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  • All Xen domU LVM volumes corrupt after reboot

    - by zcs
    I'm running a Debian Squeeze dom0, and after rebooting it all 7 of my domUs have data corruption. Each is setup as ext3 partition directly on a separate lvm2 volume. None of the lvm volumes will mount; all have bad superblocks. I've tried e2fsck with each superblock to no avail. What else can I try? Each domU has two LVM volumes connected to it, one for the disk and one for swap. The disk is mounted at root, formatted as a normal ext3 partition as a xen-blk device. The volumes are never mounted outside of the guest OS. I'm running Ubuntu 11.04 using the instructions here. I'm not sure that they didn't shutdown properly, all I know is they were corrupt after I issues a clean 'reboot' on the dom0. Here's a sample Xen config file; the rest are the same except for name, vcpus, memory, vif and disk. name = 'load1' vcpus = 2 memory = 512 vif = ['bridge=prbr0', 'bridge=eth0'] disk = ['phy:/dev/VolGroup00/load1-disk,xvda,w','phy:/dev/VolGroup00/load1-swap,xvdb,w'] #============================================================================ # Debian Installer specific variables def check_bool(name, value): value = str(value).lower() if value in ('t', 'tr', 'tru', 'true'): return True return False global var_check_with_default def var_check_with_default(default, var, val): if val: return val return default xm_vars.var('install', use='Install Debian, default: false', check=check_bool) xm_vars.var("install-method", use='Installation method to use "cdrom" or "network" (default: network)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('network', var, val)) # install-method == "network" xm_vars.var("install-mirror", use='Debian mirror to install from (default: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu', var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-suite", use='Debian suite to install (default: natty)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('natty', var, val)) # install-method == "cdrom" xm_vars.var("install-media", use='Installation media to use (default: None)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-cdrom-device", use='Installation media to use (default: xvdd)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('xvdd', var, val)) # Common options xm_vars.var("install-arch", use='Debian mirror to install from (default: amd64)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('amd64', var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-extra", use='Extra command line options (default: None)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-installer", use='Debian installer to use (default: network uses install-mirror; cdrom uses /install.ARCH)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-kernel", use='Debian installer kernel to use (default: uses install-installer)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-ramdisk", use='Debian installer ramdisk to use (default: uses install-installer)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.check() if not xm_vars.env.get('install'): bootloader="/usr/sbin/pygrub" elif xm_vars.env['install-method'] == "network": import os.path print "Install Mirror: %s" % xm_vars.env['install-mirror'] print "Install Suite: %s" % xm_vars.env['install-suite'] if xm_vars.env['install-installer']: installer = xm_vars.env['install-installer'] else: installer = xm_vars.env['install-mirror']+"/dists/"+xm_vars.env['install-suite'] + \ "/main/installer-"+xm_vars.env['install-arch']+"/current/images" print "Installer: %s" % installer print print "WARNING: Installer kernel and ramdisk are not authenticated." print if xm_vars.env.get('install-kernel'): kernelurl = xm_vars.env['install-kernel'] else: kernelurl = installer + "/netboot/xen/vmlinuz" if xm_vars.env.get('install-ramdisk'): ramdiskurl = xm_vars.env['install-ramdisk'] else: ramdiskurl = installer + "/netboot/xen/initrd.gz" import urllib class MyUrlOpener(urllib.FancyURLopener): def http_error_default(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs): raise IOError("%s %s" % (code, msg)) urlopener = MyUrlOpener() try: print "Fetching %s" % kernelurl kernel, _ = urlopener.retrieve(kernelurl) print "Fetching %s" % ramdiskurl ramdisk, _ = urlopener.retrieve(ramdiskurl) except IOError, _: raise elif xm_vars.env['install-method'] == "cdrom": arch_path = { 'i386': "/install.386", 'amd64': "/install.amd" } if xm_vars.env['install-media']: print "Install Media: %s" % xm_vars.env['install-media'] else: raise OptionError("No installation media given.") if xm_vars.env['install-installer']: installer = xm_vars.env['install-installer'] else: installer = arch_path[xm_vars.env['install-arch']] print "Installer: %s" % installer if xm_vars.env.get('install-kernel'): kernelpath = xm_vars.env['install-kernel'] else: kernelpath = installer + "/xen/vmlinuz" if xm_vars.env.get('install-ramdisk'): ramdiskpath = xm_vars.env['install-ramdisk'] else: ramdiskpath = installer + "/xen/initrd.gz" disk.insert(0, 'file:%s,%s:cdrom,r' % (xm_vars.env['install-media'], xm_vars.env['install-cdrom-device'])) bootloader="/usr/sbin/pygrub" bootargs="--kernel=%s --ramdisk=%s" % (kernelpath, ramdiskpath) print "From CD" else: print "WARNING: Unknown install-method: %s." % xm_vars.env['install-method'] if xm_vars.env.get('install'): # Figure out command line if xm_vars.env['install-extra']: extras=[xm_vars.env['install-extra']] else: extras=[] # Reboot will just restart the installer since this file is not # reparsed, so halt and restart that way. extras.append("debian-installer/exit/always_halt=true") extras.append("--") extras.append("quiet") console="hvc0" try: if len(vfb) >= 1: console="tty0" except NameError, e: pass extras.append("console="+ console) extra = str.join(" ", extras) print "command line is \"%s\"" % extra root There are two LVM logical volumes connected to each VM. Here's the fdisk -l output for the disk volume: Disk /dev/VolGroup00/VMNAME-disk: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00029c01 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/VolGroup00/VMNAME-disk1 1 1045 8386560 83 Linux And the swap volume: Disk /dev/VolGroup00/VMNAME-swap: 536 MB, 536870912 bytes 37 heads, 35 sectors/track, 809 cylinders Units = cylinders of 1295 * 512 = 663040 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004faae Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/VolGroup00/VMNAME-swap1 2 809 522240 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition 1 has different physical/logical beginnings (non-Linux?): phys=(0, 32, 33) logical=(1, 21, 19) Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings: phys=(65, 36, 35) logical=(808, 4, 28)

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  • using python Paramiko for ssh: sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified

    - by misteryes
    I want to use paramiko to ssh into a bunch a remote nodes and run some command line with root priviledge I have ssh key in my home directory and so i don't need to input password when I ssh into those remote nodes but when running the following script: def connect(hostname): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) ssh.connect(hostname, username='niky', pkey=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key(open('id_rsa'), 'passwd'), timeout = 240.0) return ssh def run(hostname): ssh = connect(hostname) (stdin, stdout, stderr) = ssh.exec_command("sudo ls") res = stderr.readlines() print hostname+': '+''.join(str(elem) for elem in res)+'\n' run(remote.nity.com) I got the following error: remote.nity.com: sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified if I don't add sudo before ls everything works fine what are potential reasons ? thanks!

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  • thttpd: Daemon exiting, I don't know why

    - by Tobe
    I run thttpd to serve some perl files. But for some reason the daemon is exiting every second or third day. Strangely it's always at 6.25 am. Here are some lines from syslog: Nov 10 06:25:40 b1 thttpd[6370]: up 86404 seconds, stats for 86404 seconds: Nov 10 06:25:40 b1 thttpd[6370]: thttpd - 25 connections (0.000289338/sec), 1 max simultaneous, 625000 bytes (7.23346/sec), 2 httpd_conns allocated Nov 10 06:25:40 b1 thttpd[6370]: libhttpd - 30 strings allocated, 8200 bytes (273.333 bytes/str) Nov 10 06:25:40 b1 thttpd[6370]: map cache - 0 allocated, 0 active (0 bytes), 0 free; hash size: 0; expire age: 1800 Nov 10 06:25:40 b1 thttpd[6370]: fdwatch - 20902 selects (0.24191/sec) Nov 10 06:25:40 b1 thttpd[6370]: timers - 2 allocated, 2 active, 0 free Nov 10 06:25:40 b1 thttpd[6370]: exiting Any ideas?

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  • django fcgi - call a management command with subprocess.Popen

    - by user41855
    Hi, I'm using an app called django-chronograph. It has a code of line which works in my dev environment and does not work in production: p = subprocess.Popen(['python', get_manage_py(), 'run_job', str(self.pk)]) This line crashes in production with: unknown command run_job Whereas when I run directly from command line: manage.py run_job It works fine. Interestingly it worked once when we exchanged 'python' with 'usr/bin/python'. then we restarted the server once more and it was back to old behaviour. Thus it seems as we have a python path issue. I'm not the guy who is running the server, its my app that should run and it would be great to get some help here. Attention: I'm a total noob regarding server-administration.. server environment: NGINX with FCGI-Daemon FCGI in prefork-mode

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  • Log monitoring using Zabbix

    - by Supratik
    I am trying to monitor a log file using Zabbix 1.8.4. I created an item using the following details: Host: Zabbix server Description: logger_test Type: Zabbix agent (active) Key: log[/tmp/scribetest/test3/test3_current,error,,100] Type of Infromation: Log Update interval (in sec): 1 sec Keep history (in days): 90 Status: Active Applications: Log files I created a trigger and attached it with the item logger_test using the following details: Name: logger_test_trigger Expression: {Zabbix server:log[/tmp/scribetest/test3/test3_current,error,,100].str(error)}=1 Severity: disaster The above settings works fine for the first time but next time the trigger shows ZBX_NOTSUPPORTED and after that item also shows "not supported" message. Can you please tell me if anything I am doing wrong here ?

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  • Log monitoring using Zabbix

    - by Supratik
    Hi I am monitoring logs using Zabbix. I am trying to monitor a log file using Zabbix 1.8.4. I created an item using the following details: Host: Zabbix server Description: logger_test Type: Zabbix agent (active) Key: log[/tmp/scribetest/test3/test3_current,error,,100] Type of Infromation: Log Update interval (in sec): 1 sec Keep history (in days): 90 Status: Active Applications: Log files I created a trigger and attached it with the item logger_test using the following details. Name: logger_test_trigger Expression: {Zabbix server:log[/tmp/scribetest/test3/test3_current,error,,100].str(error)}=1 Severity: disaster The above settings works fine for the first time but next time the trigger shows ZBX_NOTSUPPORTED and after that item also shows "not supported" message. Can you please tell me if anything I am doing wrong here ? Warm Regards Supratik

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  • Run shell command with variable in filename via Python

    - by rajitha
    I have files with naming convention st009_out.abc1.dat st009_out.abc2.dat st009_out.abc3.dat .................. .................. I am writing Python code where I want to use data from the file to perform a math function and need to extract the second column from the file. I have tried it this way: for k in range(1,10): file1=open('st009_out.abc'+str(k)+'.dat','r') ........... os.system("awk '{print $2}' st009_out.abc${k}.pmf > raj.dat") but this is not working as it is not taking the value of k in the shell command. How do I progress?

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  • War wont deploy "Unresolved <ejb-link>" Glassfish 3, Netbeans 7

    - by Ime Imee
    I have enterprise aplication with ejb and war module, and since I created local interface web module wont deploy. It builds fine. EJB project is referenced inside web project. Also when I delete <ejb-local-ref> from web.xml it deploys, but then lookup method fails. Glassfish error: SEVERE: Exception while deploying the app [Projekat-war] : Error: Unresolved <ejb-link>: Projekat-ejb.jar#ZaWebSessionBean Simple interface: @Local public interface ZaWebSessionBeanLocal { String vrati(String str); } @Stateless public class ZaWebSessionBean implements ZaWebSessionBeanLocal { @Override public String vrati(String str) { return "vrati"; } // Add business logic below. (Right-click in editor and choose // "Insert Code > Add Business Method") } And web.xml <ejb-local-ref> <ejb-ref-name>ZaWebSessionBean</ejb-ref-name> <ejb-ref-type>Session</ejb-ref-type> <local>za_web.ZaWebSessionBeanLocal</local> <ejb-link>Projekat-ejb.jar#ZaWebSessionBean</ejb-link> </ejb-local-ref> Lookup method (generated) : public class HeaderBean { ZaWebSessionBeanLocal zaWebSessionBean = lookupZaWebSessionBeanLocal(); private ZaWebSessionBeanLocal lookupZaWebSessionBeanLocal() { try { Context c = new InitialContext(); return (ZaWebSessionBeanLocal) c.lookup("java:global/Projekat/Projekat-ejb/ZaWebSessionBean!za_web.ZaWebSessionBeanLocal"); } catch (NamingException ne) { Logger.getLogger(getClass().getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, "exception caught", ne); throw new RuntimeException(ne); } } Full log: SEVERE: Exception while deploying the app [Projekat-war] : Error: Unresolved <ejb-link>: Projekat-ejb.jar#ZaWebSessionBean SEVERE: Unresolved <ejb-link>: Projekat-ejb.jar#ZaWebSessionBean SEVERE: Exception while deploying the app [Projekat-war] SEVERE: Error: Unresolved <ejb-link>: Projekat-ejb.jar#ZaWebSessionBean java.lang.RuntimeException: Error: Unresolved <ejb-link>: Projekat-ejb.jar#ZaWebSessionBean at com.sun.enterprise.deployment.util.EjbBundleValidator.accept(EjbBundleValidator.java:724) at com.sun.enterprise.deployment.WebBundleDescriptor.visit(WebBundleDescriptor.java:2004) at com.sun.enterprise.deployment.Application.visit(Application.java:1777) at com.sun.enterprise.deployment.archivist.ApplicationFactory.openArchive(ApplicationFactory.java:195) at org.glassfish.javaee.core.deployment.DolProvider.load(DolProvider.java:185) at org.glassfish.javaee.core.deployment.DolProvider.load(DolProvider.java:94) at com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.ApplicationLifecycle.loadDeployer(ApplicationLifecycle.java:827) at com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.ApplicationLifecycle.setupContainerInfos(ApplicationLifecycle.java:769) at com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.ApplicationLifecycle.deploy(ApplicationLifecycle.java:368) at com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.ApplicationLifecycle.deploy(ApplicationLifecycle.java:240) at org.glassfish.deployment.admin.DeployCommand.execute(DeployCommand.java:389) at com.sun.enterprise.v3.admin.CommandRunnerImpl$1.execute(CommandRunnerImpl.java:348) at com.sun.enterprise.v3.admin.CommandRunnerImpl.doCommand(CommandRunnerImpl.java:363) at com.sun.enterprise.v3.admin.CommandRunnerImpl.doCommand(CommandRunnerImpl.java:1085) at com.sun.enterprise.v3.admin.CommandRunnerImpl.access$1200(CommandRunnerImpl.java:95) at com.sun.enterprise.v3.admin.CommandRunnerImpl$ExecutionContext.execute(CommandRunnerImpl.java:1291) at com.sun.enterprise.v3.admin.CommandRunnerImpl$ExecutionContext.execute(CommandRunnerImpl.java:1259) at com.sun.enterprise.v3.admin.AdminAdapter.doCommand(AdminAdapter.java:461) at com.sun.enterprise.v3.admin.AdminAdapter.service(AdminAdapter.java:212) at com.sun.grizzly.tcp.http11.GrizzlyAdapter.service(GrizzlyAdapter.java:179) at com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.HK2Dispatcher.dispath(HK2Dispatcher.java:117) at com.sun.enterprise.v3.services.impl.ContainerMapper$Hk2DispatcherCallable.call(ContainerMapper.java:354) at com.sun.enterprise.v3.services.impl.ContainerMapper.service(ContainerMapper.java:195) at com.sun.grizzly.http.ProcessorTask.invokeAdapter(ProcessorTask.java:849) at com.sun.grizzly.http.ProcessorTask.doProcess(ProcessorTask.java:746) at com.sun.grizzly.http.ProcessorTask.process(ProcessorTask.java:1045) at com.sun.grizzly.http.DefaultProtocolFilter.execute(DefaultProtocolFilter.java:228) at com.sun.grizzly.DefaultProtocolChain.executeProtocolFilter(DefaultProtocolChain.java:137) at com.sun.grizzly.DefaultProtocolChain.execute(DefaultProtocolChain.java:104) at com.sun.grizzly.DefaultProtocolChain.execute(DefaultProtocolChain.java:90) at com.sun.grizzly.http.HttpProtocolChain.execute(HttpProtocolChain.java:79) at com.sun.grizzly.ProtocolChainContextTask.doCall(ProtocolChainContextTask.java:54) at com.sun.grizzly.SelectionKeyContextTask.call(SelectionKeyContextTask.java:59) at com.sun.grizzly.ContextTask.run(ContextTask.java:71) at com.sun.grizzly.util.AbstractThreadPool$Worker.doWork(AbstractThreadPool.java:532) at com.sun.grizzly.util.AbstractThreadPool$Worker.run(AbstractThreadPool.java:513) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619) SEVERE: Exception while deploying the app [Projekat-war] : Error: Unresolved <ejb-link>: Projekat-ejb.jar#ZaWebSessionBean

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  • Encoded nsstring becomes invalid, "normal" nsstring remains

    - by shoreline
    I'm running into a problem with a string that contains encoded characters. Specifically, if the string has encoded characters it eventually becomes invalid while a "normal" string will not. in the .h file: @interface DirViewController : TTThumbsViewController <UIActionSheetDelegate,UINavigationControllerDelegate,UIImagePickerControllerDelegate> { NSString *sourceFolder; NSString *encodedSourceFolder; } @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *sourceFolder; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *encodedSourceFolder; in the .m file: - (id)initWithFolder:(NSString*)folder query:(NSDictionary*)query { if (self = [super init]) { sourceFolder = folder; } return self; } Up to now everything seems to run as expected. In viewDidLoad I have the following: sourceFolderCopy = [self urlEncodeValue:(sourceFolder)]; //I also have this button, which I'll refer to later: UIBarButtonItem *importButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"Import/Export" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered target:self action:@selector(importFiles:)]; self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = importButton; Which uses the following method to encode the string (if it has characters I want encoded): - (NSString *)urlEncodeValue:(NSString *)str { NSString *result = (NSString *) CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes (kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFStringRef)str, NULL, CFSTR(":/?#[]@!$&’()*+,;="), kCFStringEncodingUTF8); return [result autorelease]; } If I NSLog result, I get the expected values. If the string has characters like a white space, I get a string with encoding. If the string doesn't have any characters that need to be encoded, it just gives me the original string. I have a button on the nav bar which begins an image import process by opening an action sheet. Once the method for the action sheet starts, my string is invalid - but only if it contains encoded characters. If it is just a "normal" string, everything is fine and acts as expected. Am I off on my encoding? At first I thought it might be a memory problem but I can't figure out why that would affect only encoded strings. Here's where the action sheet is defined (and the first place I can see the encoded string becoming invalid) the NSLog statements are where it crashes: - (IBAction)importFiles:(id)sender { NSLog(@"logging encodedSF from import files:"); NSLog(@"%@",encodedSourceFolder);//crashes right here NSLog(@"%@",sourceFolder); if (shouldNavigate == NO) { NSString *msg = nil; msg = @"It is not possible to import or export images while in image selection mode."; UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Unable to Import/Export" message:msg delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; [msg release]; } else{ UIActionSheet *actionSheet = [[UIActionSheet alloc] initWithTitle:@"What would you like to do?" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"Cancel" destructiveButtonTitle:nil otherButtonTitles:@"Import Photos (Picker)", @"Export Photos", nil, nil]; [actionSheet showInView:self.view]; [actionSheet release]; } } I don't get any crash errors going to the console. By using breakpoints I was able to see that the encodedSourceFolder is invalid in the action sheet method.

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  • RegLoadAppKey working fine on 32-bit OS, failing on 64-bit OS, even if both processes are 32-bit

    - by James Manning
    I'm using .NET 4 and the new RegistryKey.FromHandle call so I can take the hKey I get from opening a registry file with RegLoadAppKey and operate on it with the existing managed API. I thought at first it was just a matter of a busted DllImport and my call had an invalid type in the params or a missing MarshalAs or whatever, but looking at other registry functions and their DllImport declarations (for instance, on pinvoke.net), I don't see what else to try (I've had hKey returned as both int and IntPtr, both worked on 32-bit OS and fail on 64-bit OS) I've got it down to as simple a repro case as I can - it just tries to create a 'random' subkey then write a value to it. It works fine on my Win7 x86 box and fails on Win7 x64 and 2008 R2 x64, even when it's still a 32-bit process, even run from a 32-bit cmd prompt. EDIT: It also fails in the same way if it's a 64-bit process. on Win7 x86: INFO: Running as Admin in 32-bit process on 32-bit OS Was able to create Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceEx\a95b1bbf-7a04-4707-bcca-6aee6afbfab7 and write a value under it on Win7 x64, as 32-bit: INFO: Running as Admin in 32-bit process on 64-bit OS Unhandled Exception: System.UnauthorizedAccessException: Access to the registry key '\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceEx\ce6d5ff6-c3af-47f7-b3dc-c5a1b9a3cd22' is denied. at Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey.Win32Error(Int32 errorCode, String str) at Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey.CreateSubKeyInternal(String subkey, RegistryKeyPermissionCheck permissionCheck, Object registrySecurityObj, RegistryOptions registryOptions) at Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey.CreateSubKey(String subkey) at LoadAppKeyAndModify.Program.Main(String[] args) on Win7 x64, as 64-bit: INFO: Running as Admin in 64-bit process on 64-bit OS Unhandled Exception: System.UnauthorizedAccessException: Access to the registry key '\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceEx\43bc857d-7d07-499c-8070-574d6732c130' is denied. at Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey.Win32Error(Int32 errorCode, String str) at Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey.CreateSubKeyInternal(String subkey, RegistryKeyPermissionCheck permissionCheck, Object registrySecurityObj, RegistryOptions registryOptions) at Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey.CreateSubKey(String subkey, RegistryKeyPermissionCheck permissionCheck) at LoadAppKeyAndModify.Program.Main(String[] args) source: class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("INFO: Running as {0} in {1}-bit process on {2}-bit OS", new WindowsPrincipal(WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent()).IsInRole(WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator) ? "Admin" : "Normal User", Environment.Is64BitProcess ? 64 : 32, Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem ? 64 : 32); if (args.Length != 1) { throw new ApplicationException("Need 1 argument - path to the software hive file on disk"); } string softwareHiveFile = Path.GetFullPath(args[0]); if (File.Exists(softwareHiveFile) == false) { throw new ApplicationException("Specified file does not exist: " + softwareHiveFile); } // pick a random subkey so it doesn't already exist var keyPathToCreate = "Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnceEx\\" + Guid.NewGuid(); var hKey = RegistryNativeMethods.RegLoadAppKey(softwareHiveFile); using (var safeRegistryHandle = new SafeRegistryHandle(new IntPtr(hKey), true)) using (var appKey = RegistryKey.FromHandle(safeRegistryHandle)) using (var runOnceExKey = appKey.CreateSubKey(keyPathToCreate)) { runOnceExKey.SetValue("foo", "bar"); Console.WriteLine("Was able to create {0} and write a value under it", keyPathToCreate); } } } internal static class RegistryNativeMethods { [Flags] public enum RegSAM { AllAccess = 0x000f003f } private const int REG_PROCESS_APPKEY = 0x00000001; // approximated from pinvoke.net's RegLoadKey and RegOpenKey // NOTE: changed return from long to int so we could do Win32Exception on it [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)] private static extern int RegLoadAppKey(String hiveFile, out int hKey, RegSAM samDesired, int options, int reserved); public static int RegLoadAppKey(String hiveFile) { int hKey; int rc = RegLoadAppKey(hiveFile, out hKey, RegSAM.AllAccess, REG_PROCESS_APPKEY, 0); if (rc != 0) { throw new Win32Exception(rc, "Failed during RegLoadAppKey of file " + hiveFile); } return hKey; } }

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  • UIButtons in UIScrollView stop it scrolling, how to fix?

    - by Mark McFarlane
    Hi all, I have a problem with adding a set of UIButtons to a UIScrollView. With the buttons added it seems that the scroll command is not being passed to the scroll view as the buttons cover the whole surface. I've read various posts on this but still can't figure it out. I'm pretty new to iPhone programming so there's probably something obvious I've missed. I've tried things like canCancelContentTouches and delaysContentTouches to TRUE and FALSE. Here is the code I use to add the buttons to the scrollview. The scrollview was created in IB and is passed in to the function: -(void)drawCharacters:(NSMutableArray *)chars:(UIScrollView *)target_view { //NSLog(@"CLEARING PREVIOUS BUTTONS"); //clear previous buttons for parts/kanji if(target_view == viewParts){ for (UIButton *btn in parts_buttons) { [btn removeFromSuperview]; } [parts_buttons removeAllObjects]; } else if(target_view == viewKanji){ for (UIButton *btn in kanji_buttons) { [btn removeFromSuperview]; } [kanji_buttons removeAllObjects]; } //display options int chars_per_line = 9; //change this to change the number of chars displayed on each line if(target_view == viewKanji){ chars_per_line = 8; } int char_gap = 0; //change this to change the margin between chars int char_dimensions = (320/chars_per_line)-(char_gap*2); //set starting x, y coords int x = 0, y = 0; //increment y coord y += char_gap; //NSLog(@"ABOUT TO DRAW FIRST BUTTON"); for(NSMutableArray *char_arr in chars){ //increment x coord x += char_gap; //draw at x and y UIButton *myButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom]; myButton.frame = CGRectMake(x, y, char_dimensions, char_dimensions); // position in the parent view and set the size of the button [myButton setTitle:[char_arr objectAtIndex:0] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [myButton setTitleColor:[UIColor darkGrayColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [myButton setTitleColor:[UIColor colorWithRed:0.8 green:0.8 blue:0.8 alpha:1.0] forState:UIControlStateDisabled]; myButton.titleLabel.font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:22]; if(target_view == viewKanji){ myButton.titleLabel.font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:30]; } // add targets and actions if(target_view == viewParts){ [myButton addTarget:self action:@selector(partSelected:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; } else if(target_view == viewKanji){ [myButton addTarget:self action:@selector(kanjiSelected:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; [myButton setTag:(int)[char_arr objectAtIndex:1]]; } //if the part isnt in the current list of kanji, disable and dim it if(target_view == viewParts){ if([kanji count] > 0){ [myButton setEnabled:NO]; } bool do_break = NO; for(NSMutableArray *arr in kanji){ //NSLog([NSString stringWithFormat:@"CHECKING PARTS AGAINST %d KANJI", [kanji count]]); for(NSString *str in [[arr objectAtIndex:2] componentsSeparatedByString:@" "]){ if(([myButton.titleLabel.text isEqualToString:str])){ //NSLog(@"--------------MATCH!!!-----------------"); [myButton setEnabled:YES]; for(NSString *str1 in parts_selected){ if(([myButton.titleLabel.text isEqualToString:str1])){ [myButton setEnabled:NO]; break; } } do_break = YES; break; } if(do_break) break; } if(do_break) break; } } // add to a view [target_view addSubview:myButton]; //update coords of next button x += char_dimensions+ char_gap; if (x > (320-char_dimensions)) { x = 0; y += char_dimensions + (char_gap*2); } //add button to global array to be removed from view next update if(target_view == viewParts){ [parts_buttons addObject:myButton]; } else if(target_view == viewKanji){ [kanji_buttons addObject:myButton]; } } //NSLog(@"FINISHED DRAWING ALL BUTTONS"); } Any help on this would be greatly appreciated. I just need to fix this to finish my app.

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  • Jquery change function don’t work properly

    - by user1493448
    I have same id, name two html select. If I change first html select then it’s work properly but If I change second html select then it’s not work. Please can someone point out what I may be doing wrong here? Many thanks. Here is my code: <html> <head> <title>the title</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $("#name").change(function(){ $.post( "data.php", $("#testform").serialize(), function(data) { $('#stage1').html(data); } ); var str = $("#testform").serialize(); $("#stage2").text(str); }); }); </script> </head> <body> <div id="stage1" style="background-color:blue; color: white"> STAGE - 1 </div> <form id="testform"> <table> <tr> <td><p>Fruit:</p></td> <td> <select id="name" name="name[]"> <option>Apple</option> <option>Mango</option> <option>Orange</option> <option>Banana</option> </select> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>Fruit:</p></td> <td> <select id="name" name="name[]"> <option>Apple</option> <option>Mango</option> <option>Orange</option> <option>Banana</option> </select> </td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html> Php code: <?php $fruit=$_REQUEST["name"]; $n = count($fruit); for($i=0;$i<$n; $i++) { echo $fruit[$i]."<br/>"; } ?>

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  • Search like google

    - by Rajanikant
    I have a task to make a search module in which i have database users and tablename userProfile and i want to search profile when i entered text in text box for ex. if i entered "I am looking for MBA in delhi" or 'mba information in delhi' it will displayed all user registered expertise as mba and city in delhi . this will be like job portal or any social networking portal my database is -- phpMyAdmin SQL Dump -- version 2.8.1 -- http://www.phpmyadmin.net -- Host: localhost -- Generation Time: May 01, 2010 at 10:58 AM -- Server version: 5.0.21 -- PHP Version: 5.1.4 -- Database: users -- -- Table structure for table userProfile CREATE TABLE userprofile ( id int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, name varchar(50) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL, expertise varchar(50) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL, city varchar(50) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL, state varchar(50) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL, discription varchar(500) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 COLLATE=latin1_general_ci AUTO_INCREMENT=3 ; -- -- Dumping data for table userProfile INSERT INTO userProfile VALUES (1, 'a', 'MBA HR', 'Delhi', 'Delhi', 'Fortune is top management college in Delhi, Best B-schools in India providing business studies and management training. FIIB is Delhi based most ranked ...'); INSERT INTO userProfile VALUES (2, 'b', 'MBA marketing', 'Delhi', 'Delhi', 'Fortune is top management college in Delhi, Best B-schools in India providing business studies and management training. FIIB is Delhi based most ranked ...'); and search.php page <?php include("config.php"); include("class.search.php"); $br=new search(); if($_POST['searchbutton']) { $str=$_POST['textfield']; $brstr=$br->breakkey($str); } ?> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Untitled Document</title> </head> <body> <table width="100%" border="0"> <form name="frmsearch" method="post"> <tr> <td width="367">&nbsp;</td> <td width="300"><label> <input name="textfield" type="text" id="textfield" size="50" /> </label></td> <td width="294"><label> <input type="submit" name="searchbutton" id="button" value="Search" /> </label></td> </tr></form> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> and config.php is <?php error_reporting(E_ALL); $host="localhost"; $username="root"; $password=""; $dbname="users"; $con=mysql_connect($host,$username,$password) or die("could not connect database"); $db=mysql_select_db($dbname,$con) or die("could not select database"); ?> and class.search.php is <?php class search { function breakkey($key) { global $db; $words=explode(' ',$key); return $words; } function searchitem($perm) { global $db; foreach($perm as $k=>$v) { $sql="select * from users" } } } ?>

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  • Saving images only available when logged in

    - by James
    Hi, I've been having some trouble getting images to download when logged into a website that requires you to be logged in. The images can only be viewed when you are logged in to the site, but you cannot seem to view them directly in the browser if you copy its location into a tab/new window (it redirects to an error page - so I guess the containing folder has be .htaccess-ed). Anyway, the code I have below allows me to log in and grab the HTML content, which works well - but I cannot grab the images ... this is where I need help! <? // curl.php class Curl { public $cookieJar = ""; public function __construct($cookieJarFile = 'cookies.txt') { $this->cookieJar = $cookieJarFile; } function setup() { $header = array(); $header[0] = "Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,"; $header[0] .= "text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/gif;q=0.8,image/x-bitmap;q=0.8,image/jpeg;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5"; $header[] = "Cache-Control: max-age=0"; $header[] = "Connection: keep-alive"; $header[] = "Keep-Alive: 300"; $header[] = "Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7"; $header[] = "Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5"; $header[] = "Pragma: "; // browsers keep this blank. curl_setopt($this->curl, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; en-US; rv:1.8.1.7) Gecko/20070914 Firefox/2.0.0.7'); curl_setopt($this->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $header); curl_setopt($this->curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $this->cookieJar); curl_setopt($this->curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $this->cookieJar); curl_setopt($this->curl, CURLOPT_AUTOREFERER, true); curl_setopt($this->curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true); curl_setopt($this->curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true); } function get($url) { $this->curl = curl_init($url); $this->setup(); return $this->request(); } function getAll($reg, $str) { preg_match_all($reg, $str, $matches); return $matches[1]; } function postForm($url, $fields, $referer = '') { $this->curl = curl_init($url); $this->setup(); curl_setopt($this->curl, CURLOPT_URL, $url); curl_setopt($this->curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1); curl_setopt($this->curl, CURLOPT_REFERER, $referer); curl_setopt($this->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $fields); return $this->request(); } function getInfo($info) { $info = ($info == 'lasturl') ? curl_getinfo($this->curl, CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL) : curl_getinfo($this->curl, $info); return $info; } function request() { return curl_exec($this->curl); } } ?> And below is the page that uses it. <? // data.php include('curl.php'); $curl = new Curl(); $url = "http://domain.com/login.php"; $newURL = "http://domain.com/go_here.php"; $username = "user"; $password = "pass"; $fields = "user=$username&pass=$password"; // Calling URL $referer = "http://domain.com/refering_page.php"; $html = $curl->postForm($url, $fields, $referer); $html = $curl->get($newURL); echo $html; ?> I've tried putting the direct URL for the image into $newURL but that doesn't get the image - it simply returns an error saying since that folder is not available to view directly. I've tried varying the above in different ways, but I haven't been successful in getting an image, though I have managed to get a screen through basically saying error 405 and/or 406 (but not the image I want). Any help would be great!

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  • Input string was not in a correct format.

    - by Jon
    I have this error which doesn't happen on my local machine but it does when the code is built by our build sever and deployed to the target server. I can't work out what the problem is, after having spent many hours on this issue. Here is an error trace: [FormatException: Input string was not in a correct format.] System.Number.StringToNumber(String str, NumberStyles options, NumberBuffer& number, NumberFormatInfo info, Boolean parseDecimal) +7469351 System.Number.ParseInt32(String s, NumberStyles style, NumberFormatInfo info) +119 System.Byte.Parse(String s, NumberStyles style, NumberFormatInfo info) +35 System.String.System.IConvertible.ToByte(IFormatProvider provider) +46 System.Convert.ChangeType(Object value, TypeCode typeCode, IFormatProvider provider) +199 System.Web.UI.WebControls.Parameter.GetValue(Object value, String defaultValue, TypeCode type, Boolean convertEmptyStringToNull, Boolean ignoreNullableTypeChanges) +127 System.Web.UI.WebControls.Parameter.GetValue(Object value, Boolean ignoreNullableTypeChanges) +66 System.Web.UI.WebControls.ParameterCollection.GetValues(HttpContext context, Control control) +285 System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSourceView.InitializeParameters(DbCommand command, ParameterCollection parameters, IDictionary exclusionList) +251 System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSourceView.ExecuteSelect(DataSourceSelectArguments arguments) +476 System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSource.Select(DataSourceSelectArguments arguments) +19 Customer_NewTenancyList.BindReport(GridSortEventArgs e) +442 Customer_NewTenancyList.Page_Load(Object sender, EventArgs e) +345 System.Web.UI.Control.OnLoad(EventArgs e) +73 baseRslpage.OnLoad(EventArgs e) +16 System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() +52 System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) +2170 Here is my own trace: Begin PreInit aspx.page End PreInit 3.12888928620816E-05 0.000031 aspx.page Begin Init 7.43111205474439E-05 0.000043 aspx.page End Init 0.00122138428208054 0.001147 aspx.page Begin InitComplete 0.00125379063540199 0.000032 aspx.page End InitComplete 0.00127781603527823 0.000024 aspx.page Begin PreLoad 0.00131022238859967 0.000032 aspx.page End PreLoad 0.00133424778847591 0.000024 aspx.page Begin Load 0.00135575890231859 0.000022 Page_Load 0.00145996209015392 0.000104 BindReport 0.0014856636807192 0.000026 Parameters add start: 30/03/2010 30/04/2010 0.0015569017850034 0.000071 Parameters add ended 0.00160048274291844 0.000044 Trace 1 0.00162450814279468 0.000024 Unhandled Execution Error Input string was not in a correct format. at System.Number.StringToNumber(String str, NumberStyles options, NumberBuffer& number, NumberFormatInfo info, Boolean parseDecimal) at System.Number.ParseInt32(String s, NumberStyles style, NumberFormatInfo info) at System.Byte.Parse(String s, NumberStyles style, NumberFormatInfo info) at System.String.System.IConvertible.ToByte(IFormatProvider provider) at System.Convert.ChangeType(Object value, TypeCode typeCode, IFormatProvider provider) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.Parameter.GetValue(Object value, String defaultValue, TypeCode type, Boolean convertEmptyStringToNull, Boolean ignoreNullableTypeChanges) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.Parameter.GetValue(Object value, Boolean ignoreNullableTypeChanges) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.ParameterCollection.GetValues(HttpContext context, Control control) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSourceView.InitializeParameters(DbCommand command, ParameterCollection parameters, IDictionary exclusionList) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSourceView.ExecuteSelect(DataSourceSelectArguments arguments) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSource.Select(DataSourceSelectArguments arguments) at Customer_NewTenancyList.BindReport(GridSortEventArgs e) at Customer_NewTenancyList.Page_Load(Object sender, EventArgs e) at System.Web.UI.Control.OnLoad(EventArgs e) at baseRslpage.OnLoad(EventArgs e) at System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) And here is my code: Trace.Warn("BindReport") Dim sds As New SqlDataSource sds.SelectCommand = "C_MYSTORED_PROC" sds.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("connstring").ConnectionString sds.SelectCommandType = SqlDataSourceCommandType.StoredProcedure Trace.Warn(String.Format("Parameters add start: {0} {1}", dpFrom.Text, dpTo.Text)) sds.SelectParameters.Add(New Parameter("FROMDATE", DbType.DateTime, dpFrom.Text)) sds.SelectParameters.Add(New Parameter("TODATE", DbType.DateTime, dpTo.Text)) Trace.Warn("Parameters add ended") Dim dv As DataView Dim dt As DataTable Trace.Warn("Trace 1") dv = sds.Select(New DataSourceSelectArguments()) Trace.Warn("Trace 2") If e IsNot Nothing Then dv.Sort = String.Format("{0} {1}", e.SortField, e.SortDirection) Trace.Warn("Trace 3") Else gvReport.CurrentSortColumnIndex = 0 gvReport.Columns(0).SortDirection = "DESC" Trace.Warn("Trace 4") End If Trace.Warn("Trace 5") dt = dv.ToTable() Cache("NewTenancyList") = dt Trace.Warn("Trace 6") Trace.Warn("About to databind") gvReport.DataSource = dt gvReport.DataBind() Trace.Warn("Databinded") What I don't understand and this is really weird, why does it work on my local machine but not on the live server? If i build the code on my local machine then copy over the complete \bin directory it works. If I pull the code from source safe, build then copy, I get this error. It seems to choke after the line "dv = sds.Select(New DataSourceSelectArguments())" in the code.

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  • Running an allocation simulation repeatedly breaks after the first run.

    - by Az
    Background I have a bunch of students, their desired projects and the supervisors for the respective projects. I'm running a battery of simulations to see which projects the students end up with, which will allow me to get some useful statistics required for feedback. So, this is essentially a Monte-Carlo simulation where I'm randomising the list of students and then iterating through it, allocating projects until I hit the end of the list. Then the process is repeated again. Note that, within a single session, after each successful allocation of a project the following take place: + the project is set to allocated and cannot be given to another student + the supervisor has a fixed quota of students he can supervise. This is decremented by 1 + Once the quota hits 0, all the projects from that supervisor become blocked and this has the same effect as a project being allocated Code def resetData(): for student in students.itervalues(): student.allocated_project = None for supervisor in supervisors.itervalues(): supervisor.quota = 0 for project in projects.itervalues(): project.allocated = False project.blocked = False The role of resetData() is to "reset" certain bits of the data. For example, when a project is successfully allocated, project.allocated for that project is flipped to True. While that's useful for a single run, for the next run I need to be deallocated. Above I'm iterating through thee three dictionaries - one each for students, projects and supervisors - where the information is stored. The next bit is the "Monte-Carlo" simulation for the allocation algorithm. sesh_id = 1 for trial in range(50): for id in randomiseStudents(1): stud_id = id student = students[id] if not student.preferences: # Ignoring the students who've not entered any preferences for rank in ranks: temp_proj = random.choice(list(student.preferences[rank])) if not (temp_proj.allocated or temp_proj.blocked): alloc_proj = student.allocated_proj_ref = temp_proj.proj_id alloc_proj_rank = student.allocated_rank = rank successActions(temp_proj) temp_alloc = Allocated(sesh_id, stud_id, alloc_proj, alloc_proj_rank) print temp_alloc # Explained break sesh_id += 1 resetData() # Refer to def resetData() above All randomiseStudents(1) does is randomise the order of students. Allocated is a class defined as such: class Allocated(object): def __init__(self, sesh_id, stud_id, alloc_proj, alloc_proj_rank): self.sesh_id = sesh_id self.stud_id = stud_id self.alloc_proj = alloc_proj self.alloc_proj_rank = alloc_proj_rank def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "%s - Student: %s (Project: %s - Rank: %s)" %(self.sesh_id, self.stud_id, self.alloc_proj, self.alloc_proj_rank) Output and problem Now if I run this I get an output such as this (truncated): 1 - Student: 7720 (Project: 1100241 - Rank: 1) 1 - Student: 7832 (Project: 1100339 - Rank: 1) 1 - Student: 7743 (Project: 1100359 - Rank: 1) 1 - Student: 7820 (Project: 1100261 - Rank: 2) 1 - Student: 7829 (Project: 1100270 - Rank: 1) . . . 1 - Student: 7822 (Project: 1100280 - Rank: 1) 1 - Student: 7792 (Project: 1100141 - Rank: 7) 2 - Student: 7739 (Project: 1100267 - Rank: 1) 3 - Student: 7806 (Project: 1100272 - Rank: 1) . . . 45 - Student: 7806 (Project: 1100272 - Rank: 1) 46 - Student: 7714 (Project: 1100317 - Rank: 1) 47 - Student: 7930 (Project: 1100343 - Rank: 1) 48 - Student: 7757 (Project: 1100358 - Rank: 1) 49 - Student: 7759 (Project: 1100269 - Rank: 1) 50 - Student: 7778 (Project: 1100301 - Rank: 1) Basically, it works perfectly for the first run, but on subsequent runs leading upto the nth run, in this case 50, only a single student-project allocation pair is returned. Thus, the main issue I'm having trouble with is figuring out what is causing this anomalous behaviour especially since the first run works smoothly. Thanks in advance, Az

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  • Phone-book Database Help - Python

    - by IDOntWantThat
    I'm new to programming and have an assignment I've been working at for awhile. I understand defining functions and a lot of the basics but I'm kind of running into a brick wall at this point. I'm trying to figure this one out and don't really understand how the 'class' feature works yet. I'd appreciate any help with this one; also any help with some python resources that have can dummy down how/why classes are used. You've been going to work on a database project at work for sometime now. Your boss encourages you to program the database in Python. You disagree, arguing that Python is not a database language but your boss persists by providing the source code below for a sample telephone database. He asks you to do two things: Evaluate the existing source code and extend it to make it useful for managers in the firm. (You do not need a GUI interface, just work on the database aspects: data entry and retrieval - of course you must get the program to run or properly work He wants you to critically evaluate Python as a database tool. Import the sample code below into the Python IDLE and enhance it, run it and debug it. Add features to make this a more realistic database tool by providing for easy data entry and retrieval. import shelve import string UNKNOWN = 0 HOME = 1 WORK = 2 FAX = 3 CELL = 4 class phoneentry: def __init__(self, name = 'Unknown', number = 'Unknown', type = UNKNOWN): self.name = name self.number = number self.type = type # create string representation def __repr__(self): return('%s:%d' % ( self.name, self.type )) # fuzzy compare or two items def __cmp__(self, that): this = string.lower(str(self)) that = string.lower(that) if string.find(this, that) >= 0: return(0) return(cmp(this, that)) def showtype(self): if self.type == UNKNOWN: return('Unknown') if self.type == HOME: return('Home') if self.type == WORK: return('Work') if self.type == FAX: return('Fax') if self.type == CELL: return('Cellular') class phonedb: def __init__(self, dbname = 'phonedata'): self.dbname = dbname; self.shelve = shelve.open(self.dbname); def __del__(self): self.shelve.close() self.shelve = None def add(self, name, number, type = HOME): e = phoneentry(name, number, type) self.shelve[str(e)] = e def lookup(self, string): list = [] for key in self.shelve.keys(): e = self.shelve[key] if cmp(e, string) == 0: list.append(e) return(list) # if not being loaded as a module, run a small test if __name__ == '__main__': foo = phonedb() foo.add('Sean Reifschneider', '970-555-1111', HOME) foo.add('Sean Reifschneider', '970-555-2222', CELL) foo.add('Evelyn Mitchell', '970-555-1111', HOME) print 'First lookup:' for entry in foo.lookup('reifsch'): print '%-40s %s (%s)' % ( entry.name, entry.number, entry.showtype() ) print print 'Second lookup:' for entry in foo.lookup('e'): print '%-40s %s (%s)' % ( entry.name, entry.number, entry.showtype() ) I'm not sure if I'm on the right track but here is what I have so far: def openPB(): foo = phonedb() print 'Please select an option:' print '1 - Lookup' print '2 - Add' print '3 - Delete' print '4 - Quit' entry=int(raw_input('>> ')) if entry==1: namelookup=raw_input('Please enter a name: ') for entry in foo.lookup(namelookup): print '%-40s %s (%s)' % (entry.name, entry.number, entry.showtype() ) elif entry==2: name=raw_input('Name: ') number=raw_input('Number: ') showtype=input('Type (UNKNOWN, HOME, WORK, FAX, CELL): \n>> ') for entry in foo.add(name, number, showtype): #Trying to figure out this part print '%-40s %s (%s)'% (entry.name, entry.number, entry.showtype() ) elif entry==3: delname=raw_input('Please enter a name to delete: ') # #Trying to figure out this part print "Contact '%s' has been deleted" (delname) elif entry==4: print "Phone book is now closed" quit else: print "Your entry was not recognized." openPB() openPB()

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  • image processing algorithm in MATLAB

    - by user261002
    I am trying to reconstruct an algorithm belong to this paper: Decomposition of biospeckle images in temporary spectral bands Here is an explanation of the algorithm: We recorded a sequence of N successive speckle images with a sampling frequency fs. In this way it was possible to observe how a pixel evolves through the N images. That evolution can be treated as a time series and can be processed in the following way: Each signal corresponding to the evolution of every pixel was used as input to a bank of filters. The intensity values were previously divided by their temporal mean value to minimize local differences in reflectivity or illumination of the object. The maximum frequency that can be adequately analyzed is determined by the sampling theorem and s half of sampling frequency fs. The latter is set by the CCD camera, the size of the image, and the frame grabber. The bank of filters is outlined in Fig. 1. In our case, ten 5° order Butterworth11 filters were used, but this number can be varied according to the required discrimination. The bank was implemented in a computer using MATLAB software. We chose the Butter-worth filter because, in addition to its simplicity, it is maximally flat. Other filters, an infinite impulse response, or a finite impulse response could be used. By means of this bank of filters, ten corresponding signals of each filter of each temporary pixel evolution were obtained as output. Average energy Eb in each signal was then calculated: where pb(n) is the intensity of the filtered pixel in the nth image for filter b divided by its mean value and N is the total number of images. In this way, en values of energy for each pixel were obtained, each of hem belonging to one of the frequency bands in Fig. 1. With these values it is possible to build ten images of the active object, each one of which shows how much energy of time-varying speckle there is in a certain frequency band. False color assignment to the gray levels in the results would help in discrimination. and here is my MATLAB code base on that : clear all for i=0:39 str = num2str(i); str1 = strcat(str,'.mat'); load(str1); D{i+1}=A; end new_max = max(max(A)); new_min = min(min(A)); for i=20:180 for j=20:140 ts = []; for k=1:40 ts = [ts D{k}(i,j)]; %%% kth image pixel i,j --- ts is time series end ts = double(ts); temp = mean(ts); ts = ts-temp; ts = ts/temp; N = 5; % filter order W = [0.00001 0.05;0.05 0.1;0.1 0.15;0.15 0.20;0.20 0.25;0.25 0.30;0.30 0.35;0.35 0.40;0.40 0.45;0.45 0.50]; N1 = 5; for ind = 1:10 Wn = W(ind,:); [B,A] = butter(N1,Wn); ts_f(ind,:) = filter(B,A,ts); end for ind=1:10 imag_test1{ind}(i,j) =sum((ts_f(ind,:)./mean(ts_f(ind,:))).^2); end end end for i=1:10 temp_imag = imag_test1{i}(:,:); x=isnan(temp_imag); temp_imag(x)=0; temp_imag=medfilt2(temp_imag); t_max = max(max(temp_imag)); t_min = min(min(temp_imag)); temp_imag = (temp_imag-t_min).*(double(new_max-new_min)/double(t_max-t_min))+double(new_min); imag_test2{i}(:,:) = temp_imag; end for i=1:10 A=imag_test2{i}(:,:); B=A/max(max(A)); B=histeq(B); figure,imshow(B) colorbar end but I am not getting the same result as paper. has anybody has aby idea why? or where I have gone wrong? Refrence Link to the paper

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  • Error in python - don't understand

    - by Jasper
    Hi, I'm creating a game, and am quite new to Python generally. I created a function 'descriptionGenerator()' which generates a description for characters and objects either randomly or using variables passed to it. It seemed to be working, but every now and then it wouldn't work correctly. So i placed it in a loop, and it never seems to be able to complete the loop without one of the iterations having this problem. The code is as follows: #+------------------------------------------+ #| Name: bitsandpieces.py | #| A module for the 'Europa I' game | #| created for the Game Making Competition | #| | #| Date Created/Modified: | #| 3/4/10 | 3/4/10 | #+------------------------------------------+ # Import the required modules # Import system modules: import time import random # Import 3rd party modules: # Import game modules: # Define the 'descriptionGenerator()' function def descriptionGenerator(descriptionVariables): descriptionVariableSize = len(descriptionVariables) if descriptionVariables[0] == 'char': # If there is only one variable ('char'), create a random description if descriptionVariableSize == 1: # Define choices for descriptionVariables to be generated from gender_choices = ['male', 'female'] hair_choices = ['black', 'red', 'blonde', 'grey', 'brown', 'blue'] hair_choices2 = ['long', 'short', 'cropped', 'curly'] size_choices = ['tubby', 'thin', 'fat', 'almost twig-like'] demeanour_choices = ['glowering', 'bright', 'smiling', 'sombre', 'intelligent'] impression_choices = ['likeable', 'unlikeable', 'dangerous', 'annoying', 'afraid'] # Define description variables gender = random.choice(gender_choices) height = str(float('0.' + str(random.randint(1, 9))) + float(random.randint(1, 2))) if float(height) > 1.8: height_string = 'tall' if float(height) > 2: height_string = 'very tall' elif float(height) < 1.8 and float(height) > 1.5: height_string = 'average' elif float(height) < 1.5: height_string = 'short' if float(height) < 1.3: height_string = 'very short' hair = random.choice(hair_choices2) + ' ' + random.choice(hair_choices) size = random.choice(size_choices) demeanour = random.choice(demeanour_choices) impression = random.choice(impression_choices) # Collect description variables in list 'randomDescriptionVariables' randomDescriptionVariables = ['char', gender, height, height_string, hair, size, demeanour, impression] # Generate description using the 'descriptionGenerator' function descriptionGenerator(randomDescriptionVariables) # Generate the description of a character using the variables passed to the function elif descriptionVariableSize == 8: if descriptionVariables[1] == 'male': if descriptionVariables[7] != 'afraid': print """A %s man, about %s m tall. He has %s hair and is %s. He is %s and you get the impression that he is %s.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) elif descriptionVariables[7] == 'afraid': print """A %s man, about %s m tall. He has %s hair and is %s. He is %s.\nYou feel that you should be %s of him.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) elif descriptionVariables[1] == 'female': if descriptionVariables[7] != 'afraid': print """A %s woman, about %s m tall. She has %s hair and is %s. She is %s and you get the impression that she is %s.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) elif descriptionVariables[7] == 'afraid': print """A %s woman, about %s m tall. She has %s hair and is %s. She is %s.\nYou feel that you should be %s of her.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) else: pass elif descriptionVariables[0] == 'obj': # Insert code here 2 deal with object stuff pass print print myDescriptionVariables = ['char'] i = 0 while i < 30: print print print descriptionGenerator(myDescriptionVariables) i = i + 1 time.sleep(10) When it fails to properly execute it says this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/Jasper/Development/Programming/MyProjects/Game Making Challenge/Europa I/Code/Code 2.0/bitsandpieces.py", line 79, in <module> descriptionGenerator(myDescriptionVariables) File "/Users/Jasper/Development/Programming/MyProjects/Game Making Challenge/Europa I/Code/Code 2.0/bitsandpieces.py", line 50, in descriptionGenerator randomDescriptionVariables = ['char', gender, height, height_string, hair, size, demeanour, impression] UnboundLocalError: local variable 'height_string' referenced before assignment Thanks for any help with this

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  • Can you Download the cmid.ctt File

    - by ArtistDigital
    Can you Download the cmid.ctt File Zong.com.pk http://203.82.55.30/websms/default.aspx?txt_Msg=your-name&txt_MNumber=033489667417&txt_Nick=your-name Still Waiting for Reply.... kindly more Developer to broke the Server expection function alphanumeric(alphane) { var numaric = alphane; for(var j=0; j 47 && hh<59) || (hh 64 && hh<91) || (hh 96 && hh<123)) { } else { return false; } } return true; } function charscount(msg, frm) { frm.num_chars.value = 147 - msg.length; // m = msg; } function moveDivDown() { var el = document.getElementById("chatwindow") st = el.scrollTop; el.scrollTop = el.scrollTop + 300 } function trim(str) { return str.replace(/^\s*|\s*$/g,""); } var XMLHttp; var XMLHttp2; /SEND TO SERVER/ function GetXmlHttpObject() { var objXMLHttp=null /* if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { objXMLHttp=new XMLHttpRequest() } else if (window.ActiveXObject) { objXMLHttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") }*/ var ua = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); if (!window.ActiveXObject) objXMLHttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); else if (ua.indexOf('msie 5') == -1) objXMLHttp = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); else objXMLHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); return objXMLHttp } function updateChatWindow() { var txt_Msg, txt_mNumber, txt_Nick, myMessage txt_MNumber = document.getElementById("txt_MNumber").value txt_Msg = document.getElementById("txt_Msg").value txt_Nick = document.getElementById("txt_Nick").value txt_Nick = trim (txt_Nick) if (txt_Nick.length==0) { alert ("Please enter the Nick Name") document.getElementById("txt_Nick").focus() document.getElementById("txt_Nick").value="" return false; } if (!alphanumeric(txt_Nick)) { alert ("Please enter a valid alphanumeric Nick Name") document.getElementById("txt_Nick").value="" document.getElementById("txt_Nick").focus() return false; } if (txt_Msg.length==0) return false; if (txt_MNumber.length != 10) { alert ("Please Enter a 10 digit recipient mobile number") return false } if (!IsNumeric (txt_MNumber)) { alert ("Please Enter a valid 10 digit recipient mobile number") return false } document.getElementById("txt_Msg").value = "" document.getElementById("num_chars").value = "147" document.getElementById("txt_Msg").focus() myMessage = '' +txt_Nick + ' Says: ' + txt_Msg + '' document.getElementById("chatwindow").innerHTML= document.getElementById("chatwindow").innerHTML + myMessage moveDivDown() XMLHttp = GetXmlHttpObject() if (XMLHttp==null) { alert ("Browser does not support HTTP Request") return false; } var url="default.aspx?" url=url+"txt_Msg="+txt_Msg url=url+"&txt_MNumber="+txt_MNumber url=url+"&txt_Nick="+txt_Nick url=url+"&sid="+Math.random() XMLHttp.onreadystatechange=stateChanged XMLHttp.open("GET",url,true) XMLHttp.send(null) return false; } function stateChanged() { if (XMLHttp.readyState==4 || XMLHttp.readyState=="complete") { try { document.getElementById("chatwindow").innerHTML= document.getElementById("chatwindow").innerHTML+ XMLHttp.responseText moveDivDown() } catch (e){} } } /RECEIVE FROM SERVER/ function checkResponse() { XMLHttp2 = GetXmlHttpObject() if (XMLHttp2==null) { alert ("Browser does not support HTTP Request") return } var url="" url=url+"?r=C" url=url+"&sid="+Math.random() XMLHttp2.onreadystatechange=stateChanged2 XMLHttp2.open("GET",url,true) XMLHttp2.send(null) } function stateChanged2() { if (XMLHttp2.readyState==4 || XMLHttp2.readyState=="complete") { try { document.getElementById("chatwindow").innerHTML= document.getElementById("chatwindow").innerHTML + XMLHttp2.responseText moveDivDown() } catch (e){} //Again Check Updates after 3 Seconds setTimeout("checkResponse()", 2000); } } function IsNumeric(sText) { var ValidChars = "0123456789"; var IsNumber=true; var Char; for (i = 0; i < sText.length && IsNumber == true; i++) { Char = sText.charAt(i); if (ValidChars.indexOf(Char) == -1) { IsNumber = false; } } return IsNumber; }

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  • php script dies when it calls a bash script, maybe a problem of server configuration

    - by user347501
    Hi!!! I have some problems with a PHP script that calls a Bash script.... in the PHP script is uploaded a XML file, then the PHP script calls a Bash script that cut the file in portions (for example, is uploaded a XML file of 30,000 lines, so the Bash script cut the file in portions of 10,000 lines, so it will be 3 files of 10,000 each one) The file is uploaded, the Bash script cut the lines, but when the Bash script returns to the PHP script, the PHP script dies, & I dont know why... I tested the script in another server and it works fine... I dont believe that is a memory problem, maybe it is a processor problem, I dont know, I dont know what to do, what can I do??? (Im using the function shell_exec in PHP to call the Bash script) The error only happens if the XML file has more than 8,000 lines, but if the file has less then 8,000 everything is ok (this is relative, it depends of the amount of data, of strings, of letters that contains each line) what can you suggest me??? (sorry for my bad english, I have to practice a lot xD) I leave the code here PHP script (at the end, after the ?, there is html & javascript code, but it doesnt appear, only the javascript code... basically the html is only to upload the file) " . date('c') . ": $str"; $file = fopen("uploadxmltest.debug.txt","a"); fwrite($file,date('c') . ": $str\n"); fclose($file); } try{ if(is_uploaded_file($_FILES['tfile']['tmp_name'])){ debug("step 1: the file was uploaded"); $norg=date('y-m-d')."_".md5(microtime()); $nfle="testfiles/$norg.xml"; $ndir="testfiles/$norg"; $ndir2="testfiles/$norg"; if(move_uploaded_file($_FILES['tfile']['tmp_name'],"$nfle")){ debug("step 2: the file was moved to the directory"); debug("memory_get_usage(): " . memory_get_usage()); debug("memory_get_usage(true): " . memory_get_usage(true)); debug("memory_get_peak_usage(): " . memory_get_peak_usage()); debug("memory_get_peak_usage(true): " . memory_get_peak_usage(true)); $shll=shell_exec("./crm_cutfile_v2.sh \"$nfle\" \"$ndir\" \"$norg\" "); debug("result: $shll"); debug("memory_get_usage(): " . memory_get_usage()); debug("memory_get_usage(true): " . memory_get_usage(true)); debug("memory_get_peak_usage(): " . memory_get_peak_usage()); debug("memory_get_peak_usage(true): " . memory_get_peak_usage(true)); debug("step 3: the file was cutted. END"); } else{ debug("ERROR: I didnt move the file"); exit(); } } else{ debug("ERROR: I didnt upload the file"); //exit(); } } catch(Exception $e){ debug("Exception: " . $e-getMessage()); exit(); } ? Test function uploadFile(){ alert("start"); if(document.test.tfile.value==""){ alert("First you have to upload a file"); } else{ document.test.submit(); } } Bash script with AWK #!/bin/bash #For single messages (one message per contact) function cutfile(){ lines=$( cat "$1" | awk 'END {print NR}' ) fline="$4"; if [ -d "$2" ]; then exsts=1 else mkdir "$2" fi cp "$1" "$2/datasource.xml" cd "$2" i=1 contfile=1 while [ $i -le $lines ] do currentline=$( cat "datasource.xml" | awk -v fl=$i 'NR==fl {print $0}' ) #creates first file if [ $i -eq 1 ]; then echo "$fline" "$3_1.txt" else #creates the rest of files when there are more than 10,000 contacts rsd=$(( ( $i - 2 ) % 10000 )) if [ $rsd -eq 0 ]; then echo "" "$3_$contfile.txt" contfile=$(( $contfile + 1 )) echo "$fline" "$3_$contfile.txt" fi fi echo "$currentline" "$3_$contfile.txt" i=$(( $i + 1 )) done echo "" "$3_$contfile.txt" return 1 } #For multiple messages (one message for all contacts) function cutfile_multi(){ return 1 } cutfile "$1" "$2" "$3" "$4" echo 1 thanks!!!!! =D

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  • performing authorisation/authentication between webservices

    - by mary
    Hi, i am developing webservices.In that i want to maintain state information so that all WebMethods could be access only after Login. I have tried but getting problem. I am attaching my code. Any other alternative will also be welcomed. [ WebService(Namespace = "http://amSubfah.org/")] [ WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)] // To allow this Web Service to be called from script, using ASP.NET AJAX, uncomment the following line. // [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService] public class Login : System.Web.Services.WebService { Message msgObj = new Message(); BaseClass b = new BaseClass(); PasswordEncryptionDecryption pedObj = new PasswordEncryptionDecryption(); public AuthHeader Authentication=new AuthHeader (); public Login () { //Uncomment the following line if using designed components //InitializeComponent(); } [ SoapHeader("Authentication", Required = true)] [System.Web.Services. WebMethod(EnableSession = true)] public string checkUserLogin(string user, string pwd) { DataSet dsLogin = new DataSet(); List sqlParams = new List(); SqlParameter sqlParam1 = new SqlParameter("@UserName", SqlDbType.NVarChar); sqlParam1.Value = user; sqlParams.Add(sqlParam1); SqlParameter sqlParam2 = new SqlParameter("@Password", SqlDbType.NVarChar); string pass = pedObj.encryptPassword(pwd); sqlParam2.Value = pass; sqlParams.Add(sqlParam2); try { b.initializeDBConnection(); dsLogin = b.execSelectLoginQuery( Query.strSelectLoginData, sqlParams); } catch (SqlException sqlEx) { string str = msgObj.msgErrorMessage + sqlEx.Message + sqlEx.StackTrace; } {if ((dsLogin != null) && (dsLogin.Tables[0].Rows.Count != 0)) { Session[ "username"] = user; string sessionId = System.Guid.NewGuid().ToString(); Authentication.sessionId = sessionId; Authentication.Username = user; return msgObj.msgLoginSuccess; } else return msgObj .msgLoginFail ; } //webmethod for registration [ SoapHeader("Authentication", Required = true)] [System .Web .Services . WebMethod (EnableSession =true )] public string insertRegistrationDetails(string fName,string lName,string email,string pwd) { //string u = Session["username"].ToString(); //if (u == "") //{ // //checkUserLogin(fName,pwd ); // return "Please login first"; //} if (Authentication.Username == null || Authentication.sessionId == null) { return "Please Login first"; } List sqlParams = new List(); int insert = 0; string msg = "" ; SqlParameter sqlParam = new SqlParameter("@FName", SqlDbType.NVarChar); sqlParam.Value = fName; sqlParam.Size = 50; sqlParams.Add(sqlParam); SqlParameter sqlParam1 = new SqlParameter("@LName", SqlDbType.NVarChar); sqlParam1.Value = lName; sqlParam1.Size = 50; sqlParams.Add(sqlParam1); SqlParameter sqlParam5 = new SqlParameter("@Email", SqlDbType.NVarChar); sqlParam5.Value = email; sqlParam5.Size = 50; sqlParams.Add(sqlParam5); SqlParameter sqlParam7 = new SqlParameter("@Password", SqlDbType.NVarChar); sqlParam7.Value = pedObj .encryptPassword (pwd); sqlParam7.Size = 50; sqlParams.Add(sqlParam7); try { b.initializeDBConnection(); insert = b.execByKeyParams( Query.strInsertIntoRegistrationTable1, sqlParams); if (insert !=0) { msg = msgObj .msgRecInsertedSuccess ; } } catch (SqlException sqlEx) { string str = msgObj.msgErrorMessage + sqlEx.Message + sqlEx.StackTrace; } return msg; } public class AuthHeader : SoapHeader { public string Username; public string sessionId; } }

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  • Problem with reading file line-by-line

    - by Maulrus
    I'm trying to complete an exercise to write a program that takes the following command line arguments: an input file, an output file, and an unspecified number of words. The program is to read the contents of the input file line by line, find for each word given which lines contain the word, and print the lines with their line number to the output file. Here's my code: #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <string> #include <sstream> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { if (argc < 4) { cerr << "Error #1: not enough arguments provided\n"; return 1; } ifstream in(argv[1]); if (!in.is_open()) { cerr << "Error #2: input file could not be opened\n"; return 2; } ofstream out(argv[2]); if (!out.is_open()) { cerr << "Error #3: output file could not be opened\n"; return 3; } ostringstream oss; for (int i = 3; i < argc; ++i) { int k = 0; string temp; oss << argv[i] << ":\n\n"; while (getline(in, temp)) { ++k; unsigned x = temp.find(argv[i]); if (x != string::npos) oss << "Line #" << k << ": " << temp << endl; } } string copy = oss.str(); out << copy; in.close(); out.close(); return 0; } If I try to run that, I get the predicted output for the first word given, but any words following it aren't found. For example, for the source code above will give the following output: in: Line #1: #include <iostream> Line #2: #include <fstream> Line #3: #include <string> Line #4: #include <sstream> Line #5: using namespace std; Line #7: int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { Line #12: ifstream in(argv[1]); Line #13: if (!in.is_open()) { Line #14: cerr << "Error #2: input file could not be opened\n"; Line #22: ostringstream oss; Line #23: string temp; Line #24: for (int i = 3; i < argc; ++i) { Line #26: int k = 0; Line #28: while (getline(in, temp)) { Line #30: unsigned x = temp.find(argv[i]); Line #31: if (x != string::npos) Line #32: oss << "Line #" << k << ": " << temp << endl; Line #35: string copy = oss.str(); Line #37: in.close(); out: That is, it'll find all the instances of the first word given but not any following. What am I doing wrong here?

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  • Why might a System.String object not cache its hash code?

    - by Dan Tao
    A glance at the source code for string.GetHashCode using Reflector reveals the following (for mscorlib.dll version 4.0): public override unsafe int GetHashCode() { fixed (char* str = ((char*) this)) { char* chPtr = str; int num = 0x15051505; int num2 = num; int* numPtr = (int*) chPtr; for (int i = this.Length; i > 0; i -= 4) { num = (((num << 5) + num) + (num >> 0x1b)) ^ numPtr[0]; if (i <= 2) { break; } num2 = (((num2 << 5) + num2) + (num2 >> 0x1b)) ^ numPtr[1]; numPtr += 2; } return (num + (num2 * 0x5d588b65)); } } Now, I realize that the implementation of GetHashCode is not specified and is implementation-dependent, so the question "is GetHashCode implemented in the form of X or Y?" is not really answerable. I'm just curious about a few things: If Reflector has disassembled the DLL correctly and this is the implementation of GetHashCode (in my environment), am I correct in interpreting this code to indicate that a string object, based on this particular implementation, would not cache its hash code? Assuming the answer is yes, why would this be? It seems to me that the memory cost would be minimal (one more 32-bit integer, a drop in the pond compared to the size of the string itself) whereas the savings would be significant, especially in cases where, e.g., strings are used as keys in a hashtable-based collection like a Dictionary<string, [...]>. And since the string class is immutable, it isn't like the value returned by GetHashCode will ever even change. What could I be missing? UPDATE: In response to Andras Zoltan's closing remark: There's also the point made in Tim's answer(+1 there). If he's right, and I think he is, then there's no guarantee that a string is actually immutable after construction, therefore to cache the result would be wrong. Whoa, whoa there! This is an interesting point to make (and yes it's very true), but I really doubt that this was taken into consideration in the implementation of GetHashCode. The statement "therefore to cache the result would be wrong" implies to me that the framework's attitude regarding strings is "Well, they're supposed to be immutable, but really if developers want to get sneaky they're mutable so we'll treat them as such." This is definitely not how the framework views strings. It fully relies on their immutability in so many ways (interning of string literals, assignment of all zero-length strings to string.Empty, etc.) that, basically, if you mutate a string, you're writing code whose behavior is entirely undefined and unpredictable. I guess my point is that for the author(s) of this implementation to worry, "What if this string instance is modified between calls, even though the class as it is publicly exposed is immutable?" would be like for someone planning a casual outdoor BBQ to think to him-/herself, "What if someone brings an atomic bomb to the party?" Look, if someone brings an atom bomb, party's over.

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  • Opinions on Dual-Salt authentication for low sensitivity user accounts?

    - by Heleon
    EDIT - Might be useful for someone in the future... Looking around the bcrypt class in php a little more, I think I understand what's going on, and why bcrypt is secure. In essence, I create a random blowfish salt, which contains the number of crypt rounds to perform during the encryption step, which is then hashed using the crypt() function in php. There is no need for me to store the salt I used in the database, because it's not directly needed to decrypt, and the only way to gain a password match to an email address (without knowing the salt values or number of rounds) would be to brute force plain text passwords against the hash stored in the database using the crypt() function to verify, which, if you've got a strong password, would just be more effort than it's worth for the user information i'm storing... I am currently working on a web project requiring user accounts. The application is CodeIgniter on the server side, so I am using Ion Auth as the authentication library. I have written an authentication system before, where I used 2 salts to secure the passwords. One was a server-wide salt which sat as an environment variable in the .htaccess file, and the other was a randomly generated salt which was created at user signup. This was the method I used in that authentication system for hashing the password: $chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"; //create a random string to be used as the random salt for the password hash $size = strlen($chars); for($i = 0; $i < 22; $i++) { $str .= $chars[rand(0, $size - 1)]; } //create the random salt to be used for the crypt $r_blowfish_salt = "$2a$12$" . $str . "$"; //grab the website salt $salt = getenv('WEBSITE_SALT'); //combine the website salt, and the password $password_to_hash = $pwd . $salt; //crypt the password string using blowfish $password = crypt($password_to_hash, $r_blowfish_salt); I have no idea whether this has holes in it or not, but regardless, I moved over to Ion Auth for a more complete set of functions to use with CI. I noticed that Ion only uses a single salt as part of its hashing mechanism (although does recommend that encryption_key is set in order to secure the database session.) The information that will be stored in my database is things like name, email address, location by country, some notes (which will be recommended that they do not contain sensitive information), and a link to a Facebook, Twitter or Flickr account. Based on this, i'm not convinced it's necessary for me to have an SSL connection on the secure pages of my site. My question is, is there a particular reason why only 1 salt is being used as part as the Ion Auth library? Is it implied that I write my own additional salting in front of the functionality it provides, or am I missing something? Furthermore, is it even worth using 2 salts, or once an attacker has the random salt and the hashed password, are all bets off anyway? (I assume not, but worth checking if i'm worrying about nothing...)

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