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  • unresolved token/symbol in MC++ wrapper class calling native code

    - by rediVider
    I'm new to MC++ and have basically no idea what's going on yet. In trying to get this working i've determined many things that don't work, i'm just looking for one of the ways that will work. I have a mc++ class as follows that seems to have to be a "ref" class to allow me to see any methods/properties. public ref class EmCeePlusPlus { static void Open(void) { Testor* t = new Testor(); Testor::Open(); }; }; extern public class Testor { public: Testor() { }; static void Open(void) { int x = 3; int xx = cli_lock(x); }; }; Now, the only reason i created the class Testor, and moved the call to cli_open to it, is because i was getting a unresolved external symbol if i put the same call in the ref class. In this current code, however, I get an uresolved token error and unresolved symbol error ONLY if i have the call to Testor::Open(). If that line is commented then it compiles fine. As it is I get the errors below. cli_lock() is native code that is able to be called externally by other native DLLs with not problems. Any ideas where i should be looking? error LNK2028: unresolved token (0A000056) "extern "C" int __cdecl cli_lock(int)" (?cli_lock@@$$J0YAHH@Z) referenced in function "public: static void __cdecl Giga::Testor::Open(void)" (?Open@Testor@Giga@@$$FSAXXZ) error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "extern "C" int __cdecl cli_lock(int)" (?cli_lock@@$$J0YAHH@Z) referenced in function "public: static void __cdecl Giga::Testor::Open(void)" (?Open@Testor@Giga@@$$FSAXXZ)

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  • Excel VBA: Error Handling with Case Statement

    - by AME
    I am trying to validate a file that is uploaded by the user using the code below. The error handler checks the top row of the uploaded file for three specific column names. If one or more of the column names is not present, the program should return a prompt to the user notifying them which column(s) are missing from the file that they uploaded and then close the file. There are a couple issues with my current VBA code that I am seeking help with: The prompt doesn't specify which column(s) are missing to the user. The error handler is triggered even when all required columns are present in the uploaded file. Code: Sub getworkbook() ' Get workbook... Dim ws As Worksheet Dim filter As String Dim targetWorkbook As Workbook, wb As Workbook Dim Ret As Variant Set targetWorkbook = Application.ActiveWorkbook ' get the customer workbook filter = ".xlsx,.xls" caption = "Please select an input file " Ret = Application.GetOpenFilename(filter, , caption) If Ret = False Then Exit Sub Set wb = Workbooks.Open(Ret) On Error GoTo ErrorLine: 'Check for columns var1 = ActiveSheet.Range("1:1").Find("variable1", LookIn:=xlValues, LookAt:=xlWhole, MatchCase:=True).Column var2 = ActiveSheet.Range("1:1").Find("variable2", LookIn:=xlValues, LookAt:=xlWhole, MatchCase:=True).Column var3 = ActiveSheet.Range("1:1").Find("variable3", LookIn:=xlValues, LookAt:=xlWhole, MatchCase:=True).Column ErrorLine: MsgBox ("The selected file is missing a key data column, please upload a correctly formated file.") If Error = True Then ActiveWorkSheet.Close wb.Sheets(1).Move Before:=targetWorkbook.Sheets("Worksheet2") ActiveSheet.Name = "DATA" End Sub

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  • Why is my code stopping and not returning an exception?

    - by BeckyLou
    I have some code that starts a couple of threads to let them execute, then uses a while loop to check for the current time passing a set timeout period, or for the correct number of results to have been processed (by checking an int on the class object) (with a Thread.Sleep() to wait between loops) Once the while loop is set to exit, it calls Abort() on the threads and should return data to the function that calls the method. When debugging and stepping through the code, I find there can be exceptions in the code running on the separate threads, and in some cases I handle these appropriately, and at other times I don't want to do anything specific. What I have been seeing is that my code goes into the while loop and the thread sleeps, then nothing is returned from my function, either data or an exception. Code execution just stops completely. Any ideas what could be happening? Code sample: System.Threading.Thread sendThread = new System.Threading.Thread(new System.Threading.ThreadStart(Send)); sendThread.Start(); System.Threading.Thread receiveThread = new System.Threading.Thread(new System.Threading.ThreadStart(Receive)); receiveThread.Start(); // timeout Int32 maxSecondsToProcess = this.searchTotalCount * timeout; DateTime timeoutTime = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(maxSecondsToProcess); Log("Submit() Timeout time: " + timeoutTime.ToString("yyyyMMdd HHmmss")); // while we're still waiting to receive results & haven't hit the timeout, // keep the threads going while (resultInfos.Count < this.searchTotalCount && DateTime.Now < timeoutTime) { Log("Submit() Waiting..."); System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(10 * 1000); // 1 minute } Log("Submit() Aborting threads"); // <== this log doesn't show up sendThread.Abort(); receiveThread.Abort(); return new List<ResultInfo>(this.resultInfos.Values);

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  • In Emacs, how can I use imenu more sensibly with C#?

    - by Cheeso
    I've used emacs for a long time, but I haven't been keeping up with a bunch of features. One of these is speedbar, which I just briefly investigated now. Another is imenu. Both of these were mentioned in in-emacs-how-can-i-jump-between-functions-in-the-current-file? Using imenu, I can jump to particular methods in the module I'm working in. But there is a parse hierarchy that I have to negotiate before I get the option to choose (with autocomplete) the method name. It goes like this. I type M-x imenu and then I get to choose Using or Types. The Using choice allows me to jump to any of the using statements at the top level of the C# file (something like imports statements in a Java module, for those of you who don't know C#). Not super helpful. I choose Types. Then I have to choose a namespace and a class, even though there is just one of each in the source module. At that point I can choose between variables, types, and methods. If I choose methods I finally get the list of methods to choose from. The hierarchy I traverse looks like this; Using Types Namespace Class Types Variables Methods method names Only after I get to the 5th level do I get to select the thing I really want to jump to: a particular method. Imenu seems intelligent about the source module, but kind of hard to use. Am I doing it wrong?

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  • Codeigniter PHP - loading a view at an anchor point

    - by James Billings
    I have a form at the bottom of a long page, if a user fills out the form but it doesn't validate the page is reloaded in the typical codeigniter fashion: $this->load->view('template',$data); however because the form is way down at the bottom of the page I need the page to load down there like you do with HTML anchors. Does anyone know how to do this in codeigniter? I can't use the codeigniter redirect(); function because it loses the object and the validation errors are gone. Other frameworks I've used like Yii you can call the redirect function like: $this->redirect(); which solves the problem because you keep the object. I've tried using: $this->index() within the controller which works fine as a redirect but the validation errors are in another method which is where the current page is loaded from: $this->item($labs) but when I use this it get stuck in a loop Any ideas? I've seen this question a lot on the net but no clear answers. I'm researching using codeigniter "flash data" but think it's a bit overkill. cheers.

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  • Is there a way to check if a div has the same class as an ancestor in jQuery?

    - by T.R.
    I'm looking to dynamically highlight a tab, if it represents the current page. I have: <style> #tabs li{bg-color: white;} body.Page1 #tabs .Page1, body.Page2 #tabs .Page2, body.Page3 #tabs .Page3{bg-color: orange;} </style> <body class="Page1 ADifferentClass"> <ul id="tabs"> <li class="Page1 SomeClass"> <li class="Page2 SomeOtherClass"> <li class="Page3 AnotherClass"> </ul> </body> As you can see, there needs to be CSS for each tab, so adding another page involves modifying both the HTML and the CSS. Is there a simple (DRY) way to check if two divs have the same class already built into jQuery? I ultimately went with this: <script> $(document).ready(function(){ var classRE = /Page\d+/i; var pageType = $('body').attr('className').match(classRE); $('li.'+pageType).addClass('Highlight'); }); </script> <style> #tabs li{bg-color: white;} #tabs li.Highlight{bg-color: orange;} </style>

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  • Better language or checking tool?

    - by rwallace
    This is primarily aimed at programmers who use unmanaged languages like C and C++ in preference to managed languages, forgoing some forms of error checking to obtain benefits like the ability to work in extremely resource constrained systems or the last increment of performance, though I would also be interested in answers from those who use managed languages. Which of the following would be of most value? A language that would optionally compile to CLR byte code or to machine code via C, and would provide things like optional array bounds checking, more support for memory management in environments where you can't use garbage collection, and faster compile times than typical C++ projects. (Think e.g. Ada or Eiffel with Python syntax.) A tool that would take existing C code and perform static analysis to look for things like potential null pointer dereferences and array overflows. (Think e.g. an open source equivalent to Coverity.) Something else I haven't thought of. Or put another way, when you're using C family languages, is the top of your wish list more expressiveness, better error checking or something else? The reason I'm asking is that I have a design and prototype parser for #1, and an outline design for #2, and I'm wondering which would be the better use of resources to work on after my current project is up and running; but I think the answers may be useful for other tools programmers also. (As usual with questions of this nature, if the answer you would give is already there, please upvote it.)

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  • Error 2025: The supplied DisplayObject must be a child of the caller

    - by Mocca
    Hi, sorry, new to actionscript 3. I have a display() function for an object rotator(image based like a QT object movie). It first saves the current image in a helper variable and then allocates a new image, from the library, beneath the old one. To get a nice crossfade effect, the old image's alpha is looped down via enter_frame and then removed. Which is where there seems to be an issue with the display list, maybe recognizing oldImg's value as being already added? (it's not a first pass error) Btw, do i have to remove the old image or can i leave it, for when it's being called up via the mouse position again? (the image number can get fairly large) Does anyone have further insight? Thanks! function display(num:Number):void //num: image number { ... oldImg = newImg; ClassReference = getDefinitionByName("Class"+num) as Class; imgBD = new ClassReference(0,0); newImg = new Bitmap(imgBD); images.addChild(newImg); newImg.x=0; newImg.y=0; } function onEnter(evt:Event):void { if (oldImg) { if (oldImg.alpha > 0) oldImg.alpha -= 0.15; **else images.removeChild(oldImg);** } ... }

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  • Global mouseMove

    - by Jacob Kofoed
    I have made the following javascript to be used in my jQuery based website. What it does, is to move a slider up/down, and scale the item above higher/smaller. Everything works fine, but since the slider is only a few pixels in height, and the move event is a bit slow (it does not trigger for every pixel) so when I move the mouse fast, the slider can't hold on and the mouse get's out of the slider item. The mouseMove event won't be triggered no more since it is bound to the slider. I guess everything could be fixed by setting the mouseMove global to the whole site, but it won't work, or at least I don't know how to make that work. Should it be bound to document, or body? here is my current code for the slider: $.fn.resize = function (itemToResize) { MinSize = 100; MaxSize = 800; pageYstart = 0; sliderMoveing = false; nuskriverHeight = 0; this.mousedown(function(e) { pageYstart=e.pageY; sliderMoveing = true nuskriverHeight = parseFloat((itemToResize).css('height')); }); this.mouseup(function() { sliderMoveing = false }); this.mousemove(function(e) { if (sliderMoveing) { (itemToResize).css('height', (nuskriverHeight + (e.pageY - pageYstart))); if (parseFloat( (itemToResize).css('height')) > MaxSize) { (itemToResize).css('height', MaxSize) }; if (parseFloat( (itemToResize).css('height')) < MinSize) { (itemToResize).css('height', MinSize) }; }; }); }; Thanks for any help, is much appreciated

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  • How do you hide a Swing Popup when you click somewhere else.

    - by Casey Watson
    I have a Popup that is shown when a user clicks on a button. I would like to hide the popup when any of the following events occur: The user clicks somewhere else in the application. (The background panel for example) The user minimizes the application. The JPopupMenu has this behavior, but I need more than just JMenuItems. The following code block is a simplified illustration to demonstrate the current usage. import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import javax.swing.*; public class PopupTester extends JFrame { public static void main(String[] args) { final PopupTester popupTester = new PopupTester(); popupTester.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); popupTester.setSize(300, 100); popupTester.add(new JButton("Click Me") { @Override protected void fireActionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { Point location = getLocationOnScreen(); int y = (int) (location.getY() + getHeight()); int x = (int) location.getX(); JLabel myComponent = new JLabel("Howdy"); Popup popup = PopupFactory.getSharedInstance().getPopup(popupTester, myComponent, x, y); popup.show(); } }); popupTester.add(new JButton("No Click Me")); popupTester.setVisible(true); popupTester.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } }

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  • Asynchronous javascript issue

    - by amit
    I am trying to create a function which takes values from various html elements of the page to create a string and pass on to a variable. now this works great for all browsers except IE 8 and 9. IE tends to skip the part of fetching the values and goes straight to the variable and finds nothing.. is there a way to sync it all so that it works in IE? function seturl() { var qstring = returnQString(); $('span.keyword').text($.trim($('#hdnKeyWord').attr('value'))); $('input.search_box').attr('value', $.trim($('#hdnKeyWord').attr('value'))); $('#hdnSearchKeyword').attr('value', $.trim($('#hdnKeyWord').attr('value'))); $(".search_box").val($.trim($("#hdn_span_hdnKeyWord").text())); $(".header_inner input[type='text']").focus(); $(".search_term input[type='text']").focus(); $('#locationurl').attr('value', qstring); } function returnQString(){ var qstring = $.trim($('#locationurl').attr('init')); //initial value of the url qstring += "?type=" + $('#hdnSTSearch').attr('value'); // type of handler hit qstring += "&keyword=" + encodeURIComponent($('#hdnKeyWord').attr('value')); // keyword addition qstring += "&pagestart=" + $('#current_page').attr('value'); // pagestart(current page) addition qstring += "&pagesize=" + $('#show_per_page').attr('value'); // per page size addition qstring += "&facets=" // facetsearch $.each(selectedFilter.items, function (index, value) { qstring += value.filter + ","; }); qstring += "&selectedSection=" + selectedSection // Section Select return qstring; }

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  • Load Empty Database table

    - by john White
    I am using SQLexpress and VS2008. I have a DB with a table named "A", which has an IdentitySpecification column named ID. The ID is auto-incremented. Even if the row is deleted, the ID still increases. After several data manipulation, the current ID has reached 15, for example. When I run the application if there's at least 1 row: if I add a new row, the new ID is 16. Everything is fine. If the table is empty (no row): if I add a new row, the new ID is 0, which is an error (I think). And further data manipulation (eg. delete or update) will result in an unhandled exception. Has anyone encountered this? PS. In my table definition, the ID has been selected as follow: Identity Increment = 1; Identity Seed =1; The DB load code is: dataSet = gcnew DataSet(); dataAdapter->Fill(dataSet,"A"); dataTable=dataSet->Tables["A"]; dbConnection->Open(); The Update button method dataAdapter->Update(dataSet,"tblInFlow"); dataSet->AcceptChanges(); dataTable=dataSet->Tables["tblInFlow"]; dataGrid->DataSource=dataTable; If I press Update: if there's at least a row: the datagrid view updates and shows the table correctly. if there's nothing in the table (no data row), the Add method will add a new row, but from ID 0. If I close the program and restart it again: the ID would be 16, which is correct. This is the add method row=dataTable->NewRow(); row["column1"]="something"; dataTable->Rows->Add(row); dataAdapter->Update(dataSet,"A"); dataSet->AcceptChanges(); dataTable=dataSet->Tables["A"];

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  • load data from grid row into (pop up) form for editing

    - by user1495457
    I read in Ext JS in Action ( by J. Garcia) that if we have an instance of Ext.data.Record, we can use the form's loadRecord method to set the form's values. However, he does not give a working example of this (in the example that he uses data is loaded into a form through a file called data.php). I have searched many forums and found the following entry helpful as it gave me an idea on how to solve my problem by using form's loadRecord method: load data from grid to form Now the code for my store and grid is as follows: var userstore = Ext.create('Ext.data.Store', { storeId: 'viewUsersStore', model: 'Configs', autoLoad: true, proxy: { type: 'ajax', url: '/user/getuserviewdata.castle', reader: { type: 'json', root: 'users' }, listeners: { exception: function (proxy, response, operation, eOpts) { Ext.MessageBox.alert("Error", "Session has timed-out. Please re-login and try again."); } } } }); var grid = Ext.create('Ext.grid.Panel', { id: 'viewUsersGrid', title: 'List of all users', store: Ext.data.StoreManager.lookup('viewUsersStore'), columns: [ { header: 'Username', dataIndex: 'username' }, { header: 'Full Name', dataIndex: 'fullName' }, { header: 'Company', dataIndex: 'companyName' }, { header: 'Latest Time Login', dataIndex: 'lastLogin' }, { header: 'Current Status', dataIndex: 'status' }, { header: 'Edit', menuDisabled: true, sortable: false, xtype: 'actioncolumn', width: 50, items: [{ icon: '../../../Content/ext/img/icons/fam/user_edit.png', tooltip: 'Edit user', handler: function (grid, rowIndex, colIndex) { var rec = userstore.getAt(rowIndex); alert("Edit " + rec.get('username')+ "?"); EditUser(rec.get('id')); } }] }, ] }); function EditUser(id) { //I think I need to have this code here - I don't think it's complete/correct though var formpanel = Ext.getCmp('CreateUserForm'); formpanel.getForm().loadRecord(rec); } 'CreateUserForm' is the ID of a form that already exists and which should appear when user clicks on Edit icon. That pop-up form should then automatically be populated with the correct data from the grid row. However my code is not working. I get an error at the line 'formpanel.getForm().loadRecord(rec)' - it says 'Microsoft JScript runtime error: 'undefined' is null or not an object'. Any tips on how to solve this?

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  • Quick and easy flood protection?

    - by James P
    I have a site where a user submits a message using AJAX to a file called like.php. In this file the users message is submitted to a database and it then sends a link back to the user. In my Javascript code I disabled the text box the user types into when they submit the AJAX request. The only problem is, a malicious user can just constantly send POST requests to like.php and flood my database. So I would like to implement simple flood protection. I don't really want the hassle of another database table logging users IPs and such... as if they are flooding my site there will be a lot of database read/writes slowing it down. I thought about using sessions, like have a session that contains a timestamp that gets checked every time they send data to like.php, and if the current time is before the timestamp let them add data to the database, otherwise send out an error and block them. If they are allowed to enter something into the database, update their session with a new timestamp. What do you think? Would this be the best way to go about it or are there easier alternatives? Thanks for any help. :)

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  • How do i find if an object is before or after a waypoint?

    - by BoMann Andersen
    Im working on a racing game for a school project. Using Visual studio 10 pro, and Irrlicht. Sorry for bad grammar ., and its my first question so not sure if its done right. How i want it to work is that i make waypoints at different points on the track, and then i run my waypoint check to see if a car is past its next waypoint (the next it "needs" to go past), if yes then it updates the next waypoint, else nothing. The way i hope this will work is, i make a vector from n to n+1, then find the vector that is perpendicular to the first vector at n. Then i see if the object is in front or behind that vector. I found a Gamedev.net forumpost that helped me make this function: void Engine::checkWaypoint(Vehicle* vehicle) { btVector3 vector = waypoints[vehicle->nextWaypoint]; // n btVector3 nextVector = waypoints[vehicle->nextWaypoint + 1]; // n+1 vector = nextVector - vector; // First vector btVector3 pos = btVector3(vehicle->position.X,vehicle->position.Y,vehicle->position.Z); float product = vector.dot(pos - waypoints[vehicle->nextWaypoint]); // positiv = before, negative = behind if(product < 0) vehicle->nextWaypoint += 1; } Current bugs with this is: Updates the nextwaypoint more then ones without going past a new point. When it gets to the end and resets, it stops triggering on the first waypoints. So my questions: Is this an good way to do this? Did i do it right?

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  • Java convert time format to integer or long

    - by behrk2
    Hello, I'm wondering what the best method is to convert a time string in the format of 00:00:00 to an integer or a long? My ultimate goal is to be able to convert a bunch of string times to integers/longs, add them to an array, and find the most recent time in the array... I'd appreciate any help, thanks! Ok, based on the answers, I have decided to go ahead and compare the strings directly. However, I am having some trouble. It is possible to have more than one "most recent" time, that is, if two times are equal. If that is the case, I want to add the index of both of those times to an ArrayList. Here is my current code: days[0] = "15:00:00"; days[1] = "17:00:00"; days[2] = "18:00:00"; days[3] = "19:00:00"; days[4] = "19:00:00"; days[5] = "15:00:00"; days[6] = "13:00:00"; ArrayList<Integer> indexes = new ArrayList<Integer>(); String curMax = days[0]; for (int x = 1; x < days.length1; x++) { if (days[x].compareTo(curMax) > 0) { curMax = days[x]; indexes.add(x); System.out.println("INDEX OF THE LARGEST VALUE: " + x); } } However, this is adding index 1, 2, and 3 to the ArrayList... Can anyone help me?

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  • Calling NSFetchedResultsController & CoreData experts

    - by JK
    I am having a few nagging issues with NSFetchedResultsController and CoreData, any of which I would be very grateful to get help on. Issue 1 - Updates: I update my store on a background thread which results in certain rows being delete, inserted or updated. The changes are merged into the context on the main thread using the "mergeChangesFromContextDidSaveNotification:" method. Inserts and deletes are updated properly, but updates are not (e.g. the cell label is not updated with the change) although I have confirmed the updates to come through the contextDidSaveNotifcation, exactly like the inserts and deleted. My current workaround is to temporarily change the staleness interval of the context to 0, but this does not seem like the ideal solution. Issue 2 - Deleting objects: My fetch batch size is 20. If an object is deleted by the background thread which is in the first 20 rows, everything works fine. But if the object is after the first 20 rows and the table is scrolled down, a "CoreData could not fulfill a fault" error is raised. I have tried resaving the context and reperforming the frc fetch - all to no avail. Note: In this scenario, the frc delegate method "didChangeObject...." is not called for the delete - I assume this is because the object in question had not been faulted at that time (as it is was outside the initial fetch range). But for some reason, the context still thinks the object is around, although is has been deleted from the store. Issue 3 - Deleting sections : When the deletion of a row leads to the deletion of a section, I have gotten the "invalid number of rows in section???" error. I have worked around this by removing the "reloadSection" line from the NSFetchedResultsChangeMove: section and replacing it with "[tableView insertRowsAtIndexPaths...." This seems to work, but once again, I am not sure if this is the best solution. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!

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  • VS2008 Link Error Using SafeInt3.hpp in 64bit mode.

    - by photo_tom
    I have the below code that links and runs fine in 32bit mode - #include "safeint3.hpp" typedef SafeInt<SIZE_T> SAFE_SIZE_T; SAFE_SIZE_T sizeOfCache; SAFE_SIZE_T _allocateAmt; Where safeint3.hpp is current version that can be found on Codeplex SafeInt. For those who are unaware of it, safeint is a template class that makes working with different integer types and sizes "safe". To quote channel 9 video on software - "it writes the code that you should". Which is my case. I have a class that is managing a large in-memory cache of objects (6gb) and I am very concerned about making sure that I don't have overflow/underflow issues on my pointers/sizes/other integer variables. In this use, it solves many problems. My problem is coming when moving from 32bit dev mode to 64bit production mode. When I build the app in this mode, I'm getting the following linker warnings - 1>cachecontrol.obj : warning LNK4006: "bool __cdecl IntrinsicMultiplyUint64(unsigned __int64 const &,unsigned __int64 const &,unsigned __int64 *)" (?IntrinsicMultiplyUint64@@YA_NAEB_K0PEA_K@Z) already defined in ImageInRamCache.obj; second definition ignored 1>cachecontrol.obj : warning LNK4006: "bool __cdecl IntrinsicMultiplyInt64(__int64 const &,__int64 const &,__int64 *)" (?IntrinsicMultiplyInt64@@YA_NAEB_J0PEA_J@Z) already defined in ImageInRamCache.obj; second definition ignored While I understand I can ignore the error, I would like either (a) prevent the warning from occurring or (b) make it disappear so that my QA department doesn't flag it as a problem. And after spending some time researching it, I cannot find a way to do either.

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  • Delphi: EInvalidOp in neural network class (TD-lambda)

    - by user89818
    I have the following draft for a neural network class. This neural network should learn with TD-lambda. It is started by calling the getRating() function. But unfortunately, there is an EInvalidOp (invalid floading point operation) error after about 1000 iterations in the following lines: neuronsHidden[j] := neuronsHidden[j]+neuronsInput[t][i]*weightsInput[i][j]; // input -> hidden weightsHidden[j][k] := weightsHidden[j][k]+LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]; // adjust hidden->output weights according to TD-lambda Why is this error? I can't find the mistake in my code :( Can you help me? Thank you very much in advance! unit uNeuronalesNetz; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls, Grids, Menus, Math; const NEURONS_INPUT = 43; // number of neurons in the input layer NEURONS_HIDDEN = 60; // number of neurons in the hidden layer NEURONS_OUTPUT = 1; // number of neurons in the output layer NEURONS_TOTAL = NEURONS_INPUT+NEURONS_HIDDEN+NEURONS_OUTPUT; // total number of neurons in the network MAX_TIMESTEPS = 42; // maximum number of timesteps possible (after 42 moves: board is full) LEARNING_RATE_INPUT = 0.25; // in ideal case: decrease gradually in course of training LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN = 0.15; // in ideal case: decrease gradually in course of training GAMMA = 0.9; LAMBDA = 0.7; // decay parameter for eligibility traces type TFeatureVector = Array[1..43] of SmallInt; // definition of the array type TFeatureVector TArtificialNeuralNetwork = class // definition of the class TArtificialNeuralNetwork private // GENERAL SETTINGS START learningMode: Boolean; // does the network learn and change its weights? // GENERAL SETTINGS END // NETWORK CONFIGURATION START neuronsInput: Array[1..MAX_TIMESTEPS] of Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Extended; // array of all input neurons (their values) for every timestep neuronsHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Extended; // array of all hidden neurons (their values) neuronsOutput: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of output neurons (their values) weightsInput: Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Extended; // array of weights: input->hidden weightsHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of weights: hidden->output // NETWORK CONFIGURATION END // LEARNING SETTINGS START outputBefore: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the network's output value in the last timestep (the one before) eligibilityTraceHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of eligibility traces: hidden layer eligibilityTraceOutput: Array[1..NEURONS_TOTAL] of Array[1..NEURONS_TOTAL] of Extended; // array of eligibility traces: output layer reward: Array[1..MAX_TIMESTEPS] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the reward value for all output neurons in every timestep tdError: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the network's error value for every single output neuron t: Byte; // current timestep cyclesTrained: Integer; // number of cycles trained so far (learning rates could be decreased accordingly) last50errors: Array[1..50] of Extended; // LEARNING SETTINGS END public constructor Create; // create the network object and do the initialization procedure UpdateEligibilityTraces; // update the eligibility traces for the hidden and output layer procedure tdLearning; // learning algorithm: adjust the network's weights procedure ForwardPropagation; // propagate the input values through the network to the output layer function getRating(state: TFeatureVector; explorative: Boolean): Extended; // get the rating for a given state (feature vector) function HyperbolicTangent(x: Extended): Extended; // calculate the hyperbolic tangent [-1;1] procedure StartNewCycle; // start a new cycle with everything set to default except for the weights procedure setLearningMode(activated: Boolean=TRUE); // switch the learning mode on/off procedure setInputs(state: TFeatureVector); // transfer the given feature vector to the input layer (set input neurons' values) procedure setReward(currentReward: SmallInt); // set the reward for the current timestep (with learning then or without) procedure nextTimeStep; // increase timestep t function getCyclesTrained(): Integer; // get the number of cycles trained so far procedure Visualize(imgHidden: Pointer); // visualize the neural network's hidden layer end; implementation procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.UpdateEligibilityTraces; var i, j, k: Integer; begin // how worthy is a weight to be adjusted? for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k] := LAMBDA*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]+(neuronsOutput[k]*(1-neuronsOutput[k]))*neuronsHidden[j]; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k] := LAMBDA*eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k]+(neuronsOutput[k]*(1-neuronsOutput[k]))*weightsHidden[j][k]*neuronsHidden[j]*(1-neuronsHidden[j])*neuronsInput[t][i]; end; end; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setReward; VAR i: Integer; begin for i := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin // +1 = player A wins // 0 = draw // -1 = player B wins reward[t][i] := currentReward; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.tdLearning; var i, j, k: Integer; begin if learningMode then begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin if reward[t][k] = 0 then begin tdError[k] := GAMMA*neuronsOutput[k]-outputBefore[k]; // network's error value when reward is 0 end else begin tdError[k] := reward[t][k]-outputBefore[k]; // network's error value in the final state (reward received) end; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin weightsHidden[j][k] := weightsHidden[j][k]+LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]; // adjust hidden->output weights according to TD-lambda for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin weightsInput[i][j] := weightsInput[i][j]+LEARNING_RATE_INPUT*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k]; // adjust input->hidden weights according to TD-lambda end; end; end; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.ForwardPropagation; var i, j, k: Integer; begin for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsHidden[j] := 0; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin neuronsHidden[j] := neuronsHidden[j]+neuronsInput[t][i]*weightsInput[i][j]; // input -> hidden end; neuronsHidden[j] := HyperbolicTangent(neuronsHidden[j]); // activation of hidden neuron j end; for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin neuronsOutput[k] := 0; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsOutput[k] := neuronsOutput[k]+neuronsHidden[j]*weightsHidden[j][k]; // hidden -> output end; neuronsOutput[k] := HyperbolicTangent(neuronsOutput[k]); // activation of output neuron k end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setLearningMode; begin learningMode := activated; end; constructor TArtificialNeuralNetwork.Create; var i, j, k: Integer; begin inherited Create; Randomize; // initialize random numbers generator learningMode := TRUE; cyclesTrained := -2; // only set to -2 because it will be increased twice in the beginning StartNewCycle; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin weightsHidden[j][k] := abs(Random-0.5); // initialize weights: 0 <= random < 0.5 end; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin weightsInput[i][j] := abs(Random-0.5); // initialize weights: 0 <= random < 0.5 end; end; for i := 1 to 50 do begin last50errors[i] := 0; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.nextTimeStep; begin t := t+1; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.StartNewCycle; var i, j, k, m: Integer; begin t := 1; // start in timestep 1 cyclesTrained := cyclesTrained+1; // increase the number of cycles trained so far for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsHidden[j] := 0; for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k] := 0; outputBefore[k] := 0; neuronsOutput[k] := 0; for m := 1 to MAX_TIMESTEPS do begin reward[m][k] := 0; end; end; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k] := 0; end; end; end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.getCyclesTrained; begin result := cyclesTrained; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setInputs; var k: Integer; begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin neuronsInput[t][k] := state[k]; end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.getRating; begin setInputs(state); ForwardPropagation; result := neuronsOutput[1]; if not explorative then begin tdLearning; // adjust the weights according to TD-lambda ForwardPropagation; // calculate the network's output again outputBefore[1] := neuronsOutput[1]; // set outputBefore which will then be used in the next timestep UpdateEligibilityTraces; // update the eligibility traces for the next timestep nextTimeStep; // go to the next timestep end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.HyperbolicTangent; begin if x > 5500 then // prevent overflow result := 1 else result := (Exp(2*x)-1)/(Exp(2*x)+1); end; end.

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