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  • Reserved Memory Addresses?

    - by Nate
    Is there a list of reserved memory addresses out there - a list of addresses that the memory of a user-space program could never be allocated to? I realize this is most likely per-OS or per-architecture, but I was hoping someone might know some of the more common OSes and Arches. I could only dig one up for a few versions of windows: for windows NT,2k and XP that would be: 0x00000000 - 0x0000ffff - lowest page is protected to simplify debugging 0x00001000 - 0x7ffeffff - memory area for your application 0x7fff0000 - 0x7fffffff - protected area to keep memory-functions from damaging the following part 0x80000000 - 0xffffffff - memory where the system including drivers and so on is located Anyone know about for Linux, or BSD (or anything else, for that matter)?

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  • How can i get more low memory with the following setup:

    - by user539484
    Modules using memory below 1 MB: Name Total = Conventional + Upper Memory -------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- MSDOS 14 317 (14K) 14 317 (14K) 0 (0K) HIMEM 1 120 (1K) 1 120 (1K) 0 (0K) EMM386 3 120 (3K) 3 120 (3K) 0 (0K) OAKCDROM 36 064 (35K) 36 064 (35K) 0 (0K) POWER 80 (0K) 80 (0K) 0 (0K) NLSFUNC 2 784 (3K) 2 784 (3K) 0 (0K) COMMAND 2 928 (3K) 2 928 (3K) 0 (0K) MSCDEX 15 712 (15K) 15 712 (15K) 0 (0K) SMARTDRV 30 384 (30K) 13 984 (14K) 16 400 (16K) KEYB 6 752 (7K) 6 752 (7K) 0 (0K) MOUSE 17 296 (17K) 17 296 (17K) 0 (0K) DISPLAY 8 336 (8K) 0 (0K) 8 336 (8K) SETVER 512 (1K) 0 (0K) 512 (1K) DOSKEY 4 144 (4K) 0 (0K) 4 144 (4K) POWER 4 672 (5K) 0 (0K) 4 672 (5K) Free 552 944 (540K) 539 088 (526K) 13 856 (14K) Memory Summary: Type of Memory Total = Used + Free ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Conventional 653 312 114 224 539 088 Upper 47 920 34 064 13 856 Reserved 0 0 0 Extended (XMS)* 64 898 256 2 671 824 62 226 432 ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Total memory 65 599 488 2 820 112 62 779 376 Total under 1 MB 701 232 148 288 552 944 Total Expanded (EMS) 33 947 648 (33 152K Free Expanded (EMS)* 33 538 048 (32 752K * EMM386 is using XMS memory to simulate EMS memory as needed. Free EMS memory may change as free XMS memory changes. Largest executable program size 538 976 (526K) Largest free upper memory block 7 488 (7K) MS-DOS is resident in the high memory area. I'm running MS-DOS 6.22 on VMWare virtual hardware. This is memory state after memmaker pass, so i'm looking for optimization beyond memmaker. Note: NLS drivers (DISPLAY, KEYB, NSLFUNC) are essential for me. Thanks to @mtone for valuable reminder about MSCDEX /E which gave me 16KiB of low memory (see the diff)!

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  • Keyboard layout - certain keys work with AltGr, other doesn't

    - by user23122
    I run Ubuntu 12.04 in VirtualBox 4.3.14 on Windows 7 with a Swedish keyboard layout. In Windows everything works fine but in Ubuntu some keys/characters (the most important for a programmer) doesn't work. This is the result from pressing the keys in the top row 1234567890+´ (Unmodified top row on keyboard) @£$€ {[]}\ (Windows with AltGr) ¡ £$€¥ ± (Ubuntu with "AltGr") More characters are broken (pipe | is a notable example) but the top row is the biggest problem. I can workaround this by enabling "direct connection" from my USB keyboard to VirtualBox but then I have to manually disable that every time I switch out of VirtualBox. I have tried different keyboard layout, sometimes @ et al works but then other characters are broken. I also tried sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration with default values, but it didn't change anything. I have guest additions installed (from the built in virtual CD). I got my VB disk image from a colleague who does not have this problem, however, he does not have guest additions installed (and hence can't use a higher resolution than 1024x768, and I need to run Ecplipse...). He also have different installation of Virtual Box and Windows. For example, the key for 2 should, in Ubuntu, produce four different characters, 2"²@. The first three works fine, including superscript 2 that requires AltGr-Shift-2, it is just plain AltGr-2 to get @ that does not work on this key (and all the other keys I have problem with). Any ideas for a fix?

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  • Option Button in Keyboard Layout > Input Sources is not pressable

    - by user98647
    I would like to set the Caps-lock key as a Compose key, which you do, as far as I remember, by pressing the Options Button in Keyboard Layout Input Sources and then enabling the appropriate option there. That Button is not pressable though since I switched to 12.10. It did work in previous releases of Ubuntu. gnome-control-center puts out these errors, when I click on Keyboard Layout: (gnome-control-center:3645): common-cc-panel-WARNING **: Could not find current language '?\u0003C!\u007f' in the treeview (gnome-control-center:3645): common-cc-panel-WARNING **: locale '"en_US.UTF-8"' isn't valid I'm not sure if the errors are related though, maybe they are related to the "interface switching to chinese bug" which seems surprisingly widespread: Language changed to Chinese, how do I change it back? Language Support has an unwanted Chinese language option Nautilus Folders Turned Chinese Desktop 12.04 gnome/cairo suddenly in Chinese Unwanted Chinese language got set in system settings I cannot set my system back to English from Chinese Language Gnome-classic language turned into Chinese, how do I change it back to English? Strange display language in gnome shell I'm not sure they are related to this bug, but I just wanted to mention it, maybe it helps!

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  • SQL Server 2012 Memory Manager KB articles

    - by SQLOS Team
    Since the release of SQL Server 2012 with a redesigned memory manager, a steady stream of KB articles have been produced by CSS to provide guidance on the new or changed options, as well as fixes that have been published..   How has memory sizing changed in SQL 2012? 2663912 Memory configuration and sizing considerations in SQL Server 2012 - http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;2663912     Setting "locked pages" to avoid SQL Server memory pages getting swapped has been simplified, particularly for Standard Edition, the details can be found here: 2659143 How to enable the "locked pages" feature in SQL Server 2012 - http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;2659143   Note the following deprecation (particularly relevant for 32-bit installations): 2644592 The "AWE enabled" SQL Server feature is deprecated - http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;2644592   Note the following fixes available: 2708594 FIX: Locked page allocations are enabled without any warning after you upgrade to SQL Server 2012 - http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2708594/EN-US 2688697 FIX: Out-of-memory error when you run an instance of SQL Server 2012 on a computer that uses NUMA - http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2688697/EN-US Originally posted at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlosteam/

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  • SQL Server 2012 Memory Manager KB articles

    - by SQLOS Team
    Since the release of SQL Server 2012 with a redesigned memory manager, a steady stream of KB articles have been produced by CSS to provide guidance on the new or changed options, as well as fixes that have been published..   How has memory sizing changed in SQL 2012? 2663912 Memory configuration and sizing considerations in SQL Server 2012 - http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;2663912     Setting "locked pages" to avoid SQL Server memory pages getting swapped has been simplified, particularly for Standard Edition, the details can be found here: 2659143 How to enable the "locked pages" feature in SQL Server 2012 - http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;2659143   Note the following deprecation (particularly relevant for 32-bit installations): 2644592 The "AWE enabled" SQL Server feature is deprecated - http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;2644592   Note the following fixes available: 2708594 FIX: Locked page allocations are enabled without any warning after you upgrade to SQL Server 2012 - http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2708594/EN-US 2688697 FIX: Out-of-memory error when you run an instance of SQL Server 2012 on a computer that uses NUMA - http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2688697/EN-US Originally posted at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlosteam/

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  • Best memory allocation strategy for iOS ?

    - by Mr.Gando
    Hey guys, I'm debating myself about memory allocation on iOS. I write most of my code in C++ and I really like using ObjectPools, FreeLists, etc. In order to pre-allocate a lot of the stuff that I'll be constantly "alloc/dealloc" during the course of my game, ( like particles, game entities, etc ). Still on iOS, it's not like we are developing for a console like PSP, where I can know for fact that I'll get a fixed amount of memory. iOS , will issue "memory warnings" when the system needs memory. Does anyone have some suggestions about this ? Is it too serious since the new iPod touch/iPhone 4 are carrying more RAM ? or it's still a big concern ? Thanks!

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  • Swap is not copied back into physical memory

    - by GradGuy
    I have a question regarding swap and physical memory. Often times I run a program that requires a lot of memory and as a result I can see some of the data is copied from the physical memory into swap. However, once the program is terminated, and the physical memory is freed I can still see a considerable amount of data on swap which significantly slows down the system and is annoying! What is the reason behind this and how does the OS decide which part of data should go to swap? How long is this data supposed to be there and how is it "freed"?

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  • NPOT texture and video memory usage

    - by Eonil
    I read in this QA that NPOT will take memory as much as next POT sized texture. It means it doesn't give any benefit than POT texture with proper management. (maybe even worse because NPOT should be slower!) Is this true? Does NPOT texture take and waste same memory like POT texture? I am considering NPOT texture for post-processing, so if it doesn't give memory space benefit, using of NPOT texture is meaningless to me. Maybe answer can be different for each platforms. I am targeting mobile devices. Such as iPhone or Androids. Does NPOT texture takes same amount of memory on mobile GPUs?

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  • Aide On a Low Memory System

    - by Jason Mock
    I have a Linux server running on a Linode.com VPS, where I'm trying to utilize aide to detect any issues. However, the nightly aide run uses up all of my available memory and swap (512MB RAM / 384MB SWAP). I've tried adding a script to /etc/cron.daily that would stop/start services using a lot of memory (apache2, mysql) during the aide run. Unfortunately, it seems like aide continued to use every available byte (including the space freed up from apache2 and mysql). Here's a graph from munin showing what happens when aide runs: Note the spike of memory usage, well into swap, when aide runs Any suggestions on tuning aide to not use so much memory, or is there an alternative to aide that doesn't behave this way?

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  • UL+CSS for grid layout

    - by nailxx
    Hi all, I have a server-generated html like: <ul> <li><!-- few nested elements that form a block --></li> <li><!-- few nested elements that form anaother block --></li> <li><!-- etc, X times --></li> </ul> All blocks have known width 200px and unknown height. I want <li> to be arranged in table-like fashion like this: What I have for now is following css: li { display: block; width: 200px; float: left; margin: 10px; } All is fine except that columns don't get equal height. And in example above block #4 “snatch” at #1 and the result isn't what I'm trying to achieve: Is there any pure-CSS cross-browser way that will allow grid layout I want and will not enforce markup change?

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  • Some problems with the keyboard layout

    - by user203053
    When I press some keys, sometimes some letters are replaced by others. For example e is replaced with "0we" and c with "x9a". Also other keys are changed. My keyboard layout is actually German. But whenever this problem occurs, it changes to English and I cannot change it back. Occasionally everything works fine. How do I find out whether the keyboard is damaged or just some settings are not right?

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  • High memory utilization by sqlservr.exe process

    - by abdul samad
    Sub:High memory utilization by sqlservr.exe process. When I look into task manager --processes or by using perfmon memory counters(Sqlserver:memory manager:Target server memory and Total server memory) I am getting high memory utilization by sqlservr.exe process nearly 8 GB (Target server memory counter) and 7.95 GB (Total server memory). and when I restart the MSSQLSERVER service it again shoots up to the same size. I am getting this issue quite frequently. Please help me out in identifying why sql server is using so much memory and how to find out what query , stored procedure etc is making sql server use that much memory. * I am not using any triggers or cursors in my code. Thanks

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  • Some Memory Slots Not Working on MSI FM2-A85XA-G65 Motherboard

    - by Mike Ciaraldi
    Short version of question: Does anyone have an MSI FM2-A85XA-G65 motherboard, who can confirm that all four memory slots work? Long version: Several months ago I bought an MSI FM2-A85XA-G65 motherboard at Newegg. At that point I installed an AMD A8-5500 processor and two sticks of Corsair Vengeance 8 GB DDR3-1866 memory, and put it into my file server. I installed the RAM in slots 1 and 3, as directed in the manual, to enable dual-channel memory access. It seemed to work fine, so I bought a second identical mobo (which arrived dead, but was quickly replaced by Newegg) and set of RAM, installed an A10-5800K, and put that into my production Linux machine. Again, it seemed to work well. Eventually I happened to notice that on the server only 8 GB of RAM appeared in the BIOS. I tried each of the slots and memory modules individually and in various combinations. I even swapped processors with the production machine. The result was that putting memory in slots 1 and 2 worked (showing a total of 16 GB), but any memory in slots 3 or 4 was not recognized. However, all four memory slots in the production machine worked, and I confirmed this with both processors. I contacted MSI and arranged to ship the defective mobo back to them for replacement under warranty. I did not want my file server to be down in the interim, and I had another machine I wanted to upgrade, so I bought a third identical mobo to use. That one had the same problem -- only memory slots 1 and 2 worked. I tested it thoroughly with multiple processors and memory sticks. I sent the defective mobo back to MSI and they sent me a new one. This has the same memory slot problem. So I sent it back. The replacement arrived the other day and shows the same problem. I contacted MSI yet again and they said that nobody else has reported memory slot problems on this board and it must be my processor. So my score so far is, out of six boards of this model, I have: One where all four slots work. One which was dead on arrival. Four where only memory slots 1 and 2 work. Before I tear my other machines apart and start swapping processors again I thought I would ask if anyone else has this exact model motherboard and could confirm that all four memory slots either do or do not work. According to MSI you should be able to just plug a single memory module into any of the slots and it will work (and it does on the one mobo I have which works correctly). If you have not yet used all four slots, this is a good time to test them so you know if you can expand your memory in the future. Thanks in advance to anyone who can help.

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  • Fastest Memory (within reason) for a MotherBoard [on hold]

    - by sampson
    I was wondering if it would be OK to use DDR3 3000 memory with Asus Maximus VI Impact MotherBoard, Intel® Core™ i3-4130T Processor and Steamcom's FC8 case The purpose of this machine is for a HTPC (Home Theater Personal Computer) system, only, no gaming. The case is fan less as is the CPU cooling system. Also, would it be worth it, heat wise, to go past the 1600 memory type? I mean, would DDR 3000 make the box that much faster to make it worthwhile? The Processor has a TDP rating of 35 W. The memory specifications for the processor are: Memory Specifications Max Memory Size (dependent on memory type) 32 GB Memory Types DDR3-1333/1600 # of Memory Channels 2 Max Memory Bandwidth 25.6 GB/s ECC Memory Supported ‡ Yes The FC8 case's heat displacement system is rated at 95 W TDP

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  • ruby/ruby on rails memory leak detection

    - by Josh Moore
    I wrote a small web app using ruby on rails, its main purpose is to upload, store, and display results from xml(files can be up to several MB) files. After running for about 2 months I noticed that the mongrel process was using about 4GB of memory. I did some research on debugging ruby memory leaks and could not find much. So I have two questions. Are there any good tools that can be used to find memory leaks in Ruby/rails? What type of coding patterns cause memory leaks in ruby?

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  • How important is managing memory in Objective-C?

    - by Alex Mcp
    Background: I'm (jumping on the bandwagon and) starting learning about iPhone/iPad development and Objective-C. I have a great background in web development and most of my programming is done in javascript (no libraries), Ruby, and PHP. Question: I'm learning about allocating and releasing memory in Objective-C, and I see it as quite a tricky task to layer on top of actually getting the farking thing to run. I'm trying to get a sense of applications that are out there and what will happen with a poorly memory-managed program. A) Are apps usually released with no memory leaks? Is this a feasible goal, or do people more realistically just excise the worst offenders and that's ok? B) If I make an NSString for a title of a view, let's say, and forget to deallocate it it, does this really only become a problem if I recreate that string repeatedly? I imagine what I'm doing is creating an overhead of the memory needed to store that string, so it's probably quite piddling (a few bytes?) However if I have a rapidly looping cycle in a game that 'leaks' an int every cycle or something, that would overflow the app quite quickly. Are these assumptions correct? Sorry if this isn't up the community-wiki alley, I'm just trying to get a handle on how to think about memory and how careful I'll need to be. Any anecdotes or App Store-submitted app experiences would be awesome to hear as well.

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  • Memory layout of executable

    - by Ross
    Hi all, When loading an executable then segments like the code, data, bss and so on need to be placed in memory. I am just wondering, if someone could tell me where on a standard x86 for example the libc library is placed. Is that at the top or bottom of memory. My guess is at the bottom, close to the application code, ie., that would look something like this here: --------- 0x1000 Stack | V ^ | Heap ---------- Data + BSS ---------- App Code ---------- libc ---------- 0x0000 Thanks a lot, Ross

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  • How do I mock memory allocation failures ?

    - by Andrei Ciobanu
    I want to extensively test some pieces of C code for memory leaks. On my machine I have 4 Gb of RAM, so it's very unlikely for a dynamic memory allocation to fail. Still I want to see the comportment of the code if memory allocation fails, and see if the recover mechanism is "strong" enough. What do you suggest ? How do I emulate an environment with lower memory specs ? How do i mock my tests ? EDIT: I want my tests to be code independent. I only have "access" to return values for different functions in the library I am testing. I am not supposed to write "test logic" inside the code I am testing.

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  • Memory usage in Flash / Flex / AS3

    - by ggambett
    I'm having some trouble with memory management in a flash app. Memory usage grows quite a bit, and I've tracked it down to the way I load assets. I embed several raster images in a class Embedded, like this [Embed(source="/home/gabriel/text_hard.jpg")] public static var ASSET_text_hard_DOT_jpg : Class; I then instance the assets this way var pClass : Class = Embedded[sResource] as Class; return new pClass() as Bitmap; At this point, memory usage goes up, which is perfectly normal. However, nulling all the references to the object doesn't free the memory. Based on this behavior, looks like the flash player is creating an instance of the class the first time I request it, but never ever releases it - not without references, calling System.gc(), doing the double LocalConnection trick, or calling dispose() on the BitmapData objects. Of course, this is very undesirable - memory usage would grow until everything in the SWFs is instanced, regardless of whether I stopped using some asset long ago. Is my analysis correct? Can anything be done to fix this?

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  • Protecting an Application's Memory From Tampering

    - by Changeling
    We are adding AES 256 bit encryption to our server and client applications for encrypting the TCP/IP traffic containing sensitive information. We will be rotating the keys daily. Because of that, the keys will be stored in memory with the applications. Key distribution process: Each server and client will have a list of initial Key Encryption Key's (KEK) by day If the client has just started up or the server has just started up, the client will request the daily key from the server using the initial key. The server will respond with the daily key, encrypted with the initial key. The daily key is a randomly generated set of alphanumeric characters. We are using AES 256 bit encryption. All subsequent communications will be encrypted using that daily key. Nightly, the client will request the new daily key from the server using the current daily key as the current KEK. After the client gets the new key, the new daily key will replace the old daily key. Is it possible for another bad application to gain access to this memory illegally or is this protected in Windows? The key will not be written to a file, only stored in a variable in memory. If an application can access the memory illegally, how can you protect the memory from tampering? We are using C++ and XP (Vista/7 may be an option in the future so I don't know if that changes the answer).

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  • Memory Warning but Small Live Bytes

    - by Kamchatka
    Hi everyone, In my application, I get a memory warning of level 1 and then 2 after repeating some action (choosing a picture + processing) several times and then a crash. The leak tool doesn't show any leak. I'm also following the Allocations tool in Instruments and my Live Bytes are roughly 4 MB, overall I allocate 113 MB. At maximum I have maybe 20 MB in memory when the picture is loaded. Since I have to repeat an action to get to the crash, it is very likely to be a memory leak. However, I don't know how to locate it since my live bytes are 4 MB and things supposed to be allocated (apart a small leak of ~100 KB in the UIImagePickerController). How much can I trust the memory leak/allocation tools? Would you have an advice to help me locate the reason of the problem?

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  • Objective-c for the iphone: Mystery memory leak

    - by user200341
    My application seems to have 4 memory leaks (on the device, running instruments). The memory leaks seems to come from this code: NSURL *url = [self getUrl:destination]; [destination release]; NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url]; [url release]; [request setHTTPMethod:@"GET"]; [request addValue:@"application/json" forHTTPHeaderField:@"content-type"]; NSURLConnection *connection = [[NSURLConnection alloc]initWithRequest:request delegate:self]; [request release]; [connection release]; I am releasing all my objects as far as I can see but it's still showing this as the source of the 4 memory leaks. This is on the Device running 3.1.3 Is it acceptable to have a few memory leaks in your app or do they all have to go?

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