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  • How many BasicEffects do you have in a Game? What is the best way to render multiple objects/shapes at once?

    - by Deukalion
    I'm trying to understand 3D rendering and it seems that everytime you render a new object (A 3D Cube or something) you need to have a new BasicEffect for each Box you render unless you want the exact same texture? ...so if I have over a hundred boxes with each different textures, I need at least as many BasicEffects? Will that not be "too much" for the CPU/GPU in the end or result in lagging? Is there any good way to render multiple objects (cubes or other shapes) at the same time? I've tried changing the BasicEffect.Texture with each cube drawn, but it resulting in changing the first Cube's texture too. Any suggestions would be really appreciated, I'm really new to 3D in XNA so I'm trying to wrap my head around the best methods for example render a Map with objects (of shapes).

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  • Material System

    - by Towelie
    I'm designing Material/Shader System (target API DX10+ and may be OpenGL3+, now only DX10). I know, there was a lot of topics about this, but i can't find what i need. I don't want to do some kind of compilation/parsing scripts in real-time. So there some artist-created material, written at some analog of CG. After it compiled to hlsl code and after to final shader. Also there are some hard-coded ConstantBuffers, like cbuffer EveryFrameChanging { float4x4 matView; float time; float delta; } And shader use shared constant buffers to get parameters. For each mesh in the scene, getting needs and what it can give (normals, binormals etc.) and finding corresponding permutation of shader or calculating missing parts. Also, during build calculating render states and the permutations or hash for this shader which later will be used for sorting or even giving the ID from 0 to ShaderCount w/o gaps to it for sorting. FinalShader have only 1 technique and one pass. After it for each Mesh setting some shader and it's good to render. some pseudo code SetConstantBuffer(ConstantBuffer::PerFrame); foreach (shader in FinalShaders) SetConstantBuffer(ConstantBuffer::PerShader, shader); SetRenderState(shader); foreach (mesh in shader.GetAllMeshes) SetConstantBuffer(ConstantBuffer::PerMesh, mesh); SetBuffers(mesh); Draw(); class FinalShader { public: UUID m_ID; RenderState m_RenderState; CBufferBindings m_BufferBindings; } But i have no idea how to create this CG language and do i really need it?

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  • What's the best way to add some particle or laser effects to an already animated character?

    - by Scott
    I just purchased some rigged and animated robot characters from 3drt for a game I'm making in unity. I would like to be able to add some weapon effects to the characters. For example, I would like for the robots to be able to shot lasers out of the hands at enemies. I have know idea where to even start with this task as I'm more of a programmer than a graphics guy. Can some experienced developers / designers please point me in a good direction? Thanks. Note: As of right now I have maya and blender installed on my computer.

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  • Drawing Grid in 3D view - Mathematically calculate points and draw line between them (Not working)

    - by Deukalion
    I'm trying to draw a simple grid from a starting point and expand it to a size. Doing this mathematically and drawing the lines between each point, but since the "DrawPrimitives(LineList)" doesn't work the way it should work, And this method can't even draw lines between four points to create a simple Rectangle, so how does this method work exactly? Some sort of coordinate system: [ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] [ ][2.2][ ][0.2][ ][2.2][ ] [ ][2.1][1.1][ ][1.1][2.1][ ] [ ][2.0][ ][0.0][ ][2.0][ ] [ ][2.1][1.1][ ][1.1][2.1][ ] [ ][2.2][ ][0.2][ ][2.2][ ] [ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] I've checked with my method and it's working as it should. It calculates all the points to form a grid. This way I should be able to create Points where to draw line right? This way, if I supply the method with Size = 2 it starts at 0,0 and works it through all the corners (2,2) on each side. So, I have the positions of each point. How do I draw lines between these? VerticeCount = must be number of Points in this case, right? So, tell me, if I can't supply this method with Point A, Point B, Point C, Point D to draw a four vertice rectangle (Point A - B - C - D) - how do I do it? How do I even begin to understand it? As far as I'm concered, that's a "Line list" or a list of points where to draw lines. Can anyone explain what I'm missing? I wish to do this mathematically so I can create a a custom grid that can be altered.

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  • Prevent collisions between mobs/npcs/units piloted by computer AI : How to avoid mobile obstacles?

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    Lets says we have character a starting at point A and character b starting at point B. character a is headed to point B and character b is headed to point A. There are several simple ways to find the path(I will be using Dijkstra). The question is, how do I take preventative action in the code to stop the two from colliding with one another? case2: Characters a and b start from the same point in different times. Character b starts later and is the faster of the two. How do I make character b walk around character a without going through it? case3:Lets say we have m such characters in each side and there is sufficient room to pass through without the characters overlapping with one another. How do I stop the two groups of characters from "walking on top of one another" and allow them pass around one another in a natural organic way. A correct answer would be any algorithm, that given the path to the destination and a list of mobile objects that block the path, finds an alternative path or stops without stopping all units when there is sufficient room to traverse.

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  • Climbing boxes in box2D

    - by Rothens
    I've just stepped into the world of Box2D with libgdx. I've already made a stack of boxes: They are dropped randomly ontop of each other. What I'd like to achieve is to make a character, that could freely climb on the boxes, (He can grip on the boxes anywhere, not just on the side/top of a box) but his weight affects the stack as well, so the boxes could fall down. My google-fu failed me... Is there any way to make this possible?

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  • Particle Effect Completion

    - by Siddharth
    In my game I use particle effect for various purposes. In that I detect the completion of the particle effect. Basically I want to do something after completion of the particle effect. But the problem is that I didn't able to find the particle effect completion. So any community member please help me. EDIT : I was creating particle effect using following code pointParticleEmtitter = new PointParticleEmitter(pX, pY); particleSystem = new ParticleSystem(pointParticleEmtitter, maxRate, minRate, maxParticles, mParticleTextureRegion.deepCopy()); particleSystem.setBlendFunction(GL10.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL10.GL_ONE); particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new ColorInitializer(0f, 0f, 1f)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new AlphaModifier(1, 0, 0, 0.5f)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ExpireModifier(0.5f)); gameObject.getScene().attachChild(particleSystem); Using above code the particle effect was started but when finished that I want to detect. After finishing effect I want to remove the object from the scene.

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  • How are vertex shader outs sent as inputs to the fragment shader?

    - by Jeffrey
    I'm learning some OpenGL 3.2 way of doing things and I think it's quite great, I'm actually understanding more of shaders and non-fixed pipeline in 1 week rather than those 2 years I tried to learn OpenGL fixed pipeline functions. But here's my question: From what I think I've understood the vertex shader is run for each vertexes in the VBO. But the fragments shader is run per each pixel (is that right?) which is a huge number compared to let's say 3 vertexes of a triangle. Now it seems that in the vertex shader the out variables (like colors and stuff) are passed 1 to 1 to the fragment shader. But let's say that I pass to the fragment shader the position of the vertex in the vertex shader. How is all executed? What vertex (A, B or C of the hipothetical triangle) is passed per each fragment and why?

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  • XNA When to call LoadContent

    - by Peteyslatts
    I have an enum in my game that denotes the game state ie MainMenu, InGame, GameOver, Exit and I was wondering if it would be advisable to add a new one in for PrepGame - in which the game creates viewports for however many players there are, creates the battlefield etc. I feel like this is a good idea except for one thing: should I make a call back to LoadContent() in this state? I could just put a switch statement in the LoadContent for my currentGameState. If it equals PrepGame load things like the skybox, ship models, texures, HUD graphics etc. Or is it a good idea to create an Asset Manager class in the first call to LoadContent() and load everything then. I feel like both approaches have different benefits: faster, but more load times vs slower initial load time, but then all my objects are referencing the same variables so I only have to load each on once. Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks, Peter

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  • Collisions on complex map 2D

    - by waxx
    I'm currently thinking about collision and map system that I want to use in my next game and I'm kind of puzzled. Maps are going to be somewhat complex with lots of irregularities and thus tiling is out of question. I thought about an editor where you'd draw rectangles on the map that would represent areas that are collidable with and then saving such "collision map" with only black/white gfx. Or maybe should I save exact rectangles data with their x/y/width/height into some text file and go from there? What would you recommend? Thanks.

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  • World to Pixel Transformation

    - by D00d
    My objects have a location in world coordinates (basically 1.0f is a meter). If I simply draw my objects using their world coordinates, each meter will correspond to a pixel. Obviously that's not what I want. Now, I don't want to have to apply a transformation to each and every object's position when I draw them. As I happen to be using XNA, and spritebatch allows a Matrix to be passed in as an argument in it's begin method, I was wondering if there is a way to pass the World to Pixel transformation in there. Any suggestions? So far Matrix.CreateScale(new Vector3(zoom, zoom, 1)) puts the objects in their proper spot, but it also scales up the sprites. Is there a way to transform the position without enlarging the sprite? Thanks

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  • Spherical harmonics lighting interpolation

    - by TravisG
    I want to use hardware filtering to smooth out colors in texels of a texture when I'm accessing texels at coordinates that are not directly at the center of the texel, the catch being that the texels store 2 bands of spherical harmonics coefficients (=4 coefficients), not RGBA intensity values. Can I just use hardware filtering like that (GL_LINEAR with and without mip mapping) without any considerations? In other terms: If I were to first convert the coefficients back to intensity representations, than manually interpolate between two intensities, would the resulting intensity be the same as if I interpolated between the coefficient vectors directly and then converted the interpolated result to intensities?

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  • Programming Languages

    - by Shannon
    I realize this will be a very vague question, but please bear with me. I have a concept for an open-world game, hand to hand combat, with a fairly open storyline, but there is an issue. I'm not sure which programming language to use, as I'm fairly new to programming. I am considering c++, but I would like to hear your opinions on which language you believe would support this type of game most efficiently. Pros and cons would be appreciated.

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  • Should I be using a game engine?

    - by Kyle
    I'm an experienced programmer, but I'm completely new to making games. I'm thinking of making an iPhone game that is similar to a 2d tower defense type game. In the web programming world, it would be a big waste of time to make a website without using some sort of web framework (eg ruby on rails). Is that the same for making games? Do people mostly use some sort of framework/game engine for making a game? If so, what are the popular ones for iOS?

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  • What is the recommended library for using Lua from C++?

    - by DevilWithin
    I am currently planning how to integrate Lua scripting in my 2D Game Engine, and i would like to go straight to the most adequate solution for having C++ classes and objects exposed. I've read this (if it helps you help): http://lua-users.org/wiki/BindingCodeToLua If you have a better scripting language to recomend, go for it ;D All help is welcome, i need to pickup the best solution to start implementing Thanks

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  • Yet another frustum culling question

    - by Christian Frantz
    This one is kinda specific. If I'm to implement frustum culling in my game, that means each one of my cubes would need a bounding sphere. My first question is can I make the sphere so close to the edge of the cube that its still easily clickable for destroying and building? Frustum culling is easily done in XNA as I've recently learned, I just need to figure out where to place the code for the culling. I'm guessing in my method that draws all my cubes but I could be wrong. My camera class currently implements a bounding frustum which is in the update method like so frustum.Matrix = (view * proj); Simple enough, as I can call that when I have a camera object in my class. This works for now, as I only have a camera in my main game class. The problem comes when I decide to move my camera to my player class, but I can worry about that later. ContainmentType CurrentContainmentType = ContainmentType.Disjoint; CurrentContainmentType = CamerasFrustrum.Contains(cubes.CollisionSphere); Can it really be as easy as adding those two lines to my foreach loop in my draw method? Or am I missing something bigger here? UPDATE: I have added the lines to my draw methods and it works great!! So great infact that just moving a little bit removes the whole map. Many factors could of caused this, so I'll try to break it down. cubeBoundingSphere = new BoundingSphere(cubePosition, 0.5f); This is in my cube constructor. cubePosition is stored in an array, The vertices that define my cube are factors of 1 ie: (1,0,1) so the radius should be .5. I least I think it should. The spheres are created every time a cube is created of course. ContainmentType CurrentContainmentType = ContainmentType.Disjoint; foreach (Cube block in cube.cubes) { CurrentContainmentType = cam.frustum.Contains(cube.cubeBoundingSphere); ///more code here if (CurrentContainmentType != ContainmentType.Disjoint) { cube.Draw(effect); } Within my draw method. Now I know this works because the map disappears, its just working wrong. Any idea on what I'm doing wrong?

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  • Questions before I revamp my rendering engine to use shaders (GLSL)

    - by stephelton
    I've written a fairly robust rendering engine using OpenGL ES 1.1 (fixed-function.) I've been looking into revamping the engine to use OpenGL ES 2.0, which necessitates that I use shaders. I've been absorbing information all day long and still have some questions. Firstly, lighting. The fixed-function pipeline is guaranteed to have at least 8 lights available. My current engine finds lights that are "close" to the primitives being drawn and enables them; I don't know how many lights are going to be enabled until I draw a given model. Nothing is dynamically allocated in GLSL, so I have to define in a shader some number of lights to be used, right? So if I want to stick with 8, should I write my general purpose shader to have 8 lights and then use uniforms to tell it how many / which lights to use? Which brings me to another question: should I be concerned with the amount of data I'm allocating in a shader? Recent video cards have hundreds of "stream processors." If I've got a fragment shader being used on some number of fragments in a given triangle, I assume they must each have their own stack to work on. Are read-only variables copied here, or read when needed? My initial goal is to rework my code so that it is virtually identical to the current implementation. What I have in mind is to create my own matrix stack so that I can implement something along the lines of push/popMatrix and apply all my translations, rotations, and scales to this matrix, then provide the matrix to the vertex shader so that it can make very quick vertex translations. Is this approach sound? Edit: My original intention was to ask if there was a tutorial that would explain the bare minimum necessary to jump from fixed-function to using shaders. Thanks!

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  • What are some ways to separate game logic from animations and the draw loop?

    - by TMV
    I have only previously made flash games, using MovieClips and such to separate out my animations from my game logic. Now I am getting into trying my hand at making a game for Android, but the game programming theory around separating these things still confuses me. I come from a background of developing non game web applications so I am versed in more MVC like patterns and am stuck in that mindset as I approach game programming. I want to do things like abstract my game by having, for example, a game board class that contains the data for a grid of tiles with instances of a tile class that each contain properties. I can give my draw loop access to this and have it draw the game board based on the properties of each tile on the game board, but I don't understand where exactly animation should go. As far as I can tell, animation sort of sits between the abstracted game logic (model) and the draw loop (view). With my MVC mindset, it's frustrating trying to decide where animation is actually supposed to go. It would have quite a bit of data associated with it like a model, but seemingly needs to be very closely coupled with the draw loop in order to have things like frame independent animation. How can I break out of this mindset and start thinking about patterns that make more sense for games?

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  • Implementing my Entity System. Questions about some problems I have found.

    - by Notbad
    Hi!, Well during this week I have deciding about implementation of my entity system. It is a big topic so it has been difficult to take one option from the whole. This has been my decision: 1) I don't have an entity class it is just an id. 2) I have systems that contain a list of components (the list is homegenous, I mean, RenderSystem will just have RenderComponents). 3) Compones will be just data. 4) There would be some kind of "entity prototypes" in a manager or something from we will create entity instances.Ideally they will define the type of components it has and initialization data. 5) Prototype code to create an entity (this is from the top of my head): int id=World::getInstance()->createEntity("entity template"); 6) This will notify all systems that a new entity has been created, and if the entity needs a component that the system handles it will add it to the entity. Ok, this are the ideas. Let's see if some can help with the problems: 1) The main problem is this templates that are sent to the systems in creation process to populate the entity with needed components. What would you use, an OR(ed) int?, a list of strings?. 2) How to do initialization for components when the entity has been created? How to store this in the template? I have thought about having a function in the template that is virtual and after entity is created an populated, gets the components and sets initialization values. 3) Don't you think this is a lot of work for just an entity creation?. Sorry for the long post, I have tried to expose my ideas and finding in order other could have a start beside exposing my problems. Thanks in advance, Notbad.

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  • Why wont the LibGDX's main class Initialize on Android Launcher?

    - by BluFire
    So I was searching for different ways that could suit me in programming and came across LibGDX. Naturally I looked at the tutorial. As I was doing it, I was following the steps word for word, except naming the classes. In the end, I was able to create the desktop launcher for the game but not the android launcher. The following error is my error: Cannot instantiate the type Game (Game is the name of the class) I got the tutorial from http://steigert.blogspot.com.au/2012/02/1-libgdx-tutorial-introduction.html The link in the tutorial is the original but it uses jogl instead of lwjgl.

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  • What should I do if my text exceeds my text render target boundaries?

    - by user1423893
    I have a method for drawing strings in 3D that does the following: Set a render target Draw each character as a quadrangle using a orthographic projection to the render target Unset the render target Draw the render target texture using a perspective projection and a world transform My problem is how to deal with strings whose characters length exceeds that of the render target dimensions? For example if I have string "This is a reallllllllllly long string" and the render target can't accommodate it, it will only capture "This is a realllll". The render target (and its size) could be set each frame but wouldn't that be far too costly?

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  • Scene transitions

    - by Mars
    It's my first time working with actual scenes/states, aka DrawableGameComponents, which work separate from one another. I'm now wondering what's the best way to make transitions between them, and how to affect them from other scenes. Lets say I wanted to "push" one screen to the right, with another one coming in at the same time. Naturally I'd have to keep drawing both, until the transition is complete. And I'd have to adjust the coordinates I'm drawing at while doing it. Is there a way around specifically handling this special case in every single scene? Or of I wanted to fade one into the other. Basically the question stays the same, how would you do that without having to handle it in every single scene? While writing this I'm realizing it will be the same thing for all kinds of transitions. Maybe a central Draw method in the manager could be a solution, where parameters and effects are applied when necessary. But this wouldn't work if objects that are drawn have their own method, and aren't drawn within the scene, or if an effect has to be applied to the whole scene. That means, maybe scenes have to be drawn to their own rendertarget? That way one call to the base class after the normal drawing could be enough, to apply the effects, while drawing it to the main render target. But I once heard there are problems when switching from target to target, back and forth. So is that even a viable option? As you can see, I have some basic ideas how it might work... but nothing specific. I'd like to learn what's the common way to achieve such things, a general way to apply all kinds of transitions.

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  • GLSL per pixel lighting with custom light type

    - by Justin
    Ok, I am having a big problem here. I just got into GLSL yesterday, so the code will be terrible, I'm sure. Basically, I am attempting to make a light that can be passed into the fragment shader (for learning purposes). I have four input values: one for the position of the light, one for the color, one for the distance it can travel, and one for the intensity. I want to find the distance between the light and the fragment, then calculate the color from there. The code I have gives me a simply gorgeous ring of light that get's twisted and widened as the matrix is modified. I love the results, but it is not even close to what I am after. I want the light to be moved with all of the vertices, so it is always in the same place in relation to the objects. I can easily take it from there, but getting that to work seems to be impossible with my current structure. Can somebody give me a few pointers (pun not intended)? Vertex shader: attribute vec4 position; attribute vec4 color; attribute vec2 textureCoordinates; varying vec4 colorVarying; varying vec2 texturePosition; varying vec4 fposition; varying vec4 lightPosition; varying float lightDistance; varying float lightIntensity; varying vec4 lightColor; void main() { vec4 ECposition = gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex; vec3 tnorm = normalize(vec3 (gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal)); fposition = ftransform(); gl_Position = fposition; gl_TexCoord[0] = gl_MultiTexCoord0; fposition = ECposition; lightPosition = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 5.0, 0.0) * gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex; lightDistance = 5.0; lightIntensity = 1.0; lightColor = vec4(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0); } Fragment shader: varying vec4 colorVarying; varying vec2 texturePosition; varying vec4 fposition; varying vec4 lightPosition; varying float lightDistance; varying float lightIntensity; varying vec4 lightColor; uniform sampler2D texture; void main() { float l_distance = sqrt((gl_FragCoord.x * lightPosition.x) + (gl_FragCoord.y * lightPosition.y) + (gl_FragCoord.z * lightPosition.z)); float l_value = lightIntensity / (l_distance / lightDistance); vec4 l_color = vec4(l_value * lightColor.r, l_value * lightColor.g, l_value * lightColor.b, l_value * lightColor.a); vec4 color; color = texture2D(texture, gl_TexCoord[0].st); gl_FragColor = l_color * color; //gl_FragColor = fposition; }

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  • Low CPU/Memory/Memory-bandwith Pathfinding (maybe like in Warcraft 1)

    - by Valmond
    Dijkstra and A* are all nice and popular but what kind of algorithm was used in Warcraft 1 for pathfinding? I remember that the enemy could get trapped in bowl-like caverns which means there were (most probably) no full-path calculations from "start to end". If I recall correctly, the algorithm could be something like this: A) Move towards enemy until success or hitting a wall B) If blocked by a wall, follow the wall until you can move towards the enemy without being blocked and then do A) But I'd like to know, if someone knows :-) [edit] As explained to Byte56, I'm searching for a low cpu/mem/mem-bandwidth algo and wanted to know if Warcraft had some special secrets to deliver (never seen that kind of pathfinding elsewhere), I hope that that is more concordant with the stackexchange rules.

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  • How exactly does app ranking work?

    - by qweasdzxc1
    So I've been in the app industry for around half a year and I still don't know how exactly ranking higher for your app will help increase downloads. That sounds like a question with an obvious answer but this is what's going through my mind so hear me out: Unless your app is ranked within the top 100, no one can see it in the featured categories. So even if my app jumped from 400th to 300th place, would there really even be a difference in downloads? And I'm saying 400th to 300th in ranking in my specific category. Indie developers like me don't even come close to ranking for the overall category. So far, the only usefulness of trying to get a higher rank is to get featured or something like that, but big companies have tons of money to throw on marketing...so the chances of any indie developer getting featured is rare. The only thing that I can see ranking being good for is to rank for your keywords so that when someone searches for that word, your app will hopefully appear in the top 10-25 results. Can anyone confirm my thoughts or add anything else that I might have missed out on? How exactly do users find your app if you're not in the top 100 app in your category?

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