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  • Radiosity using a hemisphere

    - by P. Avery
    I'm working on a radiosity processor. I'm projecting scene geometry onto a hemisphere at a high order of tessellation during a visibility pass onto a 1024x1024 render target. The problem is that the edges of certain triangles are not being rendered to the item buffer( render target )...so when I test certain edges( or pixels during pixel shader ) for visibility during a reconstruction pass, visible edges are not identified and as a result the pixel for that edge is discarded. One solution was to increase the resolution of the item buffer( up to 4096x4096 )...this helped and more edges were visible, however, this was not fullproof. How do I increase visibility? Here is a screenshot of a scene after radiosity is applied: the seams are edges along a triangle face that were not visible due to the resolution of the item buffer... fixed the problem by sampling the item buffer w/8 points:

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  • Large resolution differences

    - by Robin Betka
    I want to develop a game on multiple devices such as PC, Android or IOS. Want it to be in 1080p, but that means a massive scale down for the smartphones. I know how to do that, just render everything on a 1080p rendertarget and then render it on the screen smaller. But what should I do so that the scalling down doesn't look bad and blury? I can't do it vector based or anything because the sprites simply need a specific size. Should I make the sprites power of two size to get some nice mipmapping? And which other settings can I do? Or should I rather go with a lower resolution but then having a little bit worse look PC version? The performance seems not to be a problem for me, so would be sad not using 1080p because of other problems.

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  • OpenGL ES 2.0: Mixing 2D with 3D

    - by Bunkai.Satori
    Is it possible to mix 2D and 3D graphics in a single OpenGL ES 2.0 game, please? I have plenty of 2D graphics in my game. The 2D graphics is represented by two triangular polygons (making up a rectangle) with texture on them. I use orthographic matrix to render the whole scene. However, I need to add some 3D effects into my game. Threfore, I wish to use perspective camera to render the meshes. Is it possible to mix orthographic and perspective camera in one scene? If yes, is there going to be a large performance cost for this? Is there any recommended approach to do this effectively? I wil have 90% of 2D graphics and only 10% of 3D. Target platform is OpenGL ES 2.0 (iOS, Android). I use C++ to develop. Thank you.

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  • How can I use WebGL to create a tile-based multi-layer scrolling platform game?

    - by Nicholas Hill
    I've found WebGL (based on OpenGL) to be a fiendish and unforgiving framework for those learning to write HTML5-based games. Despite the presence of many examples on how to get started, I'm really struggling to understand how I could simply load a bunch of images and render them to a canvas quickly using WebGL. My specific scenario involves trying to render a map using a bespoke but simple multi-layered tile engine, where each value in a three dimensional array points to the image to use for that location in the rendered image. Think "Sonic the Hedgehog" via tilesets, tiles, maps, layers, sprites etc. Can anyone enlighten me: 1) How can I load an image that I can use as a texture in WebGL? 2) How can I dynamically select an image at run time and draw it at any co-ordinate, that I also select at run time?

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  • Deferred contexts and inheriting state from the immediate context

    - by dreijer
    I took my first stab at using deferred contexts in DirectX 11 today. Basically, I created my deferred context using CreateDeferredContext() and then drew a simple triangle strip with it. Early on in my test application, I call OMSetRenderTargets() on the immediate context in order to render to the swap chain's back buffer. Now, after having read the documentation on MSDN about deferred contexts, I assumed that calling ExecuteCommandList() on the immediate context would execute all of the deferred commands as "an extension" to the commands that had already been executed on the immediate context, i.e. the triangle strip I rendered in the deferred context would be rendered to the swap chain's back buffer. That didn't seem to be the case, however. Instead, I had to manually pull out the immediate context's render target (using OMGetRenderTargets()) and then set it on the deferred context with OMSetRenderTargets(). Am I doing something wrong or is that the way deferred contexts work?

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  • Batching dynamic sprites in OpenGL

    - by Aaron
    I'm trying to wrap my head around how batching is done in a 2D sprite-based game. My understanding is I'd get the vertices that represent each sprite I want to draw and stuff them all into a single mesh. That way I'd only need a single draw call to render everything. Does this apply when the sprites I render are different between frames, or when some sprites are moving? Because it sounds like I'd then have to recreate my batch mesh each frame, using either glDrawArrays/glDrawElements or a streaming VBO I assume. Does this sound correct?

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  • Creating a voxel chunk with a VBO - How to translate the coordinates of each block and add it to the VBO chunk?

    - by sunsunsunsunsun
    Im trying to make a voxel engine similar to minecraft as a little learning experience and a way to learn some opengl. I have created a chunk class and I want to put all of the vertices for the whole chunk into a single VBO. I was previously only putting each block into a vbo and making a call to render each block. Anyways, I am a bit confused about how I can translate the coordinates of each block in the chunk when I'm putting all vertices into one vbo. This is what I have at the moment. public void putVertices(float tx, float ty, float tz) { float l_length = 1.0f; float l_height = 1.0f; float l_width = 1.0f; vertexPositionData.put(new float[]{ xOffset + l_length + tx, l_height + ty, zOffset + -l_width + tz, xOffset + -l_length + tx, l_height + ty, zOffset + -l_width + tz, xOffset + -l_length + tx, l_height + ty, zOffset + l_width + tz, xOffset + l_length + tx, l_height + ty, zOffset + l_width + tz, xOffset + l_length + tx, -l_height + ty, zOffset + l_width + tz, xOffset + -l_length + tx, -l_height + ty, zOffset + l_width + tz, xOffset + -l_length + tx, -l_height + ty, zOffset + -l_width + tz, xOffset + l_length + tx, -l_height + ty, zOffset + -l_width + tz, xOffset + l_length + tx, l_height + ty, zOffset + l_width + tz, xOffset + -l_length + tx, l_height + ty,zOffset + l_width + tz, xOffset + -l_length + tx, -l_height + ty,zOffset + l_width + tz, xOffset + l_length + tx, -l_height + ty, zOffset + l_width + tz, xOffset + l_length + tx, -l_height + ty, zOffset + -l_width + tz, xOffset + -l_length + tx, -l_height + ty,zOffset + -l_width + tz, xOffset + -l_length + tx, l_height + ty, zOffset + -l_width + tz, xOffset + l_length + tx, l_height + ty, zOffset + -l_width + tz, xOffset + -l_length + tx, l_height + ty, zOffset + l_width + tz, xOffset + -l_length + tx, l_height + ty, zOffset + -l_width + tz, xOffset + -l_length + tx, -l_height + ty, zOffset + -l_width + tz, xOffset + -l_length + tx, -l_height + ty,zOffset + l_width + tz, xOffset + l_length + tx, l_height + ty,zOffset + -l_width + tz, xOffset + l_length + tx, l_height + ty, zOffset + l_width + tz, xOffset + l_length + tx, -l_height + ty, zOffset + l_width + tz, xOffset + l_length + tx, -l_height + ty, zOffset + -l_width + tz }); } public void createChunk() { vertexPositionData = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer((24*3)*activateBlocks); Random random = new Random(); for (int x = 0; x < CHUNK_SIZE; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < CHUNK_SIZE; y++) { for (int z = 0; z < CHUNK_SIZE; z++) { if(blocks[x][y][z].getActive()) { putVertices(x*2.0f, y*2.0f, z*2.0f); } } } } Whats any easy way to translate the vertices of each block into its correct position? I was previously using glTranslatef with each call to render block but this wont work now. What I am doing now also does not work, the blocks all render in stacks on top of each other and it looks like this: http://i.imgur.com/NyFtBTI.png Thanks

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  • 3D architecture app for Android or iPhone

    - by Manixate
    I want to make an app for 3D modeling on iPhone/Android. I cannot get the basic idea of how to get started. I have various options such as learning OpenGL ES, UDK or Unity3d but I want to create models(e.g architecture etc) in my app and then render them when user is finished modeling. I do not know if I am able to design models and then render them in the same app with various effects on the iPhone/Android using UDK or Unity3d. (Note: If you find this question unclear please ask, I may have skipped some vital information).

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  • Any ideas on reducing lag in terrain generation?

    - by l5p4ngl312
    Ok so here's the deal. I've written an isometric engine that generates terrain based on camera values using 2D perlin noise. I planned on doing 3D but first I need to work out the lag issues I'm having. I will try to explain how I am doing this so that maybe someone can spot where I am going wrong. I know it should not be this laggy. There is the abstract class Block which right now just contains render(). BlockGrass, etc. extend this class and each has code in the render function to create a textured quad at the given position. Then there is the class Chunk which has the function Generate() and setBlocksInArea(). Generate uses 2D perlin noise to make a height map and stores the heights in a 2D array. It stores the positions of each block it generates in blockarray[x][y][z]. The chunks are 8x8x128. In the main game class there is a 3D array called blocksInArea. The blocks in this array are what gets rendered. When a chunk generates, it adds its blocks to this array at the correct index. It is like this so chunks can be saved to the hard drive (even though they aren't yet) but there can still be optimization with the rendering that you wouldn't have if you rendered each chunk separately. Here's where the laggy part comes in: When the camera moves to a new chunk, a row of chunks generates on the end of the axis that the camera moved on. But it still has to move the other chunks up/down in the blocksInArea (render) array. It does this by calculating the new position in the array and doing the Chunk.setBlocksInArea(): for(int x = 0; x < 8; x++){ for(int y = 0; y < 8; y++){ nx = x+(coordX - camCoordX)*8 ny = y+(coordY - camCoordY)*8 for(int z = 0; z < height[x][y]; z++){ blockarray[x][y][z] = Game.blocksInArea[nx][ny][z]; } } } My reasoning was that this would be much faster than doing the perlin noise all over again, but there are still little spikes of lag when you move in between chunks. Edit: Would it be possible to create a 3 dimensional array list so that shifting of chunks within the array would not be neccessary?

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  • (SOLVED) Problems Rendering Text in OpenGL Using FreeType

    - by Sean M.
    I've been following both the FreeType2 tutorial and the WikiBooks tuorial, trying to combine things from them both in order to load and render fonts using the FreeType library. I used the font loading code from the FreeType2 tutorial and tried to implement the rendering code from the wikibooks tutorial (tried being the keyword as I'm still trying to learn model OpenGL, I'm using 3.2). Everything loads correctly and I have the shader program to render the text with working, but I can't get the text to render. I'm 99% sure that it has something to do with how I cam passing data to the shader, or how I set up the screen. These are the code segments that handle OpenGL initialization, as well as Font initialization and rendering: //Init glfw if (!glfwInit()) { fprintf(stderr, "GLFW Initialization has failed!\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("GLFW Initialized.\n"); //Process the command line arguments processCmdArgs(argc, argv); //Create the window glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, g_aaSamples); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 2); g_mainWindow = glfwCreateWindow(g_screenWidth, g_screenHeight, "Voxel Shipyard", g_fullScreen ? glfwGetPrimaryMonitor() : nullptr, nullptr); if (!g_mainWindow) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not create GLFW window!\n"); closeOGL(); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } glfwMakeContextCurrent(g_mainWindow); printf("Window and OpenGL rendering context created.\n"); glClearColor(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f); //Are these necessary for Modern OpenGL (3.0+)? glViewport(0, 0, g_screenWidth, g_screenHeight); glOrtho(0, g_screenWidth, g_screenHeight, 0, -1, 1); //Init glew int err = glewInit(); if (err != GLEW_OK) { fprintf(stderr, "GLEW initialization failed!\n"); fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", glewGetErrorString(err)); closeOGL(); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("GLEW initialized.\n"); Here is the font file (it's slightly too big to post): CFont.h/CFont.cpp Here is the solution zipped up: [solution] (https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/36062916/VoxelShipyard.zip), if anyone feels they need the entire solution. If anyone could take a look at the code, it would be greatly appreciated. Also if someone has a tutorial that is a little more user friendly, that would also be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Can WebGL be used to create a tile-based multi-layer scrolling platform game?

    - by Nicholas Hill
    I've found WebGL (based on OpenGL) to be a fiendish and unforgiving framework for those learning to write HTML5-based games. Despite the presence of many examples on how to get started, I'm really struggling to understand how I could simply load a bunch of images and render them to a canvas quickly using WebGL. My specific scenario involves trying to render a map using a bespoke but simple multi-layered tile engine, where each value in a three dimensional array points to the image to use for that location in the rendered image. Think "Sonic the Hedgehog" via tilesets, tiles, maps, layers, sprites etc. Can anyone enlighten me: 1) How can I load an image that I can use as a texture in WebGL? 2) How can I dynamically select an image at run time and draw it at any co-ordinate, that I also select at run time?

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  • Developing GLSL Shaders?

    - by skln
    I want to create shaders but I need a tool to create and see the visual result before I put them into my game. As to determine if there is something wrong with my game or if it's something with the shader I created. I've looked at some like Render Monkey and OpenGL Shader Designer from what I recall of Render Monkey it had a way to define your own attributes (now as "in" for vertex shaders = 330) easily though I can't remember to what extent. Shader Designer requires a plugin that I didn't even bother to look at creating cause it's an external process and plugin. Are there any tools out there that support a scripting language and I could easily provide specific input such as float movement = sin(elapsedTime()); and then define in float movement; in the vertex shader ? It'd be cool if anyone could share how they develop shaders, if they just code away and then plug it into their game hoping to get the result they wanted.

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  • LibGDX - Textures rendering at wrong position

    - by ACluelessGuy
    Update 2: Let me further explain my problem since I think that i didn't make it clear enough: The Y-coordinates on the bottom of my screen should be 0. Instead it is the height of my screen. That means the "higher" i touch/click the screen the less my y-coordinate gets. Above that the origin is not inside my screen, atleast not the 0 y-coordinate. Original post: I'm currently developing a tower defence game for fun by using LibGDX. There are places on my map where the player is or is not allowed to put towers on. So I created different ArrayLists holding rectangles representing a tile on my map. (towerPositions) for(int i = 0; i < map.getLayers().getCount(); i++) { curLay = (TiledMapTileLayer) map.getLayers().get(i); //For all Cells of current Layer for(int k = 0; k < curLay.getWidth(); k++) { for(int j = 0; j < curLay.getHeight(); j++) { curCell = curLay.getCell(k, j); //If there is a actual cell if(curCell != null) { tileWidth = curLay.getTileWidth(); tileHeight = curLay.getTileHeight(); xTileKoord = tileWidth*k; yTileKoord = tileHeight*j; switch(curLay.getName()) { //If layer named "TowersAllowed" picked case "TowersAllowed": towerPositions.add(new Rectangle(xTileKoord, yTileKoord, tileWidth, tileHeight)); // ... AND SO ON If the player clicks on a "allowed" field later on he has the opportunity to build a tower of his coice via a menu. Now here is the problem: The towers render, but they render at wrong position. (They appear really random on the map, no certain pattern for me) for(Rectangle curRect : towerPositions) { if(curRect.contains(xCoord, yCoord)) { //Using a certain tower in this example (left the menu out if(gameControl.createTower("towerXY")) { //RenderObject is just a class holding the Texture and x/y coordinates renderList.add(new RenderObject(new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("TowerXY.png")), curRect.x, curRect.y)); } } } Later on i render it: game.batch.begin(); for(int i = 0; i < renderList.size() ; i++) { game.batch.draw(renderList.get(i).myTexture, renderList.get(i).x, renderList.get(i).y); } game.batch.end(); regards

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  • How do I consolidate the differences between iOS and Android update loops?

    - by kkan
    I'm currently working on moving some Android-ndk code to the iPhone. From looking at some samples it seems that the main loop is handled for you and all you've got to do is override the render method on the view to handle the rendering. Then add a selector to handle the update methods. The render method itself looks like it's attached to the windows refresh. But in android I've got my own game loop that controls the rendering and updates using C++ time.h. Is it possible to implement the same here bypassing Apple's loop? I'd really like the keep the structures of the code similar.

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  • Rendering only a part of text FTGL, OpenGL

    - by Mosquito
    I'm using FTGL library to render text in my C++ project. I can easily render text by using: CFontManager::Instance().renderWrappedText(font, lineLength, position, text); Unfortunately there is a situation in which this Button which displays text, is partly hidden because of resizing container in which it is situated. I'm able without any problem to draw Button's background to fit the container, but I've got a problem with doing the same with a text. Is it possible to somehow draw only text for given width and the rest just ignore? This is a screen which presents my problem: As you can see, the Button "Click here" is being drawn properly, but I can't do the same with "Click here" text.

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  • SSRS 2008 printing single page renders different for print

    - by user270437
    I have a problem with SSRS 2008 reports rendering differently on the reporting server than the way it renders when you print the report. I’m trying to figure out to print a single page and have the print show that same records as I see on the report on the screen. As a test, I created a simple report with no headers or footers and just added a Tablix table to display the records (no groupings). My data set for this test displays 2 ¼ pages of records when I deploy it to our reporting services server and run it. If I click the print Icon and preview the report is 2 ¾ pages. I haven’t found anything searching on this so it makes me think it is something simple I’m missing. A basically want the report to render the same records on each page in Report Manager as it does when it prints, how do I accomplish this? (In response to answer posted by Chris)…If that is the case then it is disappointing. Customers are accustomed to WYSIWYG and will have a hard time understanding that, I imagine we will be getting a lot of support calls. This still leaves an issue. I tried using print preview and could not find any way to single out a page. If I select a page up front to print, or preview it renders different so I get different records. And if I preview the entire document, I can only print the entire document. You mentioned the Excel render; we have customers that will want that also. The problem I have found with Excel exports is that even a basic report winds up merging some cells and that messes up sorting. I’m going to try your tip about grouping to see if I can get a clean export to a page. It would have been nice if they would have created a property for certain controls like the tablix table called “ExcelSheet”. Then all you would have to do is give it a name and it would create a new sheet for each control with a name, the name becoming the sheet title. Thanks for the information you supplied it is very useful as I’m new to SSRS. If you know how I can Preview in print render and select individual pages to print from the render let me know. Update 02/19/2010 After testing this more I now realize it is just a bad design of Report managers print driver or a limitation because it is server based. The options work differently than Windows apps drivers, But I did find a work around. Here is the test I performed comparing Excel to Report Manager. I bring up a report that will render more than 1 page when printed. I then export to Excel, in Excel I select print preview. I can navigate the pages in preview and then select a single page like page 3. I can then print just page 3 without leaving print preview and it prints just like it rendered. I cannot do this using print in report manager. If I select print preview in report manager then try to print while in preview it always prints the entire document. However if I close out of print preview, I can then select page 3 and print it as rendered. It is just one additional step once you know what to do, but it took some time to figure it out.

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  • How to define template directives (from an API perspective)?

    - by Ralph
    Preface I'm writing a template language (don't bother trying to talk me out of it), and in it, there are two kinds of user-extensible nodes. TemplateTags and TemplateDirectives. A TemplateTag closely relates to an HTML tag -- it might look something like div(class="green") { "content" } And it'll be rendered as <div class="green">content</div> i.e., it takes a bunch of attributes, plus some content, and spits out some HTML. TemplateDirectives are a little more complicated. They can be things like for loops, ifs, includes, and other such things. They look a lot like a TemplateTag, but they need to be processed differently. For example, @for($i in $items) { div(class="green") { $i } } Would loop over $items and output the content with the variable $i substituted in each time. So.... I'm trying to decide on a way to define these directives now. Template Tags The TemplateTags are pretty easy to write. They look something like this: [TemplateTag] static string div(string content = null, object attrs = null) { return HtmlTag("div", content, attrs); } Where content gets the stuff between the curly braces (pre-rendered if there are variables in it and such), and attrs is either a Dictionary<string,object> of attributes, or an anonymous type used like a dictionary. It just returns the HTML which gets plunked into its place. Simple! You can write tags in basically 1 line. Template Directives The way I've defined them now looks like this: [TemplateDirective] static string @for(string @params, string content) { var tokens = Regex.Split(@params, @"\sin\s").Select(s => s.Trim()).ToArray(); string itemName = tokens[0].Substring(1); string enumName = tokens[1].Substring(1); var enumerable = data[enumName] as IEnumerable; var sb = new StringBuilder(); var template = new Template(content); foreach (var item in enumerable) { var templateVars = new Dictionary<string, object>(data) { { itemName, item } }; sb.Append(template.Render(templateVars)); } return sb.ToString(); } (Working example). Basically, the stuff between the ( and ) is not split into arguments automatically (like the template tags do), and the content isn't pre-rendered either. The reason it isn't pre-rendered is because you might want to add or remove some template variables or something first. In this case, we add the $i variable to the template variables, var templateVars = new Dictionary<string, object>(data) { { itemName, item } }; And then render the content manually, sb.Append(template.Render(templateVars)); Question I'm wondering if this is the best approach to defining custom Template Directives. I want to make it as easy as possible. What if the user doesn't know how to render templates, or doesn't know that he's supposed to? Maybe I should pass in a Template instance pre-filled with the content instead? Or maybe only let him tamper w/ the template variables, and then automatically render the content at the end? OTOH, for things like "if" if the condition fails, then the template wouldn't need to be rendered at all. So there's a lot of flexibility I need to allow in here. Thoughts?

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  • Create a class that inherets DrawableGameComponent in XNA as a CLASS with custom functions

    - by user3675013
    using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; namespace TileEngine { class Renderer : DrawableGameComponent { public Renderer(Game game) : base(game) { } SpriteBatch spriteBatch ; protected override void LoadContent() { base.LoadContent(); } public override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { base.Draw(gameTime); } public override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { base.Update(gameTime); } public override void Initialize() { base.Initialize(); } public RenderTarget2D new_texture(int width, int height) { Texture2D TEX = new Texture2D(GraphicsDevice, width, height); //create the texture to render to RenderTarget2D Mine = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, width, height); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(Mine); //set the render device to the reference provided //maybe base.draw can be used with spritebatch. Idk. We'll see if the order of operation //works out. Wish I could call base.draw here. return Mine; //I'm hoping that this returns the same instance and not a copy. } public void draw_texture(int width, int height, RenderTarget2D Mine) { GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); //Set the renderer to render to the backbuffer again Rectangle drawrect = new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height); //Set the rendering size to what we want spriteBatch.Begin(); //This uses spritebatch to draw the texture directly to the screen spriteBatch.Draw(Mine, drawrect, Color.White); //This uses the color white spriteBatch.End(); //ends the spritebatch //Call base.draw after this since it doesn't seem to recognize inside the function //maybe base.draw can be used with spritebatch. Idk. We'll see if the order of operation //works out. Wish I could call base.draw here. } } } I solved a previous issue where I wasn't allowed to access GraphicsDevice outside the main Default 'main' class Ie "Game" or "Game1" etc. Now I have a new issue. FYi no one told me that it would be possible to use GraphicsDevice References to cause it to not be null by using the drawable class. (hopefully after this last bug is solved it doesn't still return null) Anyways at present the problem is that I can't seem to get it to initialize as an instance in my main program. Ie Renderer tileClipping; and I'm unable to use it such as it is to be noted i haven't even gotten to testing these two steps below but before it compiled but when those functions of this class were called it complained that it can't render to a null device. Which meant that the device wasn't being initialized. I had no idea why. It took me hours to google this. I finally figured out the words I needed.. which were "do my rendering in XNA in a seperate class" now I haven't used the addcomponent function because I don't want it to only run these functions automatically and I want to be able to call the custom ones. In a nutshell what I want is: *access to rendering targets and graphics device OUTSIDE default class *passing of Rendertarget2D (which contain textures and textures should automatically be passed with a rendering target? ) *the device should be passed to this function as well OR the device should be passed to this function as a byproduct of passing the rendertarget (which is automatically associated with the render device it was given originally) *I'm assuming I'm dealing with abstracted pointers here so when I pass a class object or instance, I should be recieving the SAME object , I referenced, and not a copy that has only the lifespan of the function running. *the purpose for all these options: I want to initialize new 2d textures on the fly to customize tileclipping and even the X , y Offsets of where a WHOLE texture will be rendered, and the X and Y offsets of where tiles will be rendered ON that surface. This is why. And I'll be doing region based lighting effects per tile or even per 8X8 pixel spaces.. we'll see I'll also be doing sprite rotations on the whole texture then copying it again to a circular masked texture, and then doing a second copy for only solid tiles for masked rotated collisions on sprites. I'll be checking the masked pixels for my collision, and using raycasting possibly to check for collisions on those areas. The sprite will stay in the center, when this rotation happens. Here is a detailed diagram: http://i.stack.imgur.com/INf9K.gif I'll be using texture2D for steps 4-6 I suppose for steps 1 as well. Now ontop of that, the clipping size (IE the sqaure rendered) will be able to be shrunk or increased, on a per frame basis Therefore I can't use the same static size for my main texture2d and I can't use just the backbuffer Or we get the annoying flicker. Also I will have multiple instances of the renderer class so that I can freely pass textures around as if they are playing cards (in a sense) layering them ontop of eachother, cropping them how i want and such. and then using spritebatch to simply draw them at the locations I want. Hopefully this makes sense, and yes I will be planning on using alpha blending but only after all tiles have been drawn.. The masked collision is important and Yes I am avoiding using math on the tile rendering and instead resorting to image manipulation in video memory which is WHY I need this to work the way I'm intending it to work and not in the default way that XNA seems to handle graphics. Thanks to anyone willing to help. I hate the code form offered, because then I have to rely on static presence of an update function. What if I want to kill that update function or that object, but have it in memory, but just have it temporarily inactive? I'm making the assumption here the update function of one of these gamecomponents is automatic ? Anyways this is as detailed as I can make this post hopefully someone can help me solve the issue. Instead of tell me "derrr don't do it this wayyy" which is what a few people told me (but they don't understand the actual goal I have in mind) I'm trying to create basically a library where I can copy images freely no matter the size, i just have to specify the size in the function then as long as a reference to that object exists it should be kept alive? right? :/ anyways.. Anything else? I Don't know. I understand object oriented coding but I don't understand this XNA It's beggining to feel impossible to do anything custom in it without putting ALL my rendering code into the draw function of the main class tileClipping.new_texture(GraphicsDevice, width, height) tileClipping.Draw_texture(...)

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  • An issue with tessellation a model with DirectX11

    - by Paul Ske
    I took the hardware tessellation tutorial from Rastertek and implemended texturing instead of color. This is great, so I wanted to implemended the same techique to a model inside my game editor and I noticed it doesn't draw anything. I compared the detailed tessellation from DirectX SDK sample. Inside the shader file - if I replace the HullInputType with PixelInputType it draws. So, I think because when I compiled the shaders inside the program it compiles VertexShader, PixelShader, HullShader then DomainShader. Isn't it suppose to be VertexShader, HullSHader, DomainShader then PixelShader or does it really not matter? I am just curious why wouldn't the model even be drawn when HullInputType but renders fine with PixelInputType. Shader Code: [code] cbuffer ConstantBuffer { float4x4 WVP; float4x4 World; // the rotation matrix float3 lightvec; // the light's vector float4 lightcol; // the light's color float4 ambientcol; // the ambient light's color bool isSelected; } cbuffer cameraBuffer { float3 cameraDirection; float padding; } cbuffer TessellationBuffer { float tessellationAmount; float3 padding2; } struct ConstantOutputType { float edges[3] : SV_TessFactor; float inside : SV_InsideTessFactor; }; Texture2D Texture; Texture2D NormalTexture; SamplerState ss { MinLOD = 5.0f; MipLODBias = 0.0f; }; struct HullOutputType { float3 position : POSITION; float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; float3 tangent : TANGENT; }; struct HullInputType { float4 position : POSITION; float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; float3 tangent : TANGENT; }; struct VertexInputType { float4 position : POSITION; float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD; float3 normal : NORMAL; float3 tangent : TANGENT; uint uVertexID : SV_VERTEXID; }; struct PixelInputType { float4 position : SV_POSITION; float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0; // texture coordinates float3 normal : NORMAL; float3 tangent : TANGENT; float4 color : COLOR; float3 viewDirection : TEXCOORD1; float4 depthBuffer : TEXTURE0; }; HullInputType VShader(VertexInputType input) { HullInputType output; output.position.w = 1.0f; output.position = mul(input.position,WVP); output.texcoord = input.texcoord; output.normal = input.normal; output.tangent = input.tangent; //output.normal = mul(normal,World); //output.tangent = mul(tangent,World); //output.color = output.color; //output.texcoord = texcoord; // set the texture coordinates, unmodified return output; } ConstantOutputType TexturePatchConstantFunction(InputPatch inputPatch,uint patchID : SV_PrimitiveID) { ConstantOutputType output; output.edges[0] = tessellationAmount; output.edges[1] = tessellationAmount; output.edges[2] = tessellationAmount; output.inside = tessellationAmount; return output; } [domain("tri")] [partitioning("integer")] [outputtopology("triangle_cw")] [outputcontrolpoints(3)] [patchconstantfunc("TexturePatchConstantFunction")] HullOutputType HShader(InputPatch patch, uint pointId : SV_OutputControlPointID, uint patchId : SV_PrimitiveID) { HullOutputType output; // Set the position for this control point as the output position. output.position = patch[pointId].position; // Set the input color as the output color. output.texcoord = patch[pointId].texcoord; output.normal = patch[pointId].normal; output.tangent = patch[pointId].tangent; return output; } [domain("tri")] PixelInputType DShader(ConstantOutputType input, float3 uvwCoord : SV_DomainLocation, const OutputPatch patch) { float3 vertexPosition; float2 uvPosition; float4 worldposition; PixelInputType output; // Interpolate world space position with barycentric coordinates float3 vWorldPos = uvwCoord.x * patch[0].position + uvwCoord.y * patch[1].position + uvwCoord.z * patch[2].position; // Determine the position of the new vertex. vertexPosition = vWorldPos; // Calculate the position of the new vertex against the world, view, and projection matrices. output.position = mul(float4(vertexPosition, 1.0f),WVP); // Send the input color into the pixel shader. output.texcoord = uvwCoord.x * patch[0].position + uvwCoord.y * patch[1].position + uvwCoord.z * patch[2].position; output.normal = uvwCoord.x * patch[0].position + uvwCoord.y * patch[1].position + uvwCoord.z * patch[2].position; output.tangent = uvwCoord.x * patch[0].position + uvwCoord.y * patch[1].position + uvwCoord.z * patch[2].position; //output.depthBuffer = output.position; //output.depthBuffer.w = 1.0f; //worldposition = mul(output.position,WVP); //output.viewDirection = cameraDirection.xyz - worldposition.xyz; //output.viewDirection = normalize(output.viewDirection); return output; } [/code] Somethings are commented out but will be in place when fixed. I'm probably not connecting something correctly.

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  • First time shadow mapping problems

    - by user1294203
    I have implemented basic shadow mapping for the first time in OpenGL using shaders and I'm facing some problems. Below you can see an example of my rendered scene: The process of the shadow mapping I'm following is that I render the scene to the framebuffer using a View Matrix from the light point of view and the projection and model matrices used for normal rendering. In the second pass, I send the above MVP matrix from the light point of view to the vertex shader which transforms the position to light space. The fragment shader does the perspective divide and changes the position to texture coordinates. Here is my vertex shader, #version 150 core uniform mat4 ModelViewMatrix; uniform mat3 NormalMatrix; uniform mat4 MVPMatrix; uniform mat4 lightMVP; uniform float scale; in vec3 in_Position; in vec3 in_Normal; in vec2 in_TexCoord; smooth out vec3 pass_Normal; smooth out vec3 pass_Position; smooth out vec2 TexCoord; smooth out vec4 lightspace_Position; void main(void){ pass_Normal = NormalMatrix * in_Normal; pass_Position = (ModelViewMatrix * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0)).xyz; lightspace_Position = lightMVP * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0); TexCoord = in_TexCoord; gl_Position = MVPMatrix * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0); } And my fragment shader, #version 150 core struct Light{ vec3 direction; }; uniform Light light; uniform sampler2D inSampler; uniform sampler2D inShadowMap; smooth in vec3 pass_Normal; smooth in vec3 pass_Position; smooth in vec2 TexCoord; smooth in vec4 lightspace_Position; out vec4 out_Color; float CalcShadowFactor(vec4 lightspace_Position){ vec3 ProjectionCoords = lightspace_Position.xyz / lightspace_Position.w; vec2 UVCoords; UVCoords.x = 0.5 * ProjectionCoords.x + 0.5; UVCoords.y = 0.5 * ProjectionCoords.y + 0.5; float Depth = texture(inShadowMap, UVCoords).x; if(Depth < (ProjectionCoords.z + 0.001)) return 0.5; else return 1.0; } void main(void){ vec3 Normal = normalize(pass_Normal); vec3 light_Direction = -normalize(light.direction); vec3 camera_Direction = normalize(-pass_Position); vec3 half_vector = normalize(camera_Direction + light_Direction); float diffuse = max(0.2, dot(Normal, light_Direction)); vec3 temp_Color = diffuse * vec3(1.0); float specular = max( 0.0, dot( Normal, half_vector) ); float shadowFactor = CalcShadowFactor(lightspace_Position); if(diffuse != 0 && shadowFactor > 0.5){ float fspecular = pow(specular, 128.0); temp_Color += fspecular; } out_Color = vec4(shadowFactor * texture(inSampler, TexCoord).xyz * temp_Color, 1.0); } One of the problems is self shadowing as you can see in the picture, the crate has its own shadow cast on itself. What I have tried is enabling polygon offset (i.e. glEnable(POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL), glPolygonOffset(GLfloat, GLfloat) ) but it didn't change much. As you see in the fragment shader, I have put a static offset value of 0.001 but I have to change the value depending on the distance of the light to get more desirable effects , which not very handy. I also tried using front face culling when I render to the framebuffer, that didn't change much too. The other problem is that pixels outside the Light's view frustum get shaded. The only object that is supposed to be able to cast shadows is the crate. I guess I should pick more appropriate projection and view matrices, but I'm not sure how to do that. What are some common practices, should I pick an orthographic projection? From googling around a bit, I understand that these issues are not that trivial. Does anyone have any easy to implement solutions to these problems. Could you give me some additional tips? Please ask me if you need more information on my code. Here is a comparison with and without shadow mapping of a close-up of the crate. The self-shadowing is more visible.

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  • 2D Selective Gaussian Blur

    - by Joshua Thomas
    I am attempting to use Gaussian blur on a 2D platform game, selectively blurring specific types of platforms with different amounts. I am currently just messing around with simple test code, trying to get it to work correctly. What I need to eventually do is create three separate render targets, leave one normal, blur one slightly, and blur the last heavily, then recombine on the screen. Where I am now is I have successfully drawn into a new render target and performed the gaussian blur on it, but when I draw it back to the screen everything is purple aside from the platforms I drew to the target. This is my .fx file: #define RADIUS 7 #define KERNEL_SIZE (RADIUS * 2 + 1) //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Globals. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- float weights[KERNEL_SIZE]; float2 offsets[KERNEL_SIZE]; //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Textures. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- texture colorMapTexture; sampler2D colorMap = sampler_state { Texture = <colorMapTexture>; MipFilter = Linear; MinFilter = Linear; MagFilter = Linear; }; //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Pixel Shaders. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- float4 PS_GaussianBlur(float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD) : COLOR0 { float4 color = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); for (int i = 0; i < KERNEL_SIZE; ++i) color += tex2D(colorMap, texCoord + offsets[i]) * weights[i]; return color; } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Techniques. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- technique GaussianBlur { pass { PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PS_GaussianBlur(); } } This is the code I'm using for the gaussian blur: public Texture2D PerformGaussianBlur(Texture2D srcTexture, RenderTarget2D renderTarget1, RenderTarget2D renderTarget2, SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { if (effect == null) throw new InvalidOperationException("GaussianBlur.fx effect not loaded."); Texture2D outputTexture = null; Rectangle srcRect = new Rectangle(0, 0, srcTexture.Width, srcTexture.Height); Rectangle destRect1 = new Rectangle(0, 0, renderTarget1.Width, renderTarget1.Height); Rectangle destRect2 = new Rectangle(0, 0, renderTarget2.Width, renderTarget2.Height); // Perform horizontal Gaussian blur. game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget1); effect.CurrentTechnique = effect.Techniques["GaussianBlur"]; effect.Parameters["weights"].SetValue(kernel); effect.Parameters["colorMapTexture"].SetValue(srcTexture); effect.Parameters["offsets"].SetValue(offsetsHoriz); spriteBatch.Begin(0, BlendState.Opaque, null, null, null, effect); spriteBatch.Draw(srcTexture, destRect1, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); // Perform vertical Gaussian blur. game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget2); outputTexture = (Texture2D)renderTarget1; effect.Parameters["colorMapTexture"].SetValue(outputTexture); effect.Parameters["offsets"].SetValue(offsetsVert); spriteBatch.Begin(0, BlendState.Opaque, null, null, null, effect); spriteBatch.Draw(outputTexture, destRect2, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); // Return the Gaussian blurred texture. game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); outputTexture = (Texture2D)renderTarget2; return outputTexture; } And this is the draw method affected: public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { device.SetRenderTarget(maxBlur); spriteBatch.Begin(); foreach (Brick brick in blueBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.End(); blue = gBlur.PerformGaussianBlur((Texture2D) maxBlur, helperTarget, maxBlur, spriteBatch); spriteBatch.Begin(); device.SetRenderTarget(null); foreach (Brick brick in redBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); foreach (Brick brick in greenBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.Draw(blue, new Rectangle(0, 0, blue.Width, blue.Height), Color.White); foreach (Brick brick in purpleBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.End(); } I'm sorry about the massive brick of text and images(or not....new user, I tried, it said no), but I wanted to get my problem across clearly as I have been searching for an answer to this for quite a while now. As a side note, I have seen the bloom sample. Very well commented, but overly complicated since it deals in 3D; I was unable to take what I needed to learn form it. Thanks for any and all help.

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  • OpenGL 3 and the Radeon HD 4850x2

    - by rotard
    A while ago, I picked up a copy of the OpenGL SuperBible fifth edition and slowly and painfully started teaching myself OpenGL the 3.3 way, after having been used to the 1.0 way from school way back when. Making things more challenging, I am primarily a .NET developer, so I was working in Mono with the OpenTK OpenGL wrapper. On my laptop, I put together a program that let the user walk around a simple landscape using a couple shaders that implemented per-vertex coloring and lighting and texture mapping. Everything was working brilliantly until I ran the same program on my desktop. Disaster! Nothing would render! I have chopped my program down to the point where the camera sits near the origin, pointing at the origin, and renders a square (technically, a triangle fan). The quad renders perfectly on my laptop, coloring, lighting, texturing and all, but the desktop renders a small distorted non-square quadrilateral that is colored incorrectly, not affected by the lights, and not textured. I suspect the graphics card is at fault, because I get the same result whether I am booted into Ubuntu 10.10 or Win XP. I did find that if I pare the vertex shader down to ONLY outputting the positional data and the fragment shader to ONLY outputting a solid color (white) the quad renders correctly. But as SOON as I start passing in color data (whether or not I use it in the fragment shader) the output from the vertex shader is distorted again. The shaders follow. I left the pre-existing code in, but commented out so you can get an idea what I was trying to do. I'm a noob at glsl so the code could probably be a lot better. My laptop is an old lenovo T61p with a Centrino (Core 2) Duo and an nVidia Quadro graphics card running Ubuntu 10.10 My desktop has an i7 with a Radeon HD 4850 x2 (single card, dual GPU) from Saphire dual booting into Ubuntu 10.10 and Windows XP. The problem occurs in both XP and Ubuntu. Can anyone see something wrong that I am missing? What is "special" about my HD 4850x2? string vertexShaderSource = @" #version 330 precision highp float; uniform mat4 projection_matrix; uniform mat4 modelview_matrix; //uniform mat4 normal_matrix; //uniform mat4 cmv_matrix; //Camera modelview. Light sources are transformed by this matrix. //uniform vec3 ambient_color; //uniform vec3 diffuse_color; //uniform vec3 diffuse_direction; in vec4 in_position; in vec4 in_color; //in vec3 in_normal; //in vec3 in_tex_coords; out vec4 varyingColor; //out vec3 varyingTexCoords; void main(void) { //Get surface normal in eye coordinates //vec4 vEyeNormal = normal_matrix * vec4(in_normal, 0); //Get vertex position in eye coordinates //vec4 vPosition4 = modelview_matrix * vec4(in_position, 0); //vec3 vPosition3 = vPosition4.xyz / vPosition4.w; //Get vector to light source in eye coordinates //vec3 lightVecNormalized = normalize(diffuse_direction); //vec3 vLightDir = normalize((cmv_matrix * vec4(lightVecNormalized, 0)).xyz); //Dot product gives us diffuse intensity //float diff = max(0.0, dot(vEyeNormal.xyz, vLightDir.xyz)); //Multiply intensity by diffuse color, force alpha to 1.0 //varyingColor.xyz = in_color * diff * diffuse_color.xyz; varyingColor = in_color; //varyingTexCoords = in_tex_coords; gl_Position = projection_matrix * modelview_matrix * in_position; }"; string fragmentShaderSource = @" #version 330 //#extension GL_EXT_gpu_shader4 : enable precision highp float; //uniform sampler2DArray colorMap; //in vec4 varyingColor; //in vec3 varyingTexCoords; out vec4 out_frag_color; void main(void) { out_frag_color = vec4(1,1,1,1); //out_frag_color = varyingColor; //out_frag_color = vec4(varyingColor, 1) * texture(colorMap, varyingTexCoords.st); //out_frag_color = vec4(varyingColor, 1) * texture(colorMap, vec3(varyingTexCoords.st, 0)); //out_frag_color = vec4(varyingColor, 1) * texture2DArray(colorMap, varyingTexCoords); }"; Note that in this code the color data is accepted but not actually used. The geometry is outputted the same (wrong) whether the fragment shader uses varyingColor or not. Only if I comment out the line varyingColor = in_color; does the geometry output correctly. Originally the shaders took in vec3 inputs, I only modified them to take vec4s while troubleshooting.

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  • In 3D camera math, calculate what Z depth is pixel unity for a given FOV

    - by badweasel
    I am working in iOS and OpenGL ES 2.0. Through trial and error I've figured out a frustum to where at a specific z depth pixels drawn are 1 to 1 with my source textures. So 1 pixel in my texture is 1 pixel on the screen. For 2d games this is good. Of course it means that I also factor in things like the size of the quad and the size of the texture. For example if my sprite is a quad 32x32 pixels. The quad size is 3.2 units wide and tall. And the texcoords are 32 / the size of the texture wide and tall. Then the frustum is: matrixFrustum(-(float)backingWidth/frustumScale,(float)backingWidth/frustumScale, -(float)backingHeight/frustumScale, (float)backingHeight/frustumScale, 40, 1000, mProjection); Where frustumScale is 800 for a retina screen. Then at a distance of 800 from camera the sprite is pixel for pixel the same as photoshop. For 3d games sometimes I still want to be able to do this. But depending on the scene I sometimes need the FOV to be different things. I'm looking for a way to figure out what Z depth will achieve this same pixel unity for a given FOV. For this my mProjection is set using: matrixPerspective(cameraFOV, near, far, (float)backingWidth / (float)backingHeight, mProjection); With testing I found that at an FOV of 45.0 a Z of 38.5 is very close to pixel unity. And at an FOV of 30.0 a Z of 59.5 is about right. But how can I calculate a value that is spot on? Here's my matrixPerspecitve code: void matrixPerspective(float angle, float near, float far, float aspect, mat4 m) { //float size = near * tanf(angle / 360.0 * M_PI); float size = near * tanf(degreesToRadians(angle) / 2.0); float left = -size, right = size, bottom = -size / aspect, top = size / aspect; // Unused values in perspective formula. m[1] = m[2] = m[3] = m[4] = 0; m[6] = m[7] = m[12] = m[13] = m[15] = 0; // Perspective formula. m[0] = 2 * near / (right - left); m[5] = 2 * near / (top - bottom); m[8] = (right + left) / (right - left); m[9] = (top + bottom) / (top - bottom); m[10] = -(far + near) / (far - near); m[11] = -1; m[14] = -(2 * far * near) / (far - near); } And my mView is set using: lookAtMatrix(cameraPos, camLookAt, camUpVector, mView); * UPDATE * I'm going to leave this here in case anyone has a different solution, can explain how they do it, or why this works. This is what I figured out. In my system I use a 10th scale unit to pixels on non-retina displays and a 20th scale on retina displays. The iPhone is 640 pixels wide on retina and 320 pixels wide on non-retina (obsolete). So if I want something to be the full screen width I divide by 20 to get the OpenGL unit width. Then divide that by 2 to get the left and right unit position. Something 32 units wide centered on the screen goes from -16 to +16. Believe it or not I have an excel spreadsheet do all this math for me and output all the vertex data for my sprite sheet. It's an arbitrary thing I made up to do .1 units = 1 non-retina pixel or 2 retina pixels. I could have made it .01 units = 2 pixels and someday I might switch to that. But for now it's the other. So the width of the screen in units is 32.0, and that means the left most pixel is at -16.0 and the right most is at 16.0. After messing a bit I figured out that if I take the [0] value of an identity modelViewProjection matrix and multiply it by 16 I get the depth required to get 1:1 pixels. I don't know why. I don't know if the 16 is related to the screen size or just a lucky guess. But I did a test where I placed a sprite at that calculated depth and varied the FOV through all the valid values and the object stays steady on screen with 1:1 pixels. So now I'm just calculating the unityDepth that way. If someone gives me a better answer I'll checkmark it.

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  • Internal Server Error with mod_wsgi [django] on windows xp

    - by sacabuche
    when i run development server it works very well, even an empty project runing in mod_wsgi i have no problem but when i want to put my own project i get an Internal Server Error (500) in my apache conf i put WSGIScriptAlias /codevents C:/django/apache/CODEvents.wsgi <Directory "C:/django/apache"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> Alias /codevents/media C:/django/projects/CODEvents/html <Directory "C:/django/projects/CODEvents/html"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> in CODEvents.wsgi import os, sys sys.path.append('C:\\Python26\\Lib\\site-packages\\django') sys.path.append('C:\\django\\projects') sys.path.append('C:\\django\\apps') sys.path.append('C:\\django\\projects\\CODEvents') os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'CODEvents.settings' import django.core.handlers.wsgi application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler() and in my error_log it said: [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] mod_wsgi (pid=1848): Exception occurred processing WSGI script 'C:/django/apache/CODEvents.wsgi'. [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] Traceback (most recent call last): [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\core\\handlers\\wsgi.py", line 241, in __call__ [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] response = self.get_response(request) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\core\\handlers\\base.py", line 142, in get_response [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] return self.handle_uncaught_exception(request, resolver, exc_info) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\core\\handlers\\base.py", line 166, in handle_uncaught_exception [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] return debug.technical_500_response(request, *exc_info) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\views\\debug.py", line 58, in technical_500_response [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] html = reporter.get_traceback_html() [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\views\\debug.py", line 137, in get_traceback_html [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] return t.render(c) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\template\\__init__.py", line 173, in render [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] return self._render(context) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\template\\__init__.py", line 167, in _render [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] return self.nodelist.render(context) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\template\\__init__.py", line 796, in render [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] bits.append(self.render_node(node, context)) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\template\\debug.py", line 72, in render_node [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] result = node.render(context) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\template\\debug.py", line 89, in render [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] output = self.filter_expression.resolve(context) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\template\\__init__.py", line 579, in resolve [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] new_obj = func(obj, *arg_vals) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\template\\defaultfilters.py", line 693, in date [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] return format(value, arg) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\dateformat.py", line 281, in format [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] return df.format(format_string) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\dateformat.py", line 30, in format [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] pieces.append(force_unicode(getattr(self, piece)())) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\dateformat.py", line 187, in r [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] return self.format('D, j M Y H:i:s O') [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\dateformat.py", line 30, in format [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] pieces.append(force_unicode(getattr(self, piece)())) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\encoding.py", line 66, in force_unicode [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] s = unicode(s) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\functional.py", line 206, in __unicode_cast [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] return self.__func(*self.__args, **self.__kw) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\translation\\__init__.py", line 55, in ugettext [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] return real_ugettext(message) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\functional.py", line 55, in _curried [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] return _curried_func(*(args+moreargs), **dict(kwargs, **morekwargs)) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\translation\\__init__.py", line 36, in delayed_loader [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] return getattr(trans, real_name)(*args, **kwargs) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\translation\\trans_real.py", line 276, in ugettext [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] return do_translate(message, 'ugettext') [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\translation\\trans_real.py", line 266, in do_translate [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] _default = translation(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\translation\\trans_real.py", line 176, in translation [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] default_translation = _fetch(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\translation\\trans_real.py", line 159, in _fetch [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] app = import_module(appname) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\importlib.py", line 35, in import_module [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] __import__(name) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\contrib\\admin\\__init__.py", line 1, in <module> [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] from django.contrib.admin.helpers import ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\contrib\\admin\\helpers.py", line 1, in <module> [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] from django import forms [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\forms\\__init__.py", line 17, in <module> [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] from models import * [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\forms\\models.py", line 6, in <module> [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] from django.db import connections [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\db\\__init__.py", line 75, in <module> [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] connection = connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS] [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\db\\utils.py", line 91, in __getitem__ [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE']) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File "C:\\Python26\\lib\\site-packages\\django\\db\\utils.py", line 49, in load_backend [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] raise ImproperlyConfigured(error_msg) [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] TemplateSyntaxError: Caught ImproperlyConfigured while rendering: 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2' isn't an available database backend. [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] Try using django.db.backends.XXX, where XXX is one of: [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] 'dummy', 'mysql', 'oracle', 'postgresql', 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'sqlite3' [Mon May 24 23:31:39 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] Error was: cannot import name utils please help me!!

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