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• dhclient requests filling memory?

  - by shanethehat

  Dammit Jim, I'm a web developer, not a sys admin. With that out of the way, my client's has a CentOS server (6.2) that is only serving a single Magento site (and the associated MySQL server) and it is frequently running out of memory, despite the site only currently being open to 5 users. I'm investigating the logs to try to figure out why the memory usage is so high, but I don't really know what I'm looking at. It seems that there are a lot of entries in /var/log/messages concerning DHCP requests, approximately one every 15 seconds, that look like this: Apr 7 14:23:06 s15940039 dhclient[815]: DHCPREQUEST on eth0 to 172.30.102.85 port 67 (xid=0x6b5cd2a7) Is this normal? I don't see anything else in here that I don't recognise, but then I'm not sure I'd know the problem if I did see it. 4 days ago the server ran out of memory completely and locked up, requiring a restart. The DHCP messages did not start up again for 23 hours, but then carried on as before. I have read this question which describes the same issue, but in my case a fresh DHCP lease does not ever seem to be issued. Is this something I should push back to the hosting provider, or have I not yet found the source of the memory problem?

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• What causes memory fragmentation in .NET

  - by Matt

  I am using Red Gates ANTS memory profiler to debug a memory leak. It keeps warning me that: Memory Fragmentation may be causing .NET to reserver too much free memory. or Memory Fragmentation is affecting the size of the largest object that can be allocated Because I have OCD, this problem must be resolved. What are some standard coding practices that help avoid memory fragmentation. Can you defragment it through some .NET methods? Would it even help?

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• Analyzing Memory Usage: Java vs C++ Negligible?

  - by Anthony

  How does the memory usage of an integer object written in Java compare\contrast with the memory usage of a integer object written in C++? Is the difference negligible? No difference? A big difference? I'm guessing it's the same because an int is an int regardless of the language (?) The reason why I asked this is because I was reading about the importance of knowing when a program's memory requirements will prevent the programmer from solving a given problem. What fascinated me is the amount of memory required for creating a single Java object. Take for example, an integer object. Correct me if I'm wrong but a Java integer object requires 24 bytes of memory: 4 bytes for its int instance variable 16 bytes of overhead (reference to the object's class, garbage collection info & synchronization info) 4 bytes of padding As another example, a Java array (which is implemented as an object) requires 48+bytes: 24 bytes of header info 16 bytes of object overhead 4 bytes for length 4 bytes for padding plus the memory needed to store the values How do these memory usages compare with the same code written in C++? I used to be oblivious about the memory usage of the C++ and Java programs I wrote, but now that I'm beginning to learn about algorithms, I'm having a greater appreciation for the computer's resources.

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• Sun T5120: Memory issue with 8GB DIMMs, "Unsupported memory configuration"

  - by watain

  I'm trying to upgrade RAM in a Sun T5120 server, replacing 2GB (Sun P/N: 501-7953-01) with 8GB DIMMs (Sun P/N: 511-1262-01). When bringing up the host system, I get the following errors on the ILOM: -> show faulty Target | Property | Value --------------------+------------------------+--------------------------------- /SP/faultmgmt/0 | fru | /SYS/MB /SP/faultmgmt/0/ | timestamp | Dec 14 15:29:42 faults/0 | | /SP/faultmgmt/0/ | sp_detected_fault | /SYS/MB/CMP0/MCU3 Forced fail faults/0 | | (IBIST) /SP/faultmgmt/0/ | timestamp | Dec 14 15:29:28 faults/1 | | /SP/faultmgmt/0/ | sp_detected_fault | /SYS/MB/CMP0/MCU2 Forced fail faults/1 | | (IBIST) /SP/faultmgmt/0/ | timestamp | Dec 14 15:29:13 faults/2 | | /SP/faultmgmt/0/ | sp_detected_fault | /SYS/MB/CMP0/MCU1 Forced fail faults/2 | | (IBIST) /SP/faultmgmt/0/ | timestamp | Dec 14 15:28:59 faults/3 | | /SP/faultmgmt/0/ | sp_detected_fault | /SYS/MB/CMP0/MCU0 Forced fail faults/3 | | (IBIST) /SP/faultmgmt/1 | fru | /SYS /SP/faultmgmt/1/ | timestamp | Dec 14 15:29:42 faults/0 | | /SP/faultmgmt/1/ | sp_detected_fault | Dec 14 15:29:42 ERROR: faults/0 | | Unsupported memory | | configuration As you can see, the only error message I get is "Unsupported memory configuration". Note that I'm absolutely sure that I placed in the DIMMs in the correct slots. Might this issue be related to the Voltage of the DIMMs? Any suggestions on how to trouble-shoot this issue? This issue seems to be similar to the one explained at "Inserted disabled" while upgrading Sun Sparc t5120 memory. However the given link http://docs.sun.com/source/820-4445-10/chapter1.html seems to point to an inexistent page...

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• iPhone - Memory Management - Using Leaks tool and getting some bizarre readings.

  - by Robert

  Hey all, putting the finishing touches on a project of mine so I figured I would run through it and see if and where I had any memory leaks. Found and fixed most of them but there are a couple of things regarding the memory leaks and object alloc that I am confused about. 1) There are 2 memory leaks that do not show me as responsible. There are 8 leaks attributed to AudioToolbox with the function being RegisterEmbeddedAudioCodecs(). This accounts for about 1.5 kb of leaks. The other one is detected immediately when the app begins. Core Graphics is responsible with the extra info being open_handle_to_dylib_path. For the audio leak I have looked over my audio code and to me it seems ok. self.musicPlayer = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:songFilePath] error:NULL]; [musicPlayer prepareToPlay]; [musicPlayer play] is called later on in a function. 2) Is it normal for there to be a spike in Object Allocation whenever a new view or controller is presented? My total memory usage is very, very low except for whenever I present a view controller. It spikes then immediately goes back down. I am guessing that this is just the phone handling all the information for switching or something. Blegh. Wall of text. Thanks in advance to anyone who helps! =)

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• Out of memory Problem

  - by Sunil

  I'm running a C++ program in Ubuntu 10.04 (32-bit system architecture). If I calculate the amount of memory that my program uses, it comes up to 800MB. I have a 4GB RAM in place. But still before the program even finishes it throws an out of memory exception. Why is that happening ? Is it because of the structure of the memory or implementation problems or what could possibly trigger this issue ? I've had seen this problem quite a number of times before but never understood the reason behind it. Have any of you handled this case before ?

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• Munin fills server memory

  - by danilo

  In the last weeks, it happened several times to me that my vserver (Debian Lenny) was out of RAM (500M) and therefore wasn't able to run apache anymore. When looking at the processes with top, I saw that there were many open munin-limits and munin-cron processes that consumed most of the memory. My guess would be that sometimes Apache temporarily needs more memory, which prevents munin-cron from running. And if munin-cron isn't able to stop itself, it would fill the memory until nothing is left. I don't know whether this guess is true, but could maybe someone know what the problem is and how to prevent it? If necessary I'll remove munin, but I'd prefer to keep it running.

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• How is dynamic memory allocation handled when extreme reliability is required?

  - by sharptooth

  Looks like dynamic memory allocation without garbage collection is a way to disaster. Dangling pointers there, memory leaks here. Very easy to plant an error that is sometimes hard to find and that has severe consequences. How are these problems addressed when mission-critical programs are written? I mean if I write a program that controls a spaceship like Voyager 1 that has to run for years and leave a smallest leak that leak can accumulate and halt the program sooner or later and when that happens it translates into epic fail. How is dynamic memory allocation handled when a program needs to be extremely reliable?

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• In Ubuntu 13.10, none of the hotkeys of LibreOffice works in non-English keyboard layout

  - by maqtanim

  In Ubuntu 13.10, the hotkeys/shortcut-keys (Ctrl+b, Ctrl+s etc) in LibreOffice are language dependent and work in English language only. While writing in any other language (i.e. any Cyrillic and/or any Bengali etc) it's impossible to use hotkeys, they just don't do anything. Switching to English input language enable hotkeys once again. This is very frustrating as user needs to switch language to save document, to make it bold, or italic, etc. This was not experienced in Ubuntu 13.04. Steps to reproduce: System Settings Text Entry. Add another keyboard layout beside English [In my case it is Bengali (Probhat)] Now launch Writer. Switch the keyboard layout from English (US) to Bengali (Probhat) by pressing Ctrl+Space. Press Ctrl+B to change font weight to bold. Error: Font weight does not get changed. Expected: Font weight should change to bold. Note: none other system hotkeys work as expected. I.e. Ctrl+s to save, or Ctrl+b to subscript, or Ctrl+i to italic etc. Workaround: The only way is to - change the keyboard layout to English then press desired hotkey then switch keyboard layout back to Bengali. The issue is critical, as it make writer very slow for keyboard-only typing.

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• Keyboard layout hung up

  - by Erlend

  I have a problem with the keyboard layout. I use Ubuntu 12.04. I configured the layout so that I could interchange between a Norwegian and Hebrew keyboard. The system language of my Ubuntu is Norwegian and both my user name and password are written in latin characters. I had been typing Hebrew for some while, then I left the computer for a break. When I came back, I had to unlock the account but then the keyboard layout was locked in a Hebrew keyboard layout and I could not switch back to Norwegian. I tried to reboot the machine and to turn it off and on but not matter what I did I could only type Hebrew letters. So it was impossible for me to login with my own account which had a password written with latin characters. Finally I gave up and installed Ubuntu from scratch. Now I would like to be able to change between Hebrew and Norwegian keyboard layouts but I don't dare to do it before I know what went wrong. Any solutions?

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• SQL SERVER – Weekly Series – Memory Lane – #053 – Final Post in Series

  - by Pinal Dave

  It has been a fantastic journey to write memory lane series for an entire year. This series gave me the opportunity to go back and see what I have contributed to this blog throughout the last 7 years. This was indeed fantastic series as this provided me the opportunity to witness how technology has grown throughout the year and how I have progressed in my career while writing this blog post. This series was indeed fantastic experience readers as many joined during the last few years and were not sure what they have missed in recent years. Let us continue with the final episode of the Memory Lane Series. Here is the list of selected articles of SQLAuthority.com across all these years. Instead of just listing all the articles I have selected a few of my most favorite articles and have listed them here with additional notes below it. Let me know which one of the following is your favorite article from memory lane. 2007 Get Current User – Get Logged In User Here is the straight script which list logged in SQL Server users. Disable All Triggers on a Database – Disable All Triggers on All Servers Question : How to disable all the triggers for a database? Additionally, how to disable all the triggers for all servers? For answer execute the script in the blog post. Importance of Master Database for SQL Server Startup I have received following questions many times. I will list all the questions here and answer them together. What is the purpose of Master database? Should our backup Master database? Which database is must have database for SQL Server for startup? Which are the default system database created when SQL Server 2005 is installed for the first time? What happens if Master database is corrupted? Answers to all of the questions are very much related. 2008 DECLARE Multiple Variables in One Statement SQL Server is a great product and it has many features which are very unique to SQL Server. Regarding feature of SQL Server where multiple variable can be declared in one statement, it is absolutely possible to do. 2009 How to Enable Index – How to Disable Index – Incorrect syntax near ‘ENABLE’ Many times I have seen that the index is disabled when there is a large update operation on the table. Bulk insert of very large file updates in any table using SSIS is usually preceded by disabling the index and followed by enabling the index. I have seen many developers running the following query to disable the index. 2010 List of all the Views from Database Many emails I received suggesting that they have hundreds of the view and now have no clue what is going on and how many of them have indexes and how many does not have an index. Some even asked me if there is any way they can get a list of the views with the property of Index along with it. Here is the quick script which does exactly the same. You can also include many other columns from the same view. Minimum Maximum Memory – Server Memory Options I was recently reading about SQL Server Memory Options over here. While reading this one line really caught my attention is minimum value allowed for maximum memory options. The default setting for min server memory is 0, and the default setting for max server memory is 2147483647. The minimum amount of memory you can specify for max server memory is 16 megabytes (MB). 2011 Fundamentals of Columnstore Index There are two kinds of storage in a database. Row Store and Column Store. Row store does exactly as the name suggests – stores rows of data on a page – and column store stores all the data in a column on the same page. These columns are much easier to search – instead of a query searching all the data in an entire row whether the data are relevant or not, column store queries need only to search a much lesser number of the columns. How to Ignore Columnstore Index Usage in Query In summary the question in simple words “How can we ignore using the column store index in selective queries?” Very interesting question – you can use I can understand there may be the cases when the column store index is not ideal and needs to be ignored the same. You can use the query hint IGNORE_NONCLUSTERED_COLUMNSTORE_INDEX to ignore the column store index. The SQL Server Engine will use any other index which is best after ignoring the column store index. 2012 Storing Variable Values in Temporary Array or Temporary List SQL Server does not support arrays or a dynamic length storage mechanism like list. Absolutely there are some clever workarounds and few extra-ordinary solutions but everybody can;t come up with such solution. Additionally, sometime the requirements are very simple that doing extraordinary coding is not required. Here is the simple case. Move Database Files MDF and LDF to Another Location It is not common to keep the Database on the same location where OS is installed. Usually Database files are in SAN, Separate Disk Array or on SSDs. This is done usually for performance reason and manageability perspective. Now the challenges comes up when database which was installed at not preferred default location and needs to move to a different location. Here is the quick tutorial how you can do it. UNION ALL and ORDER BY – How to Order Table Separately While Using UNION ALL If your requirement is such that you want your top and bottom query of the UNION resultset independently sorted but in the same result set you can add an additional static column and order by that column. Let us re-create the same scenario. Copy Data from One Table to Another Table – SQL in Sixty Seconds #031 – Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVWIA-ACMNo Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: Memory Lane, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Memory Usage for Databases on Linux

  - by Kyle Brandt

  So with free output what we care about with application memory usage is generally the amount of free memory in the -/+ buffers/cache line. What about with database applications such as Oracle, is it important to have a good amount of cached and buffers available for a database to run well with all the IO? If that makes any sense, how do you figure out just how much?

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• MVC 2 View Layout CSS Control Layout

  - by Cory Mathewson

  I'm new to a lot of what I'm trying to do with the development of a new MVC2 web application so this is a beginner question. I need to understand my options for control and content layout on a web page. I’m using MVC2 so I’m using Controllers, Views, ViewModels, and View Templates. What I need to spin up on…fast…is control the granular layout of controls and content on any particular view. Below I’ve pasted two examples of auto generated templates that illustrate my challenge. I see that layout is controlled by CSS in my Site.css document. In the first example I get a sequential flow of DisplayLabel and DisplayField. I prefer the adjacent layout of DisplayLabel on the same line as DisplayField produced from example 2. However, example 2 is too simple because the formatting is applied to the Label and the Field. I think the correct way to tackle this learning curve is Microsoft Expression but I don’t have personal bandwidth at the moment to tackle Expression. Can anyone point me to a resource that will expose me to lots of examples for CSS formatting? I have lots of syntax questions. For instance, I believe is referencing the Site.css but I can’t find a "display-label" section in Site.css. Example 1 <fieldset> <legend>Fields</legend> <div class="display-label">DocTitle</div> <div class="display-field"><%: Model.DocTitle %></div> <div class="display-label">DocoumentPropertiesID</div> <div class="display-field"><%: Model.DocumentPropertiesID %></div> Example 2 <h2>Title: <%: Model.DocTitle %></h2> <h2>Created: <%: Model.Created %></h2> <h2>Modified: <%: Model.Modified %></h2> <h2>Author: <%: Model.tbl_Author.Name %></h2> <h2>Genre: <%: Model.tbl_DocumentGenre.GenreName %></h2>

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• Changes to keyboard layout resetted on restart

  - by Matthieu Napoli

  I edited /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/fr to customize the french-dvorak layout. I then selected french-dvorak layout (instead of french). Now when I restart Ubuntu, I end up with the non-edited french-dvorak (my changes are ignored). But if I switch to french, then back to french-dvorak, my changes are now taken into account... How can I have my custom french-dvorak on startup? Is there some sort of cached version of the keyboard layout? I don't understand how it can switch me to the official french-dvorak because I changed it, so it should no longer exist.

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• Embedded Linux: Memory Fragmentation

  - by waffleman

  In many embedded systems, memory fragmentation is a concern. Particularly, for software that runs for long periods of time (months, years, etc...). For many projects, the solution is to simply not use dynamic memory allocation such as malloc/free and new/delete. Global memory is used whenever possible and memory pools for types that are frequently allocated and deallocated are good strategies to avoid dynamic memory management use. In Embedded Linux how is this addressed? I see many libraries use dynamic memory. Is there mechanism that the OS uses to prevent memory fragmentation? Does it clean up the heap periodically? Or should one avoid using these libraries in an embedded environment?

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• How to store bitmaps in memory?

  - by Geotarget

  I'm working with general purpose image rendering, and high-performance image processing, and so I need to know how to store bitmaps in-memory. (24bpp/32bpp, compressed/raw, etc) I'm not working with 3D graphics or DirectX / OpenGL rendering and so I don't need to use graphics card compatible bitmap formats. My questions: What is the "usual" or "normal" way to store bitmaps in memory? (in C++ engines/projects?) How to store bitmaps for high-performance algorithms, such that read/write times are the fastest? (fixed array? with/without padding? 24-bpp or 32-bpp?) How to store bitmaps for applications handling a lot of bitmap data, to minimize memory usage? (JPEG? or a faster [de]compression algorithm?) Some possible methods: Use a fixed packed 24-bpp or 32-bpp int[] array and simply access pixels using pointer access, all pixels are allocated in one continuous memory chunk (could be 1-10 MB) Use a form of "sparse" data storage so each line of the bitmap is allocated separately, reusing more memory and requiring smaller contiguous memory segments Store bitmaps in its compressed form (PNG, JPG, GIF, etc) and unpack only when its needed, reducing the amount of memory used. Delete the unpacked data if its not used for 10 secs.

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• Recommended formats to store bitmaps in memory?

  - by Geotarget

  I'm working with general purpose image rendering, and high-performance image processing, and so I need to know how to store bitmaps in-memory. (24bpp/32bpp, compressed/raw, etc) I'm not working with 3D graphics or DirectX / OpenGL rendering and so I don't need to use graphics card compatible bitmap formats. My questions: What is the "usual" or "normal" way to store bitmaps in memory? (in C++ engines/projects?) How to store bitmaps for high-performance algorithms, such that read/write times are the fastest? (fixed array? with/without padding? 24-bpp or 32-bpp?) How to store bitmaps for applications handling a lot of bitmap data, to minimize memory usage? (JPEG? or a faster [de]compression algorithm?) Some possible methods: Use a fixed packed 24-bpp or 32-bpp int[] array and simply access pixels using pointer access, all pixels are allocated in one continuous memory chunk (could be 1-10 MB) Use a form of "sparse" data storage so each line of the bitmap is allocated separately, reusing more memory and requiring smaller contiguous memory segments Store bitmaps in its compressed form (PNG, JPG, GIF, etc) and unpack only when its needed, reducing the amount of memory used. Delete the unpacked data if its not used for 10 secs.

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• Android text layout question: two textviews, side-by-side, with different layout alignments and weights

  - by thx1200

  I'm still a bit of an Android noob, forgive me if this is simple and I'm just not seeing it. There are two portions of text in a view that spans the entire width horizontally, but is only as high as one line of text. The left side must always be displayed in full, but should take no more horizontal space than it needs. The right side should be pushed over by the left side and fill up the remainder of the screen width. If the right side text is smaller than this width, the text should be right-aligned horizontally. If the text is greater than the width, it should scroll horizontally. The text on the right side will be updated frequently and should slide up with new text when the app tells it (explaining the TextSwitcher in the layout). I have tried two different layout styles. In both situations, I can get the left side to "push" the layout, the right side to scroll, but I can't figure out how to get the right side to right align. It is always left aligned. Here is a picture showing what is happening... http://img10.imageshack.us/img10/5599/androidlayout.png In addition (but less important), in my layout code I have android:fadingEdge="none" on the TextViews, but it still has a faded edge on the left and right side when it scrolls. Why is that? Here are the two layouts I created, which yield the results shown, but not the results I want. Using a horizontal LinearLayout... <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/LinearLayoutStatusBar" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="2px" android:background="#555555" > <TextView android:id="@+id/TextViewTimer" android:textSize="18px" android:textColor="#FFFFFF" android:layout_gravity="left" android:layout_weight="0" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginLeft="0px" android:layout_marginRight="3px" android:text="Left Side" > </TextView> <TextSwitcher android:id="@+id/TextSwitcherDetails" android:inAnimation="@anim/push_up_in" android:outAnimation="@anim/push_up_out" android:layout_weight="1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_gravity="right" android:layout_marginLeft="3px" android:layout_marginRight="0px" > <TextView android:id="@+id/TextViewDetails1" android:textSize="18px" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_gravity="right" android:singleLine="true" android:ellipsize="marquee" android:marqueeRepeatLimit="marquee_forever" android:scrollHorizontally="true" android:focusable="true" android:focusableInTouchMode="true" android:fadingEdge="none" android:text="Right Side 1" > </TextView> <TextView android:id="@+id/TextViewDetails2" android:textSize="18px" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_gravity="right" android:singleLine="true" android:ellipsize="marquee" android:marqueeRepeatLimit="marquee_forever" android:scrollHorizontally="true" android:focusable="true" android:focusableInTouchMode="true" android:fadingEdge="none" android:text="Right Side 2 - This is a really long text this is long and fun and fun and long" > </TextView> </TextSwitcher> </LinearLayout> And the RelativeLayout style... <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/LinearLayoutStatusBar" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="2px" android:background="#555555" > <TextView android:id="@+id/TextViewTimer" android:textSize="18px" android:textColor="#FFFFFF" android:layout_gravity="left" android:layout_weight="0" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginLeft="0px" android:layout_marginRight="3px" android:layout_alignParentLeft="true" android:text="Left Side" > </TextView> <TextSwitcher android:id="@+id/TextSwitcherDetails" android:inAnimation="@anim/push_up_in" android:outAnimation="@anim/push_up_out" android:layout_weight="1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginLeft="3px" android:layout_marginRight="0px" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/TextViewTimer" android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:fadingEdge="none" android:fadingEdgeLength="0px" > <TextView android:id="@+id/TextViewDetails1" android:textSize="18px" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_gravity="right" android:singleLine="true" android:ellipsize="marquee" android:marqueeRepeatLimit="marquee_forever" android:scrollHorizontally="true" android:focusable="true" android:focusableInTouchMode="true" android:fadingEdge="none" android:fadingEdgeLength="0px" android:text="Right Side 1" > </TextView> <TextView android:id="@+id/TextViewDetails2" android:textSize="18px" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_gravity="right" android:singleLine="true" android:ellipsize="marquee" android:marqueeRepeatLimit="marquee_forever" android:scrollHorizontally="true" android:focusable="true" android:focusableInTouchMode="true" android:fadingEdge="none" android:fadingEdgeLength="0px" android:text="Right Side 2 - This is a really long text this is long and fun and fun and long" > </TextView> </TextSwitcher> </RelativeLayout> So how do I get that text on the right side to right-align. Thanks!

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• Finding source of leaking active memory on Mac OS Lion

  - by Tim Kemp

  My activity monitor shows 6GB of active RAM usage: Yet my Real Memory column shows nothing like that amount: (There's another screenful below that, all smaller.) Backing that up, the output from this command (which sums up memory usage of every running process): ps -axm -o "rss,comm" | awk 'BEGIN { s=0;}; {s=s+$1;}; END { printf("%.2f GB\n", (s/1024.0/1024));}' Gives 4.09GB, so it looks to me like 2GB has leaked. I see much wider ranges sometimes, perhaps 2 or 3GB from the ps command and as much as 7 or 8GB of Active usage reported by Activity Monitor. I've tried quitting everything and logging my user out and back in again, but the Active usage is still far higher than the RAM reported by ps and by each process to Activity Monitor. This 2GB of active RAM is basically unrecoverable unless I reboot. Is there any way to a) detect what's leaking and b) get it back? Thanks

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• Memory limiting solutions for greedy applications that can crash OS?

  - by Hooked

  I use my computer for scientific programming. It has a healthy 8GB of RAM and 12GB of swap space. Often, as my problems have gotten larger, I exceed all of the available RAM. Rather than crashing (which would be preferred), it seems Ubuntu starts loading everything into swap, including Unity and any open terminals. If I don't catch a run-away program in time, there is nothing I can do but wait - it takes 4-5 minutes to switch to a command prompt eg. Ctrl-Alt-F2 where I can kill the offending process. Since my own stupidity is out of scope of this forum, how can I prevent Ubuntu from crashing via thrashing when I use up all of the available memory from a single offending program? At-home experiment*! Open a terminal, launch python and if you have numpy installed try this: >>> import numpy >>> [numpy.zeros((10**4, 10**4)) for _ in xrange(50)] * Warning: may have adverse effects, monitor the process via iotop or top to kill it in time. If not, I'll see you after your reboot.

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• Monitor and Control Memory Usage in Google Chrome

  - by Asian Angel

  Do you want to know just how much memory Google Chrome and any installed extensions are using at a given moment? With just a few clicks you can see just what is going on under the hood of your browser. How Much Memory are the Extensions Using? Here is our test browser with a new tab and the Extensions Page open, five enabled extensions, and one disabled at the moment. You can access Chrome’s Task Manager using the Page Menu, going to Developer, and selecting Task manager… Or by right clicking on the Tab Bar and selecting Task manager. There is also a keyboard shortcut (Shift + Esc) available for the “keyboard ninjas”. Sitting idle as shown above here are the stats for our test browser. All of the extensions are sitting there eating memory even though some of them are not available/active for use on our new tab and Extensions Page. Not so good… If the default layout is not to your liking then you can easily modify the information that is available by right clicking and adding/removing extra columns as desired. For our example we added Shared Memory & Private Memory. Using the about:memory Page to View Memory Usage Want even more detail? Type about:memory into the Address Bar and press Enter. Note: You can also access this page by clicking on the Stats for nerds Link in the lower left corner of the Task Manager Window. Focusing on the four distinct areas you can see the exact version of Chrome that is currently installed on your system… View the Memory & Virtual Memory statistics for Chrome… Note: If you have other browsers running at the same time you can view statistics for them here too. See a list of the Processes currently running… And the Memory & Virtual Memory statistics for those processes. The Difference with the Extensions Disabled Just for fun we decided to disable all of the extension in our test browser… The Task Manager Window is looking rather empty now but the memory consumption has definitely seen an improvement. Comparing Memory Usage for Two Extensions with Similar Functions For our next step we decided to compare the memory usage for two extensions with similar functionality. This can be helpful if you are wanting to keep memory consumption trimmed down as much as possible when deciding between similar extensions. First up was Speed Dial”(see our review here). The stats for Speed Dial…quite a change from what was shown above (~3,000 – 6,000 K). Next up was Incredible StartPage (see our review here). Surprisingly both were nearly identical in the amount of memory being used. Purging Memory Perhaps you like the idea of being able to “purge” some of that excess memory consumption. With a simple command switch modification to Chrome’s shortcut(s) you can add a Purge Memory Button to the Task Manager Window as shown below.  Notice the amount of memory being consumed at the moment… Note: The tutorial for adding the command switch can be found here. One quick click and there is a noticeable drop in memory consumption. Conclusion We hope that our examples here will prove useful to you in managing the memory consumption in your own Google Chrome installation. If you have a computer with limited resources every little bit definitely helps out. Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Stupid Geek Tricks: Compare Your Browser’s Memory Usage with Google ChromeMonitor CPU, Memory, and Disk IO In Windows 7 with Taskbar MetersFix for Firefox memory leak on WindowsHow to Purge Memory in Google ChromeHow to Make Google Chrome Your Default Browser TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips Acronis Online Backup DVDFab 6 Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows iFixit Offers Gadget Repair Manuals Online Vista style sidebar for Windows 7 Create Nice Charts With These Web Based Tools Track Daily Goals With 42Goals Video Toolbox is a Superb Online Video Editor Fun with 47 charts and graphs

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• Problems using custom keyboard layout / symbols file

  - by January

  I have a custom xkb symbols file which looks as follows: // modify the basic German layout to have polish characters default partial alphanumeric_keys xkb_symbols "basic" { include "de(basic)" name[Group1]="Germany - with polish characters"; key <AD03> { [ e, E, eogonek, Eogonek ] }; key <AD09> { [ o, O, oacute, Oacute ] }; key <AC01> { [ a, A, aogonek, Aogonek ] }; key <AC02> { [ s, S, sacute, Sacute ] }; key <AD06> { [ z, Z, zabovedot, Zabovedot ] }; key <AB02> { [ x, X, zacute, Zacute ] }; key <AB03> { [ c, C, cacute, Cacute ] }; key <AB06> { [ n, N, nacute, Nacute ] }; }; The name of the file is depl. I copy the file to /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols and it works with setxkbmap depl. However, I also tried to add the respective menu entries in the "Text Entry" customization. I have modified the file /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.xml and added the following section: <layout> <configItem> <name>depl</name> <shortDescription>depl</shortDescription> <description>German (with Polish characters)</description> <languageList> <iso639Id>ger</iso639Id> </languageList> </configItem> </layout> I have then reconfigured the xkb data with sudo dpkg-reconfigure xkb-data. It works in as much as that the new layout appears as a viable option in the Text Entry dialog, it can be added to the list of dialogs and is visible in the application indicator: However, it does not work, the new symbols are not loaded. No errors are reported in /var/log/Xorg.0.log.

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• Change keyboard layout while entering start-up password.

  - by Rogue

  I installed Windows 7 with the QWERTY keyboard layout, but have recently started using DVORAK layout so I changed it from Control Panel - Regional and Language Settings and it set DVORAK to default keyboard layout. Recently I added a password to log into the administrator account, the problem is that this password field is set to the QWERTY keyboard layout. When I log into Windows the keyboard layout switches back to DVORAK. How can I set the password field on the log in screen to use the DVORAK layout

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• Clarification of the difference between PCI memory addressing and I/O addressing?

  - by KevinM

  Could someone please clarify the difference between memory and I/O addresses on the PCI/PCIe bus? I understand that I/O addresses are 32-bit, limited to the range 0 to 4GB, and do not map onto system memory (RAM), and that memory addresses are either 32-bit or 64-bit. I get the impression that memory addressing must map onto available RAM, is this true? That if a PCI device wishes to transfer data to a memory address, that address must exist in actual system RAM (and is allocated during PCI configuration) and not virtual memory. So if a PCI device only needs to transfer a small amount of data at a time, where there is no advantage to putting it into RAM or using DMA, then I/O addressing is fine (e.g. a parallel port implemented on a PCI card). And why do I keep reading that PCI/PCIe I/O addressing is being deprecated in favour of memory addressing? Thanks!

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• Large virtual memory size of ElasticSearch JVM

  - by wfaulk

  I am running a JVM to support ElasticSearch. I am still working on sizing and tuning, so I left the JVM's max heap size at ElasticSearch's default of 1GB. After putting data in the database, I find that the JVM's process is showing 50GB in SIZE in top output. It appears that this is actually causing performance problems on the system; other processes are having trouble allocating memory. In asking the ElasticSearch community, they suggested that it's "just" filesystem caching. In my experience, filesystem caching doesn't show up as memory used by a particular process. Of course, they may have been talking about something other than the OS's filesystem cache, maybe something that the JVM or ElasticSearch itself is doing on top of the OS. But they also said that it would be released if needed, and that didn't seem to be happening. So can anyone help me figure out how to tune the JVM, or maybe ElasticSearch itself, to not use so much RAM. System is Solaris 10 x86 with 72GB RAM. JVM is "Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_45-b18)".

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