has been made worthless and it is my work computer..HELP PLEASE... Rescue Mode can't be invoked.. computer doesnt respond.. has shown up 3 times in about 100 and when I have tried it... 1 time it resulted in a boot up but then failed in a couple hours.

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• Grub menu will not show the first time I try to boot my ubuntu server 12.04 after it is shutdown for a long time

  - by user211477

  I am running into a booting issue after installing Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS. Following is the symptom of the problem. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION: Dual core AMD Athlon 64 3 Disks: two SATA (out of which one is SSD) and one PATA. Using LVM for disk partition management. /boot is not under LVM rest of the partitions are. / is on the SSD BIOS boot sequence is correct and points to the disk with /boot and boot loader is installed on this disk. SYMPTOMS: POST messages Blinking cursor on first line then moves to second line Screen flickers then becomes black Everything is unresponsive, hard reboot POST messages will not show up on screen. Monitor displays powersave message Force shutdown machine again. Shutoff power to machine for a few minutes. Restart machine. POST message show up. Grub menu shows up Ubuntu server 12.04 boots normally. From now on Ubuntu server boots normally until machine is shutdown for a long time (for example, 30 mins) Repeat steps 1 through 13 once the machine is started after a long time. WHAT DID I TRY? I read several posts and have tried: radeon.modeset=0 setting the gfxmode edd=0 nolacpi boot-repair Nothing seems to work. In my search I did see only one post with this same symptom. Unfortunately, I am not being able to locate that post anymore. The interesting fact is that with this same machine configuration, if I install Ubuntu Desktop 12.04 then everything works fine. Any help will be appreciated.

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• Dualboot harddisk encryption

  - by amfcosta

  I have a system with both Ubuntu 11.10 and Windows 7 and I want to encrypt the whole harddisk or at least some of my partitions. My partition table is something like this (the ones marked with * are the ones that need to be encrypted): Windows boot reserved partition *Windows system partition (ntfs) *Windows data partition (ntfs) Ubuntu root partition (ext4) *Ubuntu home partition (ext4) Ubuntu swap As I said I don't need to encrypt the whole disk. What is the best way to accomplish this? Maybe something (TrueCrypt?) where I enter the password before the system boots so that it decrypts the whole hdd? Or maybe individual encryption using Windows-only encryption (for Windows partitions) and Ubuntu home encryption (well, for Ubuntu home partition)? By the way, I almost always use Ubuntu, so it would be nice if I could continue to boot Ubuntu by default but have an option to boot Windows too (like in grub). EDIT: I was thinking of doing this: encrypting ubuntu home with eCryptfs (I think this is used to encrypt home when selected during installation). Encrypting Windows partitions with TrueCrypt. Still having Grub as a bootloader, when I choose ubuntu everything goes as normal (home is decrypted when login in). When I choose windows the TrueCrypt password prompt shows and windows boots.

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• Dual Boot, Dual Hard Drives!

  - by Mars

  I'm posting this question after reading most of similar ones. My situation is different here in the fact that I'm installing on SSD and not partitioning my HDD, and that I can actually boot! I'm just looking to improve the convenience of having easier way to choose. 1- I have a Dell Inspiron 15R SE. It has HDD (1TB) and SSD (32GB). I managed to do whatever things I did in distant past to set the SSD free (I don't really care how fast my system boots). Now I wanted to install Linux on the SSD and leave the HDD untouched. It's way too precious for me to mess with it. So, I repartitioned the SSD to: 30GB for /root, 1GB for /swap, and 100MB for /boot. I installed Linux on the root and the GRUB on boot (of the SSD). Now GRUB immediately boots into linux and doesn't allow me to boot to Windows. BUT! If I enable UEFI Boot manager and choose "Windows Boot Manager" after hitting F12, I can boot into Windows 8 normally. I'd say that's pretty ok, except, I'd prefer to have the option to boot into which one or at the very least, default to boot to Windows. 2- I'm concerned that if I now delete the SSD partition, that the boot will break and I won't be able to boot anything! Does this seem like a valid concern? I made that choice of having linux on SSD because I'm going to be training on it, so I expect multiple resets from time to time.

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