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• Update packages on very old ubuntu

  - by meewoK

  I want to add Mysqli support to a machine running: Server Version: Apache/2.2.4 (Ubuntu) PHP/5.2.3-1ubuntu6.3 I would rather not update more things then I need to. I run the following: sudo apt-get install php5-mysql However, as the ubuntu version is old I get the following. WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated! php5-cli php5-mysql php5-mhash php5-xsl php5-pspell php5-snmp php5-curl php5-xmlrpc php5-sqlite php5-gd libapache2-mod-php5 php5-common Install these packages without verification [y/N]? Y Err http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com gutsy-updates/main php5-cli 5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4 404 Not Found Err http://security.ubuntu.com gutsy-security/main php5-cli 5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4 404 Not Found Err http://security.ubuntu.com gutsy-security/main php5-mysql 5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4 404 Not Found Err http://security.ubuntu.com gutsy-security/main php5-mhash 5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4 404 Not Found Err http://security.ubuntu.com gutsy-security/main php5-xsl 5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4 404 Not Found Err http://security.ubuntu.com gutsy-security/main php5-pspell 5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4 404 Not Found Err http://security.ubuntu.com gutsy-security/main php5-snmp 5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4 404 Not Found Err http://security.ubuntu.com gutsy-security/main php5-curl 5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4 404 Not Found Err http://security.ubuntu.com gutsy-security/main php5-xmlrpc 5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4 404 Not Found Err http://security.ubuntu.com gutsy-security/main php5-sqlite 5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4 404 Not Found Err http://security.ubuntu.com gutsy-security/main php5-gd 5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4 404 Not Found Err http://security.ubuntu.com gutsy-security/main libapache2-mod-php5 5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4 404 Not Found Err http://security.ubuntu.com gutsy-security/main php5-common 5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/php5/php5-cli_5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4_i386.deb 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/php5/php5-mysql_5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4_i386.deb 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/php5/php5-mhash_5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4_i386.deb 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/php5/php5-xsl_5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4_i386.deb 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/php5/php5-pspell_5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4_i386.deb 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/php5/php5-snmp_5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4_i386.deb 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/php5/php5-curl_5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4_i386.deb 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/php5/php5-xmlrpc_5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4_i386.deb 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/php5/php5-sqlite_5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4_i386.deb 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/php5/php5-gd_5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4_i386.deb 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/php5/libapache2-mod-php5_5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4_i386.deb 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/php5/php5-common_5.2.3-1ubuntu6.4_i386.deb 404 Not Found E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing? Questions Can I add mysqli feature using another method instead of sudo-apt get? Even if successful can this break something on the system? Update: I have tried to add additional sources using the instructions from: http://superuser.com/questions/339537/where-can-i-get-therepositories-for-old-ubuntu-versions I have the following in the /etc/apt/sources.list file: # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 7.10 _Gutsy Gibbon_ - Release i386 (20071016)]/ gutsy main restricted #deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 7.10 _Gutsy Gibbon_ - Release i386 (20071016)]/ gutsy main restricted # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted deb-src http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security ## team. deb http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates universe deb-src http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. #deb http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy multiverse deb-src http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy multiverse deb http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates multiverse deb-src http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports' ## repository. ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. # deb http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is ## offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu ## users. # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu gutsy partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu gutsy partner deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security universe deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security multiverse # Required deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/gutsy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse

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• Managing User & Role Security with Oracle SQL Developer

  - by thatjeffsmith

  With the advent of SQL Developer v3.0, users have had access to some powerful database administration features. Version 3.1 introduced more powerful features such as an interface to Data Pump and RMAN. Today I want to talk about some very simple but frequently ran tasks that SQL Developer can assist with, like: identifying privs granted to users managing role privs assigning new roles and privs to users & roles Before getting started, you’ll need a connection to the database with the proper privileges. The common ROLE used to accomplish this is the ‘DBA‘ role. Curious as to what the DBA role is actually comprised of? Let’s find out! Open the DBA Console First make sure you’re connected to the database you want to manage security on with a privileged administrator account. Then open the View menu and select ‘DBA.’ Accessing the DBA panel ‘Create’ a Connection Click on the green ‘+’ button in the DBA panel. It will ask you to choose a previously defined SQL Developer connection. Defining a DBA connection in Oracle SQL Developer Once connected you will see a tree list of DBA features you can start interacting with. Expand the ‘Security’ Tree Node As you click on an object in the DBA panel, the ‘viewer’ will open on the right-hand-side, just like you are accustomed to seeing when clicking on a table or stored procedure. Accessing the DBA role If I’m a newly hired Oracle DBA, the first thing I might want to do is become very familiar with the DBA role. People will be asking you to grant them this role or a subset of its privileges. Once you see what the role can do, you will become VERY protective of it. My favorite 3-letter 4-letter word is ‘ANY’ and the DBA role is littered with privileges like this: ANY TABLE privs granted to DBA role So if this doesn’t freak you out, then maybe you should re-consider your career path. Or in other words, don’t be granting this role to ANYONE you don’t completely trust to take care of your database. If I’m just assigned a new database to manage, the first thing I might want to look at is just WHO has been assigned the DBA role. SQL Developer makes this easy to ascertain, just click on the ‘User Grantees’ panel. Who has the keys to your car? Making Changes to Roles and Users If you mouse-right-click on a user in the Tree, you can do individual tasks like grant a sys priv or expire an account. But, you can also use the ‘Edit User’ dialog to do a lot of work in one pass. As you click through options in these dialogs, it will build the ‘ALTER USER’ script in the SQL panel, which can then be executed or copied to the worksheet or to your .SQL file to be ran at your discretion. A Few Clicks vs a Lot of Typing These dialogs won’t make you a DBA, but if you’re pressed for time and you’re already in SQL Developer, they can sure help you make up for lost time in just a few clicks!

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• Jersey, Apache HTTPD, and javax.annotation.security usage

  - by Nick Klauer

  So I'm having a heck of a time trying to piece together what I think is a pretty simple implementation. This is very similar to another StackOverflow question only I can't leverage Tomcat to handle role based authentication. I have an Apache httpd server in front of my app that handles authentication and then passes LDAP roles to a Jersey service through Headers. I've created a servlet filter to parse the header and tease out the roles the request came from, which works fine globally to the app, but isn't fine-grained enough to dictate what an Admin could do that a User could not. I'm thinking I could use the javax.annotation.security annotations that JAX-RS supports, but I don't know how to take what I've parsed out using a servlet filter to set or instantiate the SecurityContext necessary for the roles @RolesAllowed.

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• Database independent row level security solution

  - by Filip

  Hi, does anybody knows about Java/C# database independent authorization library. This library should support read, write, delete, insert actions across company organizational structure. Something like this: - user can see all documents - user can enter new document assigned to his unit - user can change all documents assigned to his unit and all subordinate units. - user can delete documents that are assigned to him I should also be able to create custom actions (besides read, write,...) connect them to certain class and assign that "security token" to user (e.g. document.expire). If there aren't any either free or commercial libraries, is there a book that could be useful in implementing this functionality? Thanks.

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• Security considerations for my first eStore.

  - by RPK

  I have a website through which I am going to sell few products. It is hosted on a simple shared-hosting and does not have SSL. On the products page, each product has a Buy Now button created from my PayPal Merchant account. PayPal recommends to use it's Button Factory to create secure buttons and save it inside PayPal itself. I have followed the same advice and the code of any button is secure and does not disclose any information on either a product or it's price. When the user clicks on a Buy Now button, he/she is taken to PayPal site where a page is opened in SSL for the user to fill in the credit card and shipping details. After a successful transaction, the control is passed back to my site. I want to know whether there is still any chance when security could be compromised.

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• Oracle Security Webcast - today

  - by Alex Blyth

  Hi AllHere are the details for today's (12th May 2010) webcast on "Oracle Database Security"  -  beginning at 1.30pm (Sydney, Australia Time) :Webcast is at http://strtc.oracle.com (IE6, 7 & 8 supported only)Conference ID for the webcast is 6690429Conference Key: securityEnrollment is required. Please click here to enroll.Please use your real name in the name field (just makes it easier for us to help you out if we can't answer your questions on the call)Audio details:NZ Toll Free - 0800 888 157 orAU Toll Free - 1800420354 (or +61 2 8064 0613Meeting ID: 7914841Meeting Passcode: 12052010Talk to you all at 1.30CheersAlex

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• Wine Security - Improvement by second user account?

  - by F. K.

  Team, I'm considering installing wine - but still hesitant for security reasons. As far as I found out, malicious code could reach ~/.wine and all my personal data with my user-priviledges - but not farther than that. So - would it be any safer to create a second user account on my machine and install wine there? That way, the second user would only have reading rights to my files. Is there a way to install wine totally confined to that user - so that I can't execute .exe files from my original account? Thanks in advance! PS - I'm running Ubuntu 11.10 64bit if that matters.

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• Security considerations for a default install?

  - by cpedros

  So with an old burned install CD of Feisty Fawn I went through the process of completely formatting the Windows OS and installing Ubuntu on an old XP laptop. I then went through the online upgrade to 10.4 LTS, only installing the gnome desktop environment package in the process. My (admittedly very open) question is that in this state and online, what security considerations do I have to immediately make for the default install? I understand that a lot of this swings on my intended use of the server, but just sitting there online what risks is it exposed to (this obviously goes far beyond the realm of linux, but I am not sure how these risks are accommodated in the default install). For example, I believe there is a firewall installed with Ubuntu but by default it allows all traffic. Any other guidelines would be much appreciated. Thanks

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• How to manage security cameras in Ubuntu?

  - by Josh

  I am setting up a server of sorts and chose ubuntu for the OS as my dad has it on a few computers. I am unimpressed with Windows or MAC due to all the add-ons and complexity of it when all I want is something simple. The system will have 3 purposes, storing my wife's photography work (she is a professional photographer) storing music for quick access to our entertainment system (will be running the system through the tv in our living room and thus through our surround sound) and will also serve as a DVR unit for a home security system I am going to put together. My question is what sort of software options are there for the Ubuntu system as far as a DVR with frame by frame playback. It does not need to be fancy but of course a variety of options are a nice touch.

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• Security considerations for default install of Ubuntu

  - by cpedros

  So with an old burned install CD of Feisty Fawn I went through the process of completely formatting the Windows OS and installing Ubuntu on an old XP laptop. I then went through the online upgrade to 10.4 LTS, only installing the gnome desktop environment package in the process. My (admittedly very open) question is that in this state and online, what security considerations do I have to immediately make for the default install? I understand that a lot of this swings on my intended use of the server, but just sitting there online what risks is it exposed to (this obviously goes far beyond the realm of linux, but I am not sure how these risks are accommodated in the default install). For example, I believe there is a firewall installed with Ubuntu but by default it allows all traffic. Any other guidelines would be much appreciated. Thanks

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• Security of keyctl

  - by ftiaronsem

  Hello alltogether Today I set up an ecryptfs directory, which is automatically mounted at login via pam. To do so i followed the guide in the ecryptfs readme ecryptfs-readme To sum up, I now have a key stored in the usser session keyring. The first thing I do not understand is why this key is only showing up via keyctl show and not with the gnome-gui "Passwords and encryption keys". The second thing I am curious about is the security. I assume that my passphrase is somehow stored on the harddisk. But how exactly and how secure is this? Thanks in advance

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• Where can I safely learn about computer security?

  - by Ammar Ahmed

  I find it really hard to find resources about computer security. I asked questions on message boards about key loggers and viruses and I got negative assumption from people assuming the the worse. Also, I don't think that I can trust random message boards. I know that it is a broad topic, but are there any good websites that I can follow and learn from that are targeted to beginner with some samples? I am a developer (or at least want to be one) and I have a CS degree if that helps.

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• How to Configure Microsoft Security Essentials

  Microsoft Security Essentials is the software giant's free solution for home users as well as small businesses. As long as you have a genuine copy of Windows running on your PC, you can enjoy all it has to offer. The program is characterized by easy installation and a user interface that is intuitive and rather simple to navigate. With so many viruses, spyware, and other malicious items floating all around the Web, keeping your PC secure should be of utmost importance. After all, you want to protect your investment and your sanity at the same time. Having a solid program such as Microsof...

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• security cameras and Ubuntu

  - by Josh

  I am setting up a server of sorts and chose ubuntu for the OS as my dad has it on a few computers. I am unimpressed with Windows or MAC due to all the add-ons and complexity of it when all I want is something simple. The system will have 3 purposes, storing my wife's photography work (she is a professional photographer) storing music for quick access to our entertainment system (will be running the system thru the tv in our living room and thus though our surround sound) and will also serve as a DVR unit for a home security system I am going to put together. My question is what sort of software options are there for the Ubuntu system as far as a DVR with frame by frame playback. It does not need to be fancy but of course a variety of options are a nice touch.

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• Learning about security and finding exploits

  - by Jayraj

  First things first: I have absolutely no interest in learning how to crack systems for personal enrichment, hurting other people or doing anything remotely malicious. I understand the basis of many exploits (XSS, SQL injection, use after free etc.), though I've never performed any myself. I even have some idea about how to guard web applications from common exploits (like the aforementioned XSS and SQL injection) Reading this question about the Internet Explorer zero-day vulnerability from the Security SE piqued my curiosity and made me wonder: how did someone even find out about this exploit? What tools did they use? How did they know what to look for? I'm wary about visiting hacker dens online for fear of getting my own system infected (the Defcon stories make me paranoid). So what's a good, safe place to start learning?

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• Antivirus Poses as Windows Security Alert, March Patch

  The campaign's attacks are said to begin when a Web user attempts to visit a WordPress blogger's site. Instead of seeing the intended website, the user is redirected to a site hosting the rogue antivirus. The blogger will see that user's traffic, however, even though they never get to see any actual content. The site performs a phony scan on the user's computer and displays what appear to be existing Trojans found on the computer. In an attempt to look authentic, the rogue antivirus software carries the appearance of a typical Windows Explorer window and also employs a Windows Security Ale...

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• cPanel's Web Disk - Security issues?

  - by Tim Sparks

  I'm thinking of using Web Disk (built into the later versions of cPanel) to allow a Windows or Mac computer to map a network drive that is actually a folder on our website (above the public_html folder). We currently use an antiquated local server to store information, but it is only accessible from one location - we would like to be able to access it from other locations as well. I understand that folders above public_html are not accessible via http, but I want to know how secure is the access to these folders as a network drive? There is potentially sensitive information that we need to decide whether it is appropriate to store here. The map network drive option seems to work well as it behaves as if the files are on your own computer (i.e. you can open and save files without then having to upload them - as it happens automatically). We have used Dropbox for similar purposes, but space is a issue with them, as is accountability and so we haven't used it for sensitive information. Are there any notable security concerns with using Web Disk as a secure file server?

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• Security vulnerability and nda's [closed]

  - by Chris

  I want to propose a situation and gain insight from the communities thoughts. A customer, call them Customer X has a contract with a vendor, Vendor Y to provide an application and services. Customer X discovers a serious authentication vulnerability in Vendor Y's software. Vendor Y and Customer X has a discussion. Vendor Y acknowledges/confirms flaw. Vendor Y confirms they will put effort to fix. Customer X requests Vendor Y to inform all customers impacted by this. Vendor agrees. Fast forward 2 months, and the flaw has not been fixed. Patches were applied to mitigate but the flaw still exists. However, no customers were informed of issue. At this point customer X contacts Vendor Y to determine the status and understand why customer's were not informed. The vendor nicely reminds the customer they are under an NDA and are still working on the issue. A few questions/discussion pieces out of this. By discussing a software flaw with a vendor, does this imply you have agreed to any type of NDA disclosure? Additionally, what rights as does Customer X have to inform other customers of this vulnerability if vendor does not appear willing to comply? I (the op) am under the impression that when this situation occurs, you are supposed to notify vendor of issue, provide them with ample time to respond and if no response you are able to do what you wish with the information. I am thinking back to the MIT/subway incident where they contacted transit authorities, transit authorities didn't respond in a timely fashion so the students disclosed the information publicly on their own. Few things to note about this: I am not the customer in above situation, also lets assume for purposes of keeping discussion inline that customer X has no intentions of disclosing information, they are merely concerned and interested in making sure other customers are aware until it is fixed so they do not expierence a major security breach. (More information can be supplied if needed to add context to question. )

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• About Entitlement Grants in ADF Security of JDeveloper 11.1.1.4

  - by frank.nimphius

  Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Oracle JDeveloper 11.1.1.4 comes with a new ADF Security feature called "entitlement grants". This has nothing to do with Oracle Entitlement Server (OES) but is the ability to group resources into permission sets so they can be granted with a single grant statement. For example, as good practices when organizing your projects, you may have grouped your bounded task flows by functionality and responsibility in sub folders under the WEB-INF directory. If one of the folders holds bounded task flows that are accessible to all authenticated users, you may create an entitlement grant allAuthUserBTF and select all bounded task flows that are accessible for authenticated users as resources. You can then grant allAuthUserBTF to the authenticated-role so that with only a single grant statement all selected bounded task flows are protected. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} <permission-sets>         <permission-set>             <name>PublicBoundedTaskFlows</name>             <member-resources>               <member-resource>                 <resource-name>                      /WEB-INF/public/home-btf.xml#home-btf                 </resource-name>                 <type-name-ref>TaskFlowResourceType</type-name-ref>                 <display-name> ... </display-name>                 <actions>view</actions>               </member-resource>               <member-resource>                 <resource-name>                         /WEB-INF/public/preferences-btf.xml#preferences-btf                </resource-name>                 <type-name-ref>TaskFlowResourceType</type-name-ref>                 <display-name>...</display-name>                 <actions>view</actions>               </member-resource>             </member-resources>           </permission-set>   </permission-sets> The grant statement for this permission set is added as shown below <grant>   <grantee>     <principals>        <principal>             <name>authenticated-role</name>             <class>oracle.security.jps.internal.core.principals.JpsAuthenticatedRoleImpl</class>         </principal>       </principals>     </grantee>     <permission-set-refs>         <permission-set-ref>            <name>PublicBoundedTaskFlows</name>         </permission-set-ref>      </permission-set-refs> </grant>

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• Ubuntu security with services running from /opt

  - by thejartender

  It took me a while to understand what's going on here (I think), but can someone explain to me if there are security risks with regards to my logic of what's going on here as I am trying to set up a home web server as a developer with some good Linux knowledge? Ubuntu is not like other systems, as it has restricted the root user account. You can not log in as root or su to root. This was a problem for me as I have had to install numerous applications and services to /opt as per user documentation (XAMPPfor Linux is a good example). The problem here is that this directory is owned by root:root. I notice that my admin user account does not belong to root group through the following command: groups username so my understanding is that even though the files and services that I place in /opt belong to root, executing them by means of sudo (as required) does not mean that they are run as root? I imagine that the sudo command is hidden somewhere under belonging to the root user and has a 775 permission? So the question I have is if running a service like Tomcat, Apcahe, etc exposes my system like on other systems? Obviously I need to secure these in configurations, but isn't the golden rule to never run something as root? What happens if I have multiple services running under same user/group with regards to a compromised server?

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• Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down – Intel Debuts Prototype Palm-Reading Tech to Replace Passwords [Poll]

  - by Asian Angel

  This week Intel debuted prototype palm-reading tech that could serve as a replacement for our current password system. Our question for you today is do you think this is the right direction to go for better security or do you feel this is a mistake? Photo courtesy of Jane Rahman. Needless to say password security breaches have been a hot topic as of late, so perhaps a whole new security model is in order. It would definitely eliminate the need to remember a large volume of passwords along with circumventing the problem of poor password creation/selection. At the same time the new technology would still be in the ‘early stages’ of development and may not work as well as people would like. Long-term refinement would definitely improve its performance, but would it really be worth pursuing versus the actual benefits? From the blog post: Intel researcher Sridhar Iyendar demonstrated the technology at Intel’s Developer Forum this week. Waving a hand in front of a “palm vein” detector on a computer, one of Iyendar’s assistants was logged into Windows 7, was able to view his bank account, and then once he moved away the computer locked Windows and went into sleeping mode. How to Get Pro Features in Windows Home Versions with Third Party Tools HTG Explains: Is ReadyBoost Worth Using? HTG Explains: What The Windows Event Viewer Is and How You Can Use It

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• How-to logout from ADF Security

  - by frank.nimphius

  Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} ADF Security configures an authentication servlet, AuthenticationServlet, in the web.xml file that also provides a logout functionality. Developers can invoke the logout by a redirect performed from an action method in a managed bean as shown next  public String onLogout() {   FacesContext fctx = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance();   ExternalContext ectx = fctx.getExternalContext();   String url = ectx.getRequestContextPath() +              "/adfAuthentication?logout=true&end_url=/faces/Home.jspx";       try {     ectx.redirect(url);   } catch (IOException e) {     e.printStackTrace();   }   fctx.responseComplete();   return null; } To use this functionality in your application, change the Home.jspx reference to a public page of yours that the user is redirected to after successful logout. Note that for a successful logout, authentication should be through form based authentication. Basic authentication is known as browser sign-on and re-authenticates users after the logout redirect. Basic authentication is confusing to many developers for this reason.

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• Can Microsoft Security Essentials Signature Update Notifications be Avoided?

  - by Goto10

  I have my Windows Automatic Updates set to "Notify me but don't automatically download or install them.". However, if I install Microsoft Security Essentials, can I have the daily virus signatures downloaded and applied without being prompted each time by Windows Update? I like to have the control of installing general Windows Updates, but prefer not to have to accept the signature definitions that I expect to have applied every day (would get a bit tedious). Using XP Home SP 3. Just wanted to check this over before deciding whether or not to go for Microsoft Security Essentials.

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• InternalsVisibleTo attribute and security vulnerability

  - by Sergey Litvinov

  I found one issue with InternalsVisibleTo attribute usage. The idea of InternalsVisibleTo attribute to allow some other assemblies to use internal classes\methods of this assembly. To make it work you need sign your assemblies. So, if other assemblies isn't specified in main assembly and if they have incorrect public key, then they can't use Internal members. But the issue in Reflection Emit type generation. For example, we have CorpLibrary1 assembly and it has such class: public class TestApi { internal virtual void DoSomething() { Console.WriteLine("Base DoSomething"); } public void DoApiTest() { // some internal logic // ... // call internal method DoSomething(); } } This assembly is marked with such attribute to allow another CorpLibrary2 to make inheritor for that TestAPI and override behaviour of DoSomething method. [assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("CorpLibrary2, PublicKey=0024000004800000940000000602000000240000525341310004000001000100434D9C5E1F9055BF7970B0C106AAA447271ECE0F8FC56F6AF3A906353F0B848A8346DC13C42A6530B4ED2E6CB8A1E56278E664E61C0D633A6F58643A7B8448CB0B15E31218FB8FE17F63906D3BF7E20B9D1A9F7B1C8CD11877C0AF079D454C21F24D5A85A8765395E5CC5252F0BE85CFEB65896EC69FCC75201E09795AAA07D0")] The issue is that I'm able to override this internal DoSomething method and break class logic. My steps to do it: Generate new assembly in runtime via AssemblyBuilder Get AssemblyName from CorpLibrary1 and copy PublikKey to new assembly Generate new assembly that will inherit TestApi class As PublicKey and name of generated assembly is the same as in InternalsVisibleTo, then we can generate new DoSomething method that will override internal method in TestAPI assembly Then we have another assembly that isn't related to this CorpLibrary1 and can't use internal members. We have such test code in it: class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var builder = new FakeBuilder(InjectBadCode, "DoSomething", true); TestApi fakeType = builder.CreateFake(); fakeType.DoApiTest(); // it will display: // Inject bad code // Base DoSomething Console.ReadLine(); } public static void InjectBadCode() { Console.WriteLine("Inject bad code"); } } And this FakeBuilder class has such code: /// /// Builder that will generate inheritor for specified assembly and will overload specified internal virtual method /// /// Target type public class FakeBuilder { private readonly Action _callback; private readonly Type _targetType; private readonly string _targetMethodName; private readonly string _slotName; private readonly bool _callBaseMethod; public FakeBuilder(Action callback, string targetMethodName, bool callBaseMethod) { int randomId = new Random((int)DateTime.Now.Ticks).Next(); _slotName = string.Format("FakeSlot_{0}", randomId); _callback = callback; _targetType = typeof(TFakeType); _targetMethodName = targetMethodName; _callBaseMethod = callBaseMethod; } public TFakeType CreateFake() { // as CorpLibrary1 can't use code from unreferences assemblies, we need to store this Action somewhere. // And Thread is not bad place for that. It's not the best place as it won't work in multithread application, but it's just a sample LocalDataStoreSlot slot = Thread.AllocateNamedDataSlot(_slotName); Thread.SetData(slot, _callback); // then we generate new assembly with the same nameand public key as target assembly trusts by InternalsVisibleTo attribute var newTypeName = _targetType.Name + "Fake"; var targetAssembly = Assembly.GetAssembly(_targetType); AssemblyName an = new AssemblyName(); an.Name = GetFakeAssemblyName(targetAssembly); // copying public key to new generated assembly var assemblyName = targetAssembly.GetName(); an.SetPublicKey(assemblyName.GetPublicKey()); an.SetPublicKeyToken(assemblyName.GetPublicKeyToken()); AssemblyBuilder assemblyBuilder = Thread.GetDomain().DefineDynamicAssembly(an, AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave); ModuleBuilder moduleBuilder = assemblyBuilder.DefineDynamicModule(assemblyBuilder.GetName().Name, true); // create inheritor for specified type TypeBuilder typeBuilder = moduleBuilder.DefineType(newTypeName, TypeAttributes.Public | TypeAttributes.Class, _targetType); // LambdaExpression.CompileToMethod can be used only with static methods, so we need to create another method that will call our Inject method // we can do the same via ILGenerator, but expression trees are more easy to use MethodInfo methodInfo = CreateMethodInfo(moduleBuilder); MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(_targetMethodName, MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.Virtual); ILGenerator ilGenerator = methodBuilder.GetILGenerator(); // call our static method that will call inject method ilGenerator.EmitCall(OpCodes.Call, methodInfo, null); // in case if we need, then we put call to base method if (_callBaseMethod) { var baseMethodInfo = _targetType.GetMethod(_targetMethodName, BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance); // place this to stack ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); // call the base method ilGenerator.EmitCall(OpCodes.Call, baseMethodInfo, new Type[0]); // return ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); } // generate type, create it and return to caller Type cheatType = typeBuilder.CreateType(); object type = Activator.CreateInstance(cheatType); return (TFakeType)type; } /// /// Get name of assembly from InternalsVisibleTo AssemblyName /// private static string GetFakeAssemblyName(Assembly assembly) { var internalsVisibleAttr = assembly.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(InternalsVisibleToAttribute), true).FirstOrDefault() as InternalsVisibleToAttribute; if (internalsVisibleAttr == null) { throw new InvalidOperationException("Assembly hasn't InternalVisibleTo attribute"); } var ind = internalsVisibleAttr.AssemblyName.IndexOf(","); var name = internalsVisibleAttr.AssemblyName.Substring(0, ind); return name; } /// /// Generate such code: /// ((Action)Thread.GetData(Thread.GetNamedDataSlot(_slotName))).Invoke(); /// private LambdaExpression MakeStaticExpressionMethod() { var allocateMethod = typeof(Thread).GetMethod("GetNamedDataSlot", BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public); var getDataMethod = typeof(Thread).GetMethod("GetData", BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public); var call = Expression.Call(allocateMethod, Expression.Constant(_slotName)); var getCall = Expression.Call(getDataMethod, call); var convCall = Expression.Convert(getCall, typeof(Action)); var invokExpr = Expression.Invoke(convCall); var lambda = Expression.Lambda(invokExpr); return lambda; } /// /// Generate static class with one static function that will execute Action from Thread NamedDataSlot /// private MethodInfo CreateMethodInfo(ModuleBuilder moduleBuilder) { var methodName = "_StaticTestMethod_" + _slotName; var className = "_StaticClass_" + _slotName; TypeBuilder typeBuilder = moduleBuilder.DefineType(className, TypeAttributes.Public | TypeAttributes.Class); MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(methodName, MethodAttributes.Static | MethodAttributes.Public); LambdaExpression expression = MakeStaticExpressionMethod(); expression.CompileToMethod(methodBuilder); var type = typeBuilder.CreateType(); return type.GetMethod(methodName, BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public); } } remarks about sample: as we need to execute code from another assembly, CorpLibrary1 hasn't access to it, so we need to store this delegate somewhere. Just for testing I stored it in Thread NamedDataSlot. It won't work in multithreaded applications, but it's just a sample. I know that we use Reflection to get private\internal members of any class, but within reflection we can't override them. But this issue is allows anyone to override internal class\method if that assembly has InternalsVisibleTo attribute. I tested it on .Net 3.5\4 and it works for both of them. How does it possible to just copy PublicKey without private key and use it in runtime? The whole sample can be found there - https://github.com/sergey-litvinov/Tests_InternalsVisibleTo UPDATE1: That test code in Program and FakeBuilder classes hasn't access to key.sn file and that library isn't signed, so it hasn't public key at all. It just copying it from CorpLibrary1 by using Reflection.Emit

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• php security holes POCs

  - by Flavius

  Hi Please provide examples for all of these: XSS, CSRF, SQL injection with both the source code and the attack steps for each. Other attack vectors are welcome. The most complete answer gets a accepted. The configuration is a fairly standard one, as of PHP 5.3.2, core settings: allow_call_time_pass_reference => Off => Off allow_url_fopen => On => On allow_url_include => Off => Off always_populate_raw_post_data => Off => Off arg_separator.input => & => & arg_separator.output => & => & asp_tags => Off => Off auto_append_file => no value => no value auto_globals_jit => On => On auto_prepend_file => no value => no value browscap => no value => no value default_charset => no value => no value default_mimetype => text/html => text/html define_syslog_variables => Off => Off disable_classes => no value => no value disable_functions => no value => no value display_errors => STDOUT => STDOUT display_startup_errors => On => On doc_root => no value => no value docref_ext => no value => no value docref_root => no value => no value enable_dl => Off => Off error_append_string => no value => no value error_log => syslog => syslog error_prepend_string => no value => no value error_reporting => 32767 => 32767 exit_on_timeout => Off => Off expose_php => On => On extension_dir => /usr/lib/php/modules/ => /usr/lib/php/modules/ file_uploads => On => On highlight.bg => <font style="color: #FFFFFF">#FFFFFF</font> => <font style="color: #FFFFFF">#FFFFFF</font> highlight.comment => <font style="color: #FF8000">#FF8000</font> => <font style="color: #FF8000">#FF8000</font> highlight.default => <font style="color: #0000BB">#0000BB</font> => <font style="color: #0000BB">#0000BB</font> highlight.html => <font style="color: #000000">#000000</font> => <font style="color: #000000">#000000</font> highlight.keyword => <font style="color: #007700">#007700</font> => <font style="color: #007700">#007700</font> highlight.string => <font style="color: #DD0000">#DD0000</font> => <font style="color: #DD0000">#DD0000</font> html_errors => Off => Off ignore_repeated_errors => Off => Off ignore_repeated_source => Off => Off ignore_user_abort => Off => Off implicit_flush => On => On include_path => .:/usr/share/pear => .:/usr/share/pear log_errors => On => On log_errors_max_len => 1024 => 1024 magic_quotes_gpc => Off => Off magic_quotes_runtime => Off => Off magic_quotes_sybase => Off => Off mail.add_x_header => On => On mail.force_extra_parameters => no value => no value mail.log => no value => no value max_execution_time => 0 => 0 max_file_uploads => 20 => 20 max_input_nesting_level => 64 => 64 max_input_time => -1 => -1 memory_limit => 128M => 128M open_basedir => no value => no value output_buffering => 0 => 0 output_handler => no value => no value post_max_size => 8M => 8M precision => 14 => 14 realpath_cache_size => 16K => 16K realpath_cache_ttl => 120 => 120 register_argc_argv => On => On register_globals => Off => Off register_long_arrays => Off => Off report_memleaks => On => On report_zend_debug => Off => Off request_order => GP => GP safe_mode => Off => Off safe_mode_exec_dir => no value => no value safe_mode_gid => Off => Off safe_mode_include_dir => no value => no value sendmail_from => no value => no value sendmail_path => /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i => /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i serialize_precision => 100 => 100 short_open_tag => Off => Off SMTP => localhost => localhost smtp_port => 25 => 25 sql.safe_mode => Off => Off track_errors => Off => Off unserialize_callback_func => no value => no value upload_max_filesize => 2M => 2M upload_tmp_dir => no value => no value user_dir => no value => no value user_ini.cache_ttl => 300 => 300 user_ini.filename => .user.ini => .user.ini variables_order => GPCS => GPCS xmlrpc_error_number => 0 => 0 xmlrpc_errors => Off => Off y2k_compliance => On => On zend.enable_gc => On => On

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