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  • Can I use TCP as DNS query protocol on Mac OS?

    - by Brian
    Hi, I'm using Mac OS, Snow Leopard 10.6.2, and I'm suffering from UDP packet loss during DNS query. So I tried DNS query as TCP using dig command, it worked very well. However, I can't find some control switch to change to use TCP during DNS query. Is there a way to change it in Mac OS? Thank you.

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  • Can I use TCP as DNS query protocol on Mac OS?

    - by Brian
    Hi, I'm using Mac OS, Snow Leopard 10.6.2, and I'm suffering from UDP packet loss during DNS query. So my web browser is too slow to surf internet nicely. But it worked very well when I tried a DNS query on TCP using dig command. However, I can't find some control switch to change to use TCP during DNS query. Is there a way to change it in Mac OS? Thank you.

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  • PHP web application can't connect mysql installed with Zend Server CE on Mac OSX

    - by Kane
    I'm setting up development environment on Mac OSX. However the PHP web application can't connect the mysql server installed with Zend Server CE. The error information is below, [Type] dbnot_connect [2013] Lost connection to MySQL server at 'reading initial communication packet', system error: 61 Mysql database can be accessed via phpAdmin installed with Zend Server CE as well. The same code works well on Windows or Linux in Zend Server CE.

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  • Is the native DHCP client for MacOS X able to send "Vendor class identifier" (opTag 60) in a DHCP request?

    - by plluksie
    Is it possible for MacOS X (current version or in any previous one) to easily force DHCP client to send to DHCP server, at the beggining of the conversation - in DHCPDISCOVER packet - option "Vendor Class Identifier" (60) set to some value? I know that I can install i.e. ISC DHCP client through pkgsrc which supports VCI, but I'm looking for something native. Thank you in advance for information.

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  • Can not connect to my sql database.

    - by madhup
    Hi all, I am trying to connect to mysql database on amazon through a php script, but I am shown this error: Warning: mysql_connect() [function.mysql-connect]: Lost connection to MySQL server at 'reading initial communication packet', system error: 111 I have tried and searched places and did the following things: In "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" I commented out the line bind address: 127.0.0.1 to allow the acccess to all. checked /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny and made sure that there are no rules present that may cause But still no luck. Please suggest any other way. Thanks, Madhup

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  • how to setup kismet.conf on Ubuntu

    - by Registered User
    I installed Kismet on my Ubuntu 10.04 machine as apt-get install kismet every thing seems to work fine. but when I launch it I see following error kismet Launching kismet_server: //usr/bin/kismet_server Suid priv-dropping disabled. This may not be secure. No specific sources given to be enabled, all will be enabled. Non-RFMon VAPs will be destroyed on multi-vap interfaces (ie, madwifi-ng) Enabling channel hopping. Enabling channel splitting. NOTICE: Disabling channel hopping, no enabled sources are able to change channel. Source 0 (addme): Opening none source interface none... FATAL: Please configure at least one packet source. Kismet will not function if no packet sources are defined in kismet.conf or on the command line. Please read the README for more information about configuring Kismet. Kismet exiting. Done. I followed this guide http://www.ubuntugeek.com/kismet-an-802-11-wireless-network-detector-sniffer-and-intrusion-detection-system.html#more-1776 how ever in kismet.conf I am not clear with following line source=none,none,addme as to what should I change this to. lspci -vnn shows 0c:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4312 802.11b/g [14e4:4315] (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:000c] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17 Memory at f69fc000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [58] Vendor Specific Information <?> Capabilities: [e8] Message Signalled Interrupts: Mask- 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable- Capabilities: [d0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting <?> Capabilities: [13c] Virtual Channel <?> Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number Capabilities: [16c] Power Budgeting <?> Kernel driver in use: wl Kernel modules: wl, ssb and iwconfig shows lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. eth1 IEEE 802.11bg ESSID:"WIKUCD" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz Access Point: <00:43:92:21:H5:09> Bit Rate=11 Mb/s Tx-Power:24 dBm Retry min limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Managementmode:All packets received Link Quality=1/5 Signal level=-81 dBm Noise level=-90 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:169 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 So what should I be putting in place of source=none,none,addme with output I mentioned above ?

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  • File and Printer Sharing / Samba / 139 being blocked but where

    - by Hurricanepkt
    I just set up my new remote office network the problem is i cannot access shared folders to the home office (without turning on the vpn) I control the servers remotely but would really like to access ports 139 and 445. The problem is that they are open on the server side but it appears as though the packets are being dropped before they get get to the server... any way i can tell where the packet is being dropped?

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  • How to access this server?

    - by George Edison
    I have a server that I cannot access. At first I thought it was just some temporary failure with the server, but checking from other IP addresses reveals that it is working just fine. It's only my IP address that's failing. So here is what I've tried: nslookup - resolves correctly ping - 100% packet loss using the IP address or domain traceroute - first few hops work, but from about 6 and on, I just get stars Edit: I am using OpenDNS for DNS resolution, and as mentioned above, the problem is not DNS resolution anyway.

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  • Is there extensible structured file analyzer, like network analysis tools?

    - by ???
    There are many network analysis tools like Wireshark, Sniffer Pro, Omnipeak which can dump the packet data in structured manner. I'm just writing my own file analyzer for general purpose, which can dump JPEG, PNG, EXE, ELF, ASN.1 DER encoded files, etc. in tree style. There are so many file formats in the world that I can't handle them all. So I'm wondering if there's some software already there, with pluggable architecture and a large established file format repository?

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  • bridge traffic limiting via tc

    - by jackhab
    I have a Linux machine running as a bridge simulating various network conditions. I use tc for this. Introducing delays or packet loss is quite simple but I got into trouble trying to configure bandwidth limiting. Can you, please, show me how to limit all the traffic going through my bridge without any special rules and condition, simply limit it to 1Mb/s? Thanks. PS Your favorite link to tc tutorial will be appreciated.

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  • Can't ping Ip over bridge

    - by tmn29a
    I'm unable to ping another host over a bridge I created, I can't see the error -.- It's a remote machine running debian stable with some backports for which I want to set up DHCP on the new Subnet 172.30.xxx.xxx to be used for KVM-Guests. ifconfig : bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e4:11:5b:d4:94:30 inet addr:10.54.2.84 Bcast:10.54.2.127 Mask:255.255.255.192 inet6 addr: fe80::e611:5bff:fed4:9430/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:34277 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:18379 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2638709 (2.5 MiB) TX bytes:2887894 (2.7 MiB) br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr f2:fc:4d:7f:15:f0 inet addr:172.30.254.66 Bcast:172.30.254.127 Mask:255.255.255.192 inet6 addr: fe80::f0fc:4dff:fe7f:15f0/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:252 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:10800 (10.5 KiB) Pings : ping -I br0 172.30.xxx.65 PING 172.30.xxx.65 (172.30.xxx.65) from 172.30.xxx.66 br0: 56(84) bytes of data. --- 172.30.xxx.65 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2017ms ping -I bond0 172.30.254.65 PING 172.30.xxx.65 (172.30.xxx.65) from 10.54.2.84 bond0: 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.30.x.65: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.599 ms 64 bytes from 172.30.x.65: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.575 ms 64 bytes from 172.30.x.65: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.565 ms --- 172.30.x.65 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.565/0.579/0.599/0.031 ms Route : Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 172.30.x.64 * 255.255.255.192 U 0 0 0 br0 10.54.x.64 * 255.255.255.192 U 0 0 0 bond0 default 10.54.x.65 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 bond0 default 172.30.x.65 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 br0 The Interface : cat /etc/network/interfaces auto lo br0 iface lo inet loopback # Bonding Interface auto bond0 iface bond0 inet static address 10.54.x.84 netmask 255.255.255.192 network 10.54.x.64 gateway 10.54.x.65 slaves eth0 eth1 bond_mode active-backup bond_miimon 100 bond_downdelay 200 bond_updelay 200 iface br0 inet static bridge_ports bond0 address 172.30.x.66 broadcast 172.30.x.127 netmask 255.255.x.192 gateway 172.30.x.65 bridge_maxwait 0 If you need more info please ask. Thanks for your help !

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  • How Do I Fix a mysql "system error: 111" in a hosting service?

    - by Ygam
    Got this error Lost connection to MySQL server at 'reading initial communication packet', system error: 111 I am currently hosting a site under a subdomain here is a page accessing the database : http://payment.ygamtester.co.cc/search/index.html I have seen a lot of posts about this all pointing to one solution use ssh to alter a file in the mysql server obviously you can't do that with a remotely hosted site under a hosting company

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  • How to store data on a machine whose power gets cut at random

    - by Sevas
    I have a virtual machine (Debian) running on a physical machine host. The virtual machine acts as a buffer for data that it frequently receives over the local network (the period for this data is 0.5s, so a fairly high throughput). Any data received is stored on the virtual machine and repeatedly forwarded to an external server over UDP. Once the external server acknowledges (over UDP) that it has received a data packet, the original data is deleted from the virtual machine and not sent to the external server again. The internet connection that connects the VM and the external server is unreliable, meaning it could be down for days at a time. The physical machine that hosts the VM gets its power cut several times per day at random. There is no way to tell when this is about to happen and it is not possible to add a UPS, a battery, or a similar solution to the system. Originally, the data was stored on a file-based HSQLDB database on the virtual machine. However, the frequent power cuts eventually cause the database script file to become corrupted (not at the file system level, i.e. it is readable, but HSQLDB can't make sense of it), which leads to my question: How should data be stored in an environment where power cuts can and do happen frequently? One option I can think of is using flat files, saving each packet of data as a file on the file system. This way if a file is corrupted due to loss of power, it can be ignored and the rest of the data remains intact. This poses a few issues however, mainly related to the amount of data likely being stored on the virtual machine. At 0.5s between each piece of data, 1,728,000 files will be generated in 10 days. This at least means using a file system with an increased number of inodes to store this data (the current file system setup ran out of inodes at ~250,000 messages and 30% disk space used). Also, it is hard (not impossible) to manage. Are there any other options? Are there database engines that run on Debian that would not get corrupted by power cuts? Also, what file system should be used for this? ext3 is what is used at the moment. The software that runs on the virtual machine is written using Java 6, so hopefully the solution would not be incompatible.

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  • pretty-printing IP packets

    - by pts
    I'm receiving IP packets using the SLIP protocol, and I'd like to pretty-print them similarly to how tcpdump does it. My program is able to decode the SLIP protocol and create a single string containing an IP packet if necessary. I couldn't find any relevant tcpdump command-line flags except for -r. The file format is documented at http://www.tcpdump.org/pcap/pcap.html , but it looks a bit too complicated. Is there a Linux tool for pretty-printing raw IP packets?

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  • What else can I do to secure my Linux server?

    - by eric01
    I want to put a web application on my Linux server: I will first explain to you what the web app will do and then I will tell you what I did so far to secure my brand new Linux system. The app will be a classified ads website (like gumtree.co.uk) where users can sell their items, upload images, send to and receive emails from the admin. It will use SSL for some pages. I will need SSH. So far, what I did to secure my stock Ubuntu (latest version) is the following: NOTE: I probably did some things that will prevent the application from doing all its tasks, so please let me know of that. My machine's sole purpose will be hosting the website. (I put numbers as bullet points so you can refer to them more easily) 1) Firewall I installed Uncomplicated Firewall. Deny IN & OUT by default Rules: Allow IN & OUT: HTTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP, SSH, UDP port 53 (DNS), UDP port 123 (SNTP), SSL, port 443 (the ones I didn't allow were FTP, NFS, Samba, VNC, CUPS) When I install MySQL & Apache, I will open up Port 3306 IN & OUT. 2) Secure the partition in /etc/fstab, I added the following line at the end: tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,rw 0 0 Then in console: mount -o remount /dev/shm 3) Secure the kernel In the file /etc/sysctl.conf, there are a few different filters to uncomment. I didn't know which one was relevant to web app hosting. Which one should I activate? They are the following: A) Turn on Source Address Verification in all interfaces to prevent spoofing attacks B) Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv4 C) Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv6 D) Do no accept ICMP redirects (we are not a router) E) Accept ICMP redirects only for gateways listed in our default gateway list F) Do not send ICMP redirects G) Do not accept IP source route packets (we are not a router) H) Log Martian Packets 4) Configure the passwd file Replace "sh" by "false" for all accounts except user account and root. I also did it for the account called sshd. I am not sure whether it will prevent SSH connection (which I want to use) or if it's something else. 5) Configure the shadow file In the console: passwd -l to lock all accounts except user account. 6) Install rkhunter and chkrootkit 7) Install Bum Disabled those services: "High performance mail server", "unreadable (kerneloops)","unreadable (speech-dispatcher)","Restores DNS" (should this one stay on?) 8) Install Apparmor_profiles 9) Install clamav & freshclam (antivirus and update) What did I do wrong and what should I do more to secure this Linux machine? Thanks a lot in advance

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  • Streaming a large file

    - by Rich
    quick question say i wanted to download a file of considerable size 10gb say and i sent the GET request to a web server to download that file question is, if the client stopped reading the TCP connection, would the entire file still be downloaded, or does it depend on the client sending back an ack or something to the circuit asking for the next packet hope that makes sense This question was originally asked involving the Tor network, but i just want to know how a standard internet connection would handle this Thanks

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  • How can I install new boot splash theme into Ubuntu 9.10?

    - by gcc
    I want to change my splash screen. But when I download any splash screen to my computer, I cannot install them. Every time, the computer gives me the same warning "that packet is not a format wanted" -warning like this- I am asking "is there any other way to install splash screens?". Note: I have also used 'Art manager' but it did not work properly.

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  • Limiting database security

    - by Torbal
    A number of texts signify that the most important aspects offered by a DBMS are availability, integrity and secrecy. As part of a homework assignment I have been tasked with mentioning attacks which would affect each aspect. This is what I have come up with - are they any good? Availability - DDOS attack Integrity Secrecy - SQL Injection attack Integrity - Use of trojans to gain access to objects with higher security roles

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  • get_iplayer _ new problem

    - by Squiggle
    I have get_iplayer installed on a Windows 7 PC and, generally, it has worked without too many problems. Now I find that I cannot download "The Sinking of the Laconia" from the BBC. Both episodes are still available for viewing (although only episode 2 has a live ' download' option). An error message saying 'ERROR: RTMP_ReadPacket, failed to read RTMP packet header' may be relevant? If anyone can help before the programme becomes unavailable, I'd be grateful

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  • Wicket testing - AnnotApplicationContextMock - There is no application attached to current thread ma

    - by John
    I've written a couple of tests for a small web app, but I get an error when I try to run the page specific tests that makes use of WicketTester. Google sends me to a mailing list for Apache Wicket, where a user experienced the same exception. He/she said the problem was that AnnotApplicationContextMock was initialized before the Wicket Application. I've pasted my WicketApplication class as well. Has any of you dealt with this error before? I've pasted the exception and the class below. Exception: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test set: com.upbeat.shoutbox.web.TestViewShoutsPage ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 1.545 sec (AnnotApplicationContextMock.java:61) at com.upbeat.shoutbox.web.TestViewShoutsPage.setUp(TestViewShoutsPage.java:30) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.runBefores(MethodRoadie.java:129) at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.runBeforesThenTestThenAfters(MethodRoadie.java:93) at org.unitils.UnitilsJUnit4TestClassRunner$CustomMethodRoadie.runBeforesThenTestThenAfters(UnitilsJUnit4TestClassRunner.java:168) at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.runTest(MethodRoadie.java:84) at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.run(MethodRoadie.java:49) at org.unitils.UnitilsJUnit4TestClassRunner.invokeTestMethod(UnitilsJUnit4TestClassRunner.java:127) at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.runMethods(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:59) at org.unitils.UnitilsJUnit4TestClassRunner.access$000(UnitilsJUnit4TestClassRunner.java:42) at org.unitils.UnitilsJUnit4TestClassRunner$1.run(UnitilsJUnit4TestClassRunner.java:87) at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected(ClassRoadie.java:34) at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected(ClassRoadie.java:44) at org.unitils.UnitilsJUnit4TestClassRunner.run(UnitilsJUnit4TestClassRunner.java:94) at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4TestSet.execute(JUnit4TestSet.java:62) at org.apache.maven.surefire.suite.AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.executeTestSet(AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.java:140) at org.apache.maven.surefire.suite.AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.execute(AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.java:127) at org.apache.maven.surefire.Surefire.run(Surefire.java:177) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireBooter.runSuitesInProcess(SurefireBooter.java:345) at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireBooter.main(SurefireBooter.java:1009) My page specific test class: package com.upbeat.shoutbox.web; import org.apache.wicket.application.IComponentInstantiationListener; import org.apache.wicket.protocol.http.WebApplication; import org.apache.wicket.spring.injection.annot.SpringComponentInjector; import org.apache.wicket.spring.injection.annot.test.AnnotApplicationContextMock; import org.apache.wicket.util.tester.FormTester; import org.apache.wicket.util.tester.WicketTester; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.unitils.spring.annotation.SpringBeanByType; import com.upbeat.shoutbox.WicketApplication; import com.upbeat.shoutbox.integrations.AbstractIntegrationTest; import com.upbeat.shoutbox.persistence.ShoutItemDao; import com.upbeat.shoutbox.services.ShoutService; import com.upbeat.shoutbox.web.pages.ViewShoutsPage; public class TestViewShoutsPage extends AbstractIntegrationTest { @SpringBeanByType private ShoutService svc; @SpringBeanByType private ShoutItemDao dao; protected WicketTester tester; @Before public void setUp() { final AnnotApplicationContextMock appctx = new AnnotApplicationContextMock(); appctx.putBean("ShoutItemDao", dao); appctx.putBean("ShoutService", svc); tester = new WicketTester(new WicketApplication() { @Override protected IComponentInstantiationListener getSpringComponentInjector(WebApplication app) { return new SpringComponentInjector(app, appctx, false); } }); } @Test public void testRenderPage() { tester.startPage(ViewShoutsPage.class); tester.assertRenderedPage(ViewShoutsPage.class); FormTester ft = tester.newFormTester("addShoutForm"); ft.setValue("nickname", "test-nickname"); ft.setValue("content", "a whole lot of content"); ft.submit(); tester.assertRenderedPage(ViewShoutsPage.class); tester.assertContains("test-nickname"); tester.assertContains("a whole lot of content"); } } AbstractIntegrationTest: package com.upbeat.shoutbox.integrations; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.unitils.UnitilsJUnit4; import org.unitils.spring.annotation.SpringApplicationContext; @SpringApplicationContext({"/com/upbeat/shoutbox/spring/applicationContext.xml", "applicationContext-test.xml"}) public abstract class AbstractIntegrationTest extends UnitilsJUnit4 { private ApplicationContext applicationContext; } WicketApplication: package com.upbeat.shoutbox; import org.apache.wicket.application.IComponentInstantiationListener; import org.apache.wicket.protocol.http.WebApplication; import org.apache.wicket.request.target.coding.IndexedParamUrlCodingStrategy; import org.apache.wicket.spring.injection.annot.SpringComponentInjector; import com.upbeat.shoutbox.web.pages.ParamPage; import com.upbeat.shoutbox.web.pages.VeryNiceExceptionPage; /** * Application object for your web application. If you want to run this application without deploying, run the Start class. * * @see com.upbeat.shoutbox.Start#main(String[]) */ public class WicketApplication extends WebApplication { /** * Constructor */ public WicketApplication() { } /** * @see org.apache.wicket.Application#getHomePage() */ public Class getHomePage() { return HomePage.class; } @Override protected void init() { super.init(); // Enable wicket ajax debug getDebugSettings().setAjaxDebugModeEnabled(true); addComponentInstantiationListener(getSpringComponentInjector(this)); // Mount pages mountBookmarkablePage("/home", HomePage.class); mountBookmarkablePage("/exceptionPage", VeryNiceExceptionPage.class); mount(new IndexedParamUrlCodingStrategy("/view_params", ParamPage.class)); } protected IComponentInstantiationListener getSpringComponentInjector(WebApplication app) { return new SpringComponentInjector(app); } }

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  • Bandwidth Limit Php Not working

    - by Saxtor
    Hey How are you doing guys, i am trying to limit bandwidth per users not by ipaddress for some reason my code doesnt work i need some help, what i am trying to do is to limit the download of the user that they would only have 10Gb per day to download however it seems to me that my buffer is not working when i use multiple connections it doesnt work, but when i use one connect it works 80% here is my code can you debug the error for me thanks. /** * @author saxtor if you can improve this code email me [email protected] * @copyright 2010 */ /** * CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `max_traffic` ( `id` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `limit` int(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=0 ; */ //SQL Connection [this is hackable for testing] date_default_timezone_set("America/Guyana"); mysql_connect("localhost", "root", "") or die(mysql_error()); mysql_select_db("Quota") or die(mysql_error()); function quota($id) { $result = mysql_query("SELECT `limit` FROM max_traffic WHERE id='$id' ") or die(error_log(mysql_error()));; $row = mysql_fetch_array($result); return $row[0]; } function update_quota($id,$value) { $result = mysql_query("UPDATE `max_traffic` SET `limit`='$value' WHERE id='$id'") or die(mysql_error()); return $value; } if ( quota(1) != 0) $limit = quota(1); else $limit = 0; $multipart = false; //was a part of the file requested? (partial download) $range = $_SERVER["HTTP_RANGE"]; if ($range) { $cookie .= "\r\nRange: $range"; $multipart = true; header("X-UR-RANGE-Range: $range"); } $url = 'http://127.0.0.1/puppy.iso'; $filename = basename($url); //octet-stream + attachment => client always stores file header('Content-type: application/octet-stream'); header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.$filename.'"'); //always included so clients know this script supports resuming header("Accept-Ranges: bytes"); $user_agent = ini_get("user_agent"); ini_set("user_agent", $user_agent . "\r\nCookie: enc=$cookie"); $httphandle = fopen($url, "r"); $headers = stream_get_meta_data($httphandle); $size = $headers["wrapper_data"][6]; $sizer = explode(' ',$size); $size = $sizer[1]; //let's check the return header of rapidshare for range / length indicators //we'll just pass these to the client foreach ($headers["wrapper_data"] as $header) { $header = trim($header); if (substr(strtolower($header), 0, strlen("content-range")) == "content-range") { // _insert($range); header($header); header("X-RS-RANGE-" . $header); $multipart = true; //content-range indicates partial download } elseif (substr(strtolower($header), 0, strlen("Content-Length")) == "content-length") { // _insert($range); header($header); header("X-RS-CL-" . $header); } } if ($multipart) header('HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content'); flush(); $speed = 4128; $packet = 1; //this is private dont touch. $bufsize = 128; //this is private dont touch/ $bandwidth = 0; //this is private dont touch. while (!(connection_aborted() || connection_status() == 1) && $size > 0) { while (!feof($httphandle) && $size > 0) { if ($limit <= 0 ) $size = 0; if ( $size < $bufsize && $size != 0 && $limit != 0) { echo fread($httphandle,$size); $bandwidth += $size; } else { if( $limit != 0) echo fread($httphandle,$bufsize); $bandwidth += $bufsize; } $size -= $bufsize; $limit -= $bufsize; flush(); if ($speed > 0 && ($bandwidth > $speed*$packet*103)) { usleep(100000); $packet++; //update_quota(1,$limit); } error_log(update_quota(1,$limit)); $limit = quota(1); //if( $size <= 0 ) // exit; } fclose($httphandle); } exit;

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  • Is multithreading the right way to go for my case?

    - by Julien Lebosquain
    Hello, I'm currently designing a multi-client / server application. I'm using plain good old sockets because WCF or similar technology is not what I need. Let me explain: it isn't the classical case of a client simply calling a service; all clients can 'interact' with each other by sending a packet to the server, which will then do some action, and possible re-dispatch an answer message to one or more clients. Although doable with WCF, the application will get pretty complex with hundreds of different messages. For each connected client, I'm of course using asynchronous methods to send and receive bytes. I've got the messages fully working, everything's fine. Except that for each line of code I'm writing, my head just burns because of multithreading issues. Since there could be around 200 clients connected at the same time, I chose to go the fully multithreaded way: each received message on a socket is immediately processed on the thread pool thread it was received, not on a single consumer thread. Since each client can interact with other clients, and indirectly with shared objects on the server, I must protect almost every object that is mutable. I first went with a ReaderWriterLockSlim for each resource that must be protected, but quickly noticed that there are more writes overall than reads in the server application, and switched to the well-known Monitor to simplify the code. So far, so good. Each resource is protected, I have helper classes that I must use to get a lock and its protected resource, so I can't use an object without getting a lock. Moreover, each client has its own lock that is entered as soon as a packet is received from its socket. It's done to prevent other clients from making changes to the state of this client while it has some messages being processed, which is something that will happen frequently. Now, I don't just need to protect resources from concurrent accesses. I must keep every client in sync with the server for some collections I have. One tricky part that I'm currently struggling with is the following: I have a collection of clients. Each client has its own unique ID. When a client connects, it must receive the IDs of every connected client, and each one of them must be notified of the newcomer's ID. When a client disconnects, every other client must know it so that its ID is no longer valid for them. Every client must always have, at a given time, the same clients collection as the server so that I can assume that everybody knows everybody. This way if I'm sending a message to client #1 telling "Client #2 has done something", I know that it will always be correctly interpreted: Client 1 will never wonder "but who is Client 2 anyway?". My first attempt for handling the connection of a new client (let's call it X) was this pseudo-code (remember that newClient is already locked here): lock (clients) { foreach (var client in clients) { lock (client) { client.Send("newClient with id X has connected"); } } clients.Add(newClient); newClient.Send("the list of other clients"); } Now imagine that in the same time, another client has sent a packet that translates into a message that must be broadcasted to every connected client, the pseudo-code will be something like this (remember that the current client - let's call it Y - is already locked here): lock (clients) { foreach (var client in clients) { lock (client) { client.Send("something"); } } } An obvious deadlock occurs here: on one thread X is locked, the clients lock has been entered, started looping through the clients, and at one moment must get Y's lock... which is already acquired on the second thread, itself waiting for the clients collection lock to be released! This is not the only case like this in the server application. There are other collections which must be kept in sync with the clients, some properties on a client can be changed by another one, etc. I tried other types of locks, lock-free mechanisms and a bunch of other things. Either there were obvious deadlocks when I'm using too much locks for safety, or obvious race conditions otherwise. When I finally find a good middle point between the two, it usually comes with very subtle race conditions / dead locks and other multi-threading issues... my head hurts very quickly since for any single line of code I'm writing I have to review almost the whole application to ensure everything will behave correctly with any number of threads. So here's my final question: how would you resolve this specific case, the general case, and more importantly: aren't I going the wrong way here? I have little problems with the .NET framework, C#, simple concurrency or algorithms in general. Still, I'm lost here. I know I could use only one thread processing the incoming requests and everything will be fine. However, that won't scale well at all with more clients... But I'm thinking more and more to go this simple way. What do you think? Thanks in advance to you, StackOverflow people which have taken the time to read this huge question. I really had to explain the whole context if I want to get some help.

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  • Sockets: Transport endpoint is not connected on send

    - by TheoretiCAL
    I'm trying to learn socket programming from http://beej.us/guide/bgnet/output/html/singlepage/bgnet.html and am attempting to build a SOCK_STREAM client/server. My client: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netdb.h> #define SERVERPORT "4951" // the port users will be connecting to int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int sockfd; struct addrinfo hints, *servinfo, *p; int rv; int numbytes; if (argc != 3) { fprintf(stderr,"usage: talker hostname message\n"); exit(1); } memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints); hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; if ((rv = getaddrinfo(argv[1], SERVERPORT, &hints, &servinfo)) != 0) { fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(rv)); return 1; } // loop through all the results and make a socket for(p = servinfo; p != NULL; p = p->ai_next) { if ((sockfd = socket(p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype, p->ai_protocol)) == -1) { perror("talker: socket"); continue; if (connect(sockfd, p->ai_addr, p->ai_addrlen) == -1) { close(sockfd); perror("client: connect"); continue; } } break; } if (p == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "talker: failed to bind socket\n"); return 2; } if ((numbytes = send(sockfd, argv[2], strlen(argv[2]), 0) == -1)) { perror("talker: send"); exit(1); } freeaddrinfo(servinfo); printf("talker: sent %d bytes to %s\n", numbytes, argv[1]); close(sockfd); return 0; } Server: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netdb.h> #define MYPORT "4951" // the port users will be connecting to #define MAXBUFLEN 100 static int backlog = 10; // get sockaddr, IPv4 or IPv6: void *get_in_addr(struct sockaddr *sa) { if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET) { return &(((struct sockaddr_in*)sa)->sin_addr); } return &(((struct sockaddr_in6*)sa)->sin6_addr); } int main(void) { int sockfd; struct addrinfo hints, *servinfo, *p; int rv; int numbytes; int new_fd; socklen_t addr_size; struct sockaddr_storage their_addr; char buf[MAXBUFLEN]; char s[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN]; memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints); hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; // set to AF_INET to force IPv4 hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; // use my IP if ((rv = getaddrinfo(NULL, MYPORT, &hints, &servinfo)) != 0) { fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(rv)); return 1; } // loop through all the results and bind to the first we can for(p = servinfo; p != NULL; p = p->ai_next) { if ((sockfd = socket(p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype, p->ai_protocol)) == -1) { perror("listener: socket"); continue; } int yes=1; // lose the pesky "Address already in use" error message if (setsockopt(sockfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&yes,sizeof(int)) == -1) { perror("setsockopt"); exit(1); } if (bind(sockfd, p->ai_addr, p->ai_addrlen) == -1) { close(sockfd); perror("listener: bind"); continue; } if (listen(sockfd,backlog) == -1){ close(sockfd); perror("listener:listen"); continue; } break; } if (p == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "listener: failed to bind socket\n"); return 2; } freeaddrinfo(servinfo); printf("listener: waiting to recv..\n"); while(1){ addr_size = sizeof their_addr; if ((new_fd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&their_addr, &addr_size))==-1){ perror("accept"); exit(1); } if ((numbytes = recv(new_fd, buf, MAXBUFLEN-1 , 0) == -1)) { perror("recv"); exit(1); } printf("listener: got packet from %s\n", inet_ntop(their_addr.ss_family, get_in_addr((struct sockaddr *)&their_addr), s, sizeof s)); printf("listener: packet is %d bytes long\n", numbytes); buf[numbytes] = '\0'; printf("listener: packet contains \"%s\"\n", buf); close(sockfd); } return 0; } Upon executing the client, I get " send: Transport endpoint is not connected" and I'm not sure where I went wrong. Thanks.

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  • i am using winsock2.h in c language the following errors are unuderstandable help required?

    - by moon
    i am going to paste here my code an errors :::: #include "stdio.h" #include "winsock2.h" #define SIO_RCVALL _WSAIOW(IOC_VENDOR,1) //this removes the need of mstcpip.h void StartSniffing (SOCKET Sock); //This will sniff here and there void ProcessPacket (unsigned char* , int); //This will decide how to digest void PrintIpHeader (unsigned char* , int); void PrintUdpPacket (unsigned char* , int); void ConvertToHex (unsigned char* , unsigned int); void PrintData (unsigned char* , int); //IP Header Structure typedef struct ip_hdr { unsigned char ip_header_len:4; // 4-bit header length (in 32-bit words) normally=5 (Means 20 Bytes may be 24 also) unsigned char ip_version :4; // 4-bit IPv4 version unsigned char ip_tos; // IP type of service unsigned short ip_total_length; // Total length unsigned short ip_id; // Unique identifier unsigned char ip_frag_offset :5; // Fragment offset field unsigned char ip_more_fragment :1; unsigned char ip_dont_fragment :1; unsigned char ip_reserved_zero :1; unsigned char ip_frag_offset1; //fragment offset unsigned char ip_ttl; // Time to live unsigned char ip_protocol; // Protocol(TCP,UDP etc) unsigned short ip_checksum; // IP checksum unsigned int ip_srcaddr; // Source address unsigned int ip_destaddr; // Source address } IPV4_HDR; //UDP Header Structure typedef struct udp_hdr { unsigned short source_port; // Source port no. unsigned short dest_port; // Dest. port no. unsigned short udp_length; // Udp packet length unsigned short udp_checksum; // Udp checksum (optional) } UDP_HDR; //ICMP Header Structure typedef struct icmp_hdr { BYTE type; // ICMP Error type BYTE code; // Type sub code USHORT checksum; USHORT id; USHORT seq; } ICMP_HDR; FILE *logfile; int tcp=0,udp=0,icmp=0,others=0,igmp=0,total=0,i,j; struct sockaddr_in source,dest; char hex[2]; //Its free! IPV4_HDR *iphdr; UDP_HDR *udpheader; int main() { SOCKET sniffer; struct in_addr addr; int in; char hostname[100]; struct hostent *local; WSADATA wsa; //logfile=fopen("log.txt","w"); //if(logfile==NULL) printf("Unable to create file."); //Initialise Winsock printf("\nInitialising Winsock..."); if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsa) != 0) { printf("WSAStartup() failed.\n"); return 1; } printf("Initialised"); //Create a RAW Socket printf("\nCreating RAW Socket..."); sniffer = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_IP); if (sniffer == INVALID_SOCKET) { printf("Failed to create raw socket.\n"); return 1; } printf("Created."); //Retrive the local hostname if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) == SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("Error : %d",WSAGetLastError()); return 1; } printf("\nHost name : %s \n",hostname); //Retrive the available IPs of the local host local = gethostbyname(hostname); printf("\nAvailable Network Interfaces : \n"); if (local == NULL) { printf("Error : %d.\n",WSAGetLastError()); return 1; } for (i = 0; local->h_addr_list[i] != 0; ++i) { memcpy(&addr, local->h_addr_list[i], sizeof(struct in_addr)); printf("Interface Number : %d Address : %s\n",i,inet_ntoa(addr)); } printf("Enter the interface number you would like to sniff : "); scanf("%d",&in); memset(&dest, 0, sizeof(dest)); memcpy(&dest.sin_addr.s_addr,local->h_addr_list[in],sizeof(dest.sin_addr.s_addr)); dest.sin_family = AF_INET; dest.sin_port = 0; printf("\nBinding socket to local system and port 0 ..."); if (bind(sniffer,(struct sockaddr *)&dest,sizeof(dest)) == SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("bind(%s) failed.\n", inet_ntoa(addr)); return 1; } printf("Binding successful"); //Enable this socket with the power to sniff : SIO_RCVALL is the key Receive ALL ;) j=1; printf("\nSetting socket to sniff..."); if (WSAIoctl(sniffer, SIO_RCVALL,&j, sizeof(j), 0, 0,(LPDWORD)&in,0, 0) == SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("WSAIoctl() failed.\n"); return 1; } printf("Socket set."); //Begin printf("\nStarted Sniffing\n"); printf("Packet Capture Statistics...\n"); StartSniffing(sniffer); //Happy Sniffing //End closesocket(sniffer); WSACleanup(); return 0; } void StartSniffing(SOCKET sniffer) { unsigned char *Buffer = ( unsigned char *)malloc(65536); //Its Big! int mangobyte; if (Buffer == NULL) { printf("malloc() failed.\n"); return; } do { mangobyte = recvfrom(sniffer,(char *)Buffer,65536,0,0,0); //Eat as much as u can if(mangobyte > 0) ProcessPacket(Buffer, mangobyte); else printf( "recvfrom() failed.\n"); } while (mangobyte > 0); free(Buffer); } void ProcessPacket(unsigned char* Buffer, int Size) { iphdr = (IPV4_HDR *)Buffer; ++total; switch (iphdr->ip_protocol) //Check the Protocol and do accordingly... { case 1: //ICMP Protocol ++icmp; //PrintIcmpPacket(Buffer,Size); break; case 2: //IGMP Protocol ++igmp; break; case 6: //TCP Protocol ++tcp; //PrintTcpPacket(Buffer,Size); break; case 17: //UDP Protocol ++udp; PrintUdpPacket(Buffer,Size); break; default: //Some Other Protocol like ARP etc. ++others; break; } printf("TCP : %d UDP : %d ICMP : %d IGMP : %d Others : %d Total : %d\r",tcp,udp,icmp,igmp,others,total); } void PrintIpHeader (unsigned char* Buffer, int Size) { unsigned short iphdrlen; iphdr = (IPV4_HDR *)Buffer; iphdrlen = iphdr->ip_header_len*4; memset(&source, 0, sizeof(source)); source.sin_addr.s_addr = iphdr->ip_srcaddr; memset(&dest, 0, sizeof(dest)); dest.sin_addr.s_addr = iphdr->ip_destaddr; fprintf(logfile,"\n"); fprintf(logfile,"IP Header\n"); fprintf(logfile," |-IP Version : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_version); fprintf(logfile," |-IP Header Length : %d DWORDS or %d Bytes\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_header_len); fprintf(logfile," |-Type Of Service : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_tos); fprintf(logfile," |-IP Total Length : %d Bytes(Size of Packet)\n",ntohs(iphdr->ip_total_length)); fprintf(logfile," |-Identification : %d\n",ntohs(iphdr->ip_id)); fprintf(logfile," |-Reserved ZERO Field : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_reserved_zero); fprintf(logfile," |-Dont Fragment Field : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_dont_fragment); fprintf(logfile," |-More Fragment Field : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_more_fragment); fprintf(logfile," |-TTL : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_ttl); fprintf(logfile," |-Protocol : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_protocol); fprintf(logfile," |-Checksum : %d\n",ntohs(iphdr->ip_checksum)); fprintf(logfile," |-Source IP : %s\n",inet_ntoa(source.sin_addr)); fprintf(logfile," |-Destination IP : %s\n",inet_ntoa(dest.sin_addr)); } void PrintUdpPacket(unsigned char *Buffer,int Size) { unsigned short iphdrlen; iphdr = (IPV4_HDR *)Buffer; iphdrlen = iphdr->ip_header_len*4; udpheader = (UDP_HDR *)(Buffer + iphdrlen); fprintf(logfile,"\n\n***********************UDP Packet*************************\n"); PrintIpHeader(Buffer,Size); fprintf(logfile,"\nUDP Header\n"); fprintf(logfile," |-Source Port : %d\n",ntohs(udpheader->source_port)); fprintf(logfile," |-Destination Port : %d\n",ntohs(udpheader->dest_port)); fprintf(logfile," |-UDP Length : %d\n",ntohs(udpheader->udp_length)); fprintf(logfile," |-UDP Checksum : %d\n",ntohs(udpheader->udp_checksum)); fprintf(logfile,"\n"); fprintf(logfile,"IP Header\n"); PrintData(Buffer,iphdrlen); fprintf(logfile,"UDP Header\n"); PrintData(Buffer+iphdrlen,sizeof(UDP_HDR)); fprintf(logfile,"Data Payload\n"); PrintData(Buffer+iphdrlen+sizeof(UDP_HDR) ,(Size - sizeof(UDP_HDR) - iphdr->ip_header_len*4)); fprintf(logfile,"\n###########################################################"); } void PrintData (unsigned char* data , int Size) { for(i=0 ; i < Size ; i++) { if( i!=0 && i%16==0) //if one line of hex printing is complete... { fprintf(logfile," "); for(j=i-16 ; j<i ; j++) { if(data[j]>=32 && data[j]<=128) fprintf(logfile,"%c",(unsigned char)data[j]); //if its a number or alphabet else fprintf(logfile,"."); //otherwise print a dot } fprintf(logfile,"\n"); } if(i%16==0) fprintf(logfile," "); fprintf(logfile," %02X",(unsigned int)data[i]); if( i==Size-1) //print the last spaces { for(j=0;j<15-i%16;j++) fprintf(logfile," "); //extra spaces fprintf(logfile," "); for(j=i-i%16 ; j<=i ; j++) { if(data[j]>=32 && data[j]<=128) fprintf(logfile,"%c",(unsigned char)data[j]); else fprintf(logfile,"."); } fprintf(logfile,"\n"); } } } following are the errors Error 1 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__WSACleanup@0 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 2 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__closesocket@4 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 3 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__WSAIoctl@36 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 4 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__bind@12 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 5 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__inet_ntoa@4 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 6 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__gethostbyname@4 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 7 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__WSAGetLastError@0 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 8 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__gethostname@8 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 9 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__socket@12 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 10 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__WSAStartup@8 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 11 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__recvfrom@24 referenced in function "void __cdecl StartSniffing(unsigned int)" (?StartSniffing@@YAXI@Z) sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 12 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__ntohs@4 referenced in function "void __cdecl PrintIpHeader(unsigned char *,int)" (?PrintIpHeader@@YAXPAEH@Z) sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 13 fatal error LNK1120: 12 unresolved externals E:\CWM\sniffer test\Debug\sniffer test.exe sniffer test

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